CHAPTER WISE PAST PAPERS 12 PHYSICS Class: Intermediate Part 2 (12"") Board: Lahore Period: 2011 —2018 Prepared by: Usman Gondal Ahmad Fraz Shafa Ullah Zunair Arslan. & BLLEARNINGio:due ya ere eR Ly meres phe Ge SUAahen wasted (03084388042) 2.4 iby 0343-47050264 Str Less pure Pate hi www.EasyLearningHome omet es Sie isk Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping materialContents Pattern of Question Paper 2018 G1 Pattern of Question Paper 2018 G2 12 Electrostatics 13 Current Electricity 14 Electromagnetism 15 Electromagnetic Induction 16 Alternating Current 17 Physics of Solids 18 Electronics 19 Dawn of Modern Physics. 20 Atomic Spectra 21 Nuclear Physics Practical Paper Division of Marks in Practical Exam Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material 14 19 27 34 41 47 54 62 68 76 77Pattern of Question Paper 2018 G1 Chapter McQ Short Long Questions | Questions 12 Electrostatics 2 4 1 13 Current Electricity a 2 if 14 Electromagnetism a 5 1, 15 Electromagnetic Induction 2 4 1. 16 Alternating Current 2 3 1. 17 Physics of Solids a 3 1. 18 Electronics 1 3 1 19 Dawn of Modern Physics 4 3 1 20 Atomic Spectra 4, 2 1 21 Nuclear Physics 2 4 1 Pairing of Short Questions Group 1: 12, 14,15 Group 2: 13, 14, 16, 17, 18 Group 3: 19, 20, 21 Pairing of Long Questions Question 1: 12/13, Question 2: 14,45 Question 3: 16,18 Question 4: 17, 19 Question 5: 20, 21 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material5 Pattern of Question Paper 2018 G2 Chapter McQ Short Questions Long Questions 12 Electrostatics 4 al 13 Current Electricity 14 Electromagnetism 15 Electromagnetic Induction 16 Alternating Current 17 Physics of Solids 18 Electronics 19 Dawn of Modern Physics 20 Atomic Spectra 21 Nuclear Physics Rip [ytote lyr fetele AlN [pla] io)as lala BlelelelR le lelele Pairing of Short Questions Group 1: 12, 14,15 Group 2: 13, 16,17, 18 Group 3: 19, 20,21 Pairing of Long Questions Question 1: 12, 13 Question 2: 14, 15 Question 3: 16, 18 Question 4: 17, 19 Question 5: 20, 21 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material12 ELECTROSTATICS Multiple Choice Questions The S.L. unit of electric fluxis LHR201 3 LHR2011 (A) Nm Ct (B) Nmc# (C) Nm2C4 (D) Nm2c2 The expression of energy stored in a capacity is given by __ LHR2014 (A) E= cv (BES Sev? (QB = sc’v (DYE (cv)? Potential gradient is defined as __ LHR2011 Or @-F ¢ aN, i AE r O-a On A dielectric material is placed between plates of a parallel plate capacitor. Its capacitance increases due to LHR2011 (A) Polarization (B) Rectification (C) Magnification (D) Increased electric field In time constant of RC circuit, how much charge is stored out of maximum charge qo LHR2011 (A) 0.37 qo (B) 0.51 go (C) 0,63 ge (@) 0.90 qa The word xerography means LHR2012 (A) Writing by left hand (B) Writing by children (C) Dry writing (D) Writing by water colors The increase in capacitance of a capacitor due to presence of dielectric isdueto __ of dielectric. LHR201 2 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material7 (A) Electric polarization (B) Electrification (C) Ionization (D) Electrolysis The electric field created by positive charge is___ LHR2013 (A) Radially outward (B) Radially inward (C) Circular (D) Zero Presence of dielectric always ___ LHR2014 LHR2013 (A) Increases the electrostatic force (B) Reduces the electrostatic force (C) Does not affect the electrostatic force (D) Doubles the electrostatic force For the computation of electric flux, thesurface areashouldbe ___ LHR2013 (A) Flat (B) Curved (C) Inclined (D) Spherical A particle carrying a charge of Ze falls through potential difference of 3yv. Energy acquired by it is» LHR2014 (A) 9.6x1079] (B) 9.6x1029] (C) 9.6x10-5] (D) 9.6x10-19} Equation @ = E. Ais applicable to a surface __ LHR2014 (A) Spherical (B) Cylindrical (C) Conical (D) Flat The amount of energy acquired or Lost by an alpha particle as it moves through potential difference of 1Vis__ LHR2014 (A) 3.2x10"9] (B) 6.4x1049) (C) 1.6x1019] (D) Zero Which one of the following can be taken as measure of electric field intensity? LHR2015 E de (A) x, @) * a oo oO os Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material8 The value of Coulomb’s constant (K) in S.I. units is__ LHR2015 (A) 9x 10° Nm2C2 (B) 9x10? NC?m? (C) 9x109 N-invc? (D) 9xL0° Nm?2c? Two opposite point charges of same magnitude are separated by distance 2d. electric potential mid-way between them is _(» LHR2015 (A) 1V (B) 2V (C) Zero (D)V/2 The concept of an electric field lines was introduced by _ LHR2015 (A) Coulomb (B) Faraday (C) Einstein (D) Joseph Henry Two charges 1 pc and 5c are separated by 20 cm. The ratio of electrical forces acting on them will be! LHR2016 (A) 1:2 @yn:s (C) tL @ys:1 Selenium is LHR2016 (A) Insulator in light (B) Insulator in dark (C) Conductor in dark (D) Semiconductor in dark Ifa charged body is mOved against the electric field. it will gain: LHR2016 (A) PE. (B) KE. (C) Mechanicalenergy (D) Electrical potential energy Photocopier and inkjet printer are the applications of: LHR2016 (A) Electrostatics (B) Magnetism (C) Electricity (D) Electra-magnetism S.Lunit of strength of electric field is: LHR2017 (A) I/E @cv CYNIC @)J/N Which one is photo conductor: LHR2017 (A) Copper (B) Selenium (C) Mercury (D) Aluminum Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material9 If the distance between the two charged bodies is halved, the force between them becomes LHR2017 (A) Double (B) Half (C) Four times (D) One fourth The electric potential at a mid-point in an electric dipole is LHR2018 (A) OV (B) 0.5V (Cc) 1v (D) L.5V Two oppositely charged balls A and B attract the third ball C, when placed near them turn by turn. The third ball € must be LHR2018 (A) positively charged (B) negatively charged (C) electrically neutral (D) positively and negatively charged The electric field created by positive point charge is LHR2018 (A) Radially inward (B) Zero (€) Circular (D) Radially outward Short Questions A capacitor of 6yF is connected to a potential difference of one volt. Find the energy stored in the capacitor AV = I volt, C =6ynF = 6X 10-°F LHR2011 Define absolute potential and potential gradient. LHR2013 Define dielectric constant. Give its mathematical form. LHR2015 Define electron volt. Show that leV = 1.6x10-19J. LHR2013 LHR2012 LHR2011 LHR2015 Define the dielectric constant of an insulator and mention its units. LHR2014 Define time constant and give its formula. LHR2014 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material10 Define unit of capacitance. Give its units. LHR2015 Describe the force or forces on a positive point charge when placed between parallel plates: (i) with similar and equal charges (ii) with opposite and equal charges. LHR2015 LHR2016 Do electrons tend to get to region of high potential or of low potential? Give reason. LHR2016 LHR2012 LHR2013 LHR2015 Draw a graph between (q - t) for charging and discharging of a capacitor in case of R-C circuit. LHR2017 Electric lines of force never cross each other, Why? LHR2011 LHR2013 LHR2015 How can you identify that which plate’of a capacitor is positively charge? LHR2011 LHR2013 LHR2014 If a point charge q of mass m is released in a non-uniform electric field with field lines pointing in the same direction, will it make a rectilinear motion? LHR201 2 LHR2014 LHR2015 LHR2017 IsE necessarily zero inside a charged rubber balloon if balloon is spherical? Assume that charge is distributed uniformly over the surface. LHR2012 LHR2017 On which factors does electric flux depend upon? LHR2013 Show thatN/C = V/m. LHR2014 State Gauss's law. Write down its mathematical expression LHR2016 LHR2015 Suppose that you follow an electric field line due to a positive point charge. Do electric field and the potential increase or decrease? LHR2016 LHR2012 LHR2014 LHR2017 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material11 The potential is constant throughout a given region of space. Is the electric field zero or non-zero in this region? Explain briefly. LHR2011 LHR2014 LHR2017 The time constant of a series RC circuit is t = RC verify that an Ohm times farad is equivalent to second. LHR2016 What are factors upon which electric flux depend? LHR2017 What are similarities between electrostatic force and gravitational force? LHR2017 What is the number of electrons in one coulomb charge? LHR2014 Write down two differences between gravitational force and Coulomb‘s electrostatic force LHR2016 Write two similarities and dissimilarities among electric force and gravitational force LHR2017 Prove that Coulomb's lawobeys third law of motion LHR2018 Define potential gradient and give its SI units. LHR2018 Suppose that yousfollow and electric field line due to a positive point charge. Do electric field and the potential increase or decrease? Explain LHR2018 Define electric polarization and electric dipole. LHR2018 What is meant by EEG and ERG? LHR2018 Write any two characteristics of electric field lines. LHR2018 The potential is constant throughout a given region of space. Is the electric field zero or non-zero in this region? Explain. LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material12 Is it true that Gauss’s law states that the total number of lines of force crossing any closed surface in the outward direction is proportional to the net positive charge enclosed within surface? Explain. LHR2018 Long Questions A capacitor has a capacitance of 2.5x10°* FE In charging process, electrons are removed from one plate and placed on the other one. When a potential difference between the plates is 450V, how many electrons have been transferred? LHR2012 A charge of 90C passes through a wire in one-hour and 15 minutes. What is the current in the wire? LHR2013 A particle having a charge of 20 electrons on it falls through a potential difference of 100 volts. Calculate theenergy acquired by it in electron volts. LHR2016 LHR2014 LHR2017 Define absolute potential and derive an expression for the electrical potential at a certain point due to a point charge. LHR2015 Define electric potential, Derive the expression for electric potential at acertain point due to@ point charge. LHR2016 Define Gauss’s lawand find electric intensity due to infinite sheet of charge by using’Gauss’s law. LHR2011 Find charge on electron by Millikan’s method. LHR2013 The electronic flash attachment for a camera contains a capacitor for storing the energy used to produce the flash. In one such unit, the potential difference between the plates of a 750F capacitor is 330V. Determine the energy that is used to produce the flash. LHR2015 What is capacitor? Show that energy density for a capacitor which has electric field strength E is given bys ErEgk? LHR2017 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material13 What is electric field? Find the electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge. LHR2014 Write a note on electrical potential at a point due to point charge. LHR2013 A proton is placed in a uniform electric field of 5000 N/C directed to right, is allowed to go to a distance of 10.0cm from point A to the point B, Calculate (i) work done by the field (ii) its velocity. LHR2018 Derive and expression for the potential at a certain point in the field of a positive point charge. LHR2013, Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material14 13 CURRENT ELECTRICITY Multiple Choice Questions The power output of a lamp is 6W. How much energy does'the lamp give out in two minutes? (A) 3] (C) 120] Current flows in gases dueto __ (A) electrons only (C) positive and negative ions Siemen is the S.I. unit of (A) Resistivity (C) Conductivity LHR2011 (B) 12) (D) 720] LHR2014 (B) electrons and ions (D),electrons and holes LHR2014 (B) Resistance (D) Conductance The force experienced by unit positive charge placed at a point in an electric fieldis called __« (A) Coulomb's force (C) Lorentz force Dimensions of strain are LHR2012 (B) Faraday's force (D) Electric field intensity LHR2012 (Ay L? (B)L? (C) ML!T (D) no dimensions A particle having 2e charge falls through a potential difference of 5V. Energy acquired by itis LHR2012 (A). 2.5ev (B) 20ev (C) 0.4eV (@) 10ev The emf is always ____ even when no current is drawn through the battery of cell. LHR2012 (A) Zero (B) Present (C) Absent (D) Maximum Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material15 Tolerance for silver band is +___% LHR2013 (A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25 The graphical representation of Ohm's lawis LHR2013 (A) Hyperbola (B) Ellipse (C) Parabola (D) Straight line The substance having negative temperature coefficient is___ LHR2014 (A) Carbon (B) Iron (C) Tungsten (D) Gold Resistivity at a given temperature depends upon ___ LHR2014 (A) Area of cross section (B) Length (C) Nature of material for conductor (D) Both length and area Specific resistance of a material depends upon __ LHR2015 (A) Length (B) Area (C) Temperature (D) Both A and B Aresistance of 5000 has fourth band of silver color. Its maximum resistance will be LHR2015, (A) 6000 (B) 5500 (C) 4500 (D) 4000 Heat generated by a 40 W bulb in one hour is: LHR2016 LHR2017 (A) 140] (B) 1440] (C) 14400) (D) 144000) The numerical value of black colour in carbon resistors is: LHR2017 ayo @B)J (C2 @)3 With the rise in temperature, the conductivity of semi-conductor material LHR2017 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material16 (A) Increases linearly (B) Decreases linearly (C) Increases exponentially (D) Decreases exponentially mho m2“ is the ST unit of LHR2018 (A) conductance (B) conductivity (C) resistance (D) resistivity Resistance tolerance for gold color is LHR2018 (A) 50% (B) 30% (C) 20% (D) 5% Short Questions A potential difference is applied across the ends of a copper wire. What is the effect on drift velocity of free electrons by decreasing the length and the temperature of the wire? LHR2016 Define conventional current andelectronic current. LHR2012 LHR2015 Define electric current and conventional current. LHR2017 Define resistivity and give its S.I. units. LHR2011 Define temperature Coefficient of resistance. Give its unit. LHR2017 Describe a circuit, which will give a continuously varying potential. LHR2012 LHR2017 Do bends.in a wire affect its electrical resistance? Explain LHR2013 LHR2015 LHR2016 Findbthe resistance of a filament in 500W, 220V light bulb. LHR2011 Give two uses of potentiometer. LHR2011 How is a rheostat used as potential divider? LHR2016 LHR2013 LHR2014 Is the filament resistance lower or higher in 500w, 220v light bulb than in a 100w, 220v bulb? LHR2012 LHR2013 LHR2017 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material17 State and briefly explain Kirchoff's first rule (current law). LHR2013 State Kirchoff’s Loop rule. LHR2015 LHR2014 The resistance of a conductor rises with temperature. Explain why? LHR2011 What are the difficulties in testing whether the filament of a lighted bulb obeys Ohm’s law? LHR2016 LHR2011 LHR2012 LHR201 4 LHR2015 LHR2017 What is electromotive force? Give its units. LHR2013 LHR2014 What is Lorentz force? LHR2012 LHR2014. What is meant by the term “Tolerance”? Explain. LHR2011 What is Wheatstone bridge? How can it be used to determine the unknown resistance? LHR2015 Which charges actually flowin case of conventional current? LHR2014 Why does the resistance of conductor rise with temperature? LHR2016 LHR2013 LHR2014 Write the formulas for series and parallel combinations of resistors. LHR2012 Define temperature coefficient of resistance and write its formula. LHR2018 Write two uses of rheostat and draw their diagrams. LHR2018 What is meant by tolerance? Find the resistance of a resistor with red, green, orange and gold respective bands. LHR2018 What are the difficulties in testing whether the filament of a lighted bulb obeys Ohm's law? LHR2018 Distinguish between resistivity and conductivity. LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material18 How does doubling the frequency affect the reactance of an inductor? LHR2013 Long Questions Arectangular bar of iron is 2.0 cm by 2.0 cm in cross section and 40 cm long. Calculate its resistance if the resistivity of iron is 11 x10-° 2m LHR2011 LHR2013'LHR2014 LHR2016 Define resistivity and explain its dependence upon temperature. Also derive a relation for temperature co-efficient in terms of resistivity. LHR2012 Find the current which flows in all resistances of the given circuit: 29.07 6.0 we | LHR2017 How many electrons pass through an electric bulb in one minute if 300 mA current is passing through it? LHR2015 What is potentiometer? How it can be used as (i) potential divided (ii) measuring of emf of acell? LHR2014 LHR2015 What is Wheatstone bridge? Describe its construction and working. LHR2016 LHR2012 LHR2017 State Ohm’s law and drive its expression. Discuss why filament of alighted bulb is non-ohmic by graph. Also give any two examples of non-ohmic devices. LHR2018 The resistance of an iron wire at 0°C is 1 x 10*9. What is the resistance at 500°C if the temperature co-efficient of resistance of iron is 5.2 x 1073K71? LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material19 14 ELECTROMAGNETISM Multiple Choice Questions The SI unit of magnetic induction tesla is equal to __ LHR2011 LHR2014 LHR2015 (A) NmA1 (B) Nmta+ (C) Nm (D) Nm2A Shunt resistor is called ___ LHR2011 (A) Bypass resistor (B) Specific resistance (C) Reactance (D) Impedance A current carrying coil placed in uniform magnetic field experiences maximum torque when angle between plane of coil and magnetic field is____ degrees. LHR2011 (A) 0 (B) 45 (C) 60 (D) 90 Magnetic field B = 494 18k Wom? passes through (3k m? area. Net flux through the aréais ___ LHR2011 (A) 20 Wb (B) 90x10 Wb (C) 90 Wb (D) zero XN_(B.AL), = lg is the relation for __ LHR2012 (A) Millikan’s law (B) Gauss’s law (C) Ampere’s law (D) Lenz's law The brightness of spot on CRO screen is controlled by ___ LHR2016 LHR2015 LHR2012 (A) Anodes (B) Cathodes (C) Grid (D) Plates The relation for maximum value of deflecting couple is given by ___ LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material20 (A)t = B/NIA (B)t = BINA (C)t = BNA (D)t = BNA sin@ Magnetic force on a moving charged particle perpendicular to the >__ tHR2012 (A) Magnetic field (B) Electric field (C) Velocity of the particle (D) magnetic field and velocity of the particle Resistance of a voltmeter should be ____ as compared to the resistance across which it is connected. LHR2012 (A) High (B) Very high (C) Low (D) Verylow The torque on current carrying coil is_) LHR2013 (A)t = NAB cosa (B)t = BiL sina (C)t = NIAB sing (D)t = BiLcosa The anode inthe CRO_ LHR201 3 (A) Controls number of waves’ (B) Controls brightness ofspot formed (C) Accelerates and focus.the beam (D) At negative potential with respect to cathode Electric current/produces magnetic field was suggested by ___ LHR2013 (A) Faraday (B) Oersted (C) Henry (D) Lenz When d small resistance is connected parallel to the galvanometer, the resulting is ___ LHR2013 (A) Voltmeter (B) Wheatstone bridge (C) Ammeter (D) Potentiometer One weber is equal to__ LHR2013. (A) NAt (B) Nm‘A (C) NmA+ (D) Nnv!A+ Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material21 Cathode ray oscilloscope works by deflectingabeamof___——— LHR2014 (A) Neutrons (B) Protons (C) Electrons (D) Positrons Sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by ___ LHR2014 (A) Decreasing the value of torsional couple (B) Decreasing the number of turns (C) Decreasing area of plane of coil (D) Decreasing magnetic field If magnetic field is doubled then magnetic energy density becomes ___ times LHR2014 (A) Four (B) Two (C) Three (D) Six Grid in cathode ray oscilloscope controls ___ LHR2014 (A) Number of electrons (B) Temperature of filament (C) Frequency of electrons (D) Energy of electrons The S.I. unit of magnetic flux is given by ___ LHR2015 (A) Nm At (B) NA' mm (C) Nm? At (D) Nm A Ifthe number of turns become double but length remains same, the magnetic field imthe solenoid becomes ___ LHR2015, (A) Half (B) Double (C) Same (D) Zero The galvanometer can be made sensitive by making the factor BAN / C LHR2016 (A) Large (B) Small (C) Constant (D) Zero The magnetic force is simply a LHR2016 (A) Reflecting force (B) Deflecting force (C) Restoring force (D) Gravitational force Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material22 we c_. Galvanometer can be made more sensitive if the value of factor yap: LHR2017 (A) Made large (B) Made small (C) Remained constant (D) Made zero Filament in C.R.O: LHR2017 (A) Controls the number of electrons (B) Controls the brightness of screen (C) Has negative potential (D) Emits electrons A 5m wire carrying a current of 2A is at right angle to the uniform magnetic field of 0.5 weber/m2. The force on the wire is: LHR2017 (A) 2N (B) 4N (C) 5N (D).1.5N Which one of the following particles moving in the magnetic field cannot be deflected LHR2017 (A) a particles (B) B particles (C) Electrons (D) Neutrons If F: and F, are the magnetic forces acting on alpha particle and electron respectivelyywhen moving perpendicular to the magnetic field, then LHR2018 (A) Fi=F2 (B) Fi>Fz (C) Fi have same units, LHR2012 LHR2013 LHR2015 LHR2017 State Faraday’s and Lorenz's laws. LHR2011 State the following laws (i) Faraday’s law (ii) Lenz's law. LHR201 3 LHR2015 State the Lenz’s law and define Henry. LHR2017 What are the dimensions of mutual inductance? LHR2017 What is back emf effect in a motor? LHR201 2 LHR2013 What is D.C. motor? Write its principle. LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material32 What is meant by back motor effect in generators? Explain briefly. LHR2016 What is motional emf? Give its formula. LHR2015 When an electric motor, such as an electric drill, is being used,does it also act as a generator? If so, what is the consequence of this? LHR201 2 LHR2015 Write down four factors on which mutual inductance depends. LHR2016 Write the principle of electric generator. LHR2014 Write two methods to change flux for electramagnetic induction. LHR2014. Write two similarities and two differences between motor and generator. LHR2014 Give the two techniques to improve the efficiency of a transformer. LHR2013 Define self-induction andiself-inductance. LHR2018, State Faraday’s law and write it in mathematical form. LHR2018 Show that emf (e,) and ae have the same units. LHR2018 Is it possible to Change both the area of the loop and magnetic field passing through the loop and still not have an induced emf in the loop? LHR2018, When an electric motor such as an electric drill, is being used, does it also act as a generator? If so what is the consequence of this? LHR2018 What is back motor effect in generators? Explain. LHR2018 Why transformers are used in A.C. supply network? LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material33 Long Questions Acoil of 10 turns and 35 cm? area is in a perpendicular magnetic field of 0.5 T. The coil is pulled out of the field in 1.0 sec. Find the induced emf in the coil as it is pulled out of the field LHR2016 A metal rod of length 25 cm is moving at a speed of 0.5 ms“ in direction perpendicular to a 0.25 T magnetic field. Find emf produced along the red. LHR2016 A square coil of side 16cm has 200 turns and rotates in a magnetic field of magnitude 0.05T. If the peak emf is 12V, what is the angular velocity of the coil? LHR2012 LHR2014 LHR2015 An ideal step down transformer is connected to main supply of 240V. It is desired to operate a 12V, 30W lamp. Find the current in the primary and the transformation ratio. LHR2013 LHR2017 State and explain Lenz's law. Hew this law explains conservation of energy during electromagnetic induction? LHR2012 Two coils are placed sided by side. An emf of 0.8V is observed in one coil when the currentis\changing at the rate of 200AS* in the other coil. What is the mutual inductance of the coil? LHR2015 What is an inductor? Find energy stores in the inductor. LHR2013 LHR2014 What type of energy is stored in an inductor? Find the relations for energy and energy density in an inductor. LHR2011 What is inductor? Also derive a formula for energy stored in an inductor. LHR2018 What is transformer? Describe its principle, construction and working. LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material34 16 ALTERNATING CURRENT Multiple Choice Questions How many types of modulation exist? LHR2011 (Ay Bz 3 @)4 Alternating current generator converts which typé of energy into electrical energy? LHR2011 (A) mechanical (B) chemical ¢C) solar (D),potential Power dissipation in a pure inductive or in a pure capacitance circuit is __ LHR2012 (A) Infinite (B) Zero ¢C) Minimum (D) Maximum If I, is the peak value of an AC supply, then its rms value is given as Leas = LHR2012 To lo Wa ® caer © Ji @* Resonance frequency of RLC series circuit is fr = ___ LHR2012 2m Eg Ate (@) =vLC 1 Om (D) 2nvIe The highest value reached by voltage or current in one cycle is called — LHR2013 (A) peak to peak value (B) peak value (C) instantaneous value (D) root mean square value Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material35 In pure resistive A.C. circuit, instantaneous value of voltage or current — LHR2013 (A) Current lags behind voltage —_(B) Current leads voltage by 2 / 2 (C) Both are in phase (D) Voltage leads current by z / 2 The device which allows only the continuous flow of an A.C. through a circuit is__ LHR2013 (A) Capacitor (B) Inductor (C) D.C. motor (D) Battery At high frequency, the current through a capacitorof A.C. circuit will be a LHR2013 (A) Large (B) Small (C) Infinite (D) Zero The most common source of an A.G. voltage is___ LHR2014 (A) Motor (B) Cell (C) Generator (D) Thermocapsule The basic circuit element in A.C. circuit which controls currentis___ LHR2014. (A) Resistor only (B) Capacitor only (C) Inductor only (D) All of these At resonance frequency, the impedance of RLC series circuit is___ LHR2014 (A) Zero (B) Minimum ¢C) Maximum (D) Moderate The capacitive reactance to pure D.C.is__ LHR2014 (A) Zero (B) Infinite (C) Variable (D) Equal to inductive reactance The impedance of RLC series circuit at resonance is give by __ LHR2014 (A)Z = R24 OL Xe (B)Z = JR2 4X? (Q)Z=R (D)Z= (REE Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material36 The velocity of an oscillating charge as it moves to and fro along a wire is__ LHR2015 (A) Changing (B) Constant (C) Infinite (D) Zero Choke consumes extremely small ___ LHR2015, (A) Current (B) Charge (C) Power (D) Potential The frequency of A.C. source used in Pakistan is LHR2015, (A) 50Hz (B) 60Hz (C) 45Hz (D) 70Hz Ina pure inductive A.C. circuit, the current LHR2015 (A) lags behind voltage by 90° (B) leads the voltage by 90° (C) in phase with voltage (®) beads the voltage by 270° The mean value of A.C. in a cycleis: LHR2016 (A) @)o © (D) b/v2 In Pakistan, the frequency of AC supply is: LHR2016 (A) 100 Hz (B) 50 Hz (C) 220 Hz (D) 60 Hz The power factor of RL-series circuit is LHR2016 (A) 0 (B)1 (C) Less than} (D) More than 1 The phase angle between the voltage and current through resistor is: LHR2016 (ayo? (B) 45° (€) 180° () 270° In case of capacitor the unit of reactance is: LHR2016 (A) Ohm (B) Mho (C) Farad (D) Henry Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material37 Power dissipated in pure inductor over a complete ac. cycle is: LHR2017 (A) Large (B) Small (C) Infinite (D) Zero The value of peak to peak voltage is LHR2017 (A) Vo (B)Vo (C)V2V% (D) 2V0 When 10V are applied to an AC circuit, the current flowing in it is 100mA, its impedance is LHR2017 (A) 502 (B) 750 (C) 1000 (D) 90.0 At resonance frequency the impedance‘of.RLC series circuit is LHR2017 (A) Zero (B) Minimum (C) Maximum (D) Moderate The unit of VLC is LHR2018 (A) second (B) ampere (C) Hertz (D) Farad At what frequency, 1H inductance offers same impedance as 1uF capacitor LHR2018 (A) 50Hz (B) 159 Hz (C) 512 Hz (D) 1590 Hz The impedance Z can be expressed as LHR2018 (AyZ == (@)Z=2= Toms Vems (\7-14+V @)Z=I1-Vv High frequency radio wave is called as LHR2018 (A) Fluctuate wave (B) Carrier wave (C) Matter wave (D) Mechanical wave Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material38 Short Questions Acircuit contains an iron cored inductor, a switch and a D.C. source. arranged in series. The switch is closed and after an interval reopened. Explain why a spark jump across the switch contacts? LHR2015 A sinusoidal current has rms value of 10A. What is the maximum or peak value? LHR2011 LHR2012 LHR2016 LHR2017 Define choke. What is its use? LHR2016 Define impedance. Write down its unit and symbol. — LHR2011 LHR2017 Explain the conditions under which electromagnetic waves are produced from a source. LHR2015 How does doubling the frequency affect the reactance of (ii) capacitor (ii) inductor? LHR2015 LHR2016 LHR201 2 LHR2013 LHR2014 How many times per second;will an incandescent lamp reach maximum brilliance when connected to a 50 Hz source? LHR2011 LHR2012 LHR2016 How power is calculated in an A.C circuit? write its formula. LHR2017 How the reception ofa particular radio station is selected on your radio set? LHR2011 LHR2016 LHR2014 In a RC circuit, will the current lag or lead the voltage? Illustrate your answer by a vector diagram. LHR2012 Namie the device that will: (i) permit flow of D.C. but opposes the flow of A.CoGi) permit flow of A.C. but not the D.C. LHR2014 LHR2013 LHR2014 LHR2017 What are the transmission frequencies for electromagnetic waves in (i) AM. range (ii) RM. range? LHR2011 What do you mean by amplitude modulation? LHR2015 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material39 What is a choke coil and where is it used? LHR2012 LHR2013 LHR2014 LHR2015 What is meant by A.M. and F-M.? LHR2016 LHR2013 What is meant by phase of A.C quantities? LHR2017 What is resonance condition in RLC series circuit? LHR2013 LHR2014 What is the main reason for the worldwide use of A.C.? LHR2015 Write down two properties of series resonance circuit. LHR2017 Write the characteristics of series resonance circuit. LHR2012 Define choke and write its advantage in A.C. circuits? LHR2018 What is the main advantage of three phase A.C. supply? LHR2018 A sinusoidal current has rms valite of 15A. What is the maximum value? LHR2013 In R-C series circuit, will the current lag or lead the voltage? Illustrate your answer by a vectordiagram. LHR2018, Name the device that will permit flow of direct current but oppose the flow of alternating current. LHR2018 Define A.C. current. Make its waveform. LHR2018 Long Questions A 100y:F capacitor is connected to an alternating voltage of 24V and frequency 50Hz. Calculate: (i) reactance of a capacitor (ii) current in the circuit. LHR2015 Calculate the impedance and phase angle of R-C series circuit and draw its impedance diagram LHR201 2 LHR2016 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material40 Derive an expression for impedance and phase angle for R-C and R-L series circuit when excite by A.C. supply. LHR2013 Describe series resonance circuit. Find formula for resonance frequency and write its properties. LHR2017 Explain R-L-C series resonance circuit and give its propertiés. LHR2015 Explain the principle of generation, transmission and'reception of electromagnetic waves with an example. LHR2012 Find the capacitance required to construct a resonance circuit having frequency 1000kHz with an inductor of 5mH. LHR2016 LHR2011 LHR2014 Find the value of the current and inductive reactance when A.C. voltage of 200V at 50Hz is passed through an inductor of 10H. LHR2017 Find the value of the current flowing through a capacitance 0.5y F when connected to a source of 150V at 50Hz. LHR2011 What is the resonant frequency of a circuit which includes a coil of inductance 2.5H and acapacitance of 40uF? LHR2013 Define impedance, Derive and expression for impedance and phase angle in R-C and R-L Series circuit excited by A.C. voltage. LHR2018 Define modulation, electromagnetic waves and in a R-L series circuit. Will the current lag or lead the voltage? Illustrate your answer by a vector diagram. LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material41 17 PHYSICS OF SOLIDS Multiple Choice Questions The magnetism produced by electrons within atomis dueto___ LHR2044 (A) spin motion (B) orbital motion (C) spin and orbital motion (D) vibratory motion The atoms, ions and molecules of crystalline materials maintain their long range order dueto___ LHR2011 (A) adhesive forces (B) cohesive forces (C) electrostatic forces (@®),Van der Waal’s forces The ratio of applied stress to volumetric strain is called___ LHR2013 (A) Young's medulus (B) Shear modulus (€) Bulk modulus (D) Tensile modulus When a stress changes the shape of a body, itis called __ LHR2013 (A) Volumetric stress (B) Shear stress (C) Tensile stress (D) Compressional stress The ability of a body to return to its original shape is called __ LHR2014 (A) Strain (B) Stress (C) Elasticity (D) Plasticity Which of the following has the least hysteresis loop area? LHR2014 (A) Steel (B) Wrought iron (C) Soft iron (D) Cobalt Which of the following is a crystalline solid? LHR2015 (A) Zirconia (B) Glassy solid (C) Natural rubber (D) Polystyrene Curie temperature of iron is LHR201 2 LHR2016 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material42 (A) 730K (B) 500K (C) 1023 K (D) 300K A diode characteristic curve Is plotted between: LHR2016 (A) Current and time (B) Voltage and time (C) Voltage and current (D) Forward voltage and reverse voltage When asilicon crystal is doped with a pentavalent element, it becomes. __ LHR2012 (A) p-type semiconductor (B) n-type.semiconductor (C) Intrinsic semiconductor (D) Extrinsic semiconductor Reciprocal of bulk modulus is ___ LHR2012 (A) Elasticity (B) Young modulus ¢C) Compressibility (D) Shear modulus At 0K, semiconductors are: LHR2017 (A) Conductors (B) insulators (C) Perfect insulators (D) Perfect insulators In N-type material minority carriers are: LHR2017 (A) Free electrons (B) Holes (C) Protons (D) Mesons Very weak magnetic field produced by brain can be detected by LHR2018 (A) Compass (B) metallic needle (C) squids (D) Liquids Substances which break just after the elastic limit is reached is called as LHR2018 (A) Ductile substance (B) Hard substances (C) Brittle substances (D) Soft substances Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material43 Short Questions Define coercive current. LHR2012 Define Curie’s temperature. What is its value for iron? LHR2012 Define elasticity and plasticity. LHR2015 Define modulus of elasticity. Also give its unit LHR2015 LHR2016 Define plasticity and UTS LHR2017 Define stress and differentiate between volume stress and shear stress. LHR2013 Define stress and strain. What are their S.1. Units? LHR2011 LHR2016 LHR2013 Define Young's modulus and Bulk modulus. LHR2017 Differentiate between “elastic deformation” and “plastic deformation’. LHR2012 Differentiate between critical temperature and Curie temperature. LHR2014 LHR2015 Distinguish between conductor and super conductor. LHR2011 Distinguish hetween crystalline, amorphous and polymeric solids LHR2013 LHR2015 LHR2016 Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. LHR2016 LHR2017 Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. LHR2017 Distinguish para and ferro magnetic substances? LHR2011 LHR2012 Draw figure showing electrical conduction by holes in semi-conductor. LHR2013 LHR2014 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material44 Explain briefly the conductors on the basis of energy band theory. LHR2014 How does the motion of an electron in an n-type substance differ from the motion of holes in a p-type substance? LHR2016 How will you obtain n-type and p-type material from pure silicon? LHR2012 Show that the units of modulus of elasticity and stress are the same. LHR2011 LHR2014 What are polymeric solids? Give an example/ LHR2017 What are superconductors? Write two uses of super conductors. LHR201 2 LHR2013 What is coercivity of a material? LHR2011 What is difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors? LHR2014 What is hysteresis loss imtransformer? Write formula for its efficiency. LHR2016 LHR2011 What is meant by hysteresis Loss? How it is used in the construction of a transformer? LHR2015 What is meant by hysteresis loss? LHR2017 What is meant by strain energy? Give its relation. LHR2016 LHR2013 LHR2045 What is squid and where is it used? LHR2014 Define crystal lattice and give one example. LHR2018 Define modulus of elasticity and write its formula. LHR2018 What is meant by strain energy? LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material45 Distinguish between p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor. LHR2018 What are hard and soft magnetic materials? Give example of each. LHR2018, Long Questions A 1.0m long copper wire is subjected to stretching force and its length increases by 20cm. Calculate the tensile strain and percentage elongation which the wire undergoes. LHR2016 LHR2012 LHR2015 A 1.25em diameter cylinder is subjected to aload of 2500kg. Calculate the stress on the bar in mega Pascal. LHR2013 LHR2014 Define extrinsic and intrinsic semi¢conductors. How can we obtain p- type and n-type substances? LHR2016 LHR2014 LHR2015 Describe magnetic properties of solid. Describe the types of magnets. LHR2013 LHR2011 What is energy band theory in solid? Distinguish between conductors, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of this theory. LHR2017 What is meant by strain energy? Derive the relation for strain energy in a deformed material from the area under the force extension graph. LHR2011 What stress would cause a wire to increase in length is 12x101Pa. What force would produce this stress if the diameter of wire is 0.56 mm? LHR2012 The length of a steel bar is 1.0m and its cross-sectional area is 0.03 x 10-*m. Calculate the work done in stretching the wire when a force of LOON is applied within thee elastic region. Young’s modulus of steel is 3.0 x 1044Nm7?. LHR2012 LHR2017 LHR2013 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material46 Define stress and strain. What is strain energy? Calculate its value in terms of modulus of elasticity. LHR201847 18 ELECTRONICS Multiple Choice Questions A light emitting diode (LED) emits light only when ___ LHR2014 (A) Reverse biased (B) Forward biased (C) Unbiased (D) None of these Which one is in the order of decreasing frequency? LHR2011 (A) x-rays, radio waves, infra-red waves (B) ultraviolet rays, visible light, radio waves (C) infra-red rays, visible light, x-rays. (D) yellow, green, red In n-type materials the minority.carriers are__ LHR2011 (A) free electrons (B) holes (C) protons (D) Mesons If both the inputs are low, the outputis high for __ LHR2011 (A) OR gate (B) AND gate (C) XOR gate (D) NOR gate For non-inverting amplifier, if R, = oo ohm and Rz = 0 ohm then, gain of amplifier is _ LHR2012 (A) -1 (B) Zero CC) +1 (D) Infinite > is the electrical symbol for ___ LHR2012 (A) Diode (B) Photocell (C) LwD (D) Photodiode Conversion of A.C. into D.C. is called___ LHR2013 (A) modulation (B) amplification (C) oscillation (D) rectification Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material48 A potential barrier of 0.7 volt exists across p-n junction made from LHR2013 (A) Silicon (B) Germanium (C) Indium (D) Gallium When a p-n junction is reverse biased, the depletion regionis —_ LHR2013 (A) Widened (B) Narrowed ¢C) Normal (D) No change The central region of a transistor is called ___ LHR2013 (A) Base (B) Emitter (C) Collector (D) Neutral The output voltage of a rectifier is__ LHR2014 (A) Smooth (B)Pulsating (C) Perfectly direct (D)Alternating Which factor does not affect the conductivity of p-n junction diode? LHR2014. (A) Doping (B) Temperature (C) Voltage (D) Pressure The thickness of basein a transistor is of the order of ___ LHR2014 LHR2015 (A) 10m (B) 10*m (C) 10m (D) 10¢m Potential difference across two terminals of silicon diode at 3000k is __ LHR2015, (A) 0.3¥ (B) 0.7V (C).0.9V. (D) 1.2V Which one pair belongs to accepter impurity? LHR2015 (A) Arsenic, phosphorus (B) Boron, gallium (C) Antimony, indium (D) Arsenic, antimony The open loop gain of the amplifier is of the order of ___ LHR2015 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material49 (A) 102 (B) 10 (C) 10° (D) 10% A PN-junction cannot be used as: LHR2016 (A) Rectifier (B) Amplifier (C) Detector (D) LED The ratio of potential barriers of Ge to Si at room temperature is LHR2016 (A) 7:3 (B)1:3 (C) 2:5 (D) 3:7 Which type of impurity is to be added to apure semi-conductor crystal to provide holes LHR2016 (A) Monovalent (B) Trivalent (C) Tetravalent (D)Pentavalent Transistors are made from LHR2016 (A) Plastics (B) Metals (C) Insulators (D) Doped semiconductors The size of base regiomin a transistor is of the order of: LHR2017 (A) 106m (B) 10m (C) 10°m (D) 10%m The pulsating output voltage of a rectifier can be made smooth by using a circuit known as: LHR2017 (A) Capacitor and inductor (B) Inductor (C) Filter (D) Resistor The device used for converting A.C. into D.C. is called LHR2017 (A) Oscillator (B) Detector (Cc) Amplifier (D) Rectifier For non-inverting amplifier, Ri = oo and R2 = 0 ohm, the gain of non- inverting amplifier is LHR2018 (A) -1 (B) Zero (C) +1 (D) infinite Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material50 Automatic functioning of street light unit is done by the use of LHR2018 (A) Inductor (B) Capacitor ¢C) Comparator (D) Thermistor The Boolean expression of NAND gate is LHR2018 (A)X=A.B (BX=A (Q)X =AB (C)X=A+B Short Questions Define rectification. Draw a circuit diagram of half-wave rectifier. LHR2017 Draw symbol of XOR gate and write its truthrtable. LHR201 3 LHR2014 How the motion of an electron in ann-type substance differs from the motion of holes in a p-type substance? LHR2011 LHR2013 The anode of a diade is 0.2V positive with respect to its cathode. Is it forward biased? LHR2014 The bas current in a transistor is very small. Discuss. LHR2011 The inputs of gates arel and 0. Identify the gates if its outputs are (i) 0 (ii) 1. LHR2011 What is meant by rectification? LHR2016 What is net charge on a n-type or p-type substance? LHR2016 Whatis photodiode? Write its two applications. LHR2012 What is potential barrier? What is the value of potential barrier of Si and Ge? LHR2011 What is the biasing requirement of the junctions of a transistor for its normal operation? Explain how these requirements are met in a common emitter amplifier (with diagram)? —LHR2011 LHR2012 LHR2013 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material51. What is the effect of forward and reverse biasing of a diode on the width of the depletion region? LHR201 2 LHR2015 What is the net charge on an n-type or a p-type substance? LHR2017 What is the principle of virtual ground? Apply it to find the gain of an inverting amplifier. LHR2014 Why a photodiode is operated in reverse biased state? LHR2016 LHR2012 LHR2015 Why charge carriers are not present in the depletion region? LHR2013 LHR2017 Why is the base current in a transistor very small? LHR2016 LHR2012 LHR2013 LHR2014 LHR2015 Why ordinary silicon diode do not emit light? LHR201 6 LHR2017 Write down characteristics of operational amplifier LHR2014 LHR2015 Write down the characteristics of operational amplifier. LHR2017 Write four applications of photodiode. LHR2016 LHR2013 LHR2014 LHR2015 Write the truth table of OR gate. LHR2015 Define open loop gain of an operational amplifier and write its formula. LHR2018 Draw diagram of exclusive OR gate and write its formula. LHR2018 Why ordinary silicon diodes do not emit light? LHR2018 What is the net charge on a n-type and a p-type substance? LHR2018 How the current flows in forward and reverse biased diode? LMR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material52 The inputs of a gate are 1 and 0. Identify the gate if the output is (i) 0, Gi) 1 LHR2018 Long Questions Calculate the gain of an amplifier in which the collector resistance RC is 5kQ. The input resistance between the base and emitter of a typical transistor is 2.5k.2 and value of its 8 = 100. LHR2015 Define rectification. Write a note on full wave rectification with diagrams. LHR2017 Draw the circuit diagram of non-inverting amplified and label it. Evaluate a relation for its gain. LHR2012 Figure shows a transistor which operates a relay as the switch s is closed. The relay is energized by a-current of 10mA. Calculate the value Rg which will just make the relay operate. The current gain f of the transistor is 200. When the transistor conducts, its Vgp can be assumed to be 0.6¥. Yeo Poy LHR2018 The current flowing into the base of a transistor is 100,44. Find the ratio z if the value of current gain § is 100. LHR2018 E Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material53 The current flowing into the base of a transistor is 100A. Find its collector current Ic, its emitter current Iz and the ratio Ic / Ix, if the value of the current gain f is 100. LHR2016 LHR2011 LHR2013 LHR2017 Calculate the gain of non-inverting amplifier shown in the figure: 40kO vi LHR2011 LHR2014 What is an amplifier? Explainthe CE transistor as an amplifier. Determine the voltage gain of transistor amplifier also. LHR2014 What is operational amplifier? Describe operational amplifier as inverting amplifier. Galeulate its gain LHR201 5 LHR2016 What is transistorand how is it used as an amplifier? Give its circuit diagram. Deduce the relation for its voltage gain. LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material54 19 DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS Multiple Choice Questions Alpha rays of more than 0.5 MeV energy can produce “» LHR2011 (A) Pair preduction (B) Compton’s effect (C) Photo-electric effect (D) Fission process For pair production, photon must have minimum energy ___— LHR2011 (A) 0.51MeV (B) 1.02Mev (C) 931MeV (@) 2.10Mev A positron is a particle having ___ LHR2011 (A) Mass equal to electron (B) Charge equal to electron (C) Equal mass but opposite charge to electron (D) Mass equal to proton In photoelectric effect, which factor increases by increasing the intensity of incident photons? LHR2011 (A) kinetic energy of electrons (B) stopping potential (C) Work function. (D) Number of emitted electrons Unit of Planck’s constantis__ LHR201 2 (A) Volt (B)Js (C) Js (D) eV In Compton scattering, the Compton shift Ay will be equal to Compton wavelenath, if the scattering angle is__ degrees. LHR2012 (A) 0 (B) 45 (C) 60 (dD) 90 The coordinate system in which law of inertia is valid is called ___ LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material55 (A) Special frame of reference (B) Inertial frame of reference (C) Non-inertial frame of reference (D) Standard frame of reference Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons depends upon ____ of incident light. LHR2012 (A) Frequency (B) Intensity (C) Brightness (D) Power In 1905, the special theory of relativity was préposed by___—LHR2013 (A) Maxwell (B) de-Broglie (C) Bohr (D) Einstein Which one of the following requires a material medium for their propagation __ LHR2013, (A) Heat waves (B) X-rays (C) Sound waves (D) Ultraviolet rays A positron is an antiparticle of | LHR2013 (A) Proton (B) Electron (C) Neutron (D) Photon The momentum of the moving photonis LHR201 3 (A) Zero (B)P = ha (C)P =h/a (@D)P=Ash Which light photon has the least momentum? LHR2014 (A) Red (B) Blue (C) Yellow (D) Green Number of electrons emitted in photoelectric effect depends on __ LHR2014 (A) Intensity of incident light (B) Frequency of incident light (C) Energy of incident light (D) Wavelength of incident light The rest mass energy of an electron positron pair is___ LHR2015 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material56 (A) 0.51MeV (B) 1.02MeV (C) 1.2MeV (D) 1.00Mev Potassium cathode in photocell emit electrons for___ light. _“LHR2015 (A) Visible (B) Infrared (C) Ultraviolet (D) X-rays Light emitting diodes (LED) are made from ___ semi-conductors LHR2015, (A) Silicon (B) Germanium (C) Carbon (D) Gallium arsenide Einstein was awarded Nobel Prize in Physies in, __ LHR2015, (A) 1905 (B) 1911. (Cc) 1918 (D)a92t The value of Wien’s constantis 4 LHR2015, (A) 2.9x10° mK (B) 2.9x10? mK (C) 5.67x10* mK (D) 5.67x10% wm?K4 Rest mass of photon is: LHR2016 (A) Very small (B) Very large (C) Zero (D) Equal to rest mass of proton The quantity h/mgc has the dimensions of LHR2016 (A) Length (B) Mass (C) Time (D) Energy All motions are: LHR2016 (A) Absolute (B) Uniform (C) Relative (D) Variable The momentum of the moving photon is LHR2016 (A) Zero (B) ha ash Masa Radiations emitted by a human body at normal temperature 37°C lies in: LHR2017 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material57 (A) X-ray region (B) Infra-red region (C) Visible region (D) Ultraviolet region The factor in Compton effect has the dimensions of: LHR2017 (A) Pressure (B) Length (C) Mass (D) Momentum Joule-second is the unit of: LHR2013 LHR2017 (A) Energy (B) Heat (C) Planck's constant (D) Work The reverse process of photoelectric effectis called LHR2017 (A) Pair production (B) Compton effect (C) Annihilation of matter (D) X-rays Ifa material object moves with speed.of light, its mass becomes LHR2017 (A) Double of its mass (B) Four times of its rest mass (C) Equal to rest mass (D) Infinite The factor = in Compton equation has the dimensions of LHR2018 0 (A) pressure (B) Length (C) momentum (D) Plank constant The wavelength associated with the proton moving at a speed of 40m/s is LHR2018 (A) 7.20nm (B) 9.02nm (C) 15.7nm (D) 17.3nm The energy of the photon of wavelength 500nm is LHR2018 (A) 3.10 eV (B) 2.49 (C)1L.77 eV (@) 1.52eV When a metal is heated sufficiently electrons are given off by the metal. This phenomenon is known as LHR2018 (A) Photoelectric effect (B) Piezo electric effect (C) Thermoionic emission (D) Secondary emission Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material58 The dimension of Planck’s constant is same as that of LHR2013 (A) Energy (B) Power (C) Acceleration (D) Angular momentum The photon with energy greater than 1.02 Mev can interact with matter as LHR2018, (A) Photoelectric effect (B) Compton effect, (C) Pair production (D) Annihilation of matter Short Questions Can pair production take place in vacuum? Explain LHR2014 LHR2016 LHR2017 Define atomic number and mass number. LHR2011 Differentiate between inertial and non-inertial frame of reference. LHR2012 Differentiate between photoelectric effect and Compton Effect. uMR2012 Distinguish between general theory of relativity and special theory of relativity. LHR2014 Does the dilation mean that time really passes more slowly in moving system or that it onlyseems to pass more slowly? Explain briefly. LHR2014 LHR2016 LHR2017 Give two postulates of special theory of relativity. LHR2013 How the time dilation affects the aging process of human body? LHR2014 If an electron and a proton have the same de-Broglie wavelength, which particle has greater speed? LHR2015 If measurements show a precise position for an electron, can those measurements show precise momentum also? Explain. LHR2011 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material59 If speed of light were infinite, what would the equations of special theory of relativity reduce to? LHR2016 LHR2015 If you are moving in a spaceship at.a very high speed relative to the earth, would you notice a difference (i) in your pulse rate (ii) in the pulse rate of people on earth? LHR2011 IfP =hf Aand mv? = V.e then prove that A = LHR2012 2mVoe Is it possible to create a single electron from energy? Explain. LHR2016 Photon ‘A’ has twice the energy of photon ‘B’. What is the ratio of the momentum of ’ to that of ‘B’? LHR2011 LHR2012 LHR2013 Since mass is a form of energy, can we conclude that a compressed spring has more mass than the same. spring when it is not compressed? LHR2011 State uncertainty principle Give its two mathematics forms. LHR2013 LHR2015 What are black body radiations? LHR2014 What are the measurements on which two observers in relative motion will always agree upon? LHR2017 What is meant by pair production and annihilation of matter? LHR2012 What is the energy of quanta in eV having wavelength A = 400nm? (h = 6.63x10*4]s) LHR2012 What is wave particle duality? Give its one practical use. LHR2016 When does light behave as a wave? When does it behave as a particle? LHR2014 LHR2017 Which has the lower energy quanta: Radio waves or X-rays? — LHR2015, Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material60 Which photon, red, green, or blue carries the most: (i) energy and (ii) momentum? LHR2017 Why can red light be used in a photographic dark room when, developing films, but a blue or white light cannot? LHR2017 Why do not we observe a Compton effect with visible light? LHR2016 LHR2015 Why is a cavity radiator considered as a black body? LHR2011 Will higher frequency light eject greater number of electrons than low frequency light? Give reason to your answer, LHR2011 LHR2012 Is it possible for an object to move with speed of light? Justify your answer LHR2013 What are black body radiations and how can you get a black body? LHR2018, Which photon, red, green, or blue carries the most (i) energy and (ii) momentum? LHR2013 If the speed of light were infinite, what would be the equations of special theory of relativity reduce to? LHR2018 State Heisenberguncertainty principle. Give its two mathematical forms. LHR2013 Which photon red, or blue carries the most (i) energy (ii) momentum? LHR2013 Long Questions A particle of mass 5.0 mg moves with speed of 8.0 ms‘. Calculate its de Broglie wavelength. LHR2017 A particle of mass 5.0mg moves with speed of 8.0mS~. Calculate its de- Broglie wavelength (h=6.63x10**J.S.) LHR201 6 LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material61 An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 50volts. Calculate its de-Broglie wavelength. LHR2013 An electron is placed in a box about the size of an atom that is about 1.0x10-1°m. What is the velocity of the electron? LHR2015 Define photoelectric effect. Explain photoelectric effect on the basis of quantum theory. Also derive Einstein equation. LHR2011 LHR2015 Explain Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. LHR2013 Explain the photoelectric effect. What is the effect of frequency of light on photoelectric current and energy of phéteélectrons? LHR2017 What is black body radiation? Explaimthe effect of temperature on radiation emitted by hot body. Also discuss energy distribution curve of black body among different wavelength. LHR2011 LHR2014 What is the energy of a photonin a beam of infrared radiations having wavelength 1240 nm? LHR2012 What is wave nature ofiparticles? How Davison and Germer experiment confirmed it? LHR2016 What is photoelectric effect? How its different results were successfully explained on the basis of quantum theory? LHR2018 What is de-Broglie wavelength of an electron whose kinetic energy is 120eV? LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material62 20 ATOMIC SPECTRA Multiple Choice Questions In laser, a metastable state is of the order of __ LHR2011 (A) 10° sec (B) 10 sec (C) 10° sec (D) 107% sec The value of Rydberg constantis__ LHR2011 (A) 1.0974x107 m+ (B) 1.0794x107 m+ (©) 1.0974x10° mt (D) 1.974x10° mt Radiations emitted by human body at‘normal temperature (37°C) lies in___ region LHR2014 (A) X-rays (B) Visible (C) Infrared (D) Ultraviolet What is the color of light emitted from He-Ne laser? LHR2011 (A) Blue (B) Green (C) Red (D) Yellow Electrons can reside in excited state for about __ seconds LHR2011 (A) 108 (B) 10* (C) 10° (D) 1041 Which of the following series of H-spectrum lies in ultraviolet region? LHR2012 (A) Lyman series (B) Balmer series (C) Paschen series (D) Bracket series For holography, we use abeam of ___ LHR2012 (A) y rays (B) X-rays (C) f rays (D) LASER Atomic spectra are the examples of ___ spectra LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material63 (A) Continuous (B) Line (C) Band (D) Mix The radius of atom is of the order of ___ LHR2013 (A) 10°°m (B) 10-°m (C) 104m (D) 10!4m Which of the following series lies in the ultraviolet region? LHR2013 (A) Layman series (B) Balmer series (C) Pfund series (D) Bracket series Energy of the 4" orbit in hydrogen atom is _— LHR2014 (A) -2.51eV (B) -3:50eV (C) -13.6eV (D)-0.85eV Life time of metastable state is __, LHR2014 (A) 10*s (B) 10°s (C) 10%s {D) 10"s Which is not true for X-rays? LHR2014 (A) X-rays are not deflected by electric field (B) X-rays are polarized (C) X-rays consist of electromagnetic waves (D) X-rays can be. diffracted by grating Production of X-rays is the reverse process of __ LHR2015 (A) Photo-electric effect (B) Compton effect (C) Annihilation (D) Pair production In Helium-Neon laser, discharge tube is filled with __% Neon gas LHR2015 (A) 10 (B15 (C) 85 (p) 90 K,.- X rays are produced due to transition of electrons from. LHR2016 (A) KtoL shell (B) L to K shell (C) M to K shell () MtoL shell Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material64 Balmer series lies in the : LHR2016 (A) Ultraviolet region (B) Far ultraviolet region (C) infrared region (D) Visible region Plank’s constant h is expressed as: LHR2017 (A)J-S @®)y/s Oye @)).c If an electron of charge ‘e’ is accelerated through a potential difference V, it will acquire energy LHR2017 (A) Ve (Byv/2 (C)E/V (D) Ve? The longest wavelength of Paschen series is LHR2018 (A) 656 nm (By 1094nm (C) 1875 nm @®) 2000nm In electron transition from power tohigher orbit atom cannot emit LHR2018 (A) y-rays (B) ultraviolet rays (C) visible light (D) infrared Short Questions A solid is heated and begins to glow. Why does it first appear red? LHR2013, Bohr’s theory. of hydrogen atom is based upon several assumptions. Do any of these assumptions contradict classical physics? LHR2011 Can electron in the ground state of hydrogen absorb a photon of energy 13.6eV and greater than 13.6eV? LHR2014 LHR2017 Define normal population and population inversion. LHR2011 Explain why laser action could not occur without population inversion between atomic levels? LHR2015 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material65 Describe the principle of operation of a solid-state detector of ionization radiation in terms of generation and detection of charge carriers. LHR2017 Give two postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom. LHR2012 LHR2015 How can the spectrum of hydrogen contain so many lines, when hydrogen contains one electron? LHR201 2 LHR2014 How do Ky X-rays different from Kg X-rays? LHR2012 In what regions of electromagnetic spectrum are following series of hydrogen spectrum observed: (i) Lyman series (ii) Balmer series (iii) Paschen series (iv) Brackett series LHR2011 Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light? LHR2011 LHR2013 LHR2015 LHR2017 Is it possible to create a single electron from energy? Explain. LHR2012 What advantages an electron microscope has over optical microscope? LHR2014 What are advantages of laser over ordinary light? LHR2016 LHR2011 LHR2012 LHR2015 What are biological effects of X-rays? LHR2016 What do we mean when we say that the atom is excited? LHR2013 LHR2017 What is meant by a line spectrum? Explain how line spectrum can be used for the identification of elements. LHR2011 LHR2014 LHR2016 LHR2017 What is meant by CAT-Scanner? LHR2016 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material66 Which photon, blue, green or red, has greater energy and greater momentum. LHR2013 LHR2014 LHR2015 Why population inversion and lasing action are necessary for Laser production? LHR2016 With reference to energy, distinguish between orbital electrons and free electrons. LHR2014 Find the speed of the electron in the first Bohr orbit, LHR2018 How can the spectrum of hydrogen contain so many lines, when hydrogen contains one electron? LHR2018 Is energy conserved when and atom emits a photon of light? Explain. LHR2018 What is population inversion? LHR2018 Long Questions A tungsten target is struck by electrons that have been accelerated from rest through 40k potential difference. Find the shortest wavelength of the bremsstrahlung radiation emitted. LHR2017 Calculate the shortest wavelength radiation in the Balmer series. What value of n must beused? LHR2016 LHR2015 Define spectroscopy. Derive expression for radii of quantized orbit. LHR2011 LHR2013 Electrons in an X-ray tube are accelerated through a potential difference of 3000V. If these electrons were slowed down in a target, what will be the minimum wavelength of X-rays produced? LHR2012 Explain characteristic X-ray and continuous X-ray spectra. How they are produced? Also write two uses of X-Rays. LHR2012 LHR2014 LHR2011 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material67 Find the wavelength of the spectral line corresponding to the transition in hydrogen from n=6 state to n=3 state. LHR2013 State postulates of Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom and then show that hydrogen atom have quantized radii LHR201 4 LHR2016 What are the inner shell transitions and characteristics of X-rays? Describe the production of X-rays. LHR2015 LHR2017 What is LASER? Explain its principle and LASER action in full details. LHR2014 What is inner shell transition? Explain thepreduction of X-Rays. LHR2018 What is meant by inner shell transition and characteristic X-rays? How X-rays are produced? Write down any two properties and uses of X- rays. LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material68 21 NUCLEAR PHYSICS Multiple Choice Questions Neutron was discovered in 1932 by __ LHR2011 (A) Bohr (B) Chadwick (C) Dirac (D) Fermi In nuclear fission reaction, when the products‘are™*°Xe and “Sr, the number of neutrons emittedis __ LHR2011 (Ay3 (B)4 (c)2 OM) Energy given out per nucleon in p-p,reaction is___ MeV LHR2011 (A) 5.2 (B)6 (C)64 (D) 7.7 Which of the following is elementary particle? LHR2012 (A) Proton (B) Neutron (C) Photon (D) Meson By emitting £-particleand y-particle simultaneously, the nucleus changes its charge by ___ LHR2012 (A) Losses by 1 (B) Increases by 1 (C) Increasesby 2 (D) No charge will be observed A sample contains N radioactive nuclei. After 4 half lives, number of nuclei decayed is _ LHR2012 (A\N/16 (B) 15N/ 16 (C)N/8 (@) 7N/8 When a-particle is emitted from any nucleus, its mass number ___ and its charge number. LHR2012 (A) Increases by 2, increases by 2 (B) Decreases by 4, increases by 2 (C) Decreases by 4, decreases by 2 (D) Increases by 4, decreases by 2 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material69 The number of protons in an atom is always equal to number of ___ (A) Electrons (B) Neutrons (C) Positrons (D) Mesons A pair of quark and antiquark makes (A) Meson (B) Baryon (C) Photon (D) Proton Which of the following have no charge ___ (A) a-rays (B) B-rays (C) y-rays (D) Cathode,rays The charge on {3-particle is____ (A) +e (B) -e (C) +2e (@)-2e Which one belongs to Lepton’s group? (A) Electron (B) Muons (C) Neutrinos (D) All of these Mass of meson is ___ (A) Greater than proton, (B) Less than proton (C) Equal to proton (D) Equal to neutron Which is true for both a-particles and y-rays? (A) They cause ionization in air (B) They can be deflected by electric field (C) They can be deflected by magnetic field (D) They can penetrate a few millimeter of aluminum Two down and one up quarks make ___ (A) Proton (B) Neutron (C) Photon (D) Positron Which particle has large range in air? (A) e-particle (B) f-particle (C) y-particle (D) Neutrons LHR2013 LHR2013 LHR2013 LHR2014 LHR2014 LHR2014 LHR2014 LHR2015 LHR2015 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material70 The number of isotopes of cesium are __ LHR2015, (A)4 (B) 32 (C) 36 (D) 22 Binding energy for deuteron nucleus is given by __ LHR2015 (A) 2.8MeV (B) 2.23MeV (C) 2.28MeV (D) 2.25MeV The moderator used in a nuclear reactor is: LHR2016 (A) Sodium (B) Uranium (C) Graphite (D) Cadmium The activity of radioactive sample LHR2016 (A) is constant (B) increases with time (C) Decreases linearly with time (D) Decreases exponentially with time The number of protons in anyatom is always equal to the number of: LHR2016 (A) Neutrons (B) Electrons (C) Positrons (D) Mesons The building blocksofprotons and neutrons are called: LHR2016 (A) Ions (B) Electrons (C) Positron (D) Quarks The number of neutrons in the nucleus is: LHR2017 (A)N=A®Z (B)N=A+Z (na @yn=42 2 2 Types of quarks are: LHR2017 (A)2 (B)4 (6 @s The half life of Radon is LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material71 (A) 23.5minutes (B) 3.8 days (C) 1620 years (D) 4.5x10° years The amount of energy required to break the nucleus is called its LHR2017 (A) Nuclear energy (B) Kinetic energy (C) Potential energy (D) Binding energy Energy liberated when one atom of 723U undergoes fission reaction LHR2017 (A) 140Mev (B) 28Mevy, (C) 200 Mev (D) 60Mew The mass spectrum of naturally occurring neon shows the most abundant isotope has the atomic mass LHR2018 (A) 19 (B).20 (C) 21 (D) 22 The most useful tracer isotopes for the treatment of thyroid glands is LHR2018, (A) Cobalt-60 (B) Carbon-14 (C) lodine-131 (D) Strontium-90 Nuclear fission chain reaction is controlled by using LHR2018 (A) Steel rods (B) Graphite rods (C) Cadmium rods (D) Platinum reds Short Questions 122Ba emits a f-particle and Lanthanum (La) is formed. Write down its nuclear reaction. LHR2014 A particle which produces more ionization is less penetrating. Why? LHR2016 LHR2011 LHR2014 LHR2015 Briefly give the uses of (i) Wilson cloud chamber (ii) G.M. counter. LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material72 Define background radiations. What are their sources? LHR2013 LHR2016 Define binding energy and give its formula. LHR2014 Define decay constant and write its unit. LHR2013 Define half-life of an element with example. LHR2015 Define mass defect and binding energy. LHR2012 Describe a brief account of interaction of various types of radiations with matter. LHR2015 Differentiate between Baryons and Mesons. LHR2012 Explain how a and B particles may ionize an atom without directly hitting the electrons. What is the difference in the atom of the two particles for producing ionization? LHR2017 How can radioactivity help,in’the treatment of cancer? LHR2016 LHR2014 If a decay constant of a’radioactive isotope is 0.3465hr-, what will be its half-life? LHR2014 Ifnucleus has ahalf life of 1 year, does it mean that it will be completely decayed after two years? Explain. LHR2011 LHR2015 If someone accidentally swallows an « source and a f source, which would.be more dangerous to him? Explain why? LHR2014 LHR2012 LHR2017 State advantages and disadvantages of fusion power from the point of view of safety, pollution and resources? LHR2015 State the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. LHR2015 What are Hadrons and Leptons? Explain with examples. LHR2015 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material73 What are isotopes? What do they have in common and what are their differences? LHR2016 LHR2014 What are the basic forces of nature? LHR2017 What do you mean by the term critical mass? LHR2012 What factors make a fusion reaction difficult to achieve? LHR2012 LHR2013 LHR2014 LHR2016 LHR2017 What is meant by critical mass? LHR201 2 LHR2013 LHR2014 What is meant by fluorescence? LHR2011 What is radioactive tracer? Give its one application in industry and medicine. LHR2012 Why are heavy nuclei unstable? LHR2015 LHR2011 LHR2017 In 788U , find (7) atomic numbeh(ii) charge number (iii) number of neutrons (iv) number of electrons LHR2018 What is radioactive decay? Give an example. LHR2018 What information is revealed by the length and shape of the tracks of an incident particle in Wilson cloud chamber? LHR2018 How can radioactivity help in the treatment of cancer? LHR2018 What is radioactive tracer? Describe one application each in medicine and agriculture? LHR2018 Which radiation dose would deposit more energy to your body (i) 10mGy to hand or (ii) LmGy to your entire body? LHR2014 LHR2017 LHR2018 Write the name of basic forces of nature. LHR2018 What is the function of control reds in nuclear reactor? LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material74 Long Questions A 75kg person receives a whole body radiation dose of 24m-rad) delivered by «-particles for which RBE factor is 12. Calculate the absorbed energy in joules. LHR2011 Define isotopes and describe mass spectrograph to separate different isotopes of an element LHR2016, Explain mass defect and binding energy. LHR2013 Find binding energy at the deuteron nucleus,(Mass of deuteron = 3.3435 x 107 kg; Mass of proton = 1.6726x,107 kg; Mass of neutron = 1.6749 x 10°? kg) LHR2016 Find the mass defect and binding energy for tritium, if atomic mass of tritium is 3.016049U. Mass of proton =1.007276U, mass of neutron = 1.008665U. LHR2013 LHR2017 How isotopes are detected with a mass spectrograph? LHR2015 If 733U decays twice by emission. What is the resulting isotope? LHR2014 LHR2015 Radiation from a point obeys the inverse square law. If the count rate at a distance of 1.0m from Geiger counter is 360 counts per minute, what will be its colint rate at 3.0m from the source? LHR2014 The half-life of 33Sr is 9.70 hours. Find its decay constant. LHR2011 LHR2012 Whatisa nuclear reactor? Describe its four important parts. LHR2017 What is G.M. counter? Give its construction. How it is used to count the nuclear radiation? LHR2013 What is radioactivity? Discuss emission of a, 8 and y particles from radioactive nuclei. LHR2012 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material75 Find the mass defect and binding energy of tritium, if the atomic mass of tritium is 3.016049u. LHR2018 A sheet of lead 5mm thick reduces the intensity of a beam of y rays by a factor 0.4. Find half value thickness of lead sheet which will reduce the intensity to half of its initial value. LHR2018 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material76 PRACTICAL PAPER Physics Time Allowed: 3:00 Hours Practical Maximum Marks: 30 Note: The candidate will mark TWO experiments from Section | and II separately. The examiner will allot one experiment out of the marked experiments to perform one experiment from each section. Section I Q1. Calculate the unknown weight of a body by.method of vector addition of forces, 10 Q2. Determine the velocity of sound using ‘first resonance position end correction 10 Q3. Determine the refractive index of aliquid using a concave mirror. 10 Section II Q4. Find the specific resistance of a’wire by slide wire bridge. 10 Q5. Convert a given galvanometer into a voltmeter of range (O-3V) 10 Compute the e/m of electron-by deflection method. 10 Section IIT Note: The candidate. will attempt ONE question from this section. Q7, Draw a graph rom the data provided below. Determine the value of “f” from the graph for /=25cm. Take “f” along x-axis: 5 F(Hz) 256 320 348 480 512 650 lL; (em) 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.074 0.12 Qs. Plata graph of the following recorded data between V and Q taking ‘wp along x-axis. Find C in WF from the slope. 5 V (volt) | 1.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 dst 12 ainc) [75 [225 [30 [45 [eo [75 [az [90 Q9. Practical Note Book. 2 Q10. Viva Voce. 3 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material77 DIVISION OF MARKS IN PRACTICAL EXAM Examiners are expected to see the instruction of the relevant experiments from these sheets and evaluate the candidates strictly in the light of these instructions. Section I Experiment No.1 Volume of a Solid Cylinder Using Vernier Caliper Performance and Observations: 1. Determination of Vernier constant % 2. Determination of zero error (+) % 3. Zero correction 4 4. Measurement of diameter of solid cylinder at two perpendicular directions at three different places, 1 5, Determination of length of solid cylinder at three different places. 1 6. Determination of mean measurement. % Calculation and Results: 1. Corrected value pf radius of cylinder. 2 2. Corrected value oflength of cylinder 2 3, Formula for value of cylinder. 1 4, Results 1 Maximum marks for 4 readings, 80% for 3, 60% for 2 in each case. Experiment No 2. Volume of a small sphere using a micrometer screw gauge Performance and Observations 1, Determination of least count and pitch of screw gauge 1 2. Determination of zero error and correction. 1 3, Measurement of diameter of sphere at three different places twice at each place (one direct and other crossed). 2 Calculations and Result: 1. Determination of radius of sphere by means of a micrometer. 3 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material78 2. Formula for volume of sphere. 3 Maximum marks for 4 readings, 80% for 3, 60% for 2 in each case Experiment No. 3 Area of cross section of a wire using a micrometer screw gauge’ Performance and Observation 1, Determination of least count and pitch of screw gauge. 1 2. Determination of zero error and correction. 1 3. Determination of radius of wire at three different places twice at each place (one direct and one crossed} by means of a micrometer. 2 Calculation and results 1, Determination of radius of wire by means of micrometer. 3 2. Formula for values of wire. 3 Maximum marks for 4 readings, 80% for 360% for 2 in each case. Experiment No. 4 Unknown weight of a body by method 6f vector addition of forces Performance and observation 1. Making the board vertical 1 2. Sheet of paper fixed at with due consideration of the space for drawing figure. 4, 3. Weights hanging freely 4, 4. Disturb the suspended system slightly to see if it comes to the original position 1 5, Projection of the thread correctly marked 1 Calculation and.Result 1. Finding @1 and 62 1 2. Calculation for finding the result of two forces by rectangular components. 2 3, Finding the unknown weight. 1 Maximum marks for 3 readings, 90% for 2, 60% for 1 reading Experiment No. 5 Conditions for Equilibrium (a) Two like parallel forces (b) Two unlike parallel forces Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material79 Performance and Observation . Finding the C.G. of meter rod. . Finding weight of Meter rod. . Setting the apparatus . Suspension of weight . Readings of spring balance for two like / unlike forces. . Finding out the different distances. Calculation and result 1, Record for the unlike parallel forces. 2, Finding out the differences. 2 Maximum marks for 3 readings, 80% for 2, 60% for 1 reading AuUEBUNP PRRERPRPR N Experiment No. 6 Verification of relations by simple pendulum (A) Time period is independent of amplitude (B) Time period is inde pendentof'mass (C) TI (Time period ./Lengehy= Constant Performance and Observation 1. Thread tightly clamped at the suspension % 2. Lower surface of two pieces of cork used for clamping the thread in the same horizontal plane. % 3. The height of bob’only a few centimeters above the floor. K 4, The two perpendicularly intersecting lines below the equilibrium point and position of the bob above the intersecting point in equilibrium position. 1 5. Measurement of length of the pendulum % 6. Small amplitude with vibration in a constant plane. w 7, Measurement of diameter of bob with Vernier caliper. % 8. Measurement of time period of 20 vibrations. 1 Calculations and results 1. Keeping same bob and length of pendulum 1 2. Measurement of length of simple pendulum 1 3. Calculation for time periad for 20 vibrations 4 4. Calculations of T 1 5. Correct results 1 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material80 {b) Keeping length of pendulum constant 1. Measurement of length of pendulum 1 2, Measurement of correct masses of babs (at least 4 bobs of different, masses) 1 3, Measurement of time for 20 vibrations repeated twice for eachmass. 1 4, Calculation of T 1 5. Results 4 Visit wave malciab.pk and yw wees vearnirenome.com for lecture videos and more helping material