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PATTERN GETTING:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 8)
-9 5 -59049 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
-6 2 36 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
-5 4 625 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
-2 3 -8 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
3 8 6561 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
8 2 64 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
15 2 225 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
20 3 8000 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
21 2 441 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
23 3 12166 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
26 2 675 𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒
The table above shows the relationship of an integer raise to positive integer
congruence 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 8). We want to limit 𝑏 to a positive integer to avoid getting a fraction.
Observe that only an odd integer raise to a positive even integer will make the congruence
true.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 8)
-5 4 625 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
3 8 6561 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
15 2 225 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
21 2 441 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒
Simplifying the table 1 we will get the depicted table above. By limiting the value
of 𝑎 to any odd integer while 𝑏 to any positive even integer the congruence will be true.
We want to know if it is true for all 𝑎 odd integer and 𝑏 positive even integer.
CONJECTURE: For any 𝑎 odd integer and 𝑏 positive even integer, 𝑎𝑏 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 8).
PROOF:
Remark 1:
In order to prove it we must first prove that 𝑎2 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 8) for any 𝑎 odd integer.
Thus,
𝑎 = 2𝑘 + 1 ,𝑘∈𝑍
It follows that
⇔ 4𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 + 1 − 1 = 8𝑙
⇔ 4𝑘 2 + 4𝑘 = 8𝑙
⇔ 4𝑘(𝑘 + 1) = 8𝑙
⇔ 𝑘(𝑘 + 1) = 2𝑙
∈ℤ
Remark 2:
Thus,
𝑎 = 2𝑘 + 1 ,𝑘∈𝑍 (1)
𝑏 = 2𝑗 + 1 ,𝑗∈𝑍 (2)
𝑎𝑏 = (2𝑘 + 1)(2𝑗 + 1)
= 2𝑘𝑗 + 2𝑘 + 2𝑗 + 1
= 2(𝑘𝑗 + 𝑘 + 𝑗) + 1 █
∈ℤ
Remark 3:
Show that for all 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 and 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 >0 , (2𝑘 + 1)𝑛 will always be an odd
integer.
Base Step:
(2𝑘 + 1)1 ⇔ 2𝑘 + 1
Inductive Step:
Actual Proof:
Let 𝑎 be any odd integer and 𝑏 be any positive even integer, show that 𝑎𝑏 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 8).
Thus,
𝑎 = 2𝑘 + 1 ,𝑘∈𝑍
𝑏 = 2𝑗 , 𝑗 ∈ 𝑍 ≥0
It follows that
Therefore 𝑎𝑏 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 8) for all 𝑎 odd integer and 𝑏 positive even integer.█