Log pi

0 0

-1

-2

WBr 6 B
PBr3 -4
-20 HBr
-6
B b B
M
M
BBr3 -8
-40
Ellingham Diagrams B
B

-10
HgBr2
Stanley M. Howard, SD School of Mines and Technology
m
M

-60 FeBr2
m
B
PbBr2 M
B m
B

Standard Gibb's Energies of Formation for

TiBr4
M
M
BeBr3
-15

-80 B
Bromides
AlBr 3
B

Chlorides b

-20

-100 Fluorides M
ZrBr 4 m B
Hydrides
Iodides B

-120 Nitrides -25

b Oxides b
MgBr 2 M
Sulfides
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 M
Selenides -30

Tellurides b
m M
o

-160
The
LiBr figures include nomographs for equilibrium partial pressures.
m
-35

-180 NaBr
Data sources: m

1) Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, -40

MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.

-200 KBr
2) D. R. Stull and H. Prophet, JANAF Thermochemical Tables,
NSRDS-NBS 37, U.S. Dept of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1971 -45

-220
This is an Internet Resource for MET 320 - Metallurgical Thermodynamics.

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Bromides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

WBr 6 B
PBr3 -4
-20 HBr
-6
B b B
M
M
BBr3 -8
-40 B
B

-10
HgBr2
M
m
-60 FeBr2
m
B
PbBr2 M
B m
M B
-15
M
TiBr4 BeBr3
-80 B B
AlBr3
b

-20

-100 ZrBr4 m
M
B

-120 -25

b b
MgBr2 M
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 M
-30

m b
M
o

-160
-35
LiBr m

-180 NaBr
m

-40

KBr
-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Bromides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

B
M
-4
-20
MoCl6
B
M -6
PCl3 m
B b B
M
NbCl5 -8
-40 b
m
-10
M
HgCl2 B
b

-60 M
m
NiCl 2
-15

PbCl2
-80

B -20

-100
b

b
-120 m M -25

M m B
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

b
-140
-30
MgCl2 m

M
o

-160 B
LaCl3 M
-35

-180
LiCl -40

SrCl3
-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Chlorides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Free Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971. ………………..
 Log pi
0 0
m
B b -1

-2

SeCl4 -4
-20
PtCl2
b -6
ReCl3 B B
m
-8
-40 PCl5 m b
m
M
M -10
m

AgCl
-60
MnCl3 B
B
-15
SiCl4
m M

-80
GaCl3

-20

-100
m
B B
M

-120 -25

B
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 ScCl3
b -30
M
o

-160
b
M
-35

-180

NaCl m -40

-200
KCl

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Chloride: Part-2 © 2006 S. M. Howard

Data from Free Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971. …………………..
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

b
-4
-20 B

B m
M
-6
WCl 6
TeCl4 M B
-8
-40 TaCl5 m

B
-10

B m
m
B
SnCl4
-60 M TiCl 4
m
B m
UCl6
b -15
B
m

M m
M
-80 CrCl3 B
B

-20
ZnCl2 B
-100 m

VCl2 B m
M

ZrCl 4
B

-120 -25

UCl3
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30

YCl3
o

-160
M
b -35

-180

-40

m
-200
RbCl

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Chlorides: Part-3 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0
-1
CCl4
-2

-4
-20
-6
b b
B b
BiCl3 -8
-40 AsCl3 m
B B
M m -10
M m
B
SbCl3
-60 b
BaCl3 M

-15
b
m
-80
CdCl2
m

B -20
M
-100
AlCl3 B

-120 -25

B
B
Mm b
B
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 -30
b
m

AcCl3
o

M M
-160
b -35
M
m

-180
CaCl2
-40

-200 BaCl2
m

-45
CsCl
-220

-50
-240 m - Element Melting
b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Chlorides: Part-4 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

AuCl -2

-4
-20
IrCl2 B

-6

m
B B -8
m
-40 HCl
m m
M
M
-10

B
-60 CuCl B

GeCl3 b

CoCl2 m -15

FeCl2
-80
InCl3

-20

-100

-120 HfCl4
-25
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Chlorides: Part-5 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

-4
-20
-6

-8
-40
-10

-60

-15

CF4 B
-80

B b

-20

-100 AsF5 b

B
m
M
M
SbF5 B

-120 -25

m b
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

BiF3
-140
-30
m

M
o

-160 CdF2 m
B B
m
-35

BF3 M
-180 M
m
m
-40

-200
AlF3
M
b
-45
BeF3
-220
M
CeF4 m b
M

-240 m - Element Melting -50

m
b - Element Boiling
m M - Compound Melting
AcF3 B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

BaF2
-280
-60

CaF2

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Fluorides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

-4
-20
B
m -6

M
IrF4 M B -8
-40
-10

-60 AuF3

-15
B

-80
m
M
-20

-100
M

M B
M
-120 CuF2 m M
-25

m
HF M

GeF4 B
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 m
FeF2 M
-30

CoF22
PbF
m
o

-160 InF3
m
-35

CrF3
GaF3
B
-180

-40

-200

HfF4
-45

-220 M

-240 m - Element Melting -50

m
b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

LaF3
-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Fluorides: Part-2 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

-4
-20
HgF2
-6

ReF6
-8
-40
PtF5
-10
m

B
M
-60
B
M
-15
m

-80 MB

-20

-100
PF3 M
m

M
-120 -25

MoF6
B
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30

NiF2
M
o

-160 B
m
-35
NbF5 B

-180
MnF2 m
B
-40
M

-200 B

b
b
-45
M

-220 B

-240 ScF3 m - Element Melting -50

M b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
m
B - Compound Boiling
MgF2
-260 -55

KF
m

-280
LiF -60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Fluorides: Part-3 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

-4
-20
-6

-8
-40
-10

b
-60
m
b
-15
B
SeF6 m
-80 M

SF6
m
B
-20
AgF
-100 M
B
TeF6 m

M b
m

-120 -25

TlF 4
SnF

B
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

M
-140 TaF5
-30
b
o

-160 m
B

-35

m B
TiF4
-180

SiF4 -40
M

-200

b
-45
M
-220

b M
ThF4
-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
m
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 m
-55

NaF

-280
Srf2
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Fluorides: Part-4 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

-4
-20
-6

-8
-40
-10

-60

-15

-80

-20

-100 B

-120 -25

m
M b
WF 6
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 M -30

m
o

-160 UF6 B
-35
ZnF2

m
-180
VF3 B

-40

B
-200

m
M
-45
ZrF4
-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 YF3
-55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Fluorides: Part-5 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 M KH
0
NH3 -1
m
-2
m
CH4 m
m
RbH -4
-20
CsH -6

BaH2 SrH2
-8
-40
HCl
-10

-60
H2

-15

-80

-20

-100

-120 -25
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Hydrides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1
HI
M -2
M
MgH2
m
-4
-20
m
NaH m
-6

CaH2
-8
-40
LiH -10

-60

-15

-80

-20

-100

-120 -25

HF
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Hydrides: Part-2 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
100

20

m - Element Melting
b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling

80

15

60

C2H2
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

10
o

40
8

PbH4

m
m
SbH3
m

20 4
BH3
SnH4
GeH4

N2H2 b

2
AsH3 SiH4
BeH2
1
b

PH3

0 0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Hydrides: Part-3 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1
HI
-2

B
b B
-4
-20 FeI2
M

M B
TiI4 -6
M
HgI2 m AlI3

B -8
-40 B

M
m -10
PbI2
m

-60
BeI2
-15
ZrI4

-80
B

-20
B
-100 B

M M
-120 -25

m
b
M
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

LiI
-140
m -30

NaI
o

-160 m
KI
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Iodides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
100

20

m - Element Melting
b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling

80

15

60
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

10
o

40
8

20 4

I2

0 m 0
b
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Iodides: Part-2 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 Fe4N 0

m -1

b -2

m
-20 NH3 -4

Mo2N M
m
-6

-8
-40 Cr2N
b
CrN -10
m

TaN
-60 Ca3N2

m m
-15

VN
-80
Si2N4 Nb2N

-20

-100 Mg3N2
m
m

BN
-120 -25
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 AlN
-30

CeN
TiN
o

-160
ZrN -35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Nitrides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

b
-4
-20
-6
b

As2O4
-8
-40 M

-10
B

CO
Bi3O4
-60
b
-15
m B
M
m b

-80 Bi2O3
M

CO2
-20

-100 m

Sb2O3
m

-120 -25

CdO
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30

M
o

-160 Al2O3 M
-35

M BaO
-180
b
-40

B2O3
-200
m

-45
m m

-220 b

m BeO

Ce2O3
-50
-240 m m - Element Melting
b - Element Boiling
CeO2
m
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

CaO
-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Oxides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2
M

-4
-20 m

-6
M M

m -8
-40
m
-10

-60
B b M M
CuO -15

m M
-80 Cu2O
M

m
-20

-100

CoO

-120 -25
m
GeO2

CrO2
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
Cs2O
o

-160 m

Ga2O3 -35

Cr2O3

-180 HfO2

-40

-200
Er2O3

m m
-45

-220 m

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
Eu2O3 m
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

Dy2O3

-280 Gd2O3
-60

EuO

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Oxides: Part-2 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

-20 -4

-6

b
IrO3 b -8
-40
M
-10
Fe2O3
m
M

-60
M
m

-15
m
m

-80 M

-20
m
-100 PbO
b

M
H2O

-120 MnO2
-25

Li2O
Fe3O4/FeO
m
M
m
FeO/Fe
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
In2O3 -30

Mn2O3
o

-160
-35

b
MnO
-180

-40

-200
Lu2O3

m -45
b
-220
m
Ho2O3

-50
-240 m - Element Melting
m
b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 m -55

La2O3

-280
MgO -60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Oxides: Part-3 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

-4
-20
Pt3O4 M -6

-8
-40 HgO

m -10

OsO2
-60
B
-15
b
B

-80 M

-20
b
-100 M

M
m
b
NiO M

MoO3 M

-120 -25

P2O5
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30

m
o

-160 Mn3O4
K2O -35

Nb2O3
-180
NbO2
M
-40

NbO
m
-200

-45

-220
m

-50
-240 PrO1.83
m m - Element Melting
b - Element Boiling
Pu2O3
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

Md2O3
-280
-60

Pr2O3

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Oxides: Part-4 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1
b
Ag2O -2

-4
-20
-6
M b

Rh2O3 m M -8
-40
-10
SeO2 m

-60
B

-15
TeO2

-80
SO2
-20

-100 M b

-120 -25

M
b
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 m -30

m M

Rb2O
o

-160
-35

Na2O
-180
m

Ta2O5 -40

-200
b
SiO2
-45

-220 m
m

m
-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
TbO1.817
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 TbO1.709 -55

SrO
-280
Sm2O3
-60

Tb2O3
Sc2O3
-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Oxides: Part-5 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2
M

-4
-20
-6
m
b B
-8
-40
Tl2O3 B -10

m
M

-60 B

Tl2O M -15

-80

-20

-100
m M
M

m
-120 m
-25

WO 3
M
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140 SnO2 m
-30

M
m

m
o

-160
M
m
-35

-180
V2O3
-40

-200 VO
m
m

-45

TiO2
-220 m

Ti2O5
Ti2O3 m - Element Melting -50
-240
b - Element Boiling
TiO
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 UO2 -55

-280
-60
ThO2
Tm2O3
-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Oxides: Part-6 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2
M

-4
-20
-6

-8
-40
-10

-60

-15

-80 m

-20

-100 m
M

b
M

-120 -25

m
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
V2O5

VO2
o

-160
-35
m
ZnO

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220
m

-240 m - Element Melting -50

m
b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
ZrO2 B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
Yb2O3
-60

Y2O3
-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Oxides: Part-7 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1
CS2
-2

Ir2S3 CS -4
-20 B

M
PbS -6

FeS2 -8
-40 Cu2S
M B
m -10
CuS
m
m

-60
GeS
-15

-80
Co9S8

-20

-100

-120 -25
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180 b

-40

-200

M
-45

-220
m

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
GaS M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

CeS

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Sulfides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1

-2

m -4
-20 M

B
-6

Ag2S PtS M -8
-40
-10

SO

-60
m M

-15
WS 2
SnS m
-80 MoS2

-20

-100

-120 -25

MnS
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

M b
-140 b -30
o

-160 m

-35
SO2

-180
m
-40
MgS
-200
Na2S

SO3 -45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Sulfides: Part-2 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0
S2 B -1

-2

-4
-20 M
m

-6

B
M
H2S -8
-40
Ni3S2
-10

-60 b

FeS
-15
b

-80
SiS2 m

m
-20

-100 CdS

ZnS

-120 -25
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Sulfides: Part-3 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

-1
HgSe X B B
-2

M
CuSe M
M
b M -4
-20 x X
X
x
M
Ag2Se x -6
SnSe x X
m X B
PbSe m
x m -8
-40
GeSe x X
-10

B
x X
-60 MnSe
X

m b
x -15
CdSe
-80 X

x m
ZnSe
-20

-100

-120 -25
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Selenides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0

Sb2Te3 m X -1
x
M -2
X
M
m
B B
X
-20 Ag2Te x M
m -4
x
X
M GeTe
PbTe X -6

m x
-8
-40
b

CdTe -10
x
m

-60

-15

-80

-20

-100 b

-120 X
-25

m
CaTe
x
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Tellurides: Part-1 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.
 Log pi
0 0
M -1
x
Bi2Te3 m -2
X
M
HgTe x B
-4
-20 b
x X
m M
-6
SnTe
b -8
-40 X

m
x
-10
MnTe X

x
m
-60
ZnTe
-15

-80

-20

-100

-120 -25
ΔG , Kcal/gfw

-140
-30
o

-160
-35

-180

-40

-200

-45

-220

-240 m - Element Melting -50

b - Element Boiling
M - Compound Melting
B - Compound Boiling
-260 -55

-280
-60

-300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
T, K

Ellingham Diagram for Selected Tellurides: Part-2 © 2006 Stanley. M. Howard

Data from Thomas B. Reed, Free Energy of Formation of Binary Compounds, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971.