J passport BOOKS Just Listen *n Learn ACT eee ume eecc eum eT | Communicating with Confidence |___Fan WE (2 ip es) gps LeJust Listen *n Learn RUSSIAN Halya Coynash General editor, Brian Hill Series advisers Janet Jenkins Duncan Sidwell Al Wolff PASSPORT BOOKS a division of NTC Publishing Group Lincolnwood, Illinois USADEERE Scar samen Contents How to use this course 4 Talking about yourself 7 Talking about yourself and others 21 ‘Asking for and receiving information 35 Ordering drinks and snacks 47 Getting what you want in shops (1) 59 Getting what you want in shops (2) 73 Understanding and asking about time 85 Asking for and understanding directions 97 Making travel arrangements 109 Ordering a meal 123 Expressing likes and dislikes 135 Talking about your town and the weather 147 Giving more information about yourself 163 Stating your intentions 179 Discussing what you have done 195 Grammar summary 211 Vocabulary 214 Index. 222HOW TO USE THIS COURSE Following this course will help you to understand, speak and read most of the Russian you are likely to need on vacation or business trips. The course is based on recordings made in Moscow. You will hear ordinary Russians and other Russian-speakers in everyday situations. Step by step you will learn first to understand what they are saying and then to speak in similar situations yourself. Before producing the course we talked to many people about why and how they learn languages. We know how important itis for learning to be enjoyable — and for it to be usable from the beginning. There is not a lot of point in knowing all the complexities of Russian grammar if you can't ask for a cup of coffee! There is a grammar section in each unit, but its main function will be to help you to understand and use the language. We have introduced the Cyrillic alphabet in the first five units. Do remember that itis difficult to learn an entirely new alphabet, and that it takes time. The exercises in each unit will help you to learn the letters, as will writing out the new words and phrases you meet. In the first five units we have transliterated all the words, that is, we have provided the nearest equivalents in Latin script to the Russian sounds. You will see that the spelling and pronunciation of Russian words do not always correspond! ‘A few guidelines are given on pages 5 and 6, but our best advice would be to listen as much as possible to the native speakers on your recording and follow their pronunciation. General hints to help you use the course © Have confidence in us! Real language is complex and you will find certain things in every unit which are not explained in detail. Don't worry about this. ‘We will build up your knowledge slowly, selecting only what is most important to know at each stage. Try to study regularly, but in short periods. 20-30 minutes each day is usually better than 4 hours once a week. To help you learn to speak, say the words and phrases out loud whenever possible. If you don't understand something, leave it for a while. Learning a language is abit like doing a jigsaw or a crossword puzzle; there are many ways to tackle it and it falls into place eventually. Don't be afraid to write in your book and add your own notes. Do revise frequently. (There are revision sections after every three units.) It also helps to get somebody to test you ~ they don't need to understand Russian If you can possibly learn with somebody else, you will be able to help each other and practice the language together. Learning Russian may take more time than you thought. Just be patient and above all dont get angry with yourself. Suggested study pattern Each unit of the course consists of approximately thirteen pages in the book and around ten minutes of recordings. The first page of each unit will tell you what you are going to learn and you will also find our Study guide there. The Study guide tells you the best way (we think) to tackle a unit. As you progress with the course you may find that you evolve a method of study which suits you better. ‘That's fine, but we suggest you keep to our pattern at least for the first three units, ‘or you may find you are not taking full advantage of all the possibilities offered by the material. ‘The book contains step-by-step instructions for working through the course: when to use the book on its own, when to use the recording on its own, when to use them both together, and how to use them in each case. On the recording our presenter Andrei Bell will guide you through the various sections. Here is an outline of the study pattern proposed.Dialogues Key words and phrases Practice what you have learned Grammar Alphabet and Read and understand Did you know? Your turn to speak Answers p2il p2l4 For cassettes: 6) For CD players: Listen to the dialogues, first without stopping, and get a feel for the task ahead. Then go over each dialogue or suggested group of dialogues in conjunction with the vocabulary and the notes. You should get into the habit of playing the recording repeatedly to give yourself time to think, listen to sentences a number of times, and repeat them after the speakers. Don't leave a dialogue until you are confident that you have at least understood it. Study this list of the most important words and phrases from the dialogues. If possible, try to learn them by heart. They will be practiced in the rest of the unit. After each group of dialogues there are some listening and speaking exercises. To do them, you will need to work closely with the book. You will, for instance, often be asked to listen to a piece on the recording and then fill in answers or mark off boxes in the book. Or you will be asked to write an exercise and then check the answers on the recording. Use your PAUuSE/STOP and REWIND or REPEAT buttons to ‘give yourself time to think. Normally in the last exercise you will have an ‘opportunity to practise the most important language in the preceding dialogues. At this stage in a unit things should begin to fall into place and you are ready for the grammar section. If you really don't like grammar you will still learn a lot without studying this part, but most people quite enjoy finding out how the language they are learning actually works and how it is put together. In each unit ‘we have selected just one o two major grammar points. In these sections you will practise reading and using the Cyrillic alphabet, and, later, understanding signs, menus and so on which you may come across in Russia. In this section you will be given some practical background information about Russia. Finally back to the recording for some more practice, this time using the main words and phrases of the whole unit. The book only gives you an outline of the exercises, so you will be listening to the recording and responding. For the first half of the units you will usually be asked to take part in a conversation where you hear a question or statement in Russian, followed by a suggestion in English as to how you might reply. You then give your reply in Russian and listen to see if you were right. You will probably have to go over these spoken exercises a few times. In the later units, as you become more confident, we will suggest situations which ‘you might expect to encounter in Russia. Try these first yourself, and then turn on Your recording to see how a Russian might talk on the same theme. The answers to all the exercises (except those given in the recording) can be found on the last page of each unit. At the back of the book a grammar summary which covers the main rules of Russian grammar for those who wish to study them in greater detail than the main part of this course provides a Russian-English vocabulary list containing all the words in the course, plus a short index of words and topics Symbols and abbreviations If your cassette recorder has a counter, set it to zero at the start of each unit and then note the number in the headphone symbol at the beginning of each dialogue This will help you to find the right place on the tape quickly when you want to wind back. Your player locate each unit as a track number. Note the number from your@ Gi) display at the beginning of each dialogue. This will help you find the right place ‘on your disk when you want to repeat play. $ This indicates an important word or phrase in the dialogues. m, masculine sing. singular f. feminine pl. plural n. neuter lit, literally The Cyrillic alphabet and the transliteration used in this course a fal 6 i Pp ft B fv] ec {s} r Is) neve n (d] y tl e [ye] ° tf & [yo] pete any *« [zh] 1 [ts] ote 4 [eh] e La a fee] i ee x {kl 9 fel of w yu) Xi : i x otal bt [y] or, sometimes, [i] n [p] (» not transliterated in the course) All letters given in square brackets reflect pronunciation. As you can see, such a list is only useful for reference, since it can only approximately give the Russian pronunciation. Furthermore there are features of Russian which make our transliteration, based as it is on actual pronunciation, deviate from this norm. Most importantly: 0 is pronounced {o] when it is the stressed syllable and closer to [a] when not stressed. A similar change occurs with st [ya] which can sound like [i] the further it is from the stressed syllable. It must, in fact, be acknowledged that any vowel sound which is not in stressed position may become blurred and even indistinguishable from other vowel sounds. Since this applies especially to the many different noun endings, such a situation can be very convenient for the learner! Certain consonants sound more like others in particular combinations or at the end of a word. For example: 8 [v] will be closer to [f] before c [s] and some other consonants. We would stress that this is not a rule as such, but simply what the vocal chords force us to do (compare the English absorb v absorption). Stress From the above examples, you have seen how important stress ~ where you put the emphasis on a word — is in Russian. The stress can often change in accordance with a word's role in a sentence. Unfortunately there are no simple rules to help the learner. This need not inhibit you in speaking: a word wrongly stressed will probably be understood. However it is crucial to be aware of these possible changes, since pronunciation is sometimes radically altered. Most of the stresses are marked in this book, so that you can become accustomed to them. Russians do not, however, normally mark them in the written script.You will learn common greetings in Russian to introduce yourself and people you are with to ask somebody's name to ask and reply to simple questions about nationality, etc and you will read about the different forms a Russian name can take and when each is used Before you begin Always listen to the dialogues at least once before following them in your book. Don't worry if you can't make out every word. Try to follow the gist without being distracted by unfamiliar words. The more accustomed you are to the sound of the Russian language, the easier it will be to read the script. So don't hurry, and above all do not despair — all will fit into place! In Unit 1 you will hear people greeting each other, introducing themselves and asking about others. We will be introducing the Cyrillic alphabet over the first five lessons with all dialogues in both Cyrillic and Latin scripts. Before turning to the first dialogues in your book, you will find it useful to read the section on the alphabet on page 15. See how many of the Russian words you can make out, ‘And now: xxertée yertéxa! [zhiléyim uspyékha] we wish you success! Study guide To help you check your progress, mark off the Study guide list as you complete the tasks in each unit. Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 3, 4: listen without the book Dialogues 3, 4 Practice what you have learned Dialogues 5~7: listen without the book listen, read and study one by one Dialogues 5~7: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned ‘Study the Key words and phrases Read and practice writing the Alphabet ‘Study the Grammar section carefully Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT 1 7Dialogues 6) 1 tanya greets a woman inthe service burkat Tanya 3upavereyirre. Zadrastwuytye. Woman — S166peiii sen. Dobry dyer | sapanerayirre [zdrdstvuytye] is the most common way of saying hello in Russian. enn [ddbry dyen'] good day ferent times of the day one can also say Yrpo [dobraye titra] good moming p [dobry vyécher] good evening » | 26pm | ard n66poe 6) 2+ Katya arrives at Anna Sergeevna's house 1pasctayfite, AHHa Cepréesna. —_Zdrdstvuytye, Anna Sergéevna. Ké Zdrastvuy, Katya. Katya Anna Sergeevna 3upacreyii, » | sapasersyit (2dréstvuy] is the familiar form of ‘hello’ used with people you know well or with children L 8 UNITIPractice what you have learned The exercise below is to help you become accustomed to the various forms of greeting. Concentrate on listening and clearly distinguishing each one. Listen to the recording and see if you can match the voices to the pictures below. (Answers on page 20.) @ (ii) .. UNIT I 96) 3 Irina Anna Ivanovna Trina Anna Ivanovna Irina * 6) 4 Maria Dmitrievna Students Maria Dmitrievna Olya Maria Dmitrievna Lena Maria Dmitrievna Volodya Maria Dmitrievna Kolya Maria Dmitrievna Dialogues Irina introduces herself, then asks Anna Ivanovna her name Supéncryitre. Zdrastvuytye. apancrayiire. Zaristvuytye. Meus 30nyr pina. A kak pac sonyt? Minyé zavat Irina. A kak vas zavit? Mens 30ny7 Anna Mednopna. Minyé zavit Anna Ivanovna. ueHb TIpHsATHO. Ochin' priydtna. Meni 30nyr.... [minyd zavit...] my name is... (the Russian in fact means ‘they call me’). This would answer the question kak Bac 30? [kak vas zavUt?] ‘how do they call you?" ie. what is your name? ‘You may have noticed that in the word sony [zavat] the first vowel is not pronounced as it looks. It's not a mistake! In Russian 0 when not stressed sounds much closer to [a] than to [o]. (It's called ‘akanye'!) The a which begins Irina's question means ‘and’ in a contrastive sense, as in "That's my name. And (but) what's yours?” Maria Dmitrievna introduces herself to her new students Supasctpyiite, pe6sra! Zdrdstvuytye, ribydta! Sap4pcrpyiire! Zdrdstvuytye! Mens sony Mapita JImiirpnepna. — Minyd zaviit Marfa Dmitrievna. A kak Bac 30B9T? A kak vas zavit? Mens 30897 Ona. Minyé zavit Olya. A Te64 Kak 30ByT? A tibyd kak zavit? Mens sony JTéxa. Minyé zavat Lyéna. A Te68? A tibya? Mena sony Bonn. Minya zaviit Volédya, A Te64? A tibya? Meus — Kes. Mapuniire, a kak pac Minyd—Koélya. Izvinitye, a kak sonyr? vas zaviit? Mens 30897 Mapiia Jimiitpnesta. Minyd zaviit Marfa Dmitrievna. peGsra [ribysta] is an informal way of addressing a group of children or teenagers. Maria Dmitrievna has used aapamernyirre [zdristvuytye] because she is addressing a group (while the children use this form because she is their teacher!) Kak Te6A 3097? [kak tibyd zavit?] what is your name? You would use ‘TeGsi [tiby4] addressing a child. uanumitre [izvinitye] excuse me. More often than not you will hear uapunitre, noxdayiiera [izvinitye, pazhélsta] excuse me please. 10 UNITIPractice what you have learned6) 5 Misha Dima Anna Sergeevna 6 6) » 6 Tamara Pavel Tamara Pavel 7 Tamara Pavel Dialogues Misha wants his mother to meet a friend Mama, $to moii pyr. Mama, éta moy druk. Supascrayitre, Mex sont JIvima. Zdrdstvuytye, minyd zavdt Dima. Ouerb npusituo. Anna Cepréesta. — Ochin’ priydtna. Anna Sergéevna. $ro... (éta...| this (is)... Introducing somebody can be very simple in Russian. ‘You just need $ro... [éta...] and then a name or description of the person. To find out who somebody is, you ask kT0 Sto? [kto éta?] who is this? Moit apye [moy druk] my friend. If Misha’s friend was a woman, he would say To Mos noupyra [éta mayé padriga). Note that moa [moy] is used talking about a man and moa. [mays] about a woman. Remember what was said above about 0 when not stressed. When written down, moi and mos are obviously closely related, unlike their transliterated versions! Tamara asks Pavel his last name and where he's from Tiéven, kak méuua cpamimust? Pavel, kak vasha familiya? Mod cbamriaina ~ Bennuéuko. Mayé famfliya — Velichénko. Bui pyecknii? Vi riissky? Her, # yxpafinent. So Nyet, ya ukrayinets, Eta yepafiickas cbarismns. ukrayinskaya familiya, kak sia cbamiuma? [kak vasha familiya?] what is your last name? ®aminna [familiya] may not be a person, but it is a feminine noun (see the grammar section on page 17). Bot pyecKwit? [vi rissky?] are you Russian? ner, # ykpafmen. (nyet, ya ukrayinets] no, I'm Ukrainian, If he was Russian, he would answer: a, # pycexmit (da, ya nissky]. A few more nationalities: auramudunn [anglichénin] Englishman, anranuauxa [anglichénka] Englishwoman; cppamuys [frantstis] Frenchman, dppauuyaxenka [frantsizhinka] Frenchwoman; amepuxanen [amerikényets] American (male), amepuxanxa [amerikénka] American (female); uémen [nyémets] German (male), wémxa [nyémka] German (female). $r0 ykpaiiekas chamiiaua [éta ukrayinskaya famfliya] it's a Ukrainian last name. At the end of an evening To cennénus, Minen. Da svidénya, Pavel. To cennénns. Beers pam 166poro. Da svidénya. Fsivé vam dobrava. Beer6 Bam 260poro [fsiv6 vam débrava] all the best. no cpuaduns [da svidénya] goodbye (lit. ‘until our next meeting’) 12 UNITIPractice what you have learned Tanya is in a very cosmopolitan hotel. Can you work out the nationalities of the people she speaks to? (Answers on page 20.) @ (ii). (ii (iv) (a) anramuauxa [anglichinka) (b) pyeeknit [russky] (c) wraapana [ital’'yanka) (d) dpanuys [frantstis) This time listen for the professions of each of the four people. (Answers on page 20.) (i) Sergei (i) Tanya iii) Pavel (iv) Larisa (a) Matemarnx [matimétik] (b) eryséwr [studyént] (©) Kypuanierka [zhumalistka] (d) erynéwrka [studyéntka] (c) xkonomier [ekanamist] UNITI 13Key words and phrases Here are the words and phrases you have met so far. Do make sure you're confident with them before going further. The best way to learn them, we think, is to say them aloud as often as possible. The transliterated forms are as close as we could get to the Russian, but you should listen to how they sound on the recording, paying particular attention to where the stress falls This can make an enormous difference to how a word is pronounced and spelled. 3apanersyitre [zdrdstvuytye] hello aupasersyit [zdrastvuy] hello (to a friend, or child) 6Gpsiit Aen [ddbry dyen'] good day n66poe §rpo [dobraye titra) 200d morning NOGpwiit weep [ddbry vyécher] good evening kak nac a0nf1? (kak vas zaviit?] what is your name? Kak Te6a 308f7? (kak tibyd zavit?] what is your name? (to a child) Meus aonyr... [minyé zavit..] my name is... Guens npasirno [6chin' priystna) pleased to meet you napuniire (noxkasyiicra) excuse me (please) [izvinitye (pazhélsta)] $ro... [éta...] this is... / itis... Moit apyr {moy druk} my friend (male) Moa noapgra [mayé padriiga] my friend (female) Kak péimra chains? what is your last name? [kak vasha famfliya?) Moa chamriums... [mayd famifliya...] my last nameis... Bhi peck? [vi rissky?] are you Russian? a, # pyeckmit (da, ya risky] yes, Iam Russian Her, # ykpaiien [nyet, ya ukrayinets] no, I'm Ukrainian $10 ykpatuickas chamanst it's a Ukrainian name [éta ukrayinskaya famfliya} a OnsHeemén [ya biznismyén] Tam a businessman Ho causauns [da svidénya] goodbye 14 UNITIThe Russian alphabet ‘The Cyrillic alphabet is named in honour of St. Cyril (in Russian Kyril), 9th-century Macedonian monk, who, with his brother St. Methodius, is credited with creating a writing system for the Slavonic languages. The two monks worked as missionaries, bringing Christianity to Slavs outside the Byzantine empire, and an alphabet was required to translate liturgical books and the Bible into Slavonic. Two original writing systems are known to have existed and whether in fact Cyril and Methodius' alphabet is the one we now call 'Cyrillic' is a matter of some conjecture among scholars. The alphabet which developed into present Cyrillic shares many letters with the Greek and Latin scripts. Among its 33 letters there are, however, some which are quite different. You may find it useful to practice writing them out (try your name, and your friends’ names!). Try also to follow as much as possible of the dialogues in Cyrillic, though there will be a transliterated version for the first five units while the alphabet is being introduced. Beside each letter you will find the character, or characters, in Latin script which most closely correspond. They will seldom correspond entirely, so listen to Andrei as he pronounces the Russian letters. There are five letters in Russian which need no introduction: a {as in car] K (k) M [m] ° [asin wore] T t One letter is almost the same: (2) Some letters are deceptively familiar: [yeas in yer] Wl [n] [s] i [00 as in boom } «uemee ‘And then there's st [ya] — an extremely important letter to remember since it can also mean or ‘Tam’ in Russian. Can you recognize these words? TAKT KOCMOC TPAKTOP MOCKBA HET PECTOPAH TEATP. KOCMOHABT BA3A METPO. HOMEP OPKECTP TOCT ATAKA UNITI 156) Now listen to Andrei as he reads the letters aloud. You will notice that some letters, in particular 0, do not always sound as they look. Mostly this is a question of stress, but we will explain particular discrepancies along the way. ‘Try writing the words printed at the bottom of page 15. If you feel confident with those, sce if you can fill in the missing letters in the next exercise. KaK B..€0,...§7? what is your name? en..... 30897 B.....pa my name is Vera Bor pe... Topéit here is a restaurant nor Cé, here is Syéva (a man’s name) bor Mer.....6 here is the metro (subway) MO. sos Misa p§cekast my mother is Russian And now a little passage to read through. —Kax nae 30nf1? — Mens song Bépa. —A kak pac song? — Mensa song Céna, Would you be able to write down the reply if the people's names were Anna and Zoya? What about Olya and Vanya? Svyéta and Katya? (You Il find the names in Cyrillic upside down at the bottom of the page.) wavy ‘ea wuBg “BQ “woR eHHY 16 UNITIGrammar ‘One can talk about Russian grammar a lot, some people do it endlessly! However you can communicate in Russian without knowing all the ‘rules’ and we have therefore kept discussion of complexities to a minimum. The notes here and in the following units will give you the basic structure of the language. They will help you to understand and build on what you hear in each lesson. Please don’t worry if something baffles you, or if you can’t remember it all, You can leave it, and still understand the unit. You'll probably find later that you can’t remember why you were confused! Grammar should be an aid, a tool in learning Russian, Remember though that very few grammatical mistakes will be serious enough to prevent you from being understood. Nouns In Russian nouns have a gender ~ masculine, feminine or neuter. Sometimes the choice will seem obvious — manta [mama] can hardly be anything but feminine! More often, however, there seems to be no reason, good or otherwise, for the gender of a particular noun. Fortunately in Russian the gender is normally clear from the ending of a noun. Masculine nouns most often end in a consonant: apyr (druk] a male friend Feminine nouns usually end in -a or -s noapyra [padniga] female friend cpamaiiins [famfliya] last name Neuter nouns end in -0 or -e: Buné [vind] wine We will leave neuter nouns for the moment since they don't crop up so often. The reason for mentioning anything about gender is that any word describing a noun has to ‘agree’ with it. Mot apyr (moy druk] my (male) friend Moa uoupyra [maya padriiga] my (female) friend Any word describing a noun changes, for example: ykparinekas cpammana [ukrayinskaya familia] a Ukrainian last name You could have yxpasinekwit apyr (ukrayinsky druk] and yxpainexas noapyra [ukrayinskaya padriga] If that seems complicated, it may be some consolation that you now know enough to construct full Russian sentences. The verb 'to be’ (am, ‘you are’, etc.) is not used in Russian, To say that he is Ukrainian, Pavel simply uses the word for'I' ~ » [ya] (not capitalized in Russian) and yxpamuen ukrayinets). And a statement can be made into a question by simply changing one's intonation (‘putting a question in the voice’): Sro ykpaiuckas cbamiums? [Eta ukrayinskaya familiya?) Is it a Ukrainian name? Ha, vo ykpasuckas cbamiians. (Da, éta ukrayinskaya famfliya.] Yes, it is'a Ukrainian name. UNITI 0Did you know? The polite way of addressing somebody older or whom you don’t know very well is by name and patronymic. The patronymic is formed from one’s father’s name with different endings for a man or woman. In the dialogues you met Anna Sergeevna. Sergeevna indicates that she is ‘the daughter of Sergei’. Her brother Nikolai would be Nikolai Sergeevich. There are titles like our Mr’ or 'Mrs' in Russian. However, these have traditionally been used when addressing foreigners. Other titles, some in ‘common usage before the 1917 revolution, are beginning to reappear, but it is too early to judge whether these will endure. You will probably have noticed that the patronymic is not always used. It would not be used in addressing a child or young adult, and probably only used on formal occasions about a person in his or her 20s or 30s. Instead the first name only, or, more probably, a shortened form, is used (Katya for example is the short form of Yekaterina). Itall depends very much on the situation and on how well you know a person. This may not be of great comfort to beginners, but in fact you shouldn't have much problem. Listen to how a person introduces him or herself. And if you can’t make it out the first time, you can always ask them agai Hopunitre, noxdayitera, Kak Bac 200} Sorry, what is your name? * izvinitye, pazhélsta, kak vas zavit?] Oandypa JOpun Hukoracbut Bamecturens rnasnoro penaKropa razerbi «MocKoBcKNe MOmOCTH® Mocksa, Twepexas ya, 16/2 29-82-18 Yuri BANDOURA Deputy Editor-in-Chief “Moscow News” newspaper 16/2 Tverskaya St., Moscow tel: 229-82-18 18 UNITIWomen's names Men's names Have you ever tried reading a Russian novel and had the strange sensation ing before your eyes? They're not! Since it is not always easy to match up a name with its short form, here are some of the that characters are multip! more common Russian names. Full name Short form Yeléna Lyéna Natilya Natisha Ol'ga Olya Irina fra Anna Anya Svetlina Svyéta Sergéi Seryézha Aleksé Alyésha Aleksindr Sésha Vladimir Volédya Ivan Vanya This is by no means a definitive list. A name may have a number of possible short forms, as well as other forms used for expressing affection, etc. (Lyénachka, Natdshenka and many more). KHCHH Bopue Muxainopn4 Kandudar rexnuueckux way Mocxna, 119034 Ten. 233-46-81 Xwaxon nepey0x; 1/2 203-05-40 BOI Cand., 1/2 Hilkov Lane, Moscow 119034 = Research Complex “Textile )RIS M. KISIN Sc.(Technology) ‘Tel, 233-46-81 203-05-40 UNIT 1Practice what you have learned Your turn to speak The last exercise in this unit will give you a chance to practice what you have learned. You will need the following phrases: [minyé zavi...) [vi nissky?] sta, pyeexuit [da, ya rissky) 4r0 Molt apyr [éta moy druk] Sto Moa mama [éta mayé mama] kak nac anf? [kak vas zaviit?] Gwen» mpnitrno [6chin' priystna] Moa cbamiums.... [mayé familiya...] # Onsnecmén [ya biznismyén] Now close your book and listen to Andrei’s prompts. Remember you can always go back and listen again if it seems difficult the first time. Answers Exercise (ia (ii)d (ili)e (iv) Exercise2 (i) (iia (iii)b (iv) d Exercise3 (i) b (iia (iii) d (ive Exercise4 (i) b (ii) (iiie (ivya 20 UNITIYou will learn to talk about members of the family to talk about where you live and where you work to use numbers up to 20 ‘one or two crucial phrases for beginners and you will be given an introduction to Russia and the Russian Federation Before you begin As in Unit 1, use the Study guide below to check your progress. Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book jalogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 3-S: listen without the book Dialogues 3-5: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 6-8: listen without the book Dialogues 6-8: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases Read and practice writing the Alphabet Study the Grammar section carefully Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT2 216) 1 dra Anna Ivanovna dra Anna Ivanovna 6) 2 Maria Dmitrievna Olya Maria Dmitrievna Olya Dialogues Ira asks Anna Ivanovna about her family Ckaxxrine, y Bac ect cembi? — Skazhitye, uvas yest’ simy4? Tla, 9 3émyKeM. Da, ya zémuzhim. ‘A nérn y pac ects? A dyéti uvas yest"? Y mend ect 164Ka. Uminyé yest’ déchka. exaxtire (noxdnyiiera) [skazhitye (pazhélsta)] tell me (please) Y Bac ect cembi? [uvas yest’ simyd?] do you have a family? There isn't a common verb ‘to have’ in Russian, ¥ nac ects...? [uvés yest’..?] literally means ‘with you is there...2". The reply will often begin 1a, y MeHA €CTb.w Ida, uminyé yest’..] yes, Ihave... na, 8 3myaem (da, ya zimuzhim] yes, I'm married. This is what a woman would say. A man says a akewd'r [ya zhindt]. You can say you're not married by putting we [nye] before the appropriate word: # neaamy2KeMm. {ya nyezémuzhim] (unmarried woman); # we kena [ya nye zhindt] (unmarried man). For a man the ne [nye] is written separately. aérn y Bac ects? [dyéti uv4s yest"?] do you have children? There are no strict rules regarding word order in Russian, y Meuéi eer 64Ka [uminyé yest’ déchka] I have a daughter. A more formal word for ‘daughter’ is youn [doch]. And if Anna Ivanovna had a son she would say: y Meus ecb chix [uminyé yest’ sin] [have a son Maria Dmitrievna asks whether Olya has a brother or sister Ona, y TeO4 ects Spar rian cecrpa? —_Olya, utiby4 yest’ brat ili sistré? Y mens ect 6par. Uminyé yest’ brat. A Kak er6 s0nyt? A kak yiv6 zaviit? Tina. Dima. umn [ili] or y Te6A ecrs Gpar Ham cecrpa? [utibya yest’ brat fli sistra?] do you have a brother or sister? ¥ Te64 ecrs...? [utibya yest’..?] is used instead of y pac ects...? [uvas yest’..?] when asking a child or somebody you know well kax er6 song? [kak yivé zaviit?] what is his name? If Olya had a sister, the question would be Kak e@ 3on/r? [kak yiy6 zavit?] what is her name? 22. ~UNIT2Practice what you have learned Before each exercise, read the instructions and then tum on the recording. On your recording you will hear five snatches of conversation. Listen to them and decide whether the following statements are true or false. (Answers on page 34.) (i) Ivanis married (ii) Tanya is married (ii) Musya has a daughter (iv) Boris Alekseevich’s daughter is called Natasha (v)__ Masha's sister is called Sonya Mila is asking a man, Ivan Antonovich, and a young girl, Tanya about their families. Listen to the dialogues first with your book closed, then again, following the text. Using your pause button, fill in the gaps. The words omitted are listed in the box below but they're not in order. (Answers on page 34.) Madu Aurononny, y ac ecth cembsi? (i) Mla, a. A nérn ects? (ii) ¥ mena eer A Kak e8 [yiy6] 308f7? (iii) Eé {yiy6) ... aa [Olya] She then chats with a young girl, Tanya. Tans, y Te64 ects Gpar iam [ili] ceerpa? (iv) Y mena... . Opar. (a) ects [yest'] (b) xendr [zhinat] (c) 308fr [zaviit] (d) n64p [déch) (The unfamiliar letters in these words are in the Alphabet section on page 29.) UNIT2 236 3 Anna Sergeevna Sergei Mikhailovich ‘Anna Sergeevna Sergei Mikhailovich 6) 4 Lyena Tamara 6) s Tamara Lyena Tamara Lyena Dialogues Anna Sergeevna asks Sergei Mikhailovich what his profession is Tpocritre, a kT0 sb Prastitye, a kto vi To crenastsHocTH? paspitsyél'nasti? A pundaor. Ya fildlag. Arrue Bbi paGéraete? A gdye vi rabétaitye? B nanéremcrse Conérexas Vizdatil'stvye Savyétskaya HUHK NONE MHS. intsiklapédiya, «bunéaor [fildlag] linguist Buanatensetse Conérekan sunux.ronénns (vizdatil’stvye Savyétskaya intsiklapédiya] for the publishers of Soviet Encyclopedia mpocrare [prastitye] excuse me. This word, like wanuuire [izvinitye], can be used to mean ‘sorry’ or simply to prepare the way for a question. KTo BbI M0 chennatoHOcTH? [kto vi paspitsyél'nasti?] what is your profession? Or, broken down: Ko bi? [kto vi?] who are you? no ‘cnennéxsnoctn [paspitsy4l'nasti] by profession. re Bbi paGéraere? [gdye vi rabstaitye?] where do you work? Verbs in Russian have different endings depending upon who is doing the action. If Sergei Mikhailovich had answered with a full sentence, it would have begun: 4 pad6raw [ya rabdtayu] I work. (You will find more about these verbs on page 119.) And what is Tamara’s profession? Ckaxzire, KTO abi 110 crenHdmsHocTH? Skazhitye, kto vi paspitsyél'nasti? 5A 10 crienmdisHocrH HHEKeHE, Ya paspitsyal'nasti inzhinéer, pabsraio Ha 3an6i1. rabotayu na zavodye. uwaKenép [inzhinéer] engineer (used for both men and women) na sande [na zavédyel in a factory paG6ravo [rabotayu] I work. 1 [ya] (I) is often omitted since the ending makes it clear who is doing the action. Tamara asks Lyena what her husband does Ckaxrire, a kro no cHeumimHoctH — Skazhitye, a kto paspitsyal'nasti Baitt My? vash mush? Tesdrnnx. Pichatnik. On padsraer p runorpacpun? On rabétayit ftipagrafiyi? Ha. Da. neudrnux [pichétnik] printer B-THnorpacan [ftipagréfiyi) at a printing press KTO No clleuMa.tbHOCTH Bain My2k? [kto paspitsyAlnasti vash mush?] what is your husband's profession or job? To find out from a man about his wife's profession, you would ask: KTO NO CHeNMABHOCTH Béla *eHA? (kto paspitsyél'nasti vasha zhind?). on paG6raer B THHOrpacbun? [on rabstayit ftipagréfiyi?] does he work at a printing press? If we were talking about a woman, the verb would be the same, but the pronoun would change: oma paGGraer [and rab6tayit] she works. 24 ~UNIT2Practice what you have learned As before, read the instructions for each particular exercise before you turn on the recording. > 3 > iyaasks Darya Ivanovna what she and members of her family do for a living. Listen to the interview and then try matching up the people and their jobs. (Answers on page 34.) (i) Daryalvanovna (a) _ physicist Gi) husband (b) journalist (iii) daughter (©) linguist (iv) son (@) engineer ey Some people are asked where they work, Listen carefully, then look at the pictures and see if you can name the person in each scene. Their names are given in the box below. (Answers on page 34.) (i) Kr0? [kto?] PECTOPAH (ii) wr0? [kto?] YHMBEPCHTET (iii) xr0? SABO [kto?] KOHCEPBATOPHA (iv) w10? [kto? MHCTHTYT (v) Ko? [kto?] (a) Tawa (b) Baxrop (c) Kona (d) Anna (e) Anna UNIT2 (252 6 Tanya Boris Mikhailovich Tanya Boris Mikhailovich 6) 7 Boris Mikhailovich Dialogues Tanya wants to know where Boris Mikhailovich lives Vssuniite, Bopiic Muxdiinopny, Izvinitye, Boris Mikhailovich arse abi xHnére? a gdye vi zhivydtye? Ha Ocréxenke. Na Astézhinkye. Sto saneKs or uéurpa? Eta dalik6 ot tséntra? Henanex6. Nidaliko. ua Ocréxeuxe [na Ast6zhinkye] on Ostozhinka street rae Bot auBére? [gdye vi zhivyétye?] where do you live? a xuby... [ya zhivi...] I live... $10 naaex6 or uéurpa? [éta dalik6 ot tséntra?] is that far from the center? In| Russian one can often form the opposite by prefixing the word with me-[nye-], thus Boris Mikhailovich answers wenasex6 [nidalik6] not far, Boris Mikhailovich gives Tanya his work and home phone numbers. Can you write them in numerals? Sanuuitire Moi tener: nea Hom Zapishitye moy tilif6n: dva nol’ ‘pH, deTvipe TPH, lect ces. A Ha tri, chityrye tri, shest’ syem’. A na paGére: TpH iar TpH, nT 1117, rabdtye: tri pyat’ tri, pyat’ pyat’, tect» Bécemb. shest’ vésim’. 3annunire Moi Teaetbou [zapishitye moy tilifon] take down my telephone number a paGére [na rabétye] at work ‘Numbers up to ten are: ‘onan [adin}, onma [adné], onm6 [adn6] nec [shest’] apa (dva] emt [syem’] ‘rps [tri] Bocems [vGsim’] uereipe [chityrye] néparh [dyévit'} nate [pyat’] néesrb (dyésit’] You will also hear wom [no!'] zero, though this is not included when counting. ‘oan [adin] is used if the noun referred to is masculine, oama [adnd) if it is feminine and on6 [adn6] if neuter. The numbers from 10 to 19 are easy to learn since you really just add -HaguaT® [natsat'] to the numbers above: oumnanuars [adinnatsat') mectuaanars [shisndtsat’) apendauars [dvindtsat’] cemnamuars [simnétsat'] ‘Tpundauars [trindtsat') Bocemndanare [vosimnatsat’] ueréipwaguars [chitymatsat’] Hess THamnat [divitndtsat’] narHaauare, [pitndtsat’} and 20 is: asaauars [dvdtsat'] Now tum on the recording and follow in your book as Andrei reads the numbers aloud. 26 UNIT2() Ira Passer-by Ira is looking for the nearest subway station Vapuniire, noxkduylicra, rie suech Izvinitye, pazhalsta, edye zdyes’ cranium MeTp6? sténtsiya mitr6? A 64eHD M16x0 ronopi no-pycckH. Ya échin’ plékha gavaryéi panisski. Tonoprire mésu1eHsHo. Gavaritye myédlinna. auecs [zdyes'] here, in the vicinity 3 O4eHS 1.16x0 FonOprO Hio-pyecKH [ya Schin’ pldkha gavarya parisski] I speak Russian very badly Other languages will be formed in the same way: no-anrsvaiickH [pa-angléeski] I speak English a ronopio [ya gavaryti] { no-cppanuyacku [pafrantstiski] I speak French no-weméuxu [panimyétski] I speak German You may want to say ‘I speak only a little Russian’ T6.1»KO HeMH6ro rosopio no-pycckn [ya t6l'ka nimndga gavaryd parisski} rosopitre ménenno [gavaritye myédlinna] speak slowly Practice what you have learned Participants in a folk concert in Moscow are asked where they live. Listen to their answers on your recording, then match the names below with the places. (Answers on page 34.) (i) Tans; (ii) Tapa; (iii) Mapiia; (iv) Onéce; (v) Hina (a) 8 Mitnexe; (b) 8 Mockné; (c) 8 Kitene; (d) Béne; (c) » Bonne Masha finds it easiest to add up aloud. Listen to the recording, then fill in the missing numbers. (Answers on page 34.) () apa (dva] + onan [adin (ii) cems [syem'] +. = nénnre (dyévit'] Gili) oan [adin] + rpe [tri] + rpm [tri] = (iv) .. + ces [syem'] = nécare [dyésit’] (vy) nénsre [dyévit'} + uinamnare (adinnatsat'] (vi) Bécemm [vésim'] + = népars [dyévit}] In this exercise, you take the role of a Ukrainian, Oksana. You live in Kiev, and, yes, you do speak Russian, but your English is pretty bad. You will need to use: Kung [ya zhivd] ‘a ronopio [ya gavarysi] UNIT2 27Key words and phrases exaxiire [skazhitye] yopac ecth...? [uvas yest’..2] Y TeGA ecrb...? (utibyd yest’. 4 y mens ecrs... [uminyd yest’ aéru [dyéti] a64Ka / 048 (déchka / doch] coin [sin] 6par [brat] ceerpa [sistré] umm [ii] aamyacem [z4muzhim] send [zhinat] aK er6 30891? [kak yiv6 zav kax e& sonfr? [kak yiy6 zavit? KTo BB No cnenmasbnocTH? {kto vi paspitsyal'nasti’ #/ oma mioxenép [ya / and inzhinéer] x / 04 cbusi6aior [ya / on fildlag] tell me do you have...? (formal or plural) do you have...? (to a child or friend) Thave.. children a daughter ason a brother asister or married (woman's form) married (man's form) what is his name? what is her name? what is your profession? T am/she is an engineer Tamy/he is a linguist rae Boi paGoraere? [gdye vi rab6taitye?] where do you work? a padéraio [ya rabétayu) bt pa6éraere [vi rabétaitye] Iwork you work on/ond paG6raer... [on/and rabstayit...] he/she works... na 3ap6xe [na zavédye] n uandrexserne [vizdatil'stvye] rae psi KuBére? [gdye vi zhivydtye?] a -xupg [ya zhivi] ananex6 or néurpa [dalik6 ot tséntra] rae aitece... [gdye zdyes’...] cranuna merp6? [stantsiya mitr6?] 5 OeHS 1L16x0 rovopro nlo-pfccKH {ya échin’ plokha gavaryd parisski} 8. T6.1bKO HeMHOrO POBOPIO.. {ya t6l’ka nimnéga gavaryi...] bi rowoprire H0-pycckH? {vi gavaritye pardsski?] aronopio.... [ya gavaryt...] no-aurmmitekn [pa-angléeski] no-«ppanngacKn [pafrants no-neméuxu [panimyétski ronopitre MéneHHo [gavaritye myédlinna] ki] in a factory in a publishing company where do you live? live far from the centre where around here is there... a subway station? I speak Russian very badly Tonly speak a little. do you speak Russian? German speak slowly ‘You'll find the numbers from 1 to 20 in the notes to dialogue 7. 28 UNIT2The Russian alphabet In this unit you will practice reading and writing the letters that you already know and you will learn five new ones. The transliteration should help with pronunciation, but let Andrei guide you. If you can glance over the alphabet even for just a few minutes every day, you'll find that apparently formidable letters soon become familiar. ‘The new letters are: * [2h as in vision, pleasure] a (d] " [ilee as in meet] w {ch} b (') ‘soft sign’ ‘This last letter doesn't have a sound on its own. Instead it makes the consonant before it ‘soft’. If this means nothing to you, listen to Andrei and try to follow the way he pronounces the following two words: Téroas [Gégol’] a famous writer rox [gol] a goal in sports Can you recognize the following cities and countries? KMEB MAIIPIIL AMCTEPILAM MMHCK EPEBAH HAMACK ABCTPHSL YKPAMHA HHOMA Which word is out of place in each horizontal list? (Answers on page 34.) BOJIKA BACKH ATA BHHO TEATP KHOCK KHHOTEATP == JIMCKOTEKA TEHHMC —-TAKCH CTAMOH MATS As in Unit 1, try writing out all the words above. A little geography with your Russian! The following lists of cities and countries have been jumbled up. Can you link up each city with its country? Only names with letters you haven't met are transliterated, (Answers on page 34.) (Kaew (a) Mendnms (Ispanya] Mocks (b) Aserpus (ii) Epesin (©) Apménust (iv) Mune (@) Yxpaiua (vy) Mapa (©) Pocenia (vi) Béna (0) Bexapyee (Byelaris'] UNIT2LO Look at the fotiowing pictures and then write out the name of the thing in the space provided. All the words are jumbled in the box below. (Answers on page 34.) AD ssctastacnsries i (i) rake — (ii) KMéex (iii) amexoréxa (iv) craanéu (v) Kunoredrp (vi) uk6ua 30: UNIT2i Grammar In Unit 1 you saw how words that describe a noun change. This is not all! The noun itself has different endings depending on its role in the sentence, or which preposition it follows. In this unit you will see different endings after [v] and a [na] meaning ‘in’, ‘at’, ‘on’. Before we look at these endings, a word of advice: you should be aware of these endings, but do not let them inhibit you. A wrong ending will rarely prevent you from being understood, and indeed when you listen to people speaking, you may not even be able to hear the ending. If you ask where something is re...? [gdye ....?], the answer is likel begin with the preposition w [v] or na [na]. There are rules as to when w is used, and when wa, but there are also a bewildering number of exceptions! Whichever preposition is used, the ending of the noun will change, normally ending in -e, to Bor Kien, A xuny w Kitese. [Vot Kiev. Ya zhivi fKievye] Here is Kiev. I live in Kiev. Bor Moca. 11 uBy 8 Mocksé. [Vot Maskva. Ya zhivt vMaskvyé] Here is Moscow. I live in Moscow. As you see, before some consonants is pronounced [f]. This is simply because it is impossible to pronounce it as [v]! Here is a list of people along with the cities they live in. Using the first sentence as an example, write down what the other people would say. (Answers on page 34.) Tana Mock sKMBY B MocKné (Tom Manuécrep Gi) Aw Bena (ii) Mapia = Maapaa (iv) Bixrop Epeniu (vy) Anna Munck. keoclieetpesaus none Sas 10 s“~ 10 UNIT2 3112 Can you answer the question next to each picture? The words are listed in the box below, but you'll need to change the endings. (Answers on page 34.) (i) rae Cons? (i) rae Hwan? (iii) rae Parva? WUE Biscirsminnersie (iv) rie Sapiea? pecropéu Gap_—sTearp —-yuumepewrér =—sacxoréxa 32. ~UNIT2Did you know? Russia Since the time of Peter the Great, Russian writers and intellectuals have debated Russia’s place in the world: is it part of Europe, part of Asia, or does it have a role peculiarly its own? We will not attempt to find an answer here, but it is easy to understand how the question might arise. The Russian Federation’s huge territory spans two continents, extending from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean, and from Murmansk in the far North to Irkutsk near the Chinese border. Russia's population in 1989 was 145 million. Some 80 per cent are Russians. These, like their neighbors the Ukrainians and Byelorussians, are Eastern Slavs. They trace their common roots to Kievan Rus’, which flourished and grew from about AD 900 to AD 1240. Kiev is now the capital of Ukraine, while Russia's capital is Moscow. There are also a large number of non-Slavic national minorities Russian Federation. Some of these have ‘autonomous republic’ or ‘autonomous region’ status. During the Soviet period (1917-1991), this autonomy remained largely on paper. With the break-up of the Soviet Union, calls for greater independence have been heard from many ethnic groups. jin the Russia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) ‘There has long been a tendency to treat these two terms as interchangeable. This is quite misleading. Within the Soviet Union the Russian Federal Republic (RSFSR) was the biggest of fifteen republics: the others were Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan and Kirgistan, After the failed coup of 1991, the Russian Federal Republic was among the first to declare independence from the Soviet Union and one of the most instrumental in bringing about the latter's demise. The fairly widespread assumption that the Russian Federation is the ‘heir apparent! to the Soviet regime has led to resentment in many of the other republics. Throughout the Soviet period the Russian language was spoken in all the republics. At one stage this was the language for ‘getting ahead’, and in many republics it was difficult to find a school which taught in the native language. While this has now changed, itis probable that Russian will remain a lingua franca in a large number of the republics. In an attempt to create a new 'Soviet man’, the Soviet authorities ‘encouraged people to settle in other republics. Under Stalin vast numbers of people, indeed whole nationalities, were sent into exile or forcibly resettled. Asa result, in all the republics of the former USSR there are a considerable number of Russians and other national minorities. While some have integrated fully, others have not and are increasingly expressing dissatisfaction with their status in the newly independent countries. UNIT2 33Cdn 6) 4 Practice what you have learned Alphabet Grammar Your turn to speak In the first exercise, you will be asking Aleksandr Nikolaevich some questions. You will be using: y Yy Bac ecTb..? [uvas yest” kak er6 30nfr? [kak yivé zavit?] This time you will be playing the role of Anna Sergeevna, a physicist who lives in Moscow and works in an institute, You will need the words: bits. [Fizik] a pa6érao [ya rabotayu] uueruryr [institat) a xub§ [ya zhivd] Answers Exercise 1 (i) true (ii) false (iii) false (has a son) (iv) true (y) false (Ira) Exercise2 (ib (ii)d (iii)¢ (iva Exercise3 (i)b (ii)¢ iii)d (iva Exercise 4 (i)c (ii)d (iii)b (iv)a (vye Exercise 5 (i)b (ii)e (iii)e (iv)a (v)d Exercise 6 (i) rpx [tri] (ii) 8a [dva] (iii) cem» [syem'] (iv) rpu [tri] (v) pa [dva] (vi) onvin [adin] Exercise 8 The out of place words are JATA, KAOCK, TAKCH. Exercise9 (id (ii)e (iii)e Gv) f (ya (vib Exercise 10 (a) iii (b)i (c)iv (d) vi (ii (Dv Exercise 11 (i) » Manuécrepe (ii) » Béne (iii) » Manprine (iv) p Epepane (v) p Mrinicxe Exercise 12 (i) 8 pecropane (ii) 8 Gépe (iii) 8 re&tpe (iv) B ynpepenTére (v) Ha aUcKOTéKe 34 UNIT2A hotel lobby ASKING FOR AND RECEING INFORMATION You will learn to check in at a hotel to ask if there is a room free and how much it will cost how to go about changing money some useful phrases when seeking information and you will read about travel to Russia = A i —— Aes Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogue 3: listen without the book Dialogue 3: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogue 4: listen without the book Dialogue 4: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases ing the Alphabet Read and practice wi Study the Grammar section carefully Read Di you know’ Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT3 356) 1 Tanya Receptionist Tanya Receptionist Tanya Receptionist Tanya 6) 2 Tanya Receptionist Tanya Receptionist Tanya Dialogues Tanya is checking in at her hotel upascreyitre. 3npancreyitre. JLns Mena 3a6pouriponan Hémep. Baia bamtiuins, noxdyiicra. Tlerpéna. Bor moii riacnopr. Craci6o. Onay munyrouxy... Bart HOMep Ha slecstto 9Taxxé, Bor Zdrastvuytye. Zardstvuytye. Diya minyé zabronfravan némir. Vésha familiya, pazhdlsta. Petréva. Vot moy pasport. Spastba, Adni minttachku... Vash n6mir na disyétam etazhé. Vot vésha vizitnaya kértachka. Spasiba. pda puaiiTHas KaprouKa. Cnrachi6o. ‘onny Munyrouxy (adni mindtachku] just a minute busitTHax Kaprouka [Vizitnaya kértachka] guest's card suit Mens 3a6pourpowan HOmep [dlya minyd zabronfravan némir] I have a room booked sor [vot] here (is) ~ the word to use when you're handing something over. Ha necéTom 9raxé [na disyétam etazhé] on the tenth floor. Other useful floors to know: ua népsom 9raxé [na pyérvam etazhé] on the first floor a Brop6M sraxé [na ftarém etazhé] on the second floor na Tpérbem yraxé [na tryétyem etazhé] on the third floor By the way, Russians do not talk about the ‘ground floor’, The first floor is the floor at ground level. enaciiGo [spastba] thank you Where can she get the key? Skazhitye, pazhdista, gdye mézhna paluchit’ klyuch? Ckaxcire, noxdaylicra, rie MO2KHO Tony 4fiTb KI104? Kiniou MOxkHo nonyuttrs Klyuch mézhna paluchit’ y ex YpHoli no stay). udizhtimy pa-etazhi, A rue y pac muepr? A gdye uvis leeft? Bor ciod, noxkdnyiiera, Vot syudé, pazhdlsta. Cnach6o. Spastba. Y aexKYpHon no 9raxF [udizhirny pa-etazhd] from the woman on duty on your floor ‘ciod [syudd] here, this way rae MéxkHO HonyaiTs KI04? [dye mézhna paluchit’ Klyuch?] where can I pick up the key? rue y Bac amepr? [gdye uvds leeft?] where is the elevator here? [uvés} is often used in Russian where other languages say ‘in your hotel, house, country, etc’. It also sounds less abrupt to ask re y nae...” [gdye uvds...?] than simply rae...? [gdye.. 36 UNIT3Practice what you have learned As before, read the instructions for each exercise before turning on the recording, ‘Three visitors to a hotel write their names on their luggage but forget to write which floor they are on. Listen to the recording and see whether you can fill in the missing numbers. (Answers on page 46.) On your recording you will hear our hotel guests asking where various places are. Write down the correct floor for each. You will find the possible floors listed in the box below. (Answers on page 46.) Where is your restaurant? (ma [na] ‘Where is the telephone? (ii) ma [na] ... ‘Where is the discotheque? (ii) a [na] .. na népnom 9raxwé [na pyérvam etazhé] na prop6m sraxé [na ftarém etazhé] na Tpérbem 9raxé [na tryétyem etazhé] UNIT3 (376) 3 Man Receptionist Man Receptionist Man Receptionist Man Receptionist Dialogues The man next to Tanya doesn't have a reservation Ckaxtire, noxkdnyficra, y nac ects Skazhitye, pazhélsta, uvés yest’ cBo66sHbIe HoMepd Ha cer6His? —_svabédniye namira na sivédnya? Bam nyxen HOMep Ha onHor6? —-Vam nizhin némir na adnavé? Her, Mue HY:keH HOmep Ha aporix. Nyet, mnye néizhin némir na dvayikh. Ha cxémbxo aneii? Na sk6l'ka dnyey? Ha 1pu aus. Natri dnya. Onny munytoury.... Ja, y Hac ects Adnd minttachku.... Da, unds yest’ HoMepA. namira. Ckaxxtite, noxkdnylicra, ck6bK0 — Skazhitye, pazhdlsta, sk6l'ka st6it créuT HOMep B CYTKH? némir fstitki? H6mep cT6ut cTo 1B4 aT Nomir stdit sto dvatsat’ déllaraf. a6iapon. To BAmMaTs AGanapos [sto dvétsat’ déllaraf] 120 dollars 'y Bac ECT cBoOGauBIe HoMepA? [uvds yest’ svabGdniye namira?] do you hhave any vacant rooms? na ceréuna [na sivédnya] for today. Ha [na] is often used to mean ‘for’, particularly with reservations. If the man had wanted a room for tomorrow he would have said wa a4mrpa [na zéftra]. Bam wf2keH HOMep Ha oxHoré? [vam niizhin némir na adnav6?] do you need a single room? (lit. a room for one person). The man wants a room wa spo. [na dvayikh] for two. For three would be wa Tpoitx [na trayikh]. a KOKO stHeH? [na sk6l'ka dnyey?] for how many days? In his reply the man says wa tpi awa [na tri dnya] for three days, using a quite different ending. Numbers make nouns do some very funny things! You say: a om sews [na adin dyen'] for one day a Ba (TpH, 4eTeipe) as [na dva (tri, chityrye) dnya] for two (three, four) days| a naTb (1mecTb, ..) mei [na pyat’ (shest’...) dnyey] for five (six, ...) days If this seems too much to remember, just say wa [na] with the number, and eave out the noun altogether! y wac ec Homepa [unds yest’ namiré] we have rooms. ¥ wac ects... (unds yest’..] means 'we have...” ‘cK6s1Ko CTOUT HOMep? [sk6I'ka st6it némir?] how much does a room cost? Begrkn [fsiitki] per day. Cre [stitki] is a 24-hour period. Coe Ta Te To ee oe x Te a] A eecrrsrenet for the hotel ‘Tourist’ 38 UNIT36) 6) Practice what you have learned 3 Anew reception clerk has completely mixed up some visitors' registration forms. Here they are in translation. After listening to the dialogues on your recording, see if you can spot and correct the mistakes. (Answers on page 46.) REGISTRATION FORM NAME: POSLOY NO. OF GUESTS REGISTRATION FORM NAME: LUZHIN NO. OF GUESTS NO. OF GUESTS 2 PEOPLE NO. OF NIGHTS: 7 NIGHTS 3 PEOPLE 1 PERSON NO. OF NIGHTS NO. OF NIGHTS 2 NIGHTS 1 NIGHT @ (ii), REGISTRATION REGISTRATION FORM FORM NAME: NAME: DOBRIN MASLOV. ae NO. OF GUESTS 3 PEOPLE NO. OF NIGHTS 3 NIGHTS ii) (iv) 4 This time you are a tourist seeking a hotel room. Andrei will give you instructions. UNIT 3 39)6) Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Dialogues Tanya has found the foreign currency exchange desk upaverayirre, Zardstvuytye. Supancrayirre. Zdrdstvuytye. MoxHo oOMeHsiTb BamOTY? Mézhna abminyst’ valyétu? la, noxkényiiera, A ato y Bac? Da, pazhéilsta, A sht6 uvas? bperrer Finty. Cké.abKo Bot Mensere? Sk6I'ka vi minyditye? Teamiars. Dvatsat’, Tlatire, noxkéyficra, pay Daitye, pazhalsta, véshu neKirapaiinio 4 A6HErH. diklardtsiyn i dyén'gi. Bor, noxkanyficra. Vot, pazhéista. Brech rata n6uNHce, HoxKdnyficra. Zdyes' vasha potpees’, pazhélsta. Tloxanyficra. Pazhéista. Bau agnor, noxAnyiicra Vashi dyén'gi, pazhélsta. Cnach6o. Spasiba. To cannéuns. Da svidénya. Tlo caunéuns. Da svidénya. aektapéuns. (diklardtsiya] official declaration of how much currency you bring into the country aéunen (dyén'gi] money (a plural noun) ro y ac? [shi6 uvas?] what have you got? The answer was ¢bywrss [finty) pounds. Most words denoting currencies are more obvious: n62apst [déllary] dollars, mépxu [mérki] marks, etc. ck6bK0 Bit Menéiere? [sk6l'ka vi minyditye?] how much are you changing? Conveniently, Tanya is changing an amount you know: apart [dvétsat'] 20, She might have asked for: pimars, [tritsat) 30 c6pox [sérak] 40 usreaectr [pit'disyét] 50 You will be pleased to hear that you now know all the numbers to 50, or 59 to be exact. For 21, 22, etc. you simply use the number for 20 and add one, two, three etc., i.e. asda oAmH, UBdINATS Ba, uedNATE TpH [dvatsat’ adin, dvatsat’ dva, dydtsat’ tri] And 59? No problem—narnnecir nésars [pit'disyat dyévit'] aditre, noxéayitera, ... [déitye, pazhdlsta, ...] give me please... antec néma néannes [zdyes' visha potpees'] your signature here 40 UNIT3Practice what you have learned ‘On your recording you will hear people exchanging currency at the exchange desk. Can you fill in the spaces on their receipts? (Answers on page 46.) x CURRENCY EXCHANGE FORM Amount oe CURRENCY EXCHANGE FORM Currency Amount s CURRENCY EXCHANGE FORM Amount 6 You are a tourist with pounds to change. Andrei will tell you what to ask for at the exchange desk. UNIT3 41Key words and phrases 21141 Menat 3a6poHponan HOMep Thave a room booked [dlya miny4 zabronfravan némir] Bor [vot] here (is) ‘enacé6o [spastba] thank you na népsom 9Taxé [na pyérvam etazhé] on the first (ground) floor a Brop6M stax [na ftar6m etazhé] _ on the second floor na Tpérbem sraxé [na tryétyem etazhé] on the third floor na ecséTom 9raxé [na disydtam etazhé] on the tenth floor rae y Bac (ame)? [gdye uvas (leeft)?| where is your (elevator)? rae Méxuo... [gdye mézhna...] noaysirs Kou? {paluchit’ klyuch?] oOmensrs panory? [abminyét’ valydtu?] Y Bac ecTb cpoGdHBIE HOMePi.. [uvds yest’ svabGdniye namird?...] na ceréaua? [na sivédnya?] ua a4mrpa? [na zéfira?] BaM Hien HOMep Ha onHOr6? [vam niizhin némir na adnavé?] na nBoix? {na dvayikh?| na Tpox? [na trayikh?} ue nyxxen... [mnye nizhin...] Ha cK6s16KO Hei? [na sk6l’ka dnyey?] ¢x6u1bKO CTOHT HOMep B CYTKH? [sk6l'ka st6it nomir fstitki?] Kak oH paGOraer? [kak on rabétayit?] ro y Bac? [sht6 uvas?] cKONBKO BbI Mensiere? [sk6lka vi minyéitye?] aditre, noxényitera, [déitye, pazhalsta, ...] amy neKapannto [vashu diklarétsiyu) aéusrn (dyén'gi] 42. UNIT3 where can one... get the key? change foreign currency? do you have any vacant rooms. for today? for tomorrow? do you need a single room? (a room) for two? (a room) for three? Ineed... for how many days? (see note on page 38) how much does a room cost per day? how (what hours) does it work? what do you have? how much are you changing? please give me... your declaration money6 The Russian alphabet In this unit you will learn five new letters. In total you have now met more than two thirds of the alphabet. Read the letters and the words below, then turn on the recording and listen to how Andrei pronounces them. ‘The letters are: 6 [bl a a 1 (pl 2 [e like the first e in edifice] it called ‘short 1. It sounds and behaves just like the y in boy, way, New York etc. One sees it very often in names: ‘Toncréit (Tolst6y), MoctoéseKxuit (Dostoévsky). Who's who and who's in the wrong place? (Answers on page 46.) MAJIEP YAHKOBCKMM = =BPAMC —_JIAPBHH. SJIBUC TIPECJIM = TOJICAMMOH = BUTII3. BOB JIMJIAH TJIATOH | MAKHABEJUIM BAHPOH APHCTOTEJIb HUKOJIAIL AJIEKCAHIIP = AJIBBEPT —BJIAJEAMMP After you have practiced these letters and the words above, see if you can work out the following crossword puzzle. If you have answered each question correctly, the beginning letters of each word read vertically will give you the name of a famous Russian ballerina. (Answers on page 46.) a slalolo = = Rolo ELE Clues A] [a You need this when traveling A place you might try if you have a headache or cold An alcoholic drink and probably your first Russian word Big Ben is in the center of this famous capital ‘A Scandinavian capital The French are famous drinkers of this alcoholic beverage The name of three Russian Tsars Noaueene New word awréxa [aptyéka] chemist UNIT3) 43Grammar The accusative case Some nouns have different endings in Russian when they become the direct object of a verb. Less abstractly, in the sentence ‘Ivan reads a book’, Ivan is the subject, he is doing the reading. The book is the direct object, itis being read. Itis important to be aware of these endings even if you don’t always remember to use them. In a language without set word order they can provide vital clues to help you understand who is doing what! In the dialogue, Tanya was asked for her currency declaration Iditre, noxkéayiiera, wémy eKrapénmo (Daitye, pazhdlsta, vashu diklardtsiyu) In the dictionary the word for ‘declaration’ would be written: eksiapauns [diklardtsiya). This is a feminine noun and it changes when it becomes the object of the verb naitre [daitye] give (me). Similarly, the word for foreign currency’ is feminine: samtora [valyiita], but Tanya asked: MOxKHO OOMeHsTs Bam‘oTy? [mézhna abminyat’ valytitu?] May I change some currency? Fortunately these are the only endings for the moment, Neuter nouns never change in the accusative case, nor do masculine nouns which refer to things. If Tanya had been asked for her passport, you would have heard: Maitre, noxaayiera, nam nécnopr [Déitye, pazhalsta, vash pasport] ‘Tanya was in the foreign currency shop of the hotel, and saw the following items which she wanted: moxonax, [shakalét] chocolate n6aKa [votka] vodka bun [vind] wine Kousix: [kanyak] cognac raséra [gazyéta] newspaper Marpéumka [matryéshka] matryéshka doll She asked for each of the above, beginning each time with naire, noxanyicra, ... [dditye, pazhilsta,...] give me please... . Can you write in the item with the correct endings? (Answers on page 46.) naire, noxdtyitera, @ [dsitye, pazhdlsta, (i) (iii) (iv) ) (vi) 44 UNIT3Did you know? Travel to Russia and the Soviet Union Up to the late 1980s the majority of foreign visitors came to the USSR on package tours arranged by the State organization Intourist. ‘There was relatively little choice since a visa was only issued on proof of accommodation and hotel rooms booked by individuals were classified as first class and priced accordingly. To the foreign traveler, the advantage of package tours was that they largely eliminated the problems with accommodation, transportation and general service which plague Russian travelers. The chief disadvantage was that most tourists, especially if they knew no Russian, saw little of the country. Indeed Intourist hotels were built to provide anything that a tourist (in their opinion!) might wish for: bars, restaurants, saunas, shops, etc. At the time of writing, much of the above is still applicable; none the less noticeable changes have taken place. It has become relatively easy to visit friends in Russia. Easy, that is, for those invited — there is considerable bureaucratic red tape at the Russian end! Visitors must live at the address written on their visa, and need to receive an official stamp in their passport. Intourist is also increasingly losing its monopoly as more enterprises open. Some of these offer package tours, while others offer accommodation in private homes or rented apartments and offices. HOTEL REGULATIONS = the guests card is a pass to the hotel: = the room key is available at the floor desk and is given by the, floor maid in exchange for your guest's card; — your visitors ‘can feceive a temporary pass to the hotel_at the pass bureau on Your request made througt the floor made and can stay in the hotel from 8 a.m. to it pom. — the Ttcor maid must be informed of the date of your departure two days in ad- vance; — long-distance phone calls must be paid within 24 hours: — When" departing, please, ask the floor aid for'a pass to your luggage, leave her the room key and your guests card. IT 1S STRICTLY FORBIDDEN: — to use electric heating devices in your room: — fo'feave guests in your room when you fare absent and to let anybody use your tract d tse the Sy Your FOCTUHNLIA belongings. You are kindly requwste observe the hotel regulations and fire safety A guest's card from Hotel ‘Moskva’, issued in 1990. The rules are no longer quite so stringent. UNIT3) 456) 10 Practice what you have learned Alphabet Grammar Your turn to speak You will be playing the role of Misha Ivanov, who is checking in at a hotel, and finding his bearings. As usual, read the following words and phrases and then tum on the recording, 4u1a Mews 3a6ponfiponan Homep [dlya minyé zabroniravan némir] enacti6o [spasiba] [gdye uvé Answers Exercise 1 (i) 2 (ii) 1 Giii) 10 Exercise 2 (i) na tpérem sraxxé [na tryétyem etazhé] (ii) a népaom araxxé [na pyérvam etazhé] (iii) Ha Bropém sraxé [na ftarém etazhé] Exercise 3 (i) 4 days (ii) for 2 people (iii) 6 days (iv) 4 days Exercise 5 (i) pounds, 35 (ii) dollars, 40 (iii) Deutschmarks, 50 Exercise 7 (i) JLépaun (ii) Biirns (iii) Baripou (iv) Ans6épr Exercise 8 riécnopr, anréka, Béuka, J6un0H, Ocs0, BHHO, Axtexcénup. The ballerina is Hannopa (i) woxonéa (ii) Bony (iii) BHH6 (iv) KonDsK (v) raséty (vi) Marpéunxy Exercise 9 46 UNIT3Sweet wrappers You will learn to find out what is available for a meal, or part of a meal to make your choice to ask advice about cafés and about recommended dishes to ask for a seat at a table to pay for your meal and you will be introduced to traditional Russian cuisine Pagina Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 3, 4: listen without the book Dialogues 3, 4: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 5-7: listen without the book Dialogues 57: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases Read and practice writing the Alphabet Study the Grammar section carefully Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Li n to all the dialogues once again straight through UNITS 476) Tanya Tamara Tanya Tamara Tanya Tamara Tanya Tamara Tanya Tamara Tanya Dialogues Tanya has stayed the night at a friend's Tamépa, aro y Hac ceréHa Ha —‘Taméra, a shto unds sivédnya na 24nTpak? zéftrak? Kana, GytepOpéiusi c KonGacdit Kasha, buterbrédy skalbas6y fimH ¢ cKIpOM. fli syram. Iai mie mpécto xme6 c Mécom. Dai mnye présta khlyep sméslam. Tloxkiinyiicta. Pazhdlsta. Crracti6o. Spasiba. xéuia [kasha] porridge npéero [prdsta] simply To y Hac cer6ana Ha 34pTpaK? (shto unds sivédnya na zéftrak?) what do we have for breakfast today? At appropriate times of the day Ha 34eTpak [na zAftrak] could be substituted by: a 0061, [na abyét] for lunch, the middle meal of the day na yaxnn_ (na tzhin] for dinner. Gyrep6pé,n1 [buterbrédy] sandwiches. One sandwich would be 6yTep6p6n [buterbrét}; e koGacéa [skalbas6y] with sausage, salami; ¢ ex1poM [syram] with cheese. ait me mpécro x.1e6 ¢ Macaom [dai mnye présta khlyep sméslam] give ‘me just bread and butter. Tanya is speaking to a friend, and therefore she says ‘aii (dai] rather than the formal naire [daitye). Mute [mnye] means 'to me’ and is used after verbs such as séitre [ditye] i.e. ‘give to me’, What about coffee? A Kérbe Tot GY seus? A kéfye ti biidish? Oi, c ynonésscranem. Oi, sudaval'stvyem. TeOé Yepubti fin ¢ MonOK6M? ‘Tibyé chémny fli smalak6m? C momoK6m, écs1n MOxKHO. Smalak6m, yésli mézhna, Toxkanyiicra. Pazhalsta. Cuach6o. Spasiba. oft [oi] oh Gen méxuo [yésli mézhna] if possible Kéche Tht Gynems? [kéfye ti budish?] will you have coffee? If you were on more formal terms with someone, you would be asked: Kécbe wbt Oynere? [k6fye vi biiditye?). You are also likely to be offered wait [chai] tea, which is always drunk without milk. ¢ ynonéaserauem [sudavél'styyem] with pleasure ‘re66 [tibyé] for you. This is the same kind of ending as me [mnye]. It is often used when offering or making a choice. Here the choice uépnbti Kéepe [chémy kéfye] black coffee or Ko¢be ¢ MoutoK6m_ [k6fye smalak6m], coffee with milk. Again if you use wbt [vi] with a person, the appropriate form here would be Bam [vam] instead of re66 [tibyé]. ¢ mos10K6m [smalakém] with milk. If you drink coffee with sugar, you'll ‘want to know: © c4xapom [sikharam] with sugar. 48 UNITSPractice what you have learned (Olga Ivanovna has a family ~ Marina, Vasily and their two children Natasha and Ira staying with her. Listen to their orders for breakfast and then decide whether the following statements are true or false. You'll notice that the children use aditre [déitye] when they speak to O'ga Ivanovna, an adult. (Answers on page 58.) Grocery packaging for sugar lumps (below) and ‘Hercules’ coarflakes (right) | / iielhide OP (i) Mama (ii) Papa (ii) Ira (iv) Of'ga Ivanovna 6) 6) 3 Vasily asks for porridge and black coffee. Natasha asks for salami sandwiches. Ira wants porridge with sugar. Marina wants coffee with milk and salami sandwiches. TEPKGAEG: OBCAHDIE XAONbA CROCOE nPAroTORREHUs, Y cracam oscmanx nonce Sanur iin’ etheanan von wit MONO ve sanity mp MOMELMBabna S28 MYT, "sotaban come w ches 2 Later on Natasha asks everyone what they would like to drink but becomes hopelessly confused. Listen to the recording and match the request with the person. (Answers on page 58.) (a) tea (b) coffee with milk and sugar (©) coffee with milk (@)_ black coffee Your name is Nina and you will be finding out from your brother what there is for breakfast, Andrei will prompt you. UNITS 496) 3 Natasha Serving lady Natasha Serving lady Dialogues Natasha drops into the company cafeteria for lunch H66poiii sex. Supancrayiire. Uro y pac ceréna Ha népsoe? Ecrs cyt rop6xonbiit c MscoM Ht cynt priGrintit c KapromenKoit. Débry dyen’. Zarastvuytye. Shto uv4s sivédnya na pyérvaye? Yest' sup garkhavy smydsam i sup ribny skartéshichkay. Natasha ro noi ue riopekomeriuyere? _Shto vi mnye parikamendilitye? Serving lady A Gxi bam lopekomenitondita cyn Ya bi vam parikamendavala sup psiOHbIH, MArKHT, HEH, ribny, myékhki, nyézhny, cOunbiit cyn, séchny sup. Natasha Xopou6. Criacii6o. Kharash6. Spasiba. Serving lady Tloxxaayiicra. Pazhéista. cyt ropéxonsiit ¢ mitcom [sup gardkhavy smydsam] pea soup with meat cy psiGnti c kapromeskom [sup ribny skartéshichkay] fish soup with potato » | «70 y sac ceréana na néppoe? [shto uvas sivédnya na pyérvaye?] What is there for the first course today? For other dishes, you would ask: ro y Bac cerduna... [shto uvés sivédnya...] na prop6e? [na ftardye?] for the second course? na Tpérse? [na tryétye?] for the third course? ua necépt? [na disyért?] for dessert? + | cxaproueuxom [skartéshichkay] with potatoes. The more common word for potatoes is Kaprounka [kartéshka] and ‘with potatoes’ ¢ KapTounkoit [skartéshkay]. 4 | 470 mp1 mae nopexomenagere? [shto vi mnye parikamendditye?] what would you recommend? 8 Obi Bam mopeKoMenoBaita... [ya bi vam parikamendavdla...] I would recommend... The lady uses a different form of the verb. Don't worry about learning this it's the question you will need. » | cym peiGnenit — marxuit, néacunuit, cOumsuit cym [sup ribny ~myakhki, nyézhny, séchny sup] fish soup — delicate, gentle, juicy soup. (These adjectives are not the most common words used to describe a soup!) You will find out more about how to use adjectives in Unit 6. 6) 4 Lyena Serving lady Lyena is next in line and asks about the second course Shto uvas na ftardye? Na ftardye? Riba atvarndya, befstréganof, mydsa tushénaye, bifshtéks shikam, zapikénka tvarézhnaya sa smitana Uro y pac Ha Bropée? Ha Bropée? PriGa orpapHis, Gerp- crpéranon, Maco TyINéHOe, Gucpurréke c YKOM, samleKanKa ‘TpopéakHasi co cMeTAHOII. Lyena _Jléitre mae, noxkényiicra, Guepurréxe. Déitye mnye, pazhalsta, bifshtéks. Serving lady Bucpurrékc ¢ s1ykom. A Kak6it Bifshtéks slikam. A kak6y gaméer rapHiip xeréere? zhildyitye? Lyena — Kaprocpembroe mopé. Kart6fil'naye pyuré. Serving lady oxxéntyficra. Pazhélsta. Lyena _ Bosiniée cnaci6o. Bal'shoye spasiba. Serving lady Tloxkéayiicra. PIpusiruoro annerira! Pazhalsta. Priydtnava appitital Lyena — Cracii6o. Spasiba. psi6a orpapnas: [riba atvarndya] poached fish Gech-erporanos [befstréganof] beef Stroganoff Méico Tymténoe [myésa tushénaye] stewed meat 50 UNIT4Gucpurréxc ¢ afxom [bifshtéks slikam] beefsteak with onion aamekduka Teop6xHas co eMeTAnoit [zapikénka tvarézhnaya sa smiténay] baked cottage cheese dish with sour cream Kaprécbesbuoe mopé [kart6fil'naye pyuré] mashed potatoes kax6ii rapuiip xendete? [kak6y gaméer zhildyitye?] what would you like with it? akenirs [zhildt'] can mean 'to desire’ and is not the most common verb in this context. You will more often hear Kak6it rapuip Bbi xoTHTe? [kak6y garnéer vi khatitye?], to which you could reply ‘a xoug...' [ya khacht...] I want... Gonbut6e cnachGo [bal'shéye spastba] thank you very much (or, literally, a big thank you) UpwérHoro annersrra! [priystnava appitita!] bon appetit! It is quite normal for Russians to say this whenever they see somebody eating. Practice what you have learned 4 oteg and Larisa find the following menu in a local cafeteria. See how much you can make out before looking at the transliterated version below. MEHIO TIEPBOE BTOPOE TAPHAP ropéxonpiit cyn Gecp-erp6ranon Kaprécpessuoe mopé pétGuniit cy Guchurréxe canir Goput ryssm panerpér MINYU . PYERVAYE FTAROYE GARNEER garkhavy sup befstréganof kartofil!naye pyuré ribny sup bifshtéks saldt borshch gulyash vinigryét 6) Listen to the recording and mark the correct box. (Answers on page 58.) (@_ The man serving recommends: (a) peiOnsnit cy [ribny sup] (b) ropéxonstit cym [garékhavy sup] () Gopmt {borshch } H ii) For her main course Larisa asks for: (a) ryasm_ [gulydsh] (b) Gucburréxe [bifshtéks) (c) Gecp-crpéranon [befstréganof] (iii) What does she want with her meal? (a) canar [saldt] (b) munerpér [vinigryét] (©) Kaprécbemnoe mopé [kartéfil'naye pyuré] :) J stittusing the same menu, this time i's your tum to order, Follow Andi instructions. UNITS 51.(ds Lyena Cashier Lyena Cashier Lyena Cashier Lyena » 62 6 Lyena Other customer Lyena Dialogues Lyena is now at the cashier's desk CkémbKo ¢ Mens? ‘Sk6I'ka sminyé? A.uro y pac? A sht6 uvas? Y mena Gucpurréxe c kaprocpemubim Uminyé bifshtéks skart6fil'nym mopé. pyuré. ‘Tpitauan Bocems Koriéek. Tritsat’ vésim' kapyéek. Bor, noxduylicra. Vot, pazhilsta. Cnacti6o. Spasfba. Toxkényficra. Pazhalsta. ‘ek6mbKo ¢ Mena? [sk6I'ka sminy&?] how much do I owe you? (lit. how much from me?'!) y wae [uvés}, y ment [uminyé]: It is difficult for a learner to know when to use y Men ects... [uminyé yest...] and when y mew [uminyd] by itself is enough. Ect [yest'] is used when out of the blue you inform somebody that you have something. It is omitted if you are simply describing what you have. If this sounds confusing, simply listen to whether it is used or not, and follow suit! ‘Tphauars Bocems Konéex [tritsat’ v6sim! kapyéck] 38 kopecks ‘A word of warming — from the beginning of 1992 the cost of living in Russia increased dramatically, making the prices quoted here and elsewhere quite outdated, Lyena has taken her tray and is looking for a seat Vispuniire, noxkényiicra, secs —_Izvinitye, pazhdlsta, zdyes’ cB066nH0? svabédna? Tla, canfrece, noxésyiicra. Da, sadityes', pazhalsta. Cnacti6o. Spasiba. canhrect [sadityes'] take a seat nec cBo66ano? [zdyes’ svab6dna?] is this place free? If it were not, the reply would probably have been net, auecb 34naT0 (nyet, zdyes’ zdnyata] no, it's taken. $2. UNIT4I dra Passerby Tra Passerby Ira doesn't have much luck finding a place to eat Mapnutire, noxdaylicra, rie 3ece Izvinitye, pazhilsta, edye zdyes’ MOxKHHO 6xicTpo ToobEnaTs? mézhna bistra paabyédat’? Baech noodénats? 3iecs Zdyes’ paabyédat"? Zdyes’ nlooGés1aTb 6ueHb TPY1HO. paabyédat’ chin’ tridna. M6xHo TénbKo BeiniTe wduky —- Mézhna t6’ka vypit’ chashku Kétpe B Kaché BOT pAi10M. kéfye fkafé vot ryédam. CriactiGo Gombinée. Spastba bal'shéye. Tloxkdnylicra. Pazhalsta, ‘TémBKo [t6Ika] only rae anech MONO OkicTpo HoobéAaTH? [gdye zdyes’ mézhna bistra paabyédat’?] where around here can one get a quick meal? The verb ‘to have lunch’ is formed from the noun for lunch — 066 [abyét]. If you wanted to find out where you could get breakfast — and not necessarily quickly! ~ you would leave out 6xierpo [bistra] (quickly) and ask: rae 3uech MxHo no3anrpakars? [gdye zdyes’ mézhna pazéftrakat’?] and dinner: rae secs MONO ofakHaTE? [gdye zdyes’ mézhna paizhinat’?} auect noobéraTs Guens Tp¥aNo [zdyes’ paabyédat’ Schin’ wridna] it is very difficult to get lunch around here BeimuTe adumky KGepe [vypit’ chashku k6fye] to have (lit. to drink) a cup of coffee. If Ira had wanted a coffee, she would have asked rae auech M6xKHO néinurs aéuuy K6cpe? [gdye zdyes' mézhna vypit’ chashku k6fye?] Bor pésiom [vot ryddam} just here, next door Miupor orxpurul ¢ nosnaaom et Seamaster 8 Recipe for an piles pas ont Ts. caestamn a i es nor ron acer ae eee a eee cena eee Bae Cae var ane ee ee i oe ee Now turn the page for the exercises based on these dialogues. UNIT4 53Practice what you have learned The price list below is in a sorry state. Listen to the recording and match each dish with its price. (Answers on page 58.) ()_cym ropéxonsiit ¢ mécom [sup garkhavy smy4sam} Gi) rysson [gulyash] (iii) Geep-erpéranos [befstréganof} (iv) Gnepurréxe © agxom [bifshtéks slikam) Of'ga Ivanovna's guests ask passers-by for advice about where they can ‘fortify themselves’ during a long day's excursion, Listen to their conversation and fill, in the missing words in Vasily's diary. You will find the answers out of order beneath the diary. (Answers on page 58.) (i) 3dmrpak [zéftrak) (ii) 066 [abyét) (iii) Sxwm [izhin] (iv) Kéebe [k6fye] (a) n pecropane wa Ocréxenxe [vrestorénye na Astézhinkye] (b) w xacbé pisxom [fkafé ryédam] (©) B kadhé na ApGaire [fkafé na Arbatye} (4) 8 pectopane 'IIpusirnoro anneréra’ [vrestorénye ‘Priyétnava appitita’] NB Russians will of course write rather than print, but then they already know the printed alphabet very well! For now, use the printed form when writing. t's time to pay for the meal you ordered in the previous exercises. Don't worry if you've forgotten what you had — Andrei will guide you. S4UNIT4Key words and phrases ro y ac ceréans Ha 346TpaK? [shto unds sivédnya na zéftrak?) wa 0661? (na abyét?| na yxun? [na tzhin?} 470 y Bac na néppoe? [shto uvds na pyérvaye?] na propée? (na ftarsye?] na Tpérse? [na tryétye?] ua necépr? [na disyért?} ait mae... (dai mnye...] irre mune... [dditye mnye...] xu1e6 ¢ macaom [khlyep sméslam] Gy TepGpéau1 c KonGaCéA [buterbrédy skalbas6y} GyTepOpéat c cKipom (buterbrédy sjram} uépusiit Kéepe [chémy k6tye] K6tbe ¢ MonoKom [kéfye smalakém] c ynon6ascranem [sudavol'stvyem] ‘TO BbI HOpeKomensyere? {shto vi parikamendditye?] cx6abKo ¢ Meni? [sk6l'ka sminy&?] ameck enodéano? [zdyes' svabédna?] rule 3necb M62KHO (GEICTPO)... [gdye zdyes’ mézhna (bistra)...] nosésrpakars? (pazéftrakat’?) noobéiars? [paabyédat’?] noyakunare? [patizhinat’?] BuINHTS HéuUKy K6dpe? (vypit’ chashku k6fye?] NpnarHoro annerira! {priyétnava appitita!] To understand k6che Tht OYnemb? [kéfye ti btidish?] Kédhe abt Ofnere? [kéfye vi biditye?] Kak6it rapuip Kendere? / xorire? (kak6y gamnéer a xoug... [ya khacht...] aueck HOGG ATE 6ueHs TPYIHO [zdyes' paabyédat’ Schin’ tridna} vyitye? / khatitye?] what do we have for breakfast today? for lunch? for dinner? what do you have for the first course? second course? third course? dessert? give me... (asking a friend or child) give me... (formal) bread and butter sandwiches with salami sandwiches with cheese black coffee coffee with milk with pleasure what would you recommend? how much do I owe you? is this place free? where can one (quickly)... have breakfast? have lunch? have dinner? have a cup of coffee? bon appetit! will you have coffee? (to a friend or child) will you have coffee? (more formal) what would you like with it? I would like... it's very difficult to get lunch here UNITS 55(3-t0 i The Russian alphabet The five letters we will look at in this unit are: mi [sh] é [yo]. This vowel is always in stressed position o 1 br Ly in bury — but this is approximate so listen to the recording] r {gin good] Can you match the following capital cities with their country? (Answers on page 58.) @ coona (a) HOPBErHA Gi) OHO (b) A@PAHHCTAH Gi) YBN () WATBAA (iv) KABYJI (@) BOJIPAPHA (v) MAHIAJIA ) ANTM (vi) OCIO () MPABM (vii) PAPA (2) OMJIMINTAHEI (a) Which of the following would you be unlikely to ear? (Answers on page 58.) (i) PBIBHBIMCYN == (ii) WIAIIJIBIK (iii) BMOMITEKC (iv) BAIKOTA (b) And who might feel a little out of place? () MOCTAKOBMY HATIOJIEOH (ii) IIYBEPT (iv) IPOKO@bEB Here are some signs you might want to look out for: () BYOET (i) KA®E (ii) PECTOPAH (iv) PPHJIb-BAP (vy) CTOMOBAS (cafeteria, canteen) (a) For which place might you need to make a reservation? ...... (b) Where could you go for a snack? .. (©) Where would you probably find grilled chicken? . (Answers on page 58.) A word of warming: r [g] is sometimes pronounced quite differently — as [v]. This happens for example in the word ceréaus [sivédnya] today. As a rule it happens with the combinations -oro [-ovo] or -ero [-yevo], but since there are exceptions even to this, be patient with such eccentricity and just try to remember the words in question. 56 UNIT412 Grammar ‘With’ Kécbe sépuiit fain ¢ monoK6m? [k6fye chémy fli smalakém?] Coffee black or with milk? C [s] is used before a noun to mean ‘with’ (in grammatical terms it is a preposition). In addition, however, the ending of the noun changes. Masculine and neuter nouns normally end in -om ({om] but pronounced [am] if not stressed). Hence 6yreppéne1 [buterbrédy] with esp [syr] becomes Gyrep6p6au1 ¢ cKpom [buterbrédy syram] ‘sandwiches with cheese’. And Kéche [k6fye] with moxox6 [malak6] becomes Kécbe c MosOKOM [k6fye smalak6m ‘coffee with milk’. Feminine nouns normally end in -oit ({oy) but pronounced ay] if not stressed). So Gy Tep6pésbs (buterbrédy] with KonOaecé [kalbas4] becomes Gyrep6pé.xm1 ¢ KoAOacéH [buterbrdy skalbas6y} ‘salami sandwiches’. The € [s] is normally pronounced as part of the next word. Four friends are perusing the menu in a cafeteria. Katya is ravenous, Kolya just a little hungry, Tanya is a vegetarian and Ira only wants something to drink. What might each order? MEHIO - BYTEPBPOJIbI CMETAHA [buterbrédy] (sandwiches) [smiténa] (sour cream) BHOUITEKC KOJIBACA [bifshtéks] (beefsteak) {kalbas4] (salami) BE®-CTPOPAHOB a1YK [befstréganof] (beef Stroganoff) [luk] (onion) 3ATIEKAHKA TBOPOXKHAA PHC [zapikénka tvarézhnaya] [rees] (rice) (baked cottage cheese dish) KOE [kéfye] (coffee) MOJIOKO [malak6] (milk) YEPHbIM KOOE CAXAP [chémy kéfye] (black coffee) [sékhar] (sugar) 4AM [chai] (tea) JIMMOH [limén] (lemon) Katya Kolya Tanya Ira UNITS 576) 2B Practise what you have learned Alphabet Did you know? | Traditional Russian cuisine is very rich. Much of it is fried and may then be served with dollops of sour cream. For breakfast your hotel or some of the cooperative cafés are likely to offer must [bliny] pancakes or coipHMKH [syiki] cottage cheese patties, possibly co emeranoit [so smiténay] with sour cream, If you prefer a lighter breakfast, there will probably be cbip [sy] cheese, koGacd [kalbasd] sausage, sima [yditsa] eggs, kéuta [kasha] porridge and xae6 [khlyep] bread. “épabiit xs1e6 [chérny khlyep] black bread is particularly tasty! ‘One should not, however, assume that this is how Russians normally eat. The above dishes are time-consuming to make, and more often than not some of the ingredients will be necbunérrHise [difitsitniye], i.e. unobtainable. Russians normally eat a large breakfast. What it consists of is to a large extent dependent on the time of the year, and what is available in the shops. Buckwheat, oats and semolina (all called xéuta (kasha) are common, though quite often breakfast is fried potato or vermicelli, with sausage or whatever meat is around. Breakfast is normally eaten at home. The number of cafés even in the larger cities is still not high, and not everyone can afford to wait in the long, lines which form even around street vendors selling mupoxkktt [pirashki] filled yeast buns, ice cream and other snacks. Your turn to speak You will be ordering breakfast in the hotel restaurant. Read the following phrases, then tum on your recording and let Andrei guide you. antec eB066.n0? [zdyes’ svabédna?) uo y Bac cer6unsa Ha 34BrpaK? [shto uvds sivédnya na zéftrak?] adiiTe, NOKATYHCTA, . [daitye, pazhdilsta, ...] ¢ ynonéancrnnem! (sudavél'stvyem!] Kéche ¢ Mon0K6m [k6fye smalakém] Answers Exercise 1 (i) false (coffee with milk) (ii) false (with cheese) (iii) false (salami sandwiches) (iv) true Exercise2 (ie (ii)a (iii)b (iv)d Exercise 4 (ib (ii)a (iii) b Exercise 6 (ie (ii)e (iii)d (iv)a (Wb Exercise7 (i) b (iia (iii)d (ivye Exercise9 (id (ie (iii) f (iv) (v)g (vida (vil) Exercise 10 (a) iv (b) ii Exercise HM (a) iii. (b)i, @iv 38 UNIT4You will learn to ask for stamps, postcards and newspapers to inquire how much things cost to buy tickets for the opera to shop for groceries to ask for something cheaper, or in another language, and you will find out about shopping in Russia TPOW3BOACTBEHHOE O6 BEAMHEHHE Sxcpepmeetramsanall KOMMTEpCKO Gynownait xoubuner “Seeman” ‘Spésmunuii Gymenap, 23 Topr "PACCBET” Macca 1,0 xr. Mex 2 py6. 80 Kon. ocr 18-10-72 Cpox ae 36 wac. — —— | Label froma pre-packed bool petstdin = pyettiarngee nn pags varietal itil OT Seuranitoaagenean eal weight, price, how long it eet rae will keep, and date of 52 SL Pedhegiag x. we, aurtaoo 000, | baking which hasn't been marked! Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 3, 4: listen without the book Dialogues 3, 4: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 5-8: listen without the book Dialogues 5-8: lisien, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases Read and practice writing the Alphabet ‘Study the Grammar section carefully Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNITS69 1 Lyena Assistant Lyena Assistant Lyena Assistant » Lyena Assistant Lyena Assistant Lyena Dialogues Lyena asks how much a stamp for a letter to England costs CkaokriTe, cK6mbKO cTOHT ToUTéBaN ~—Skazhitye, skéI’ka st6it pachtévaya Mapka JI ABMAKOHBEpTa B marka dlya aviakanvyérta Aur? vAngliyu? Tareuecst konéex. Pit'disyat kapyéek. Jlairre, noxényficra, Tpu Daitye, pazhdlsta, tri. Py6us nisrbnecsir ¢ Bac. Rubi’ pit'disyat svas. Cnacri6o. Spasiba. Tloxkdnyficra. Pazhélsta. cKObKO CTONT NOWT6BAs MApKa 1.18 aBHakonBépra B Anramo? {[sk6r'ka st6it pacht6vaya mérka dlya aviakanvyérta vAngliyu?] how much does an airmail stamp to England cost? CKéabKo cr6ur...? [sk6l'ka st6it...2] how much does... cost? can be used whenever you want to know a price. And if you don't know the word, you can always point and ask ex6stbko 50 crowr? [sk6l’ka éta st6it?] how much does that cost? Incidentally the word nowrésas [pachtovaya] postage can be left out. What other kind of stamps would you be buying in a post office? s Auramo [vAngliyu] to England. For other countries you would say: Pepmanmto [vGerméniyu] to Germany » Amépuxy [vAmériku] to America no @pasnmno [va Frantsiyu] to France 8 Kasaxcram [fKazakhstan] to Kazakhstan You can find out why these endings are used on page 105. py6aw nscrbsecsr [rubl' pit'disyét] one ruble fifty [svas...] that will be... (it. ‘from you...'). This could be the answer to ion ck6stBKo ¢ Mena? [sk6I'ka sminya?] how much will that be? Lyena also needs some postcards Ckaxtire, y pac ects orkptirk —_Skazhitye, uvds yest’ atkritki ¢ Briam Mocks? svidami Maskvy? Ja, noxxanyiicra. BiGupaitre, sot Da, pazhdilsta. Vybirditye, vot HECKONBKO BIIOB. nyéskal'ka vidaf. Maitre, noxdnyiicra, Bot Sty © Daitye, pazhdlsta, vot étu svidam Bijiom Kpemus. Krimlyé. ‘Sro Cnécckas G4una Kpemns. Eta Spasskaya bashnya Krimly4. Mlectt Koniéex ¢ Bac. Shest' kapyéek svas. Tloxkanyiicra. Pazhdlsta. puiOupaitre [vybirditye] choose Cnacexas Gamma Kpemas [Spasskaya béshnya Krimlyé] Savior tower in the Kremlin orpérrkm [atkritki] postcards. A single postcard would be orxpsrrKa {atkritka). ¢ Baamu Mocksxi [svidami Maskvy] with views of Moscow. This ending -amu_ [ami] is used for most nouns in the plural after ¢ meaning ‘with’. 60 UNITSBor HécKosbKo BinoB [vot nyéskal'ka vidaf] here are several views Sty ¢ phtom Kpemasi (étu svidam Krimly4] this one with the view of the Kremlin, Even in such telegraphic speech, the word for ‘this’ Sry (étu] still has to be feminine like the noun it refers to. If Lyena wanted an envelope — Konnépr [kanvyért], a masculine noun — she would ask: naitre Bor Stor [daitye vot état). Practice what you have learned T Listen to the recording and then see if you can work out how much each customer spends in the post office. A little arithmetic is required! (Answers on page 72.) (i) first customer (stamps to Kiev) (ii) second customer (postcards) (iii) third customer (posteard and stamps) (iv) fourth customer (stamps to Germany) 2 onthe postcards below, two vital details are missing: the name of the city from which they have been written and the name of the country to which they are being sent. Listen to the transactions in the post office and then fill in the gaps. (Answers on page 72.) i) This is the To: Fecherskaya monastery From: Gi) & This is the To: ‘Bronze Gi) Horseman’ From: This is the To: monument to Pushkin From: UNITSDialogues 6) 3 Tanya has dropped into the hotel kiosk for a paper Tanya Y nac ects Mocxéackue HépocTH? Uvas yest’ Maskofskiye névosti? Assistant wac ects Mockéackne HOsocrn Unis yest' Maskofskiye névosti Ha aHruihifickoM #3biKé. na angléeskam yizikyé. Tanya A wa pycckom? Ana risskam? Assistant Ha p§cckom Her. Na risskam nyet. Tanya Hy Tord nafire wa anrnffickom, — Nu tagdé daitye na angléeskam, nloxkdutyiicra. pazhalsta. Assistant Tloxkényiiera, Bor raxéra. Pazhdilsta. Vot gazyéta. Tanya — Cnaci6o. Spasiba. ‘Torna [tagdd] then, in that case raséra [gazyéta] newspaper | Mocxénexne nénocrn (Maskéfskiye ndvosti] Moscow News is a high-quality weekly newspaper published in several languages. At the time of recording, it was often more difficult to obtain a copy in Russian than in English, French or Greek! | na anrnfitcxom xapixé [na angléeskam yizikyé] in the English language. Tanya wants it in Russian, so asks wa pfcckom wer? (na risskam nyet?] you don't have it in Russian? (The word for ‘language’ is understood.) You could also ask for Moscow News in the following languages: ua dpanuyackom s3biké [na frantstiskam yizikyé] in French ma menduckom #361K6 [na ispdnskam yizikyé] in Spanish a apaOcko sabiKé [na ardpskam yizikyé) in Arabic Or if you want any newspaper, in German for example: Y pac ecrs raxérbi wa HeMéuxoM sabIK6? [uvds yest’ gazyéty na nimyétskam yizikyé?] do you have any papers in German? (More about plurals on page 70.) 6) 4 Still in the hotel, Tanya wants to buy tickets to the Bolshoi Theater Tanya 3upanernyitre. Zardstvuytye. Assistant 3péncrayitre. Zarastvuytye. Tanya —Y sac ects Ounérst 8 Bombindii tedrp? Uvas yest’ bilyéty vBal'shéy tedtr? Assistant A 40 Bac uHTepecyer? A shto vas interistiyit? Tanya — Tloxkéayit, étrepa. Pazhéluy, 6pera. Assistant Onepa... Korna? Opera... Kagd4? Tanya Ecat M6xHo, Ha s4nrpa. Yésli mézhna, na zéftra Assistant 34ptpa unér érepa Piimckoro- ZAftra idyét 6pera Rimskava- Képeakona Crerypouxa. Korsakava Snigirachka. Tanya Ovex» xopomd. Ochin’ kharashé. Assistant A ck6nbKO BaM Ow16T0B? A sk6l'ka vam bilyétaf? Tanya Ina. Dva. Assistant Ceitudc. Ecrb 18a 6unéra. Onvin Sichds. Yest' dva bilyéta. Adin Ounér créur aedauaTs TPH bilyét stdit dvatsat’ tri déllara. aiGritapa. Tanya Tloxanyiicra... JIpa. Pazhilsta... Dva. Assistant Cuan, noxkényficra, uersipe Sdéchi, pazhalsta, chityrye déllara, u6surapa, Tanya CnaciiGo. Spastba. Assistant Tloxanyticta. Pazhalsta. ro nac witrepecfer? [shto vas interisGyit?] what would you be interested in? noxéayit, 6nepa [pazhiluy, pera] perhaps opera Guens xopoms [6chin' kharash6] very good 62 UNITSOuaérut B Bonbmdi Tedrp [bilyéty vBal’shy tedtr] tickets to the Bolshoi Theater. To ask about tickets for the movies, you would also use # [Vv]: Gusiérei B kn6 [bilyéty fkind] but if you are talking about the performance itself, use na [na]: Gunérsi na éuepy [bilyéty na éperu] tickets for the opera Guxéres wa Ganér [bilyéty na balyét] tickets for the ballet. Kors? [kagda?] when? Tanya wants tickets for tomorrow Ha 3aprpa [na z4ftra]. For today would be wa ceréanst (na sivédnya]. uaér 6nepa PamcKoro-Képcaxona Cuerypouxa (idy6t Spera Rimskava-Kérsakava Snigiirachka] Rimsky-Korsakov's opera The Snow Maiden is on. To find out what is on you would ask "ro uaér...?.[shto idyot. ¢K6:15KO BaM GuséToB? [sk6l’ka vam bilyétaf?] how many tickets would you like? The answer is sa 6uxéra [dva bilyéta] two tickets. There is an explanation of numbers and their quirks on page 93. cadun sersipe a6axapa [sdéchi chityrye déllara] four dollars change, At the time of recording, tickets to the Bolshoi Theater were virtually impossible to obtain for rubles. Practice what you have learned ..) DG iaas feeeidinng you wll hear woe hotel plies skins for newspapers and books in various languages. Listen, then decide whether the following statements are true or false. (Answers on page 72.) (Moscow News is available in Russian and French (ii) You can buy Anna Karenina in English and Russian (iii) Chekhov's works are only available in German and French (iv) Pushkin’s works are available in German ) 4 ~The lady selling theatre tickets has developed an efficient system for recording tickets. Listen to your recording and fill in the number of tickets under the right day. (Answers on page 72.) (a) ceréana (b) saerpa (i) Oanér Kusén : | e (ii) énepa Bépan énepa Pamexoro-Képeakona (iv) Ganér Poméo w JDKyaérta , ) 5 Youswantito ty two tickets tthe Bolshoi, preferably to the opera. Read the program below, then let Andrei guide you. Cuter fpouxa Pamcxoro-Képcakona Poméo w JDKyanérra lpoxécpiena Bopiic Ponynon Mycoprekoro .. (6nepa) UNITS 63Cs Olya Assistant Olya Assistant Olya Assistant Olya Assistant Olya Assistant 6) 6 Olya Cashier Olya Cashier Olya Dialogues Olya is buying some groceries Monoxé ects? Malaké yest’? Yrpom 6x10, yaxé Her. Utram byla, uzhé nyet. A Mico? A misla? Macro ects. Masla yest’. A ckémbko eréur Maco? A sk6'ka st6it mésla? Tri pit'disyat kilagrémm. Dvyésti gramm, pazhéista. Platitye fkdssu syém'disyat Tpu nsrrbaecsir kHLIOrpaMM. Tiwécr rpann, toskésyiicra. Thiarfire p kdecy céwaecat Konéex. kapyéek. nacho. Spasiba. Tloxkdayiicra, Pazhalsta. pom [iitram] in the morning Méeno [mésla] butter Mos10x6 ect? [malak6 yest’ is there any milk? A telegraphic version of {Bac ECT MOI0KG? [uvs yest’ malak6?] do you have milk? tpom Guin, yaxé wer [sitram byla, uzhé nyet] there was this morning, it's already gone ‘TpH naTbnecT KHuIOrpAMM tri pitdisyét kilagrémm] three rubles fifty a kilogram. The words for rubles and kopecks are often left out, especially in shops. aunéeru rpamim [dvyésti gramm] 200 grams, One often asks also for half a kilogram — noaxux6 [palkil6] naaritre 8 xéecy [platitye fkéssu} pay at the cash desk. You will find an explanation of the procedure in Did you know? cémsuecat xonéex [syém'disyat kapyéek] 70 copecks. The numbers 60, 70 and 80 follow the same pattern as narbnecér [pit disyt] (50). Thus: mectoteci [shist'disyét] 60 cémauecar [syém'disyat] 70 nécembuecat [vésimdisyat] 80. 90 and 100 break this pattern: aensnécro [divyandsta] 90 ero [sto] 100 Olya goes to the cashier Cémpnecat konéek, noxkéyiicra. Syémdisyat kapyéek, pazhdlsta. Kak6it ornén? Kakéy atdyé!? Monéuniiit. Maléchny. Toxkéuyiicra. Pazhalsta. Crracii6o. Spastba, Kax6it oré1? [kak6y atdyé!?] which section? Olya replies Mon6unbit [maléchny} milk or dairy products section. However, always look for a number ~ more often than not, you'll be able to say népsbit [pyérvy] first, srop6i [ftardy] second, rpérmi [tryétyi] third, etc. 64 UNITS7 Olya Assistant Olya Assistant (2 8 Tamara Trader Tamara Trader Tamara Trader ‘And then back to the counter for her purchase Tloxkdnyiicra, eK. Pazhalsta, chek. Toxdayiicra, mécs0. Pazhalsta, masla. nacho. Spasiba. Tloxkényficra. Pazhalsta. ek [chek] the receipt you hand over at the counter in order to receive your purchase You will have noticed how few words were used in the above dialogues. This is quite normal, and very convenient for learners! Tamara is at the market and wants some tomatoes Ckaxiite, noxéylicra, cKGmbKO —-Skazhitye, pazhalsta, skél’ka cT6srT ToMHA6pHt? st6yat pamidéry? Tpu pyon4. ‘Tri rublya. Ckaxzire, a noneméaze Het? Skazhitye, a padishévlye nyet? Ecré 10 sina. Yest’ pa dva. Xopoms. Ikditre me, noakéuylicra, Kharashé, Déitye mnye, pazhalsta, KulorpaMM 116 s1Ba py6n4. kilagrmm p6 dva rublya. Ikea py6ns. Dva rublya. nommx6ph1 [pamidéry] tomatoes. A single tomato is nommaép [pamidér] Ckénbko créaT nomuadps1? [skél'ka st6yat pamidéry?] how much do the tomatoes cost? The ending of the verb eréar [stdyat] has changed because itrefers to a noun in the plural. It's not a major point since you can scarcely hear the difference. ‘Tpu pyOx4 [tri rubly4] 3 rubles. Numbers make any noun change. As well aS Tp py6na [tri rublys], you have seen rpm awa [tri dnya] three days and ‘pu a6anapa [tri déllara]. You will find more details on page 93. nosemésne wer? [padishévlye nyet?] are there none a little cheaper? Other useful comparative forms: noG6.bue [pabsl'she] a bit bigger or a bit more tioménbme [pamyén'she] a bit smaller or a bit less. But when you are buying fruit, vegetables etc., use: nioxpynuée [pakrupnyéye] a bit bigger nomésnue [pamyél'che] a bit smaller. no ana [pa dva or pé dva] for two (rubles) Now turn over for the exercises based on these dialogues. UNITS 65Practice what you have learned a 6 inthe pictures below the names of the items have been omitted. If you listen to your recording, you will discover what they are. (Answers on page 72.) © @ 3 pyOus 70 Konéex Kr. 2 py6ai 70 Konéex Kr. 6) 7 ‘The man selling tomatoes in the market was having quite a morning. One after another his customers made extra requests, until he was forced to make alist. But has he taken down all the requests correctly? Listen to your recording and pick out his mistakes. (Answers on page 72.) (@ Istman 2 kilograms, smaller size tomatoes Gi) Ist woman 1 kilogram, cheaper (2.50) Gili) 2nd man 3 kilograms, larger size (iv) 2nd woman 2 kilograms at 2 rubles 6) 8 You are buying some vegetables for dinner. And money is an object! Andrei will guide you. 66 UNITSKey words and phrases To use cx6s1bKO CTOHT... [Sk6I ka Stéit...] Mapka JUL asnaKonnépra [mérka dlya aviakanvyérta] ps Auramo? [vAngliyu?] Macao? [mésla?] Moxox6? [malak6?] KOKO CTOsT.... [sk6I'ka st6yat...] nomunéper? [pamidéry?] OTKpKITKH c RitaaMH Mocknst? [atkritki svidami Maskvy?] nditre Bor Sty ¢ pixtom Kpemast [dgitye vot étu svidam Krimlyé] Sror [état] va pfeckom sabié [na risskam yizikyé} na anrafiicKom #361Ké {na angléeskam yizikyé] Gaxérst n Bonmoa TedTp [bilyéty vBal'sh6y tedtr] BKuHO [fkind] na énepy [na peru] Onaéro1 Ha cero [bilyéty na sivédnya] Ha 34eTpa (na z4ftra] nioemténae net? [padishévlye nyet?] noG6arbine [pabél'she] noxpynuée [pakrupnyéye] noméntie [pamyén'she] nioménpye [pamyél'che] KHtorpamM no s1Ba py6.r4 {kilagramm pa dva rubly4] To understand Bac... [svas...] nar énepa... [idy6t 6pera...] ¢K6.1bKO BaM Gus1éTOB? [sk6I'ka vam bilyétaf?] ‘oui py6xe [adin rubl') 2,3,4 pyons [2, 3, 4 rublyd] 5, 6... pyOnén [5, 6... rublyéy] ong a6sutap [adin déllar} 2,3,4 a6anapa (2, 3,4 d6llara] $,6... n6napon [5, 6... déllaraf] naarivte B Kéccy [platitye fkassu] Kak6it ornén? [kakéy atdyél?] how much is... a stamp for an airmail envelope to England? butter? milk? how much are... the tomatoes? postcards with views of Moscow? give me this one with the view of the Kremlin this one (referring to a masculine noun) in the Russian language in the English language tickets to the Bolshoi theater to the movies to the opera tickets for today for tomorrow you don't have any cheaper? a bit bigger, a bit more abit bigger (fruit, etc.) abit smaller, a bit less a bit smaller (fruit, etc.) a kilogram at 2 rubles that will be... the opera... is on how many tickets do you need? one ruble 2, 3, 4 rubles 5,6... rubles one dollar 2, 3,4 dollars 5,6... dollars pay at the cash desk which section? UNITS 67The Russian alphabet Congratulations! When you have studied the five letters below, you will have completed your introduction to the Russian alphabet. Do not worry if you still find it difficult ~ and slow! — to read in Russian. Remember how hard it was at the beginning ~ you have come a long way since then! So the last five letters are: 0 [yu] 4 Its] mt [shch] x [kh this is pronounced ch as in Scottish lock] . ‘hard sign’. This letter has almost disappeared in modern Russian, Once you have made sure that it is a hard sign (i.e. that it has a little squiggle at the top!) we recommend that you ignore it~ the effect it has on how a word sounds is very slight. A few small but crucial words: BXOJI (entrance) BBIXOJI (exit) IEHTP MEHIO ‘The following people played a role in Russian history: XPYMEB TPOUKMM WAPbHMKOJIAM IT EJIIMH And a role in Russian literature: AHHA AXMATOBA = MAPMIHA IIBETAEBA MHXAMUI BYJIPAKOB 68 UNITSHere are some of the posters you might see around theaters and cinemas in Russia. Do you know the works advertised? Teatp Ha Taranke ceroana Wier: Micoorecit BOPHC rOYHOB Gon 3aBTpa POMEO H JIXKK YJIBETTA (Ganer) Tpoxopren Bompuuoii tearp cerowiHa HET: Pumcknii-Kopcakos CHET YPOUKA (onepa) 3aBTpa: UYafikoscKnit EBTEHHH OHET HH (onepa) Kunorearp 'Poccns’ ¢pusibm ceronna Anapeit Tapxoncxui ~AHJIPEM PYBJIEB UNITS 69Milk and tea packaging Grammar Plural of nouns Most of the nouns you have met so far in the plural have the ending -s (sometimes spelled -n). This applies to both masculine and feminine nouns. Thus: niomua6p [pamidér] tomato nomma6ps1 [pamidéry] tomatoes raséra [gazyéta] newspaper —_rasére1 [gazyéty] newspapers ; normally end Neuter nouns, those nouns which end in -0 or -e in the singula in -a or -# in the plural. For example: nucbMé {pis'm6] letter nitebma_{pis'ma] letters uunérse [plitye] dress nxérist [platya] dresses ‘There are of course exceptions to the above, but any irregularities will be noted in a dictionary. We will point out important ones along the way. Complete the sentences below putting the noun in round brackets into the plural. (Answers on page 72.) GY wae Ce nn € KONGACHH? — (GyTepSpbu1) (ii) Cx6m»Ko créaT jaa apnanucema B Aura? — (MpKa) (ii) Uno y pac? Y¥ mena... (bys) Gi) Y wae C88 oon B Boma Tearp? — (Gunér) (v) Ynac ects Ha HeMéllkOM aabIKé? —_(raéra) (vi) Cx6nnKo crésr .. (wanuiaprint) (Vii) CKONBKO CTORT cosecsessnee 2 (TitdTBe) 70 UNITSDid you know? The majority of visitors to the Russian Federation shop exclusively in "Beryozka' shops, and at kiosks in their hotels. These shops accept only foreign currency, travelers’ checks and credit cards. As you might expect, they stock the souvenirs traditionally popular among tourists: dolls, varnished boxes, vodka, caviare and, inevitably, fur hats. They also, however, have other items ~ foodstuffs, cosmetics, technical equipment etc. ~ which are not available for rubles. This strange situation has led, amongst other things, to a flourishing - and nasty ~ black market in foreign currency. Such shops are convenient but since you are learning Russian, it seems safe to assume that you would like to see something of the life led by ordinary people in the Russian Federation, and, of course, practice your Russian! In this unit we have talked only about government-owned shops, leaving markets and the new cooperatives to Unit 6. As you saw when Olya was buying groceries, there are at least two, sometimes three steps to making a purchase in a Russian shop. First you have what you want weighed and priced, then you pay the cashier, then finally you return to the counter with your receipt and take your purchase. Experienced shoppers, if they are sure that the product is available and that it won't have run out before they reach the front of the line, will generally dispense with the first step. This rather cumbersome system has not created the chronic problems of shortages and lines, but it certainly increases the already considerable amount of time people spend each day doing shopping. UNITS = 716) 10 Practice what you have learned Grammar Your turn to speak In the final exercise on your recording, you will be playing the role of a tourist in Moscow. You will need to use the following words and phrases: ck6a1bK0 cr6uT...? [sk6lka st6it...?] aditre, noxéayiicra, ... [déitye, pazhalsta, ...] a aurmiiickom aapiKé [na angléeskam yizikyé] onium xuxorpamm [adin kilagrémm] net noneménne? [nyet padishévlye?} népenkn [pyérsiki] peaches Manjapint [mandariny] mandarins nomuadpst [pamidéry] tomatoes Answers Exercise 1 (i) 30 kon. (ii) 15 kom, (iii) 110 (= Ip. 10 kon.) (iv) 35 Kon. Exercise 2 (i) England; Kiev (ii) France; St Petersburg (iii) New York; Moscow Exercise 3 (i) false (only French) (ii) true (iii) false (English also) (iv) false (only Russian) Exercise 4 (i) a,3 (ii) b,1 (iii) a,2. (iv) b,3 Exercise 6 (a) xme6 (b) cmerdua (c) mécno (d) cup Exercise 7 (i) bigger (ii) 2kg (iii) 1kg (iv) Lkg Exercise 9 (i) GyrepOpéuni (ii) Mapu (iii) bynTer (iv) GuTéret (v) rasérot (vi) Marmapaues (vii) madris 72 UNITSYou will learn more about making purchases how to select what you want to ask for medicine in a pharmacy a few useful phrases to use in line and more about shops and markets in Russia Before you begin From now on the dialogues and notes will be only in the Cyrillic script. You will probably need to go more slowly at first, and do read over the first five units if some of the letters seem unfamiliar. It is well worth the time! Remember that Russian spelling does not always reflect pronunciation, This won't be a problem if you listen carefully to the dialogues and particularly to Andrei’s advice. Study guide jisten without the book Dialogues 1, Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 3-5: listen without the book Dialogues 3-5: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 6, 7: listen without the book jogues 6, 7: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT6 73,(9 4 Tamara Assistant Tamara Assistant Tamara Assistant (9 2 Tamara Assistant Tamara Assistant Tamara Assistant Tamara Assistant Tamara Dialogues Tamara wants to buy a ‘matryoshka’ doll, but the price deters her Cxaxatre, noxdayiicra, y Bac ect Marpéunky? Y Hac ect, Ho onft GueHb noporiie. A ck6ubko créur Marpéuka? Cro snaanars py6néi. Oit, 5r0 6ueH® n6poro. A y Hac crs ¥T6-HHGys1b noseMéBne? Ecre. Y Hac ect ntarkti. owt they Marpéuikn (singular: marpéuxa) traditional wooden dolls which open up to reveal another doll, and then another. omit 6uew» noporie they're very expensive. You will find an explanation of adjectives and their endings in the grammar section. cro apamars 120. Three-digit numbers are also formed by simply adding the different parts. $10 6uens a6poro that is very expensive. If you want to say that it's nor very expensive, just use we: $ro ne (6ueHb) 6poro Y bac ecrb 4T6-HUGymt HoseMIéne? do you have anything cheaper? Ir6- HMGyas means ‘anything’. If you wanted something smaller, you would ask for 4r6-un6yith Homénbune, and something larger, 476-HNOY 1b NOGOABIE. naarKit scarves (singular: naar6x). Here are a few other items of clothing you might be interested in: Guyaxa blouse YoOKa skirt mutdirbe dress réaeryk tie GpioKH trousers (pants) _pyGaimnxa shirt So can she see the scarves? Tharksi? A noxaxtire, noxkdayficra, A pam kak6ro 1BéTa HYKHO? Tloxaakiire, kaktie y nac ects. Y nac ects cline it pésopnie. Xopoud. CkébKo cT6xtT porns nmaT6K? P6sopbiti créuT Ha céMbstecstT. Jina cémbsecs. Xopouid, # kyr posowbsit rutar6K. Tord upofiaire & kaccy sannaritre. Xopomd, cnaciiGo. xopomté good, all right ‘Torna mpoituire B Kacey M3amtarire then go to the cashier and pay noKaxkirre, noxasyiicra show (me) please. This request is especially useful since in most shops in Russia goods are behind the counter. Bam Kaxéro néra ny~xHo? what color would you like? (lit. do you need?). Here are the colors mentioned in the dialogue and a few others: pésonbii pink Géabii white caunit dark blue sépapiit black Kpacusuit red senéubiit green 74‘ UNIT6Another question you will often be asked is nam Kax6ro pasMépa HYkH0? what size do you need? If you're not sure of the precise size, you can approximate with one of the following: Gomsmdit big epésunit average Mésnenpxait small Toxaxxitre, kaxtie y pac ect show (me) the ones you've got. Without the first word this could have been a question: Kakiie y Bac ecrs? what ones do you have? ai xynuno... I will buy... Practice what you have learned Read the following statements about some shoppers’ purchases, then listen to your recording and find the one incorrect detail in each. (Answers on page 84.) (i) Nina doesn't want to pay 35 rubles for a blouse so she decides to buy a scarf for 7 rubles. (ii) Vietor thinks that 6.70 is a reasonable price for a tic and asks to see the blue ones. (iii) Yura thinks that he can afford 125 rubles for a pair of trousers and asks the shop assistant to show him some black ones. You are in Moscow buying a present for a woman friend. Good friend though she is, you can't afford to spend too much. Listen to Andrei's prompts. A well-known music shop in Moscow UNIT6 75CPs Anna Sergeevna Woman Anna Sergeevna Woman Anna Sergeevna Woman Anna Sergeevna Woman Anna Sergeevna Woman Anna Sergeevna Woman ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ » 6) 4 Masha Person in line Masha ’ ’ Dialogues Anna Sergeevna sees a woman selling flowers outside the subway Ckaxxrire, novém upersi? Tiea cémpsecar Gykér. Hs cemti nérouex pos. Post caékue, KpactiBbie, ayuiniersie. Caéoxne? Iyunicrsie, cnéxxne. Tloxduylicra, me oui. Her, Het, upyr6i... Bor Stor, Bor Stor. Tloxkényiicra. Moxkésryficra. Toakéayiicra. Tax, mpomry pac. Oru nénern Bd. Toxényiicra. Cracioo. Toxdyiicra. Caacraiio! wa cemf Bérouex po3 with seven roses ‘Tak mpouty pac something like ‘if you please’ cuacraino! a friendly way of saying ‘goodbye’ owém upeTéI? how much are your flowers? [owém...? is a colloquial equivalent of ek66Ko cr6wT...? Its uses are more limited. sina cémbnecst Oykér 2.70 a bouquet. Very often flowers and other products are sold by the piece mrryxa. A single rose for two rubles seventy would be sna cémbnecaT mr Ka. p6abi cnéaKue, Kpachnie, aymmicTie fresh, beautiful, fragrant roses ~ she does want to sell them after all! All the words after péabr are adjectives in the plural (see the grammar section). noxdayiicra, ue onfm one please. The word for a rose ~ poaa ~ is feminine. Therefore if Anna Sergeevna had wanted one rose, she would have said Me ony. pyri, or Stor... the other one, yes that one... This combination of pointing and giving directions is probably as efficient a way as any of indicating what you want! Anna Sergeevna uses pyroit ‘the other’ and Stor ‘that one’ because she is referring to a masculine noun. If it were one rose or any other feminine noun, she would say: apyr§10, por Sty. $rw aéabrn pam this is your money. The word for ‘money’ ~ nénsra — is plural in Russian, Masha is looking for the end of a long line Tipoeriite, kro nocnénHHit? Hapéptioe, 8 Cnacti6o, # 9a naw. uapépuoe probably, I suppose KTo mocaéuauil? who's last? You always use this masculine form even if there are only women in the line! 3a Bimu I'm behind you 76 UNIT6Masha 5 Person in line Masha 4 Masha doesn’t want to lose her place A oroiiy Ha MuHYTKy. Boi cK@&KeTe, 4TO 5 3a BAMH 3aHUMéa? Hoxdayiicra. Cracii6o. a oToiAy Ha MuHYTKy I'm going away for a moment Bhi ckdKere, 470 43a BAMM 3aHMMd1a? Will you say that I'm behind you? There is a whole culture about standing in line. People establish their position, and go off for a while—often to join another line! Practice what you have learned Volodya is looking for flowers to take to a friend. Prices are high so he has to shop around. How much do each vendor's flowers cost? (Answers on page 84.) @ uperet .. Gi) poser (iii) uperst Walking down the Arbat, Volodya and Tanya pass a number of people loudly advertising their wares. Which adjectives refer (according to their sellers!) to each thing? (Answers on page 84.) (i) Marpéukn (a) ayumierbie — (b) caume (i) péae (©) pyeexne (4) Tpanuunounere (ii) maarKa (©) cnéxne (8) wenoportie UNIT6 77Dialogues 6) 6 Misha is tooking for something to drink Misha — Cxaxtire, y aac ects munepanbHaa pos? Salesperson Muxepanbutoit soni ner. Misha Auto ectu? Salesperson — Ect cox. Misha A ny, OfuTe mo6ésHb1, Tord coxa. Salesperson Tloxkanyiicra, w Kacy mectautecstr naTs KonIéeK. coK fruit juice O¥abTe m0GEsHB1 please, be so kind ny well vorna then % | Munepdenas noua mineral water. Misha is told that there isn't any: munepa.rsHomt Boxe ner. Her means ‘there isn't/aren't’, and the endings of the words have changed. This always happens after ner. The case is called the genitive. If there were no fruit juice cox (a masculine noun) or milk Mowtoxé (neuter noun), Misha would be told: c6xa Het, Mox0Ka Her. Don't worry at this stage if you can't remember the endings. Do, however, notice those endings you see here, and be prepared for a word sounding rather different from the form you would find in your dictionary. § | c6xa some juice. Misha has changed the ending here (also genitive) to indicate 'some juice’. He could also have said cox. | Bxaccy mectsmecéT Konéex 65 kopecks to the cashier (maTiire is understood) 6) 7 Inthe pharmacy Viadimir —Y pac ects w16-nu6y.» or HéemopKa? Pharmacist Mexténopoe mécno, ertipe KonéiKH. Vladimir Or ronosndi 66nn? Pharmacist —'Téxsxo acnupiin, ects Konéex. Viadimir — Avanorvinia wer? Pharmacist Avanpriina noKa Her. Vladimir Cxéxxo Sto crour Bee? Pharmacist Jlécars konéex. B KAccy, noxkéyitcra. Viadimir B xéccy. Cnacti6o. Pharmacist Tloxéatyitcra. MenT6s10B0e Maco menthol oil acuupaa aspirin nox wer not at the moment 9 | ynac ecrs wr6-nu6y.» or néemopKa? do you have anything for a cold? You may also want to know how to ask for the following: 4T6-HNGY.1» OF FoAOBNGA O6.1H for a headache ‘ur6-unGyns or Kéms for a cough » | sersipe konéixn miects KonGex, Like all nouns Konéiika and py6.1s have different endings depending on the number. Use the following table as reference. (ro créur) ony Konéiixy ‘outa pyOm» 2-4 konéinxn 24 pyonsi 5, 6... KonéeK 5, 6m pyGnén | auansréua ner? is there no analgin (a popular painkiller)? The noun is awaabréin when it is not followed by ner. 78 UNIT6Practice what you have learned 2 5 Onyour recording you will accompany Alla on a shopping expedition. It is not especially successful ~ very few of the items on her list are available. Can you find the ones which are? (Answers on page 84.) (i) Maeno (ii) KonGacd (iii) corp . 6 Below are pictures of three people all feeling ill, but in different ways. Listen to the recording and see what the pharmacist is able to offer each of them. (Answers on page 84.) to know the word mukerypa ‘cough mixture’. You will ne @ new GY A chemist on Arbat. In this street, popular with tourists, street traders often display their ‘goods on the outside of shop windows. UNIT6 = 79Key words and phrases To use $10 64ens n6poro Y Bac ecTs 4T6-Hn6yab... oseuténne? or maemopxa? oT ronoBH6n O60? or Kaus? kynirrs, a KyIuNO posonnim maToK pOs0RbIii, «as, -o€ ciunit, -21, -ee Senéubii, -as, -o€ Gommdit, -As, -6e cpésnnit, -a8, -ee Mas1eHKMit, -a51, -0€ nloKaxire, KakHe y Bac ect. KaKOit, ~fs, -6e Kpacrnpii, -ax, -o¢ ApyrOHt, -, -6e Ko mocnénun 3a BAM (adie) Mune onvin (aire) Mue onny To understand BaM Kak6ro 186" BaM KaK6 80 UNIT6. that’s very expensive do you have anything. cheaper? for a head cold? for a headache? for a cough? to buy I will buy a pink scarf pink dark blue red white black green big average, medium small show (me) the ones that you've got which expensive fresh beautiful (the) other who's last? I'm behind you give me one (masculine noun) give me one (feminine noun) what color would you like? what size would you like?Grammar An adjective describes a person or a thing. In Unit 1 we mentioned that any word describing a noun has to ‘agree’ with it, that is, have the same number and gender. In the dictionary you will find an adjective written thus: p6s0nbiii, -as, -oe pink This tells you the endings for masculine, feminine and neuter nouns in the singular. So: p6somsii natéK a pink scarf p6s0nax ¥oOKa a pink skirt p63onoe mrarse a pink dress ‘There will sometimes be differences in spelling or pronunciation, but the entry will show you that, for example: chunit, -113, ee dark blue If the noun is in the plural, there is another ending to learn, but at least only one! Whatever the gender the adjective will end in -s1e (sometimes spelled - ne): pésopbie naarka pink scarves soporte MarpéunkH expensive matryoshka dolls chume nréres dark blue dresses You may have guessed that if a noun has different endings depending on its ‘function in a sentence, so too will adjectives describins You will have most use for the accusative case (the object of a verb). And best of all, normally only the feminine endings change! In the second dialogue you heard Tamara say that she would buy the pink scarf: A xynat posonnit ntaT6K Similarly, nothing would have changed if she had wanted a pink dress: AA xynato pévonoe nxdtse But for the feminine noun: AA xynm péxonyr0 voOKy Before you try the next exercise, we would repeat once again that endings are something you may aim to master in the long term but if you don't remember them at present, it won't matter! In the following shop dialogues, the endings of the adjectives have been left out. Can you fill them in? (Answers on page 84.) () -¥ nacecrs pévon__ nnarKa? - Her, wo y wac ects sépu__, xpéen__w3enén__ narKii. = Xopoui6, 1 kyr senén__ maarox. (ii) - Ay pac ects 4épn__ Yo6Ku? - Her, oy nac ects Kopiunen_,Kpicn _ p630B__106KH. - [laivre, noxaanyiiera, Kpacu__ roOKy. (iii) - ¥ pac ects Kpacn__ Bun6? - Her, Ho y nac ects Gé1__ BMNd. - Xopomd, # kyr 661 nnd, UNIT6 81Read and understand A group of tourists dropped into the 'Beryozka’ shop in their hotel. Beside their names you will find written down what they were looking for. Read the advertisement below and then write down which of the tourists were completely satisfied, and which only partially. (Answers on page 84.) Tom looking for an English tie, can't spend a lot Louis wants an expensive French wine Lesya wants a pretty scarf, Ukrainian or Byelorussian Roy looking for a typically Russian toy for his child Ann wants a black skirt, preferably of Italian make Hans wants a bottle of Russian vodka, doesn't want to pay a fortune !! BEPESKA !! Y nac ecre HEJIOPOTAA PYCCKAS BOIKA KPACMBbIE YKPAHHCKME IMIATKM MTAJIBAHCKME FOBKU - POSOBBIE, CHE, PYCCKME MATPELIKU HEJIOPOTOE ®PAHILY3CKOE BHO HEJIOPOTME HEMELIKME PAJICTYKM (i) Tom (ii) Louis (iii) Lesya (iv) Roy (v) Ann (vi) Hans On the left-hand side you will see signs from various shops in Moscow. On your right is a box with items Tamara intends to buy. It would of course be much more efficient to have the items next to the name of the shop... (Answers on page 84.) @ SURE (a) mndres (b) maipxn (c) maicno Gi) TACTPOHOM (4) Mewréaonoe maicno (e) Mo0K6 () orkpsirkn (g) anaaorin ii) YHMBEPMAT (h) mare (i) Marpéuxu (iv) TIOUTA ] (i) anvéxa (pharmacy) (i) raerpon6m (grocery store) (iii) yunpepmar (department store) (iv) n6wra (post office) 82 UNITSDid you know? One way of avoiding the time-consuming system described in the previous unit is to shop at the market. Z/, that is, you can afford it. Perhaps the reason you seldom stand in line at a market is that the prices are very high. Markets have always been expensive. People from collective farms, allowed to grow produce on a small piece of land, would bring it to the city to sell. They brought small amounts and so charged a lot. ‘At the time of writing, government stores were empty enough to drive many to shop at the market, and prices had reached record levels. None the less, even if you don’t buy anything, markets are a colorful and interesting sight. The availablity of fruit and vegetables depends to a large degree on the time of the year, though many come from Georgia and Azerbaijan, where the climate is milder. Meat is generally also on sale, and sometimes even handmade items of clothing. ‘As in markets the world over, you don't need to accept the first price quoted - you know enough Russian to haggle! You can also normally try the fruit, salted cucumbers etc. before buying them (indeed some try this instead of buying!). ‘As well as market traders, you also find people selling produce - at the same kind of prices - outside subway stations. Toward the end of the 1980s there was a noticeable easing in the restrictions on private trading. As a result, many new kiosks have opened, selling handmade items. Western goods and anything which the average person can't find in the shops. Prices, however, are often exorbitant and frequently provoke resentment, UNIT6 83(poe Practice what you have learned Grammar Read and understand Your turn to speak In these exercises you will be inquiring about and purchasing things in a pharmacy. You 1! need to use the following phrases: y hac ects ur6-nu6yits oF nécmopxa / or rononudii G6.1n? Yy pac et ananbriina? a Kynmo... Answers Exercise 1 (i) scarf costs Srubles _(ii) asks to see all that they have (ii) trousers cost 50 rubles Exercise 3 (i) 3.50 6yxér (ii) 2 py6u4 urryxa (iii) 2.70 Oyxér Exercise4 (i) c,d (ii) ae (ili)b,f Exercise 5 (i), (vi) Exercise 6 (i) cough mixture (ii) menthol oil (iii) aspirin Exercise 7 (i) pésonnie; sépawie, KpacHbie, 9e16H Ie; SeNEHBIT Gi) sépruse; koprunenute, kpacnete, posonie; Kpacny1o Gili) Kpacutoe; 6éx10e; 6én0e Exercise 8 (i) inexpensive, but German ties (ii) French wine, but inexpensive (iii) pretty Ukrainian scarves (iv) Russian matryoshka dolls (v) Italian skirts, but pink or blue (vi) inexpensive Russian vodka Exercise9 (i) d,g (ii)c,e (iii) ahi (iv) by f 84 UNIT6An information bureau You will learn to ask what the time is to understand the answer! to ask when shops, etc. open and close to talk about what you do on days of the week and at different times of the year and a little about what Russians do on their days off, Study guide Dialogues 1-4: listen without the book Dialogues 1-4: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 5, 6: listen without the book Dialogues 5, 6: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 7, 8: listen without the book Dialogues 7, 8: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned ‘Study the Key words and phrases ‘Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT7 856) 1 6) 2 Tanya Boris Mikhailovich Tanya Boris Mikhailovich Tanya » C2 3 Tamara Misha (2 4 Tanya Tamara Tanya Dialogues What is the time? Koréppiii vac? Bécemt 4acés. Kor6psii 4ac?- what is the time? Bécemb 4ac6s cight o'clock. Yacén is used with numbers from five ‘onwards. From two to four the ending is different: nea, pM, weTtipe vacd, while one o'clock is simply wae. Tanya is asking the time But He aHdere, KoTOprili ac? Bes apanuarh nénath. Tpocriire? Bécemp c6pox. Craci6o. BbI He aH4ere,.... you don't happen to know...? Just about any question in Russian is felt to be more polite when made negative. If you actually don’t know, you will answer: He aHi10, 6e3 anannarh aésaTe twenty to nine, Literally this is ‘without twenty, nine’ (more details in the grammar section). npocritre? sorry? Tanya hasn't understood either! Instead of npocrétre? she could also ask nowropirre, noxkdayiicra please repeat that. B6cemb c6pox eight forty. In this simpler ‘digital’ form of the time, the words for hours and minutes are often omitted. In railway stations, airports etc. '24-hour digital’ time is commonly used. You may hear people using "12-hour digital’ time. However, in their day-to-day life, Russians still tend to use the first type of answer. Now Tamara wants to know the time Cxé6axo ceitudc ppémenn? Tlars munyr uerséproro. CK6abko ceituaic ppémenn? what is the time? This is another common way of asking the same question. MaTb MuufT YeTBéproro five minutes of the fourth ‘hour’ understood), ie. five past three. You will find a list of these ordinal numbers on page 93. Tanya and Tamara have finished breakfast A Toi He aHdeutb, cK6mbKO celiude BpémeHn? Tonopsina nepsroro, Oi, # yoxé ondspiBaio. of here an expression of consternation yxxé already 86 UNIT7() A café’s opening hours 2 ‘Thi He 3udemmb...?- the same question as in the first dialogue, but Tanya is talking here to a close friend. nononina xeBsroro half-past eight a yxké ondznpimao I'm already late Practice what you have learned Before you begin these exercises, read the grammar section on page 93. On your recording you will hear people asking the time. Listen very carefully then see if you can put the following times in their correct order. (Answers on page 96.) (i) 9:45 (ii) 4:15 (iii) 2:00 (iv) 4:45, (v) 6:00 (vi) 1:30 Your tum to ask the time. Andrei will guide you, UNIT? 8769 5 Misha Salesperson Misha Salesperson 6) Misha 6 Tanya Clerk Dialogues Misha asks about the shop's hours Ckaxtire, noxkdnylicra, korad orkpsindetca Bau Marasiin? Hau maraai orpsindetcst a RéceMb Yacén yTpa. Cmacti6o. A kori y pac nepeptin? Tlepeptin c wiicy 10 By. Cnach6o. mara3n shop, store mam (fem. mama) our kor orkpsindercs nam marasin? when does your shop open? If you wanted to find out when the shop shuts, you would ask: Kora4 3akpbinderca nam Mara3in? 1 B6ceMs 4acbB yTpA at eight o'clock in the morning. When saying ‘at’ a particular time, p is used before the number (this is often scarcely audible). “At eight o'clock in the evening’ would be e nécemt wacés néuepa. And ‘at three o'clock in the afternoon’ ~ 8 TpH aca sNst. Korma y nac nepeprin? when is your break (for lunch)? nepepéts ¢ acy 110 Byx break is from one to two. Numbers often have different endings after prepositions such as ¢ ‘from’ and so ‘to’. From 2 to 3° is € anyx a0 Tpéx, ‘from 4 to 5' ¢ uermIpéx 20 TA, ‘from 6 to 7’ ¢ mecTA 0 cemit, From then to 12 the numbers end in -1. ‘Again you may not need to use these numbers, but you will want to recognize them. Listen carefully as Andrei reads them, since they can sound quite different from the numbers you are used to. Tanya wants to know why her train hasn't arrived Tlouemy ner néeana wa Apocnasns? Yoxé rpx acd. Tides, wanépHo, ondsmetpaer 4 HY-KHO CHYMIATD OGbABNEHHA siKTOPA. née3x train nanépuo probably omdayeinate to be running late nlowemy Her n6ea1a H3 Apocndwna? why isn't the train from Yaroslavl here? The word for ‘train’ is méeau (it has become néeasia because it is used after wet). nowem{...? why...? A reason as such is not given in this case ~ Tanya knows that the train is late! However, the response to now? will often be noTOM 470... because... yoxé Tpit aca it is already three o'clock HYAKHO CHYUIATS OODsBACHNS AAKTOpA you need to listen to the announcements 88 UNIT7Practice what you have learned The signs below have fallen off their appropriate shops. Read the opening hours below then listen to your recording, and put the signs back in place (Answers on page 96.) @ cH) Gi) HOUTA YHMBEPMAT MATA3HH (a) 9-18 (b) 11-20 © 8-19 nepeppts 2-3 nepeppis 1-2 nepeppin 1-2 The customers in the following dialogues all express indignation over shop timekeeping — unfairly, as it turns out. By listening to the recording, you should be able to say how long each customer will have to wait. (Answers on page 96.) (i) Istman (ii) woman (iii) 2nd man This baker is closed for repairs and gives details of the nearest bakeries UNIT? — 89bed ot Misha 6) 8 Misha Dialogues Misha describes a week during the semester B nonenésbHnk # xokY B MHCTHTYT. Bo BT6PHHK y MeHA cBo6SHBIi JeHb, H A HHOrA XOX B OHOMMOTEKY, a HHOrA HMYErS He jésaI0. B cpéiy, B YeTREpr HB ATHHUY 8 OnsiTb xorKY B HeTHTYT. B cyOOTY 3anMaioce chéprom. A B BockpecéHbe A BCTPeUsIOCb C ApyabsMH. nnornd sometimes 3aMHMirica cnéproM to take part in sport GuGanoréKa library neTpewarncs ¢ mpy3bimn to meet with onsers again friends B NOHEIEILHMK, BO BTOPHNK, B Cpéay, B YeTHEpr, B nATHMLY, BcyYGOOTY, 8 pockpecéuse on Monday, Tuesday, ... 8xOxS BMHCTHTYT I go to the institute, The verb xomMTs (# XOKY, BHI used when you say that you go somewhere frequently. It is ly followed by w or wa and a noun in the accusative case. ‘Thus Misha says # xox B MHCTHTYT but # XOAY B OHONHOTEKY. cBo66aubiii eH» a free day. Misha means a day ‘free’ from lectures. A non- working day (for both people and stores, etc.) is BLIXOAHOit NeHD. a nmuer6 He nés1a10 I don't do anything. Hueré means ‘nothing’. If it is used with a verb, you need ne before the latter. Other such phrases: a nnuer6 He 3H10 I don't know anything a nmuer6 ne xouy I don't want anything si umuer6 He nonnMato I don't understand anything What about vacation? Samane kanfixyss HaunHdiores B annapé, JIérHue KaHfiKysmb HadHHdwTes BHO H KOH'dOTCA B dBrycre. JIéToM # moGmM xomiTs BTOXOAbI, a SHMGH 5 HOG KaTarbes Ha TIMDKAX. panpapé in January (see full list Baprycre in August ‘of months on page 92) XoaHTh BMOX6AbI to go hiking puione in July Kararbes Ha aKDKAX to ski afiMHMe KAHMAKY:nb1 winter Vacation AéTHMe KAMMKY.II. summer vacation ‘The word Kawfikysnes (vacation) usually refers to school and university vacations. Leave for working people is Ormyex. afMHHe KAMMKYs1b1 HAMMAGIOTes B sHBApE winter vacation begins in January Konudrnes to end. The verb endings naunnéiores and KonuéioTes are the third person plural, used because the noun Kawfkys1s1 is always plural, aérom in summer 3HM6it in winter ‘The two remaining seasons: necdit in spring 6cenmt0 in autumn (the fall) 4 moOnt0... Like... When you are saying ‘to like to do something’, this verb is followed by an infinitive verb. 90 UNIT7Practice what you have learned 6) 5 Vera stepanoyna’s family always has enormous problems arranging a vacation together. If you listen to the snatches of conversation on your recording and then fill in the missing details below, you will know why. (Answers on page 96.) (i) Bépa Crendnonna: 6rnyex begins ends .. (ii) Maxeém Herpésnu: Srnyex begins .. ends ... (iii) Japieaz Grnyex begins .. , ends . 6 inthis exercise, you are a student talking about a normal week during the semester. A newspaper cartoon. The banner says "I don't understand anything"! UNIT7 91Key words and phrases KOTOpsiii Hac? / cK61EKO ceit¥de npémenn? (see Grammar for all the times) Bb He andere, 4 (He) 3HAI0 mpocrétre? nosropitre, noxanynera Kor} orkpsinderes mara3in? 3aKpbipderes KHOCK? y pac nepep: B p6ceMs Hacée yr apa acd Ha BimiecTs ache nénepa cacy 0 aByx € BYX 0 TPEX uersapéx 10 sir nowemy..? noromy 470... a onda ;nb1Bato née31 ondasqbinaeT B mone né1bHMK BO BTOpHHK Bcpény B uernépr a nacrunny BcyOosry B pocxpecéune AXOKY BMHCTHTST B OuGaMoTéKy cB0661HbIK Heb BbINOHGH eH annapé B chenpané BMapre Banpéae aMée Bmione Burone » doryere Bcenraopé BOKTAGpé B HORGpE B neKaopé auMoit BecHéit éToM 6cenbIo what is the time? you don't happen to know...? 1 don't) know I beg your pardon? please repeat that when... does the shop open? does the kiosk close? is your lunchbreak? at 8 a.m, at2 p.m, at 6 p.m. from 1 102 from 2 to 3 from 4 to 5 why...? because... I'm running late the train is late on Monday on Tuesday on Wednesday on Thursday on Friday on Saturday on Sunday 1 go to the institute to the library a free day a day off; day when shop ete. is closed in January in February in March in April in May in June in July in August in September in October in November in December in winter in spring in summer in the fall 92 UNIT7On the hour One to thirty minutes past the hour After the half- way point Grammar Koropsii sac? / CK6.16Ko cetiudc Bpémenn? What is the time? ac one o'clock cems wacés seven o'clock apa act two o'clock Bécemb acés eight o'clock ‘Tpu uacé three o'clock mépaTb 4acén nine o'clock uerbipe wacé four o'clock mécaTh 4ac6s ten o'clock nar 4acés five o'clock ouiHHaquaTs Yacés eleven o'clock mecrs wacés six o'clock mpendnuatt 4acés twelve o'clock Korsa...?2- when...? To say ‘at’ a particular time, you simply put » in front of the number, e.g. Bawa Yacé at two o'clock NB Here too endings change after numbers. After two, three and four, the ending is -a (genitive singular). From five onwards the ending becomes -on (genitive plural). One o'clock is simply the word for ‘hour’ — ae, and it doesn't need an ending. Other masculine nouns have the same endings, take Gunér ticket and n6ap dollar, for example: oni OME, os A6sAp iba (TPH, 4eTvipe) Guxéra, napa MATE (IneCTb, .) GHAIETOB, 16s1apOB For the first thirty minutes of any hour, Russians talk about so many minutes of the next hour. Here are some examples: nas MAHYT épBOrO five past 12 nécath MHHYT BTOpOrO ten past 1 usTHdquare Mang Tpérsero a quarter past 2 apAimath MHHYT eTBEpTOrO twenty past 3 ARgMATh HATE MAHYT HTOrO twenty-five past 4 nooniua miectéro half past 5 ‘The ordinal numbers used in this way are: népesiit first cemsmGit seventh Bropéit second nochM6it eighth rpérmit third MeBsr tit ninth uersépriiit fourth neces tenth nicrot ‘fifth oufmnannarsiit eleventh mecroa sixth mpensmareii — twelfth ‘The most important thing to remember is that Russian always looks forward to the next hour. Arriving exactly one hour late could be very inconvenient! After the half-way point one says that it is so many hours minus the number of minutes, 6¢3 apaguara nari uac twenty-five to 1 6e3 aaanaTé Ba twenty to 2 6e3 naTHanaTH TPH aquarter to 3 Ge necaTh wersipe tento4 6e3 nara nT five to 5 ‘The number after Gea ‘without’ has a new ending — m. It is wise to be aware of this since the number can sound quite different. If this all seems daunting, remember that you won't necessarily ever need to use these times, just to understand them if you hear them, UNIT7 — 93,Read and understand 7 Appointment books can bring order to one’s life, but they can also wreak havoc. . . Read the following notices then explain why Volodya seems to have got everything wrong. (Answers on page 96.) My26ii Mymxnna Kagé br. cp. orkpsit ¢ 10 s10 18 padsraer - orkptir ¢ 10 10 17 cll no 22 c6., ac. oTKpéIT c 14 0 18 BEIXOANGH eH — BTOpHHK BHIXOMHOH sleH — none MéDHK Tacrponém KuHoredrp ‘Pocctis" paGGraer nH, 'Méstenbkas Bépa', Ha. 8 20.00 81021 br., cp. Hoxasinne™ nepepsin c vacy 10 aByx Ir., 06. H pe, ‘Basuidua 0 coanére’ BHIXONHGML sleH — BOCKPECéHKE nau, 8 19.30 (@ enonenéasumx 11 4acén — my2¢i Tfuxuna (ii) Bo BrOpHK 12 4acdn — 066 B kacpé (iii) wepény 20.00 — kwn6: 'Mésienpxas Bépa’ (iv) nuersépr 1.30 - Kym#r» nponfKTH B racrpouéme (vy) pustrnmny 9 wacén — my3éi Hymxnna (vi) BeyOodry 8 uacép néuepa — und: "Basia o connate’ (vii) mpockpecéuse 7 0 11 ace néuepa — FkuN B KaChé 8 The following snatches of conversation have all become jumbled up and make no sense. Using the pictures to guide you, put them in the correct order. (Answers on page 96.) (i) Uo Bet a06nTe néraTs 3HMOR? (ii) Maraain orxpoinderes 8 nécem» sachs Gi) Cx6.nxo cefude mpémenm? (iv) Hnwuer6 ne néa10 (v) 106m Kararees Ha aKDKaX (vi) Houemy ner néesna? Yaxé nécars uacds (vii) Tare mung nicroro (viii) Koraa orxpsinderes nam marasin? (ix) “ro ner aésaere w cyOOory? (x) Hea ondsaninaer 94 UNIT7Did you know? Borxogusie mun (days off) Stores are open on Saturdays, but for the majority of Russian people the working week ends on Friday. Parents who scarcely see their child or children during the week will spend a lot of time with them on Saturday and Sunday, Despite the fact that both parents normally work, in a two-parent family the father will typically play with the children while the mother cooks, cleans and searches the shops for necessary items. Since the late 1980s, there has been greater freedom of worship, and a marked religious revival, and many will take time to worship in churches, synagogues or mosques. Even in the big cities, people do not very often go to the theater, movies or concerts. There are obviously exceptions, but for most people it is difficult to obtain tickets (the very verb used, xoerér means ‘to obtain with difficulty’), Few would eat out in restaurants or cafés except on special occasions, chiefly because such places are scarce. Of late, more have opened, but these are often prohibitively expensive, or require payment in foreign currency. The lack of activities and places for young people to go is particularly sharply felt. ‘The large cities may often seem transformed on weekends. If at all possible, urban dwellers try to escape the city. Excursions into the forest to pick mushrooms or vitamin-rich berries are favorite occupations. Anyone who can, rents (or buys) a ua, a small vacation house out of the city. For the average person, this will be no more than a hut, with few conveniencies, and it may take a long time to get to it by public transportation. Nevertheless, these dachas are much sought after. We have talked exclusively about city dwellers. In numerical terms the number of visitors from the countryside and smaller cities more than compensates for those leaving the city on weekends. Although these visitors do sightsee, in general they come to the big cities in order to buy food, clothes, and other items not available at home. Adacha UNIT7 95Your turn to speak 6) 9 Youwitl bea student finding his way around Moscow in the first part of this exercise, then you will have a chance to talk a little more about yourself. The following expressions will come in handy: Kora orkppinéercs..? Korad y pac nepepéu KaWAKY.IbI HAMHNAIOTES / KOHUAOTES.. a mob.10. XOMHTE B HOXOTDL Answers Practice what you | Exercise 1 (iv), (iii), (ii), (vi), (), (Vv) have learned Exercise 3 (a) ii (b)i (c) iii Exercise 4 (i) 1 hour (ii) !/2hour (iii) 1 hour Exercise 5 (i) January, February (ii) April, May (iii) August, September Read and understand | Exercise 7 (i) Mondays closed (ii) Tuesdays café is closed (iii) film only on Monday (iv) lunchbreak 1-2 (v) opens at 10 (vi) begins at 19:30 (vii) closes at 22 hours Exercise 8 i, v, iii, vii, ix, iv, vi, x 96 UNITYou will learn to ask where places are and how to get to them to understand directions and there will be some information and advice about public transportation Before you begin ‘A word of advice: when a person gives you directions, it is unlikely that you you will understand every word. But remember, you don't need to! You want the gist, the crucial words which will tell you where to go. Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book jogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned jogues 3, 4: listen without the book Dialogues 3, 4: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 5-7: listen without the book Dialogues 5-7: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNITS 97Dialogues 6) 1 Lyena is tooking for a post office Lyena Bui ne ckéakere, re sutech OUT: Passerby — Ui6ura uépes s0péry Lyena — CnaciiGo. Passerby — Tlox4nyticra. ameck here, in the vicinity néwra_post office # | Boine cxaxere...? you couldn't tell me... could you? Like mbt we andere...?, this is a way of ‘mellowing a request for information, + | épea aop6ry across the road. Some other common answers to listen for are (the embarrassing) n6sra pAitoM ‘the post office is next door’ and néwra 3a yr6M the post office is around the corner’. ey 2 tra wants t0 get to the Arbat fra__Jgsywxn, wopnutire, noxkinyiicra, phi He noxcKéoxere, KaK mpoitrét Ha ApOér? Young woman Tipdimo u uépea epexut, Ira A St0 160? Young woman — Her, re-ro TpH MHHYTEI. Ira Tp Munyres. A Bb He cKakeTe, TAM Hax6sNTeA NOM-Myséit TyurKiHa? Young woman Ila, 30 KBapTiipa TIA... OM HOMep TisTEMecsT TPH. Tra Tateaecsr rpu, 1a? Cracti6o Gomuiée, waBMHtire. Young woman Hé 3a «to. Ap6ar a famous street in Moscow kpaprapa apartment nepex6.t_ passageway né aa 40 don't mention it ‘am there: the opposite of sect nom-my3éii Tyunkuna house-museum in which the poet Pushkin lived for a while | aésymixn girls. The age at which this word ceases to be appropriate would be difficult to fix. Hapnnitre, noxdanyfcra excuse me please, and a smile work just as well and will never offend! § | nor ne noxcéxxere...? There's litle difference between this question and pbt ne cKaxere... 4 | xax upoitré ua Apoar? How do I get to Arbét? You can use kak mpoitré...? in asking how to get anywhere on foot. Everybody knows what ApGa'r is, but usually the place you are looking for will be called jamua street, mpocnéxT avenue or na6mtasts square. You might, for example, ask: kax mpoitr... How do I get... na anny Hocroéscxoro? 10 Dostoevsky street? na mpocnéxt Mapa’? to ‘Peace’ avenue? va rudurane Tguixnna? to Pushkin square? (See also the grammar section on page 105.) + | upamo u épes nepex6a, straight ahead and through the passageway. Other words you should listen out for are nampano to the right and nanéno to the left. A series of instructions may be connected by HOTOM next. | ro a6:1ro? wil it take long? A rough translation since Ira's question is telegraphic, omitting all but the key word, The woman replies in similar fashion: Pue-To TpH Mun{rb around three minutes. ua? is the Pushkin house-museum there? If the place you § | ram nax6amres nom-my36it IY 2 where is... located? are looking for is a fair distance away, you can ask rite Hax6suTe | xnapriipa apartment. The woman begins to say apartment No. ... then corrects herself. It is in fact om nsTbecsT TpH house No. 53. 98 UNITS.Practice what you have learned Nina is still finding her way around in a new area. From her house she has been given directions to various places. On your recording you will hear these directions, but not the places! Follow the instructions each time, then see if you can complete the questions she asked. (Answers on page 108.) (i) Bot ne exdaxere, rae auecs (ii) But ne exioxere, rae aeck .... (ii) Bot we cxéxere, re 3ech (iv) Bot ne cxaxere, re 31ech ‘A tourist is given some directions and writes them down in translation. Unfortunately there is one mistake in each set of instructions. Listen to your recording, then correct his notes. (Answers on page 108.) (i) post office - straight ahead, then to the right; across the street from the Bolshoi Theater (ii) department store ~ straight ahead and through the passageway; opposite the subway station (iii) café - through the passageway is the Pushkin museum; the café is across the street UNITS = 99.69 6 Tanya Tamara 4 Masha Passerby Masha Passerby Masha Passerby Dialogues Which trolleybuses go to the Pushkin Museum? Tamépa, Tht He 3HAeIIb, Kaki TponnéliGyc HET 0 Myséa TY mKuHa? To myséa Nyuxuna naér rpoméiiGye stopéit, rpfmiarh néppbiti H BocemHdsuarbii, Heuié Hier aBro6yc BOceMOM H risTbnecsT 1sTHth. Kak6ii TponxénGye waér no My3éa HIfumkuna? which trolleybus goes to the Pushkin museum? You can find out about buses or trams by substituting for rponéHoye the words asr6oyc bus or Tpamaait tram. If you wanted to know about trolleybuses to Red Square or Dostoevsky street, you would ask: Kax6il Tpoxéii6yc uaér 20 Kpacnon mGmann? / 0 fnmunt HocroéscKoro? (More about these endings in the grammar section on page 105.) Tanya can't remember this deluge of numbers either! You met the ordinal numbers up to 12th in the last unit, Up to 20th they are also regular and easy to lean: Tpunasuars becomes TpHHdsmaTotH, HeTspHATMATD — NeréipHaauarsit, etc. From 21st, itis only the last number which changes according to the noun, i ApduunaT népBosit TpostTéAoye Don't forget that you probably won't need to use these numbers, just to understand them Masha wants to get to Pushkin Square Ckaxkitre, noxkényiicra, a kak MHe oTcIONIa MpoéxaTb Ha Tiymxneicyo niduae? Bam HY2kHO GxaTb Ha MeTp6 s10 craHunn 'TYmnKkMHCKast. A S10 610? Her, acer6 uertipe ocran6pxu. Crach6o. Tloxdayiicra. oretoxa from here Tyuxnuekas ni6mans /n6mass Hyuikana Pushkin square Kak Mute orcrota npoéxars na IIfmkuneKyio mi6utann? how do I get to Pushkin Square from here? Since she knows that it is a long way, Masha has used the verb mpoéxars to get somewhere by vehicle. Kak Mue mpoitri...? / Kak Mue mpoéxaTb...? are set questions when asking for directions. The pronoun mue is often omitted, Bam nfxno éxare na merp6 you need to go by subway Exar» is the most common verb for 'to go by vehicle’. 'I go by subway! is éay wa Merp6. You may also be told: Bam HY2KHO éxaTs Ha aBTOOyce You need to go by bus Bam HyAKHO éxaTe Ha TpOAEHOYce You need to go by trolleybus aM HY AKHO éxaTb Ha TpaMnde You need to go by tram baM HY HO éxaTb Ha nbeIIe You need to go by train a0 crénunn 'EymKnneKas' to 'Pushkinskaya’ station peer 4ersipe octanéakn only four stops 100 UNITSPractice what you have learned , 3 Below are pictures of signs you will see on a city street. Look at the numbers of the bus, trolleybus or tram routes which go from each stop and then listen to the dialogues on your recording. Can you tell which stop you need to wait at to get to each place? (Answers on page 108.) TPOJIIEMB YC ABTOBYC 4, 11, 23 13, 35 TPAMBAM TPOJIIEMB YC a. 1 (b) (©) (i) Kpacnas naémany (ii) Apoar (ii) Tfmxenexas nadmans 7) 4 — onyour recording you will hear a sightseer asking how to get to various famous places. He understood at the time, but later it was just a jumble of words, Listen, and see if you can find the necessary stations on the subway map below. (Answers on page 108.) MEHIEZEEBCKAR yam 13 TOA smerion svasaar BAPPMKAMIAS. soueoania KOMCOMOIIECKAR FKEACHOOPECHENCKAS y eaBhise worors EBA KyreKas ratrast-ronO yl TaPK KYAETYPAL OKTABPRCKAS (i) Kpemas (ii) mya¢i Hjmxnna (iii) Boasmdit rearp This was the most up-to-date map available in early 1993, however many stations have new names and more are likely to be renamed (see Did you know? on page 177). UNITS 10163 69 6) Misha Passerby Masha Passerby Masha Passerby Misha Passerby Masha Passerby 7 Misha Passenger Misha Dialogues Misha is looking for Vagan'kov cemetery Ckaakiite, kak MHe mpoéxare Ha Bardunkonckoe Kéu6uu1e? But xoriire npuiéxaTb k Morfisie Boicoukoro? Hla. Torad nam Hiker nedmuaTs TpéTHit Tpampdii. Cnach6o. Toxkényiicra, KundnGmine cemetery vorma then Bardukonckoe k4a6mine Vagan'kov cemetery. An old cemetery where the poet Esenin and the singer/bard Vysotsky are buried. Bui xoriire upuéxars K Morte Buie6ukoro? do you want to go to Vysotsky's grave? Since Vysotsky's death in 1980, this cemetery has been a piace of pilgrimage for lovers of his songs and verse. BaM H§2keH andumaTe Tpéruit rpampdit you need a No. 23 tram. If the thing needed is a feminine noun, you will hear: pat ny2kx4, and if itis neuter: BAM HY2KHO, ¢. BaM HY2KHa BTOpas OCTaH6BKA you need the second stop ba HgakHo Taxed? do you need a taxi? Where does he catch a No. 23? Ckaxcire, noxdnyiicra, a rie ocranénxa samaTs TpéTsero TpaMBéa? Bam HykHo l1poiith upsimo 4 éxar Hanpano. Cnaci6o. Toskasyiicra. rue ocrandexa 11u4)uaTs Tpérsero Tpamsds? where is the stop for the No. 23? The word for bus, trolleybus or tram stop is ocran6axa, and both the noun and the number (‘23rd’) take genitive endings after it. In fact, there was nothing to stop Misha asking simply: a re ocran6axa? Since he had just been told to take the No. 23, he wasn't going to be asking about any other stop! bam HY.kHO npoitrh mpsimo m éxars HaMpdno you need to go straight ahead then travel to the right In the tram Misha battles his way to the exit Vopnnitre, pst puixdnre Ha cnényiomei? Her, He BbIXOxY. Tor ad paspeuitire upotirh. BbI BHIXOAUTe Ha CHEAyIOMIeH? are you getting out at the next stop? People begin edging their way to the exit well before a train or bus stops and you will hear this question often, In reply you would say: 1a, # BBIXOAKY oF HeT, Ame BLIXOAKS. paspemnitre mpoitri_ allow me to pass. If you can't remember this, MOacHO? may I? will achieve the same result, 102 UNITSPractice what you have learned On your recording you will hear people asking for directions. Listen several times then tick the correct answer. (Answers on page 108.) ‘You will need the word Teneuéup ‘television center’. (i) The man needs to travel (a) by tram to the television center (b) by trolleybus to the television center (ii) The woman asks about (a). the stop for a No. 22 bus (b) the stop for a No. 25 trolleybus (c)_ the stop for a No. 25 bus (iii) The man is told that (a) the No, 9 trolleybus stop is across the road (b)_ the No. 10 bus is straight ahead You are a tourist trying to get out of a bus UNITS 103Key words and phrases To use BbI He cKaxKeTe, ..? ckaxkiiTe, HoxKaNyiCTa, napunirre, nox asyncra rte aitectn.? rule Hax6nHTCs.. Kak mpoitri, Kak mpoéxaTs. Ha ApOar? na yanny Hocroésexoro na Tyunknmexyio mi6mane? 5ro néaro? KaK6it aBTOGye HIET 10... my3éa Tynknna? Kpacnom ni6uiaam? gaunst HocroéscKoro? BbI BBIXOaHTe Ha cAényFONIeH? ‘A (He) BLIXOKY paspemnirre npoirrt To understand uépes nopéry uépes nepexdn aneck Tam éxar» wa Merp6 10 créummn Ha aBTé6yce Ha Tposnéii6yce Ha Tpampée na née31e Bam Hy Ken TpérHit Tpamnait aM HY2KHA BrOpaa OCTANODKA Ordinal numbers (Ist — 12th are in Unit 7 on page 93.) ‘Tpundanarbrit, -ax, -o€ weTsipHamarsii, -ax, -0€ naTHamMaTbM, -ax, -0€ mecTHaaNaTbIh, -as, -0€ BocemnamuaTEIit, -ax, -0€ MeBATHANMATHI, -A8, -0€ BasIATDI, -ax, -0€ apdanats népsbii, -as, -oe 104 UNITS could you possibly tell me...? tell me please... excuse me please... where in the vicinity is...? where is... located? how do I get (by foot)... how do I get (by vehicle). to the Arbat? to Dostoevsky street? to Pushkin square? will that take long? which bus goes to... Pushkin museum? Red Square? Dostoevsky street? are you getting off at the next (stop)? I'm (not) getting off allow me to pass you need to go (by foot).. you need to go (by vehicle)... straight ahead to the right to the left across the road through the passageway here there to go by subway to the station by bus by trolleybus by tram by train you need a No. 3 tram you need the second stop thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-firstGrammar Prepositions Words such as 10, through and from are called prepositions. As you would expect, they are particularly useful when asking for directions! You met quite a few in this unit: 8 / wa to, uépea through and 0 up to. Easy enough to Jearn, but unfortunately there are other changes. Each of these prepositions is said to ‘take’ a particular case, that is, it makes endings change in a particular way. Two cases are common when you are talking about going to places ~ the accusative case, used after B, wa and 4épe3, and the genitive case used after sno. In Unit 3, you saw that a feminine noun has a new ending if itis the object of the sentence (this is its accusative ending). It ends in exactly the same way after the preposition or ta meaning 'to, into’ and after 4épe3 meaning ‘across’. For example, the word for street is Yuma: to ask how to get to Dostoevsky street, you would say: Kak npoitrat wa ganny Hocroésexoro? Masculine and neuter nouns do not have different endings for the accusative. ‘One warning: p and wa can mean to, into’ if they come after a verb implying motion. However, they can also mean ‘in, on’, in which case the endings are different, i.e. Kpemtb 8 Moexné ‘the Kremlin is in Moscow’ (see the grammar section on page 31). Certain other prepositions, like 10, take the genitive case. Look at the following examples: KaK6ii awré6ye HaéT 10 ApGara? Kak6il aBr66yc Her 0 §mus1 HocroéscKoro? A masculine (or neuter) noun will simply add -a (sometimes spelled -a). A feminine noun will end in -6 (sometimes spelled -m) after these prepositions. A tourist visiting Belarus, Ukraine and Russia is asked by a Byelorussian border official which places he plans to see. He produces the following list of cities: (i) Muck. Gii) Kies (v) Mocksa (ii) Onécca (iv) Homrana (vi) Herep6ypr Here is a script of what he could have said, but you will need to add the cities with the correct endings. (When talking about movement to a city, the preposition a is always used.) (Answers on page 108.) (i) Hény moro (iii)... morém (ii) ,MoT6M (V) . nor6m (iv) . noroM (i ‘You will be traveling by bus, so you will need to ask: (i) néara (iii) redxp (v) pecropan Gi) marasin (iv) amréxa You will be travelling by bus, so you will need to ask: KaKOll aBTOOyC HET... (iv) 20 (v) a0 (i) m0. (ii) a0... ii) a0... (Answers on page 108.) UNITS 10510 Read and understand Members of a tourist group in Moscow spurned the services of their guide, asking only for a map of the metro and instructions about how to find some famous places. They managed admirably! Follow their instructions and the map, and mark out the route they would have planned in order to take in all the places. MENIESEEBCKAS HOBOCIOBONCKAR yma vw FOIA TRRACHOMIPECHENCKA Lt sarrafb-roPon (i) Boasm6a redrp — ua merpé 10 crannun "Tearpareuas! Gi) Kpesom # Kpdcuas na6man» — wa Merpé 10 cranmun 'Kwréit-r6poa! (iii) TpersaKésckas ranepéx — na merpé no cranusu 'Honoxysnéukas! (iv) Hamicion Monactsips — na merpé no craémunn 'TYaneKas! (v) Ap6ar — na merpé no crénumu 'ApGarckas' fan 'CMonéucKas! (vi), My36i JLLH. Toaer6ro — na merp6 sto créuunn 'KponérkuncKas! (vii) Kunoreérp 'Poceis:' — na merpé 10 crénumn 'TIfumuneKas! Below are two types of tickets commonly used by Muscovites. On what forms of transportation can they use each ticket? (Answers on page 108.) ~ABLYCT 1992 3 tA ro TRANCNOPTA 3 371290 a panne Be | (jy 106 UNITSDid you know? Getting around in the city For many years visitors to the Soviet Union were quietly discouraged from traveling around the city by themselves. Tourists were transported from one worthwhile ‘sight’ to another by coach, and rarely met Soviet people. Fortunately the atmosphere has changed, and since public transport within cities is good, if crowded, we would recommend that you make your ‘own way about. Especially now that you have learned to ask directions! ‘Some of the large cities have good subway systems, as well as trolleybuses, trams and buses. In the main cities you will also find Mapup§tHbie TaKeh, minibuses carrying about 10 passengers which follow a fixed route (normally indicated on the side window). You can ask the driver to stop anywhere along the route (just give the name of the place with noxkdaryiiera). Finding a taxi has become quite a problem unless you're outside a hotel, where there are always those wanting to eam some foreign currency. You probably won't need your Russian though ~ they seem to be able to negotiate their deals in any language! Tickets There are special barriers on the subway which only let you through after you have put in your money. However, to use trolleybuses, tram or buses, you need Tan6us1 or, more colloquially, ran6uunxw. These small tickets are available in booklets of 10, either in special kiosks on the street, or from the driver at a stop. If you are near the little machine, you can clip the ticket yourself. However, if you are wedged in among other commuters, hand it to it to somebody and say nependitre, nox anyitera (pass it along please). The ticket will soon come back clipped! Those who use public transportation a great deal buy the more economical and convenient eamuteii, a travel pass valid for one month. By the way, despite inevitable tension and friction caused by overcrowding, it is unusual for children or elderly people to have to stand in public transportation. wl ete did Moscow UNITS 107Gu Practice what you have learned Grammar Read and understand Your turn to speak You have just arrived in Moscow. You need to find out where the pharmacy is, how to get to Pushkin square, which trolleybuses go to Arbat and where the trolleybus stop is. You will be using the following phrases: nopnnitre, noxaayiter: cKaxxitre, noxdsyitera, THe 33ecb...? kak mpoéxars n/ta.. KaK6it TposéhOye WET 10... arse ocran6pka? Answers Exercise 1 (i) kacé (ii) Marasiin (iii) my3éit_ (iv) 6HOnHoTéKa Exercise 2 (i) straight ahead, then left (ii) store is next to underground station (iii) Pushkin museum is around the comer Exercise3 (ie (iia (iii)b Exercise 4 (i) Kurait-ropox (ii) Kpontorxunckas (iii) Tearpassuas Exercise 5 (i) b (ii)¢ (iii)a Exercise 7 (i) 8Muncx (ii) nOnéccy (iii) n Kien (iv) » Morésy (v) B Mocks (vi) » Merep6ypr Exercise 8 (i) 10 néurst (ii) 20 Marasina (iii) 10 Teérpa (iy) 20 arrréxnt (v) 110 pecropana Exercise 10 (j) all types of city transportation (ii) all types except underground 108 UNITSYou will learn to ask how to get to places outside the city to buy train and plane tickets to ask for information about departure times, where to go, etc. torent a car and you will read about travel within the Russian Federation MOCKOBCKHA FOPOACKOR COBET N10 TYPH3MY H OKCKYPCHAM KOHTPOJBHBIA ‘MOCHOBCHOE TOPORCKOE 6I0PO SHCHYPCHA ik BRIETY suaet & 09445 o 4451S ggaast § eit iar tev tamtem taelatines eee a) Ger r0 a aa Ha lp. 20 x. i eee ee vmioune aati dN cages arpideie ‘ Study guide Dialogue 1: listen without the book Dialogue I: listen, read and study Practice what you have learned Dialogues 2, 3: listen without the book Dialogues 2, 3: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 4, 5: listen without the book Dialogues 4, 5: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 6, 7: listen without the book Dialogues 6, 7: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT9 1096) Tamara Passerby Tamara Passerby Tamara Passerby A station Dialogues Tamara wants to know how to get to Zagorsk Hspuntire, sbi He ckdxere, kak 106xaTb 10 3ar6pcKa? Jiyumre seeré Ha s1extpituKe. Tpocritre, ac kak6ro noKé1a? C Spocsdnckoro, Bonbiniée crracti6o. Toxkényiiera. an dpex or, since 1991, Cépruen Moca, a small city outside Moscow, containing a monastery which many consider the spiritual center of the Russian Orthodox Church ayumi ncer6 best of all KaK 0€xaTs 0 3arépeKa? how do I get to Zagorsk? Yes, the verb has changed! Kak 10éxart 10...? isn't much different from Kak Mpoéxats B/ a...?, but it's better when talking about places further away. Since the preposition 10 is used, the endings are those discussed on page 10S. Ha 9uexTpitake on a suburban train, If Zagorsk were further away, she would have heard wa nese on a train. C kax6ro woxséa? from which station? A railway station is wox3éat. The preposition ¢ means ‘from’ when followed by this genitive ending. station; the word for station has been ¢ ApocucKoro from Yaroslavsky left out since it is understood. HO UNIT9Practice what you have learned Below is a diagram showing five of Moscow's railway stations and the directions in which they face. Underneath is a jumbled list of cities which one can reach from these stations. After reading it, listen carefully to the dialogues and fill in the city which each arrow is pointing towards. (Answers on page 122.) (a) Kfescknit Box 341 > (e) @) A departure and arrivals board Kypexit nox () |__ Bestopyecknii Box3dit © KasducKnii Box3i (iv) Cmonéucx (i) Kummnén (v) Honocu6apex (ii) Caapxana (ii) X4pexon You will be trying to get to one of the above places. Listen to Andrei's prompts. UNIT9 111€) 2 Tamara Clerk Tamara Clerk Tamara 6) 3 Tamara Woman Tamara Woman Tamara Woman » Dialogues At the station Tamara buys a ticket to Zagorsk BYaure moGésHb1, sirre, noxKAnyiicra, osufin Gunér 10 SarépcKa. Ban tys14 4 o6parHo tin T6bKO B OnH KOHEL? BYasre mo6ésHb1, Ty14 u O6parHO. C pac pyOup nécarh. Bospinide cnach6o. Of.awre 0GE3HB1 please, be so kind ‘TéabKo only onitH OHA1éT 30 SaropeKa one ticket to Zagorsk. If you wanted a ticket to Moscow you would ask for: ouiin Ouaiér 20 Mocks: aM Ty:14 H OOparHO? do you want a round-trip ticket? B oft KOHEN a one-way ticket She asks a young woman when the next train will be Hopnniire, wot He ckdxere, Kora Omn-xdiiuian s1eKTpHIKA 10 Sarépexa? Uépes narHamare MHHYT, B 17:30, Ckaxxtire, ac Kaki mardpopMir? TouHo He néMHIO, KéoKeTCs CO RTOpGIi. Tlocmorpiire Ha Ta66. Bonbmide cnacti6o. Tloxdnyficra. korad Gamxdimas saexrphuka x0 3arépexa? when is the next train to Zagorsk? A more common way of saying 'the next train’ is enéayromras ouexTpiaKa, ‘Saexrpiiuxa is a feminine noun. A long-distance train is néeaa. Since this noun is masculine, the question would become: Korstd Gamaxdinunit (or enénytounnit) n6e3n 20 Kena? when is the next train to Kiev? Some other useful questions: Kora népsaa anextpiuxa no Sarépexa? when is the first train to Zagorsk?| Korad nocnéanas a1exrpiuxa x0 Mocksst? when is the last train to Moscow? uépes naTHdauars Munyr in 15 minutes. Not too long to wait — she might have been told wépes monwacd in half an hour, or 4épes uac in an hour. © kak6it naarcpépmei? from which track? The word maarcpopa is feminine. co Bropéit from the second (this is the same preposition ‘from’ — it is simply impossible to pronounce without the o!) ‘Toano He n6mMI0 I don't remember exactly késkerca I think, it seems (to me) Beware of such words ~ if you hear too many in one response, you may want to ask someone else! Nocmorpirre na Ta616 look at the board. In a smaller station, you might be told: nocmorpiire na pacnucdnue look at the timetable. 112 UNITSPractice what you have learned .) 3 Trwee friends went on daytrips out of Moscow. Well they were supposed to be daytrips. .. However, only one bought a round-trip ticket, and the others were stranded. Listen to your recording, then write down what each asked for. (Answers on page 122.) (i) Maitre, noxdayiiera, onin GHAEr .... Bam ryn4 H o6patuo form T6.1bKO B OnsH KONE? (ii) Maitre, noxaayiera, onan Ounér ... Bam Ty24 4 o6parHo Hum T6.1KKO B OMAK KOHEH? (ii) Maitre, noxéayitera, onin Onér .. Bam Ty:14 4 OOpaTHO fu1H T6a1bKO B omN KONE? z 4 ips es pu te eels ae railway station. Only the destination is shown. If you listen carefully to the following snatches of conversation, you should be able to add the time of departure and the track. (Answers on page 122.) Sicnas Tonsua MERA itt ha spéma ornpannénus | | ppéms ornpannéaus | | npéms ornpanaénna (i) i) (iii) . 5 You are a tourist wanting to go to Vladimir. As usual, Andrei will guide you UNITS 113,Ira Clerk tra Clerk tra Clerk Ira Clerk dra Clerk Ira Clerk Dialogues Iraiis at the Aeroflot desk of her hotel booking a flight apdsersyiire. T66pe1i tex. Y pac ects 6unérbt 10 Merep6¥pra Ha 34nrpa? A cK6mbKO BaM MecT HY2KHO? Hea. Ceituéc nocmorpio... Ha 34nrpa, K coxanéHiio, Mect Her. K coxkasnénmvo [ksazhalyényu] unfortunately ¢K6I1KO BAM MeCT HY2kHO? how many seats do you need? ceftude nocmorpro I'l just have a look Meet mer there aren't any seats. Mecr is the genitive plural of méero, a neuter noun. Maybe there are seats for the day after tomorrow? A a nocneséerpa? Ontin Moménr... Ha nlocneséerpa, noxéuyficra, Ha péficet B 7:35, B 14:25, B 18:35. mecté ect», Tléitre, noxaényiicra, upa Gunéva Ha 14:25, Tloxkdnyficra, kdeca pinom, yruiarire, noxdutyficra, 9a Onnér. Cnach6o. Beeré Hauryumero. Cuactavinoro nioséra! ‘omin momént one moment xécca pinom the cashier is at the next desk yusarire, noxdsyiicra, 3a Ousér pay (there) please for the ticket Beeré Hanayunero all the best euacrumnoro noxéra! have a good flight! ‘ana nlocaesésrpa? what about the day after tomorrow? If Ira needed to travel on a specific day of the week she would ask for OHNéT Ha NOHeAENBHMK, Ha BTOPHMK, Ha cpésty etc na péficbt 87:35, w 14:25, w 18:35 mecré ect there are seats on flights at 7:35, at 14:25 and at 18:35 aga Gunéra wa 14:25 2 tickets for the 14:25 camonér airplane 114 UNITSPractice what you have learned > 6 The Acroftot assistant has alist of flights still available, with a note of how many tickets are available on each. Listen to your recording. Cross out any flights on your list which are now fully booked. Readjust the number of seats available after all three customers have been served. (Answers on page 122.) (i) ma cerénna (12:25) (oniu Gunér) (ii) wa séerpa (14:25) (a Guxéra) (iii) Ha mocneséerpa (18:35), (uerwipe Ounéra) .) te You will be buying tickets for flights to Moscow. Listen to Andrei for full details as | AK M 529921 Bpewa navaaa pernerpause sea : (SO PARET ote... fo af Rene RACE Ge MT TAS | +] my. a [72a ben Ph ae ALLAN. Sey UA | o SAGHERTY] a, cane v Homer AgMPMENTA Pony ber era id ocposatne.. mon nsPtueNt vacowe “e:ceneiBunitA UNIT9 1156 ¢) Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Tanya Clerk Dialogues At her hotel Tanya asks about renting a car Supancrayiire. 3upancrayiire, Y bac MOxkHO BaaTE HanpoKér Mamuiny? Toskanyiicra. Kakyio Mamtitny ot iperiounréere? Cpésio.. 51 pexomeHutyo Bam Hrican Bay6épu. Xopouis. A ckébko $10 GYuter cCrGHTE B eH? S10 créur 40 nés1apor 6e3 crpax6pKu. A neeré cK6mbKO? * Beeré Sto GYner créMTb 40 n6nIapoR HOC 3 AGsIApa crpaxdeKa mumoc Gensiin. a pexomensay1o nam... I recommend... mn0¢ TPH 6s1apa erpaxdaka toc GeHsAH plus 3 dollars insurance, plus gasoline Y Bac MOKHO B3ATE HaMpoKéT Mauifny? can I rent a car here? Kakj1o Mauniny Bit mpeanounTéere? which car would you prefer? In her response Tanya could have said # mpestnoumravo I prefer, or simply # xouy T want. cpéamtor medium-sized. A big car would be Goa»uryto and a small one Masrenbxyto. By the way, do always listen carefully to the ending of KaKéa? which? since any adjective you use in response will probably have the same ending. Cx6.1nK0 S70 6fneT cr6WTE B jeHK? how much will that cost per day? She might have asked how much it will cost per week ek6sbKo 50 Ofer cTOMTE BHeNéN0? Ge3 erpax6sxn without insurance. Bes ‘without’ is another preposition which is followed by the genitive case. Beer6 cK61bKO? how much all together? Tanya will take it ‘Sto mena yerpdupaer, Ha Kax6it cpok Bot xorsire B3aTb MaLuiiHy? Ha nenémo. Tloxkényiicra, néirre Me cBo¥ KpesirHyto KéprouKy H mpand. Bor, noxanyfiera. Cnacii6o... Bospaiite, noxduyiicra... S70 6Ynet cTOHTb BaM TpricTa narrHduiart 16su1apoB. Xopomns. Mauusiny ppt BosbMére B Hdiiem rapaxké, Cracii6o, Ilo cauaduns, npuxonitre ene. $10 Meni yerpaupaer that suits me mpana driver's licence (plural in Russian) B Haute rapaxxé in our garage npuxositre em come again 116 UNIT9Oleg Clerk Oleg Clerk Oleg Clerk Oleg Clerk Oleg 9 wa KaK6ii cpox? for what period of time? ua nenémo fora week. Or you might want it for two weeks wa swe Hené.IH. AairTe Mune cnovo KpenitTHyt0 K4prouKy M upana give me your credit card and driving licence cvoro/séuny — both forms are possible here. There is more about cpoii, cBosi, ‘ep0é on page 138. Bosbmitre, noxdayiiera take (it) please. The two other forms of the verb Baas, ‘to take’ you will need are: a BOIbMY I will take BBI BoabMére you will take ‘pticra three hundred. Four hundred is wersipecra and five hundred ATHCOT. Practice what you have learned In the dialogue below Oleg is looking for a small car. Certain key words have been left out and are jumbled up in the box below. Listen to your recording, then fill in the gaps. (Answers on page 122.) 0 Cx6.Ko O¥aer CTOHTE ManeHbKaR Mamma B Gi) crpaxéuxn 50 n6.anapos . (iii) A... ck6bKO? ww) _aésu1apa Beer6 5ro Ofer crdur $0 n6..1apop mn06 .. o ‘erpaxénka . . Genstin. Sto Meus yerpaupaer. wi KaK6it cpox nbt xoTHtTe BoaTb MaMuiny? (wit) Ha... wit) Toxéayitera, néirre mue samy Kpeniruy¥o KApTOUKY H .. Bor, noxkéayitera. npasi Ges ma wceré.eném0 = TpM_— eH» atvoc You are a visitor to Moscow on a fairly limited budget. You will be practicing asking for different sizes of car, saying how long you need the car for and asking the crucial question about cost. UNIT9 117Key words and phrases To use KaK joéxarb 10 3arépeKa? © KaK6ro BoK3a.1a? onset Onsnér uaa (TpH, 4eTsipe) GuéTa ao Terep0ypra a0 Mocks ‘TysK4 4 OGparHO Bonin KONE kornd caéayioutas eK Tphuka 10...? Korsid cxéayLoMUN n6e3 10...” ¢ Kak6it nnaT¢6pMut? y Bac ecTb OMNETEI... na ceréna? na santpa? na nocaesderpa? na perc p 14.25? Y BAC MOKHO B3ATS HAMpOKAT... mauniny? auenpKyso mauufiny? epéanio10 mamniny? Gosrmunyro manutiny? CK6BKO 570 O¥aer CTONTH Benn? Bnenémo? Berd cK6m5KO? BIATS (A BOILMY, BLI BOILMETE) AXONS BHT /x BOIbMY MaUIHY... na Henés110 na je Henan To understand Ha sek TpituKe na néease uépes maTHasuaTs MungT nocmorpitre Ha Ta6.16 CKONBKO BAM MecT HY2HO? wa s4BTpa Mec HeT na 34pTpa mecra ech Ha KaKOA CpoK BbIXoTHTe BATH Mamuiny? 6e3 erpaxdnKn Tunoc Gen3in how do I get to Zagorsk? from which station? one ticket two (three, four) tickets to St. Petersburg to Moscow there and back one-way when is the next suburban trai when is the next train to...? from which track? do you have tickets... for today? for tomorrow? for the day after tomorrow? for the flight at 14:25? do you have for rent... acar? a small car? amedium car? abig car? how much will that cost... per day? per week? how much all together? to take (I will take, you will take) I want to take /I will take the car... for a week for two weeks by suburban train by train in fifteen minutes look at the board how many seats do you need? there are no seats tomorrow there are seats tomorrow for how long would you like the car? without insurance plus gasoline 18 UNITS10 New words: Grammar Verbs Russian verbs have six different endings depending on who is performing the action. There are patterns which you can follow in order to work out the ending for a verb you have never seen before. The first type of verb ‘conjugates’ (changes its endings) like the verb saab (to know): HAO Tknow ‘Tet audeum —_-you know (sing. to a child or a friend) on/ona sndet he/she knows MbI 3H4eM we know nb andere you know (pl. or more formal) out aHdtor they know The verbs 34mpakars (to have breakfast), o66naTs (to have lunch), §-xwnarre (to have dinner) conjugate in this way, as does the important verb MOMMA'S (to understand). There are also many verbs whose infinitives end in -eTb or -wk. Most of these will conjugate like rowopfrrs (to speak): a ronopto I speak ‘Tet roBopiium you speak (sing. to a child or a friend) on/oud ronopirr he/she speaks Mbironopfim we speak Bhi ronopitre you speak (pl. or more formal) oui rosopir they speak Here are three important verbs that follow the same pattern: emorpérs: (10 look, watch) cr6uTs (to cost) nmOMHHTE (to remember) A word of warning: You can't be sure that a verb will follow the above patterns. There are quite a lot of irregular verbs which unfortunately just have to be learned. the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses. (Answers on page axypuda, (umrérs — to read) Sra mapka 1114 annaxounépra w Auramo? (crourn) pecropine. (snrpakars, o6é1aT») (ii) CkéanKo ii) Own a6Ma, a (iv) Bor... mo-pyeekm? — Ja, a. emudro. (rosopiirs) (vy) Morne rae $ro Kacbé. (3HaTb) (vi) Ona xopom no- (v) aHéem (vi) HonMMéeT (vii) eyuraem (viii) rosoprins; wurrév0 (ix) nésauT (x) eréar 122. UNIT9CY You will learn to make a booking in a restaurant to order a meal for one and for a group to ask for vegetarian dishes to find out about drinks to ask for the bill and you will read about how Russians entertain Before you begin You will find it useful to look over Unit 4 in conjunction with this unit, Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned jogues 3, 4: listen without the book jogues 3, 4; listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogues 5-7: listen without the book Dialogues 5-7; listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases ‘Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT10 123Dialogues ¢ 3 1 ‘Seanya has dropped tnat'a cooperative cajé for lunch Tanya 3npéscrayiire. Waiter T66puiit newb. Tanya _Idirre, noxxényiicra, Mer, Waiter Tpomy osHaxémurecst. Tanya — 3uech Tak MHOro Gmon. A “To BEI opeKomeHsIyere? Waiter XONGHOE 4 BAM MOPEKOMEHLY10 N6GHO. Do GuKou0 rpyshHcKOH KYXHH, O4eHb BKYCHOE, Tanya A waropfiuee? Waiter A na ropiiuee — 1 Tax mai, uTo KMeBcKy!o KOTIETY. Tanya CnaciiGo. Mento menu pouty osHaK6mmTEes please look at it 3166n0 a Georgian vegetable dish with green beans and walnuts BKYcHBIt, -ax, -0€ tasty | auecb Tak Muéro Gmtoq there are so many dishes here. Mu6ro 'much/many' is always followed by a noun in the genitive case. Buon is the genitive plural of Ovox0. | ro est nopexomenayere? what would you recommend? A nopexomenayio I would recommend » | Ha xon6aoe for the cold dish, hors d'oeuvres na ropiuee for the hot dish Instead of wa xon6anoe you will often hear wa saxycky, while wa ropéuee is another way of saying wa Bropée for the second course. On this occasion no first course of soup was offered. % | Garon0 rpysiinexon Kyxum a Georgian dish. You might also be offered: Gaon0 pyeeKon KYxwu_ a Russian dish G:vouo ykpasncKoit KYxHm_ a Ukrainian dish # | a rax nymato, wo KiescKyto KoTxéry I would think Kiev cutlet. Although the meaning is clear, this sentence does not bear grammatical scrutiny! = 2 “tanya has finished hermneal Tanya CrractiGo 3a conér. Bcé Gxis10 6ueHt BKYCHO. Waiter A ro pam mpuecrit na secépr? Tanya — CnacriGo, # y>xé cprré. Eom MOxkHo, uduneaky Ké¢e. Waiter BYuer uciémeno. Oyaer ucndanexo it will be done | cnact6o 3a conér thank you for the advice. For’ in this sense is 9a. “Thank you for everything” would be enaci6o 3a ncé, | ncé Gxi0 6uens BKYcHO it was all very tasty. If you are still eating, you can use the present tense: Beé duew» wxYeno it’s all very tasty. | 470 Bam npunectit wa necépr? what can I bring you for dessert? That day the café offered Mopéaxenoe ice cream, Komm6r fruit compote, pomonast GaGa rum baba and Gamust pancakes. 9 | a yaKé corré I'm already full. A man would say: 1 yaxé corr. 4 | €cam m6xxHo, wémeuKy K6cbe if possible a cup of coffee. Once again the verb has been left out. She might have said mpmecitre bring me. ‘“émeuxy is a common diminutive form. You could also ask for wdmuxy K6cbe. 124 UNIT 102 Lyena Waiter Lyena Waiter Practice what you have learned ‘The café in the dialogues offers dishes of many nationalities. In the menu, the dishes and their origins are mixed up. If you listen to the following snatches of conversation, you will be able to match them correctly. (Answers on page 134.) MEHIO (i) Kornérs1 nowrdscxue (a) 6mws0 rpyaiicKoit KYxHH (ii) Gecb-erpéranon (b) Gm¥On0 ykpafinickoit KYxHH (iii) xauangpu (cheese dish) (c) Gnxono p¥cckolt KYxHI Read the following dialogue and see if you can work out which words are missing before listening to your recording. (Answers on page 134.) ® @ .conér. — Beé Oxin0 6uens t Craci6o .. A uro nam npunecri . necépr? dv) Curach6o, 9 yx ... Beam MOx«n0, .. Toxanyicra. ‘Your name is Lara, and you are looking for a lightish meal. Andrei will prompt you. Meet «9 Typeounatne «HOMARADRO® KOMEMAT nWTAWHH ny Upadtiticde 4 Ev x 995426 Kopage «A aq dense * coo UNIT 10 125Dialogues 6) 3 > Pavel wants to book a table for this evening Pavel — J166ppiii néuep. Waiter —T66peiit névep. Pavel Bui 3Hdere, y Moéit KeHHI CerOIHA Hb poxKnéHHs. Waiter A bac riosiipasitsvo. Pavel Mor # saxasars cerésuna crémHK? Waiter Beaycnénno. Ha orépsii 4ac? Pavel Yacds Ha ceMb, Ha TAT 4eTOREK Waiter Jlessrdmarb Hom Hom, stTb nepe6H. B nocemmdsuars Tpfuuuar’ Mbt Bac 2 T1EM. Gesycnénno of course, without a doubt » | y moét xen ceréaus nem, poxaénus it’s my wife's birthday today. If it was your birthday, You would say y Mens cer6j1na eH pork neHMs, » | # pac nosupasniio congratulations. More commonly addressed to the person whose birthday it is, but then this waiter has a style of bis own... » | Morg saxasére ceréaua crénmx? may I order a table today? It is more correct to say ‘for today’ — wa ceréans. Morg x... can I.” is another way of asking M6xHO...? » | ua kor6ppiit ac? for what time? Pavel uses wa in his answer: wac6s wa cent for about seven. You put the noun before the number in Russian to indicate approximation. | Ha nse veaonéx for five people. If there were 2, 3 or 4 he would have said: wa 2, 3, 4 wexonéxa. » | essrndanars noms Hon, maT» nepcdH 19:00, 5 persons. speak! » | mui pac aaém we're expecting you. The infinitive of this verb is nats to expect, to wait for — ‘Tam expecting/waiting for you' would be # pac Ay. G2 4 Does the café sell alcohol? Pavel A MOxxo y pac aaKadrb BHHO fuIM mpyrfe crMprHkie HantirKH? Waiter Bui atidere, y Hac Katé GesankordsbHoe. Ho npHoGpecthi w saKaséry CHMpTHEie HaTitTKH Y Hac MOxKHO 3a BAILIOTY. Pavel A cu Mbi ipuHecém ¢ coG6i? Waiter M6xxo nipnnectii c coB6it. Mit Gem T6.1bKo OeHtb pati, KEM Bac. Pavel CniaciiGo. Waiter Beer 166poro. apyrée cumpruiie namirkn other alcoholic drinks wo but mpHoopecrit to acquire Mb 6f1eM T6.14K0 Guent pastst we will be only too pleased | Méxno y ac 3aKa34rp Bund...? can we order wine... here? . » | y wac Kacbé GesaaKoré.nHoe ours is a non-alcoholic café. The waiter's interpretation of ‘non- alcoholic’ would seem to be somewhat loose! » | m6acno 3a paory one can for foreign currency ‘we bring it ourselves? If you were by yourself, you would ask: » | écm mut upanecém c coos? écam a mpunecf ¢ co66i? | After méaxno the infinitive is always used: MoxKHO mpauecta c co66i you can bring it with you. 126 UNIT 10Practice what you have learned isten to the snatches of conversation on your recording, then fill in the missing spaces in the waiter's list of bookings for the evening. (Answers on page 134.) [waxorépuiiuac?——==SS=SCa eXGtbKO enone? |) 6 acée : | ai ms na spa wenonéxa Gi) 630 ww) a oaworé wesonéxa Shura rings the café to book a table. Listen to the conversation, then decide which of the statements in your book are true, which false. (Answers on page 134.) (i) Itis her husband's birthday today. (ii) She wants a table for 7 people. (iii) They will come at about 8 o'clock. (iv) They can get wine but not other alcoholic drinks. You are taking some Russian friends out to dinner, You'll need to book in advance. Listen for Andrei's prompts. UNIT10. 127Dialogues 5: Pavel and his friends are ready to order Waiter J166peiit néuep. A wac cna, Pavel. Tloxkastyiicra, npuméie y Hac 3aK43. Waiter A pac cayurai0. Pavel Moi pentitnn saxir» 4 candra u9 xon6qHBIx 9aKYCOK, 13 FopsuHX BaKYcox, noxditylicra, CBHHMHY o-rpéueckH, cauHMHY HaTypabHy1o HOMHY, JtBe CBMHMHBI Ha KOCTOUKe. Waiter Xopomd. cauniina no-rpéweckn Greck-style pork cpuniina naTypaubnas grilled pork cBunitna wa K6crouKe pork on the bone + [pumirre y wac saKa take our order | a pac cafmato lit. I am listening to you.’ This is business-like but perfectly polite, $ | mor pemian paste... we have decided to take... If a man was ordering for himself only, he would say: « peunixt paaTs.... A woman would say: A peuthiia BI51Tb... 9 | servipe canéra m3 xox6ambIx saKfeoK four salads from the cold hors- oeuvres. Pavel makes a mistake in his next request — he says #3 rop@4nx 3ak§cox ‘from the hot hors-d'oeuvres,, whereas in fact it is w3 ropsunx Ga1ox ‘from the hot dishes’. The preposition wa (from) is also followed by genitive endings. 6 Are there any vegetarian dishes? Pavel Boi aiidere, Bot cpemi Hac ect omfit nereapHanen. Bet Morstti Gut eMy 4T6-HHGyms MpesIOKATS? Waiter Ta, 1 Mory ipensioxxtiTb omnér ¢ TpHOAMH, ¢ CKipoM, OH Ges Mica. Pavel Xopomis, noxkényficra. omaér c rpuGamu, ¢ ekipom_ an omelette with mushrooms and cheese cpeait nac ecrs... in our group (lit. among us) there is. # | sererapuanen (m.) a vegetarian. A vegetarian woman is pererapuduKa, § | abt moran Gu1...? would you be able to...? This is a very polite formula when making a request. It is commonly used in the negative: Bt we Mor. 6u1...? you couldn't... could you? ¥ | eMy 476-nm6yan mpenstoxrers to suggest something for him. You will find ‘more about emy in the grammar section on page 131. » | on Ges méica it (i. the omelette) is without meat. A vegetarian might also want to check that it has no fish: Gea ps6, and a vegan that it has no dairy products: Ge3 Mo6unbIx mponykToB. They have finished the meal and are ready to pay Pavel Tloxduyiicra, npuuectite Ham cuér. Waiter Tipoury bac, cuér rorés. | Pavel CniactiGo, cnéan He #10. Bc8 Oris10 Suen BKYCHO. Buaronapi Bac. Waiter Bcer6 n66poro. Pavel Ilo cannéuina. 128New word: » npoury wae please cuér rorée_ the bill is ready Gnarojapio sac another way of saying 'thank you’ Beer 166poro all the best noxdayiicra, mpuuectre Ham cuér please bring us our bill ‘aim He néx0 keep the change (lit. no need for change) Practice what you have learned Read the menu below before beginning the exercises, MEHIO XONOJHBIE 3AKYCKM (i) cand Wéranit (ii) cand wa nommadpos (tomato salad) (iii) n66n0 (iv) Kpdenas uxpé (red caviar) TOPAMHE BITKOIA (v) _PpHGxi w emerane (mushrooms cooked in sour cream) ..... (vi) counfina natypaanuas (vii) camnima no-rpéseckn (viii). Gnepurréxe narypansunuit (grilled beefsteak) (ix) _pér ¢ péiGoi (fish pie) (x) omaér ¢ rpuGamn H cxipom (mushroom and cheese omelette) Natasha is ordering for a group of eight people. Listen to the dialogue on your recording, then mark on the menu above how many portions they would like of each dish. (Answers on page 134.) ‘The waiter has never had a group like this before - vegetarians, a vegan, someone on a diet... Listen to your recording and write down how he caters to each person's needs. (Answers on page 134.) mécno butter, oil (i) 476-nnGys Ges Maca .. (ii) 476-nnGys Ges Maca H Ge3 pLIoni (iii) 476-nnGy:» 6e3 Maca, peiGsI H MonOUHBIX MpoayKTOR (iv) 416-nnGyitb Ge3 Maca You will be ordering a meal for yourself and a friend. UNIT 10 129Key words and phrases To use 4To BBI HopeKomennyere... Ha xos16H0e? Ha ropauee? Bot Morand Obt 476-HUGy mB mpensi0xK iT? MOxuO (/ Mory 5) saKa3éTb... eréam acés ua ces? Ha mare wenonéx? na 2, 3, 4 wenonéKa? cHMprncie wanirKH? *KMATh (8 KY, MbI KEM) npunecré (51 mpunecy, mii mpunecém) Upunectire, noxéayaera, ... cuer mento Mpuitre y nae 3aK: Mbt peuniin BasTb. cnacti6o 3a copér cmach6o 3a nce Beé 6610 GHeHE BKYcHO a yxxé corr (£.) / corr (m.) conden ne Hino To understand A HOPEKOMEH S10... Gurono rpysincKoi Kixun Garouo pyeckoi KYxHit ‘470 Bam pantech Ha necépr? Ha KOTOpsii wac? Ynac Kacbé Gesankorda5H0e MOxHO 3a BamoTy "ie Ci gor oe what do you recommend... for the cold dish? for the hot dish? would you be able to suggest anything? can I ordei atable. for about 7 o'clock? for 5 people? for 2, 3, 4 people? alcoholic beverages? to wait (for), to expect (Iam waiting, we are waiting) to bring (I will bring, we will bring) bring me please... the bill the menu take our order we have decided to have... thank you for the advi thank you for everything everything was very tasty I'm already full keep the change I would recommend. a Georgian dish a Russian dish what can I bring you for dessert? for what time? our café is non-alcoholic one can for foreign currency 130 UNIT 1010 Grammar Pronouns Pronouns are used instead of nouns when it’s clear who is referred to, e.g. Tanya reads Pushkin. She reads Dostoevsky too. Just as a noun can have many endings depending on its function in the sentence, so too can the pronoun, The dative case is used to refer to the indirect object of a sentence, e.g. give the book to me. Pronouns with dative endings are particularly useful when you are shopping or ordering meals, being used after verbs such as ar 'to give’ (xditrre mue... give me...), mpaecrit ‘to bring’ and mpesaoxrr® 'to offer, suggest’, They are also used before nAsto and wyaxwo, both of which ‘mean ‘necessary’, e.g. MHe Haj10 paGOrars,'I have to work’, BaM HYKeH BTOp6A Tpos1éHGyc 'you need a No. 2 trolleybus’. Here are all the dative pronoun endings: Mae tome ‘reoe to you (sing,) emy to him ef toher nam tous Bam to you (pl. or formal) uM to them Here is an example of how they work: 4 xo4f nooGéaaTs. “Ero BbI MHe HopeKomensyere? ‘Tht XOUeMIE HOOKEIATH? A 4TO TeOE MpHHeCTA? oud x6uer nooGénaTs. “ro nbi elt nopeKomensyere? xoTHM noobénaTs. “ro BbI HaM MopeKoMenyeTe? bbt xorfire noodéaaTs. “iro Bam upanecrh? Out xorar nooGénaTE. Io BDI HM MopeKomenagere? Fill in the missing pronouns in the following sentences. (Answers on page 134.) (i) Mate anéem, wro saKasérs. “0 BBs... MopeKOMeHyere? (ii) But xorfrre mpoéxars wa ApGd? ......... uy>keH BTOpGi ‘Tpoanénoye, (iii) Mos n64xa sererapnanxa. Bot moraé Oot wr6-nnOysb MpemioxKiTh? (iv) On ne Méxer 066127» B pecropane,....... KANO pabOraTE. (v) 3uech Tax Muro Gmt0g, Tro Bi nopexomenayere? A .. HopeKomens1f10 2166H0. (vi) Mat ne xorim aecépr. [Ipunectire.......... ewer, noaéayaicra. (vii) Moit my na smére. Bot He Mora Obr ....... 4TO-HMOYAb mpesioxcitre? ‘Sro nium nérn, Téivre .. UT6-HNGyb BKYcHOE Ha O66. UNIT 10 131il New words: Read and understand ‘Two cooperative cafés have opened in the center of Moscow. Both hang the day's menu in the wit low. Read the menus, then decide which café would best suit each of the visitors to Moscow described below. (Answers on page 134.) (a) KOONEPATHBHOE KA@E 'TEPEMOK' | Xonéamme Oona 316640 Bamuni ¢ uKpoit Canér 6e3 macna Tléppnie Ox1ona Cyn ropéxopsiit c méicom Yeparinicxii Copu, Bysmén Broptie (ropaune) Garona Tpu6si 6 cmeranie Comniina Harypémonaa Bec-crpéranon Bucburréxe warypamnntit Hecépr Mop6xeHoe q Pomonas Gé6a pyxrot roay6ust stuffed cabbage Bapénse jam (b) KOONEPATABHOE KA®E 'MOCKBA' Xoadquuie 6.11028 Candér'Jléranit’ Candér ‘Ap6ar’ Mikpé xpécras Tlépssie Oona Yxa (pxiGuesti cyn) Byn6n Cyn no-peretapudnckn Bropsie (ropiune) Garona TonyGusi Tpu6si p cmerane Tlup6r ¢ priGori Omuiér ¢ rpuGamn Mecépr Bani c napénnem Mopéxenoe Kommér (i) Maria would like to try as many national dishes as possible. Gi) Stefan is a vegetarian (he eats no meat or fish). (ii) David is on a strict slimming diet, (iv) Nina prefers fish to meat. She also has a very sweet tooth. aa ee 132 UNIT 10Did you know? Westerners invited to Russians’ homes, or to a restaurant with them, often leave convinced that their friends are well off, and that no problems exist They don't of course see the lines their friends have waited in, the hours spent obtaining and preparing special dishes, coffee, drinks and sweets. But then their friends don’t want them to. Russians do not stop at half-measures when entertaining guests, or celebrating special occasions such as birthdays, name days (the day of the saint after whom a person is named), New Year. If you go to somebody's home, everything they have is likely to be put on the table at one time, and you will be repeatedly urged to keep cating. (There is a fable by the famous writer Krylov on this very theme — the guest finally rushes out of the house unable to take another mouthful!) ‘Vodka and other alcoholic drinks will be served just as liberally - if they are available. In the mid 1980s, when severe restrictions were put on the sale of alcohol, many people felt resentful that perfectly innocent socializing had been curtailed: how could they invite guests without a single bottle of alcohol to place on the table? ‘We mentioned in Unit 4 that the majority of Russians do not frequently dine in restaurants. However, they may invite friends for an evening in a restaurant in order to celebrate a special occasion. There they will show the same generosity as in their homes. Incidentally, it would not occur to a waiter to ask diners if they are paying together or separately — it could even be taken as an insult! R Ha Vea unr F138, fo~ G20 viphio { == 3,90 ATL —yc0 Ye boretGf 14 Shawl» 15,5 1 Maria Dmitrievna Lyena Maria Dmitrievna Lyena » 6) 2 Maria Dmitrievna Olya Maria Dmitrievna Olya Maria Dmitrievna Olya Dialogues Maria Dmitrievna is chatting with Lyena Jéna, a r41 moO mKésy? Bui audere, He Guens. A sro TH mOGHuM néaTE? A Suen mo6mn6 ynTéTS, XOsTH BKHHG, Hrpare B TEHHHC. ‘Tb1 10GMuLL uIK6ay? do you like school? The Bx form of this verb is Bb aufoGure, and the response may well include @ 1106.0 'I like’. The verb au06#Ts can mean ‘to like’ and ‘to love’, so do be careful! He 6uens not much. If she felt more negative she would simply say 1 we 06.010, and if more positive, 1 6uenb 106% Ilike... very much. 4To Thi O6uuN énaTb? what do you like to do? Jlo6frs can be followed either by a noun (in the accusative case), or by a verb, always in the infinitive (the form shown in a dictionary). XOaHTE B KHHG to go to the movies. Some other places: xonérTh B TedTp to 20 to the theatre, xouniers 8 pecropan to go to a restaurant, xoamT wa AmeKoréxy to go to a discotheque. Remember that J go’ is # xoxxy. urparp 8 réunuc to play tennis. I's easy to talk about sports in Russian, since the vast majority of words are international, e.g. arpars w chy 66a, 8 BomeHO6n, B GanMuHTon. Which subjects does Olya like? Ona, a kakfie urk6mbHBIe IpesMérst Tet NOOHLE? A 106.06 nwreparypy u HcTOpHio. A kak6ii MHocTpaHMbiit savik Tet Hay aderb? AuraiiicKnit 131K. A tol yKé xopomns sideut aHrsiitcK Hit? Yoé1o unrérb, Ho xyake roHOPH, awrepatypa literature neropus history yxé already Kaxtie mk6abMbIe mpeaMETDs THI sHOGHUNE? Which school subjects do you like? Kak6il mnocrpanubiit 361K THI Wayudems? which foreign language do you study? In schools of the Russian Federation only one foreign language is normally studied. Olya has left out the verb in her reply. She might have said: a way4iito anramiteKuit 361K. Other languages commonly studied are Heméukuit 4361 German and cppannyackwit s261K French, ymévo aura Ican read. Yére really means ‘to know how to’, i.e. 'to have| learned’. Ho x¥2Ke rowopro but I speak it worse. A common complaint! If she didn't speak at all, she would say: # He yméto ronopiirs Ho-aurafiiekn. XYaKe ‘worse’ is the comparative form of n6xo ‘badly’. She could have been less negative, and just said she reads better ~ a yume unréio. 136 UNIT 11Practice what you have learned ‘Sasha asks three of his neighbors whether they like their school or work, and what activities they enjoy. You will find their responses jumbled up below. Listen to the recording and unravel who likes (or doesn't like) what. (Answers on page 146.) (Ona (Gi) Hawa (iii) Anna Beésoxononna (a) Ane Guen» 106.1% cnoio pabory. (b) 1 ne 106.1% unKéay. (©) Aue 6uens 106m coon MACTHTYT. (d) 1 moa urpars w GackeT66x u xommTs Ha ANCKOTEKY. A He son HHT ATH. (©) A m06.20 xonier (f) A mo6.ar xomire, ‘Tedirp uw xun6. 1 He 11001 enopr. BTearp m uHTaTE. You will be playing the role of Seryozha, a less than communicative university student. UNIT 137¢) 3 Mila Natasha Mila Natasha Mila Natasha (> 4 Mila Natasha Mila Natasha Dialogues What is Natasha's favorite time of the year? Kakée spéms réna Bb 66nbure mOGHTe? Hy, nec fun néro, noxkdnyli, Gémbut1e 11éro A niouemy fiero 1é10? Hy, 4 He 64eHb mO6md CBO pa6Sry, a. néTOM y Mena StNYCK, BOIMOKHOCTS OTHOXHYTE Ha MGpe. Hy, OTHOXHYTE MO2KHO Beith XOPOUIG H HMO, KATaTLCA Ha TEDKAX, Ha KOHBK&X, IpScTO Ory:14Tb B IAMHEM slecy. Ja, Ho # m06m saroparh H 14RaTs, a néroM — Sto mYumtiee Bpémst réza. ny well KaTATHCH Ha KOHBKAX to ice skate noxinya probably nlorynarb B afMem sec§ to walk famenno specifically in the winter forest Bes after all aaroparb to sunbathe npécro simply uxapats to swim kaTaThes Ha WeDKAX tO ski kaxde Bpémsi r6u1a abi O6arbute 3¥OOwTe? what time of the year do you prefer? Bésbure means ‘more’, so 0A G6s1bINe is to like more, to prefer’. pec fun a€TO, noxKAuyi, O6.xbme AéTO spring or summer, probably summer more. She might also have preferred écea autumn or afimy winter, All these nouns are in the accusative case after m0G#Ts. nlowemy smenno 1670? why specifically summer? A He Suen 1106m%0 cBoro padéry I don't like my work very much. The Pronoun cBoif, cBoa, cBoé can mean ‘my own’, 'your own! ‘his own’ etc., depending on who is the subject of the sentence. It has the same endings as Moll, Mosi, Moé ‘my’. aaérom y Meus Grnyck Ihave my vacation in summer BOIMOAHOCTS OT:OXHYTS Ha MOpe the possibility of having a vacation lit. to rest) by the sea OTAOXHYTS MOAHO Bes XOPOUIG H 3MMOH One can have a good vacation in winter too 4ro ayumee spéms réna it's the best time of the year. The word for 'best’ here is an adjective. If you were referring to a masculine noun, you would say; funni, and if to a feminine noun: afumas., How about a cup of coffee? Créaare pam wéueuxy Kécpe? A G6nbue 06.00 aii. Ho wait y Hac TOKO asepOaivK4HcK Hit, O ner, # 66mbiNe ToGo HeFiI6HCKH. Tornd, Noxényticra, uémeuKy K6the, Ho Opasvutickoro! 4a tea rors then 138 UNITI16 New words: 6 4 ‘cuésiarp Bam wdueuky K6cpe? shall Imake you a cup of coffee? Cnénars, is used rather than xémarb to talk about making something on a specific occasion, Prefixes are added to many verbs in Russian for this purpose, e.g.: quTb to drink BEINMTs uduuKy K6cpe to drink a cup of coffee 66s to have lunch Tule 3u4ech MOAKHO OxIcTpo HOOGEAT? where can one get a quick lunch here? (More about these prefixed verbs on page 189.) ait y Hac T6abKo asepOaiuvxancxmit we only have Azerbaijani tea. Another type of tea commonly available is rpyaviuckuit uait Georgian tea, All the people we spoke to preferred neitnéucxwit sait Sri Lankan tea or muuiitexmit 4ait Indian tea, udueuxy Kécbe, Ho Opasiseoro! a cup of coffee, but Brazilian! To ask for a cup of tea, you would say: sémeuxy 4a. If you share Natasha's taste in tea, you can ask: 6enm M6xKHO, leiuTONcKOrO if possible Ceylon. You may be in luck! Practice what you have learned ‘0 axfcax ne cnépst' (to each his own). Some people are asked which season they like. Listen to their response, and write in the season each picks and why. (Answers on page 146.) (i) Kona (ii) Anna (ii) Tana compar rpHGEI to collect mushrooms Read the statements below, then listen to your recording and determine what (i) Anna would like some grape juice. (ii) Tanya prefers coffee, but asks for Indian tea, (iii) Sergei prefers Georgian wine, so asks for vodka. UNIT IT 139Cs Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna » 6) 6 Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich 6) 7 Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Dialogues Js Larisa Alekseevna a Muscovite? Jlaprica Anekcéenua, abi Mockpriuka? Ha, * ponmtact 8 Mockré 1 Bclo KH3Hb 2KMBY si1ecb. Bur m00itTe Mock sy? A m063% MockB§, Ho Gers mo6m6 crapy!o Mockpy, Tam, rte # ponmrdce. crépbii, -as,-oe old MocksituKa a Muscovite woman. A Muscovite man is MockBiu. 8 posurics, 8 Mocksé I was bon in Moscow. A man would say: 5 pomiacs. HW BCIO XKH3Hb KUBY Bech and have lived here all my life. It is the present tense in Russian because she is still living in Moscow now. ‘Tam, rule poswrice where I was born What does Boris Mikhailovich think of Moscow? Bopfic Muxaitstonny, ppt s106ure répon MockBy? 51 He 061% Mocksy. Tlouemy? Mocké 64eHs Gonbii6it répon, OueHb MHOro monéit, MHOrO ‘TpaHcriopra, HesricTbilt BOSMYX. A Bot s10GuTe Apart? ApOar 4 sn06m10. Ho # G6sbine 106m MéneHEKHe roposté. A kaksie ropoud ppt sm0OHTe? Al 06m crappie ropond: Poctés Beniikuit, Hésropou, HséHono n apyriie. Mu6ro s106i many people. The word for ‘people’ is avon, We noted in Unit 10 that nouns always go into the genitive case after mu6ro. Mu6ro Tpancnopra much traffic neuficrotii néaayx polluted air. By removing me- you have wiierbiit BOsayx fresh air. répox a city; ropond cities. There are some masculine nouns whose plural ends in -4. Why does Boris Mikhailovich like Rostov Veliky? A 3a 4ro Bot m06HTe Poctés Bestixuit? B Pocténe Bestfikom MHGro BCSKHX CTapuix HéMATHHKOR, HepKBéit. A pol cafinain Kors1é-HHOy 1b pocTOackHte KonOKONa? Mla. Tam ects néiicrayromme népkeu, 1 4 CYAN HX 3BOH. A Bot O8isIH TAM B MoHacTHIpE? Ila, 6bun, H HeomHOKparHO. namatauk monument wx. their Korité-HMGyn ever 3B0H chimes (pocréncxe) konoKond MoHAcTEIp monastery (Rostov) church bells HeonHoKpatHo several times 140 UNITA scene from St Petersburg (left), and The Sokolniki Cathedral in Moscow (right) ro us 1700wTe...? why do you like...? (lit. for what do you like...?) Mu6ro BCAKHX CT4pIX NAMATHHKOB, HepKBEH many of all kinds of old monuments, churches. All these words have genitive plural endings after Muéro. The word for church’ in the nominative case (the one you'll find in, the dictionary) is népxons. bt cafuran...? have you heard...? Boris Mikhailovich replies # enya Thave heard. A woman would say: # cymata, aéitcreyroume 1épkeH active churches, that is, churches used for worship. During the Soviet period, many churches were turned into museums, warehouses or just boarded up. Bb OviaH TaM...? were you there...? In the past tense the verb ‘to be! is needed (otherwise you can't tell that it's in the past!). A man would reply: 8 bu ‘I was’, a woman: @ Oni14, Practice what you have learned A random survey on the Arbat produces some interesting results. Listen to the following replies, then write down where each person lives. (Answers on page 146.) @ (i) Gi) Some people are asked wnt anu or cities they like. The answers are given below but the city and the reason for liking it have become separated. Listen to your recording and put things right. (Answers on page 146.) (i) A m06s%0 Mocksy (a) So répon HymKuna, ocroéscKoro (ii) A.m06a%0 Hésropox —(b)_ Tam Muro craéppix mémaTHHKos w nepknéit (iii) A moOn0 Herepoypr — (c)_ Tam muro redtpos UNITIT 141Key words and phrases To use MOGItT (x HOG, Tot OOM, Bt 0GuTe) pov padéry aurare XOMITE 8 KHNG urpars B-TénnHe cBOH, CBO, CBOE Mayas (9 Hay4SO)... pyeckuit / aura yMére (a ymé1o) m16x0 xpxe xopomi6 agume spéma rosa pecna aér0 cent Suma Grnyek OTHOxHYT (Ha Mépe) aaropars naapars KavTaTbca Ha IbDKaX KaTaTsca Ha KOHBKAX Mockpiiy (m.), Mockniuka (f.) 4 poniiica (m.), * poamstace (f.) A BCIO KHIHb KUBY IEC créppii, -as, -oe HOBbU, -aa, -o€ répon (pl. ropona) afonm (MH6ro s11016i1) Gurr (OH Oni, ond Grid) To understand 470 Tot OOH / BB WOONTE nésiat? Kaki mHOeTpAnHDIi 361K Bi nayadere? Kak6e Bpéms r6na abt O6abIne avooure? 3a 470 BbI aoOuTe...? cnénaTe nam udmeaKy Kécpe?/aia? to like, love one's work to read to go to the cinema to play tennis (my, your, his, her, their) own to study... the Russian/English language to be able to, to know how to badly worse well better time of the year spring summer autumn (the Fall) winter leave, vacation to rest (by the sea) to sunbathe to swim to ski to ice skate Muscovite Twas born Thave lived here all my life old new city people (many people) to be (he was, she was) what do you like to do? which foreign language do you study? which season do you most like? why do you like...? can I make you a cup of coffee/tea? 142 UNITGrammar The past tense The past tense is very easy in Russian if you know the infinitive of the verb (to...!). All you do is remove the last two letters Tb from the infinitive and add the following endings: masculine -i1 feminine -na neuter 310 plural oH So the verb 6xrT& (to be) in the past becomes: om (5,751) oun ona (a, 71) Onur on6 owt (BEL, Mbt) As you see, the only distinctions made in the past tense are between singular and plural, and between masculine, feminine and neuter. The verb ending after not is always plural, even if only one person is addressed. Here are past forms of some of the other verbs you met in this unit. Is it a man or a woman speaking? Jlérom # Goin B Anre. Tam # mrdean, 3aropan, 4HTan. 3uMOH A OLLI B Hosropose. Tam s kariutes na a8iokax, xo B MEpKOBE, caryuta.T Kon0KosA. Write out how a woman would describe the same activities. (Answers on page 146.) (@ Hérom s.. (ii) How would she describe the activities if she and her family all participated? Jlérom Here are some not terribly useful facts about famous people. You'll need to fill in the verbs though! (Answers on page 146.) (@) Ditmurréin Gi) Tymxun most (bib) ebiany —(Hoysdre) pJlenmurpiae (oKuTs) .. BepyTO6a—(urpare) _Skaxyasérry, o Ibkyanérra (ii) Anna Axmatosa (iv) Hes Amun (v) Poméo (vi) Paxmannnos .... . Poméo (1106/1) Kon0Kond — (csrfuiare) UNITY 1439 New words: Read and understand A school in Moscow is looking for penpals for its students. It has received several replies from abroad, and is trying to match people up. Read the following letters and see if you can make matches. (Answers on page 146.) caymars.. to listen to. non-MgabiKy op music Kuracciuecky¥o MY3biky classical music Kas jazz cnoptemén sportsman, cnopreménka sportswoman ‘mathematics football match non-Kounépr pop concert @) Mens son arama, a Mocksiuxa. 4 wayudio anraiiicKnit aa6iK, HO 11:16xo roBopio no-anrsaiiicKn, A He Guens 100.00 UIKO.Y. 5 S6anmne 106.10 MrpaTe B TéHHUC, XONATE B KANO, CIYMATE Hone Mgabiky. (ii) Mea s0nf7 Cama, « Mocksé4, 1 way4dio HeMéuKuit 361K 6ueHts s106:% rozopriTt no-HeMéuKH. 51 He dueMs 106.1% mIK6.y, Ho OGM Nay4aTS MHOCTPAHHBIE H3bIKiL. H s106.1K0 Kuracciueckyto Mfabiky. Gil) Mena s0nf7 Ons, 2 MockeiuKa. 1 nay4dio auraniicKuit 1361K, HO 5 O6abme 1106. MaTemaruKy. 51 GueHs m06.10 UNTATE. (iv) Mens sony Mia. 1 mockpa4 u cnopremén. 51 urpéro B sbyr66n, B TéHuuc H n06.n0 MxdpaTs. BmKéue a WayHdIO chpannyackwit x361K, Ho # He 106110 HHOCTpAHHEIe sabIK. A NMKT410 Ho-chpaHy3cKH ILIGXO, HW x¥aKe FOBOpIO! (a) Meus sonyr Siu, 1 némen. 1 nayuéto pfcckwil x36IK BINK6ne H Xouy Haysars anramiicKHil x36iK. A GueHs 06110 MY-3BikKy — IPKAS H KNACCHECKYHO MY3BIKY. (b) Mews s0ny'r Maph, « chpanny>keuxa. 1 uayudwo pyccKmit 961K B unk6ue. 1 He 1106.10 mIKG.y, H He OueHD xouy May4aTE HuOCTpanHDU A3bIK! A 6ueHs m00.si0 HEPAT B TéMHHC H XOMKTE ua chyTO6snHnIe Mitran, (©) Mens sony Mitrep, # anraadunn, 1 usyudvo pfeckui #361K, SHTA1O XOpom6, Ho x¥aKe roBOpHO. A M06z10 WIKOAy, mOGAKO unrare, way4dTe MaTeMaTHKY H pfcckwit 361K. ST He s1106.1K0 cnopr. (@) Mena sonyr Js, 1 amepuxanxa. 4 aayu4dio pfccknii a361K B mix6xe. A ne 06:10 uKé.y. 1 m00.00 xonMTE Ha Hon-KoHUépTEL 1B KHHO. 1 O4eHs 100.010 cnopr. ee 144 UNITIDid you know? Many old Russian cities are renowned for their beauty and are often visited by both Russian and foreign tourists. Novgorod, one of the oldest cities (dating back to the 9th century), was an important trading centre in Kievan Rus’. From the 12th to the 15th centuries, Novgorod was a federal republic ruled by a néue, or city assembly. With the rise to power of Moscow, Novgorod lost its political influence. To the north-east of Moscow is Vladimir, powerful in the 12th century under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, who worked to unite North-western Rus’ against the hegemony of Kievan Rus’. ‘Also in the north-east are Rostov, one of only two cities given the title Beaixuit (great) — the other being Novgorod — and Suzdal’, which now exists as r6posi-My3éi, a museum city. In each of these cities, the focus of attention falls upon churches, cathedrals and monasteries. The Russian Orthodox Church took on the traditions, church architecture and art of Byzantine Christianity. The most famous painter of icons was Andrei Rublyov, who lived in the 15th century. However, Novgorod, Pskov, Vladimir and other cities all had famous schools of icon-painting. Icons, like all the rich and beautiful exteriors and interiors of churches, were an integral part of Christian worship of God. Unfortunately, over a period of many years after the 1917 revolution, thousands of churches and monasteries were destroyed, or closed, stripped of all ornament and used as warehouses etc. There was less destruction in the old historical cities, but the stress was firmly on the architectural value of these churches. Many were made into museums, or opened for tourists only. Despite the apparent abundance of churches, it was often difficult for believers to find a functioning (éiieryromaa) church. In 1988, celebrations held to mark the thousand-year anniversary of Prince Vladimir's conversion to Orthodox Christianity heralded greater freedom of worship. Many old churches and monasteries were allowed to reopen, while others are being rebuilt, often with considerable help from believers both within Russia and abroad. UNITIT 1456) 10 Practice what you haye learned Grammar Read and understand Your turn to speak This time you will be talking about yourself, your hobbies, likes and dislikes ~ and without prompts? Use the phrases below if appropriate. When you have had a try, turn on the recording and listen to what Nikolai Arkadyevich has to say about his favorite cities, activities etc. 4 pomisien/pommnacn a, 5 BCIO 2K HIME KUBY Twas bom Thave lived all my life in... 4 O6stbmte 11060.. I prefe XOMATS B/HA... to go to... wayaare pfccKmit 961K to study Russian a (He) 106.2% cwovo padéry 1 (don't) like my work y Menai Ornyck Thave my vacation Answers Exercise 1 (be (ied (ii)a,f Exercise 3 (i) spring; has his vacation then (ii) autumn; likes to gather mushrooms (iii) summer; likes to swim and sunbathe Exercise 4 (i) wants lemonade rather than grape juice (ii) prefers Indian tea (iii) prefers Armenian wine Exercise 5 (i) Manchester (ii) Moscow (iii) Paris (iv) Rostov Exercise6 (ie (ii)b (iii)a Exercise 7 (i) ]érom # 6wind w Ante. Tam » mdnama, saropana, uutrésta. 3um6it a Gourd 8 H6sroposte. Tam x KaTéinace Ha asDKaX, XouLiia B LéPKOBb, cHIYulasIa KOsIOKOMIA. (ii) JIérom ot Gxt B Sirre. Tam mat ritdeasnn, 3aropasmn, surdimn. 3uMGi mbt Ovum B Hésropone. Tam mui Kararnce Ha JISKAX, XOUIH B UEPKOBD, CHYMANH KOOKONS. Exercise 8 (i) uaywén (ii) Guin (iii) Kua (iv) urpan_ (v) mOGAa; snoGrisia (vi) cayunat Exercise9 (id (ii)a (iii)e (iv)b 146 UNIT ILYou will learn to talk about what there is to see and do in cities to discuss the weather to talk about your vacation how to express feelings and opinions in Russian and you will find out about Moscow and St Petersburg Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogue 3: listen without the book Dialogue 3: listen, read and study Practice what you have learned Dialogues 4, 5: listen without the book Dialogues 4, 5: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogue 6: listen without the book Dialogue 6: listen, read and study Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNITI2. 147Dialogues 6) 1 tra knows Moscow very well Ira A MocksiiuKa, npoxkusd B SOM réposie BCIO KUHB, M, KK y BCsKOFO MOCKBHN4, ¥ MeHs ECTS CBOMt IHOGMMBIe MecTa. OGKIHHO a TOKAabIBAIO 3TH Joporfie MHe MecT4 Movin supyabsin H rocTsim. Bo-néppKix, STO Mapk, KOTOpbIt HAXGUHTCA HeATIeK6 OT Moeré 16Ma, STOT HapK 1 alate B STOM népKe nlocTpSnaH HaREcTHBIe pYccKHe I6m4He Baxénos 1 Kasaxén, oGxi14HO usually Bo-népasix firstly + | mpoxwaa » Srom répone ncio WHE Ihave lived my whole life in this city. Ira could also have used the verb in the present tense s akMBS, + | kax y acdixoro Mocknuud as has every Muscovite. ¥ is used to say that somebody has something, whether followed by a pronoun (y MeHa ecTb...) or by a noun (y BesiKOro Mocksna). Any word following y takes a genitive ending. » | y Meus ecrs cnof moGamnte Mecta I have my own favorite places » | snoxassinavo 51H soporte Me MecTa MonM Apyabim M rocTsm I show these favorite (lit. dear to me) places to my friends and guests. There is more about dative endings of nouns in the grammar section. Aapy3b4m to my friends. The plural of apyr friend is irregular. Napk, KOTOpsiit HaXGaMTeR HesATeKO OT Moers X6Ma_a park Which isn't far from my home KorOpsift which. This word changes as an adjective. Other examples: rauepés, Koropaa Hax6MTCa B NéHTpe a gallery which is located in the center Kaché, Kor6poe Hax6sturest pssyom_ a café which is next door > | nocrpéusn nanécrame pyecxue 3614une Baxénon a Kazax6e were built by the famous Russian architects Bazhenov and Kazakov 6) 2 What else does Ira like to do? Ira Ovex» momo svicTaBKH 2KABOUMCH, KaprhHiule ranepén, rie Ovenb udicro Gx1Bdt0 co cBoriMu upysbann. H, KOHéYHO, 9 06s rynsTb 1O ‘Tem MecraM, KOTOpbie onticaHbI 8 HAUIMX KHVIraX, HaNpHMép, B KHMTAX Bysréxona, Myukuna u jipyrAx. Bxtcrapka xttponncn exhibition of nanpumép for example paintings aero often KapTitunie ranepén picture galleries koéunto [kanyéshna] of course 4 | ens wécro Geimdio Iam very often (there). The verb Gpindir also means ‘to be’, but is used to talk about frequently or habitually being (i.e. going) somewhere. » | cocsomMn apyanimn with my friends » | rynire no Tem mecrém, KoTOpie omficaHet B HamNMX KHFraX to wander about those places which are described in our books + | sxuirax Bysraxona, Hyunxuna... in the books of Bulgakov, Pushkin... ‘OF is expressed in Russian by the genitive case. There are some Russian names which look like adjectives, e.g. Hocroésexuit, Tosicrdit. The genitive is accordingly like the adjective ( kfrax) Mocroésexoro, Toncroro. | #apyriix and of others 148 UNIT 12Practice what you have learned ‘Three Muscovites all show friends their city. But their interests are so different that you might think it is three cities rather than one. Read the postcards below, and then listen and match the postcard writer with his or her friend. (Answers on page 162.) (a) Moi Osis Ha cramdne, rie urpaer ‘IInndmo’. Mb Osis u Ha Kpacuoii niémann 1 B Kpemé. (b) Mute 64ers xopomd suecs! Ké18 noxdsbipaer MHe BbicTaBKH, ranepén. A Obi B My36e Tiyuixuna 1 2 Tedrpe na Tarduxe. Pocana i> ros (c) Kak xopoui6 anecb! Jima woKdabipaer Mue MecTd, KOTOpbIe onsicatter B KHMrax Bysraxona, Tiyurxuea. Mor Ovismn B 6Me-my3ée Tiyuixnna n 8.6me Toucroro. @ a) (iii) UNITI2 149Dialogues 6) 3 Acoach excursion is offered Tour guide Yeaxkéempie réctu. Fparsaurdem wa akckYpenwo 116 Mockné, 0636pHy10 9kckYpemto No répoay. KpacHyio n6mantb, Kpemas, LeHTpAsbHbIe YrHUBI, MIGUIARH, MpocnéKTsI, OysbBApHI, JIHMHCKHE répsi. Mo cémbim ndsTHbiM Mecram cronfub. JIpesnéiinne xpambi, crapéfiume Tearpst, npaniremcTReHHbte a1dHHa, To cMbiM TdMsTHBIM MecTam MockBti Ha 9KCKYpCHO 110 r6ponly, mpUrauidem, yaaxkdembie récr respected guests 0036pHas aKcKYpeHs a panoramic tour Kpacnas ndmaas Red Square (the woman uses the accusative because they will be going there) Kpemat Kremlin neHTpasbHste famub1 central streets nA6maaM, upocnéK Ts, OybRApsI squares, avenues, boulevards JMénnnexne r6pst Lenin hills (These hills are now called by their original name: BopoOsénsi répp.) npawiresscreennstit government (adj) auxdnus (sing. anénme) buildings | mpurnauriem wa axcxypemto we invite you on an excursion. If she personally was making the invitation, she would say #1 mparaauiéwo, Any word following mparaamérs, s/a will have an accusative ending. » | 10 Mocksé, ... 10 répoay around Moscow, ... around the city. Here the preposition no means ‘around’, and it is followed by dative endings (see the grammar section). » | no cémuim naénscrusim mectém eromfust around the most noteworthy places in the capital, To say something is the most (interesting, beautiful, etc.), cdmbiit is used before the adjective. It's easy to use since it changes in exactly the same way as the adjective, e.g.: cambii w3pécTHEIa ndmaTHHK the most famous monument c4maa kpacinaa népkons the most beautiful church cmoe Gomsuude 3n4nme the biggest building $ | apennéimme xpams1, crapéimme redrpst the most ancient churches, the oldest theaters. Another less common way of forming the superlatives (‘the most...). She might just as easily have said: apémune xpamst, crapmte ‘Tearpst ancient churches, old theaters. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts 180 UNIT 12New words: C9 3 Practice what you have learned A tourist group is visiting three major cities in Russia and Ukraine. Unfortunately the programs are all jumbled up. Listen to the tour guide and write down the places to be seen in each city. (Answers on page 162.) (@) Kien (ii) Merep6ypr (iii), Mock (a) mopécrusiit némaTank 'Ménnotit ncdannK' (b) Kpemarux (©) Xpam Baciums Baaxénnoro (a) Cogpiitexmit coo6p (c) Hésckuit npocnéxr () Spsarrix (g)_my3éi Tapaca Henuénxo (h) 0M-my3¢it JocroéscKoro (i) Honexoa monacreips uapéctapiit famous xpam church, temple coop cathedral ndmaTuuk — memorial, monument Volodya has found a holiday job showing tourists around Moscow. The trouble is that he knows next to nothing about the city! He hopes that total ignorance can be concealed by an abundance of superlatives. Listen to your recording, then fill in the missing words. (Answers on page 162.) (i) Kaas $ro fama? Sto. (ii) Kaxéit $r0 npocnéxr? . Yamuna B Mockné! S10... “ ... mpocnéxr 8 Mockeé! (iii) Kaxée Sro xacbé? Oo cc ence - Kacbé » Mocké! (iv) Kaxés ro ranepéa? Sn ranepéa B Mocksé! cAmbtit kpacimpiit_ the most beautiful cambuit mrepécuniit the most interesting cambuit ManéerHBii the most famous UNITI2 151dra Dialogues Some advice about the weather in Moscow Ecam ppt xorire npuéxatb B Mockpy, To BaM, KOHEYHO, 6yneT HHTepécHo 3HaTb, KaKia 3uech ordéuta. 3HMOH y Hac GuinéeT H O4eHS XONOUHO, HO MOXKeT GuITH H TEIN, H TOF sd HosBIseTCs BONA H CHEE ‘téer, Jérom noréu1a o6Kt4HO GtindeT jOB6sBHO TErLIas, HO WacTO noxkaf. H nostomy # moGm orabixérs He B Mockné 1éToM, o6aadrembHo Ha re, rue TeN16, Overs m06:n Tern. Becwa & Mockné 6uenb Kanpi3nas. To cémnue, To x60. Tlostomy MbI BeCHOH mpemttounTdem OSmbie cHIéTH OMA. HomBasierca Bowd water appears cner TéeT the snow melts nosromy therefore oGaaarensHO definitely KanpHauii capricious eamne sun x6.0n the cold upuéxars B Mockag to come to Moscow Bam Ofer uirrepécHo aHaTs... literally: it will be interesting fo you to know... Similarly, it will be interesting to me... is mue Ofer MiTepécHo... By the way, leaving out 6yer would put any such sentence into the present tense. Kakas 3Necb noréaa what the weather is like here. You only need to change your intonation to make this a question. And to find out what the weather will be like today, ask: KaKiis ceréaua Ofer noréja? Ouinder OueHs x610KHO, HO MOKeT ObITH M TeNLNG it gets very cold, though it can be warm as well. Not of course necessary for a Russian winter, but in summer it can also be apKo hot. nor61a 06Ki4HO GeiBdeT nOR6.BHO TénAA the weather is usually fairly warm Both rénasiit and ‘rena6 mean ‘warm’, but rénatit is an adjective and agrees with the noun, ie. Ténsaa noréaa ‘warm weather’, whereas Ten6 is used when no noun is mentioned, e.g. Ceréuus Tens. It is warm today. Certain other words work in the same way, €.g.: Xou6aMbiii eH a cold day 3ueet xéaoqno, It is cold here 2kpKoe éTO a hot summer Iérom Osisder xApKo. It gets hot here in summer, aero soxcnA there is often rain. You will just as often hear the singular of this noun so%«K». OTAbIXATS to rest, take one's vacation na tore in the south. The word for south is tor. The other points of the compass are: cémep north, BocTOK cast, 24maa West. TO... TO... one minute... the next... MBI... HpeqnounTaem Goubue cHéTS WOMa we prefer to sit at home. ‘I prefer’ would be # mpennounriro. 182 UNIT 126 ) 5. One season is special Tra Ho ana ayia O6noue npusrna Scenb, nYUIKHHCKas Tlopa, y Hac e& Ha9bIB4IOT 3010764 SceHbIO. Ect Take y TIiikusa crpKH: Océinia9 ropa! Ouéit ovapondiise! Tipaara mite Ts04 npomdnbrias Kpacd, IhoGm6 4 rsiuHoe npupowe yastaHEe. B Garpétt 8 a610To onérwie siecd. sur ayn for the soul ngumkauckas nopa Pushkin's time (Pushkin loved this season particulariy} gonoras écens golden autumn erpoxu lines # [ 218 aya 66a6me npnitrna Scent for the spirit autumn is nicer. It is more correct to say G6aee mpusrua. » | y mac e@ nasnimitor 20n0T6i GcesI0 we call it golden autumn. In Russian very often the third person plural of the verb (the ‘they’ form) is used by itself to mean ‘people generally’. Another common verb used in this way is rosopstr ‘they say’. + | Océnnas nopa! Ovéi ovaponinse! ... Ira makes a slight mistake in the first line of Pushkin's famous poem ‘Ocens. It should read: Yasutas nopat OuéH ovaponanse! In D.M. Thomas’ translation: Dejected season! enchantment to the eyes! Your elegiac beauty and your mourning Colors are dear to me; the sumptuous Fading of the woods in purple and gold... (Secker & Warburg Limited, 1982) Turn the page for the exercises based on these dialogues A monument to Alexander Pushkin in Moscow UNIT12 1536 4 Practice what you have learned Below are three pictures of different parts of the Russian Federation. As you see, the climate varies dramatically! Listen to your recording and match each prediction to the most appropriate picture. (Answers on page 162.) ra} — = aac RO Gy aor. 5 |) pina: § POek = 154 UNIT 12‘a 5 some friends are chatting about when and where they spend their vacation. Listen to the recording, then mark off the correct statements below. (Answers on page 162.) Nadya takes her vacation in (a) summer (b) spring Gi) She goes (a) north because the weather is better (b) south because of Moscow's weather }) Sasha takes a vacation (a) in spring and winter (b) in summer and winter (iv) He goes north because (a)_ he finds the cold invigorating (b)_ he likes to ski The Kremlin, Moscow () 6 Youtive in St. Petersburg. You will be asking questions about the weather in Moscow. As always, Andrei will prompt you UNIT12 155C2 6 Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Dialogues Where do Larisa Alekseevna and her family spend their vacation? Arne Bit ormpixéere? . Omnyck Moi, kak npasiit0, npowdsuM nérHHii Ha pexé Axty6a, a afimauit Grnyck Mbt ripondauM B Flosmockéske, Ha TypO43e Fut & OMe Grabixa. A rule pacnionéxken Stor 10M Grapixa? Jlom 6rasixa pacrioné2keH B 3peHfropone Ha pexé Mocksé-pexé. S70. cémoe Kpactipoe Mécro Tloumock6pbs. Tam ect nec? Tam ecth GueH Kpachisniit nec. Tam ect kakdsi-HHGystb pexd? ‘Tam pexé Mockpa-pexd mporexéer. A ball My2k 6BHT peidy 3HMOi? My2k Moii saHumdetes pHiG&sIKoit B aiimHee Bpéms. A 3r0 O4eHtb X6110;1HO s1OBATb 3HMOA PEIGy? Hy, on 6uenb acernd Tenin6 onendercs. Kak mpani10 asa rule pexa river ‘Typ64sa tourist center 0M 6TbIxa vacation center/sanatorium mee forest MBI mpondauM 1éTHHH/sHMEHA STICK we spend the summer/winter holiday. 'I spend’ would be # mponoaky. rae pacnon6xeH...? where is... asking rae naxOamres...? Tloamockésse the area around Moscow located? This is a less common way of ‘TaM ecTb Kakds-nnOy,1b pexa? is there a river there? Boris Mikhailovich evidently wasn't listening carefully since Larisa Alekseevna had just told him! ‘a BAIN MY2K 6BHT PKIOy MMOH? does your husband fish in winter? Larisa Alekseevna's reply was a long way of saying 'yes'! anumarscs pmiGaaKon and nonérr péiGy both mean ‘to fish’. on Gens ncernd Ten6 ontenseres he always dresses very warmly. The infinitive of this verb is onewérbes to dress oneself. 'I dress warmly’ is onendtoce Tenn6, ‘To dress lightly’ is, however, onenaTeA MerKs. 16 UNIT 12Practice what you have learned Tamara asks some colleagues where they spend their holidays. Listen to your recording, then fill in the missing words (they are jumbled up in the box below). (Answers on page 162.) o Bopiic, rire B61 OOKI4HO cn) ‘A orabixato o6br4n0 .. na tore. A Guenb 1106200 .... (iw) Aarops, re ast nposéanre .. Ww) (wi), Iérumt rnyex tot Ha M6pe, a... Orubixien B x6Me OTbIxa, HeNaIeK6 oT Baanimupa. i ‘Tam ec KaKas-nnOyst (viii) UNIT 12157Key words and phrases To use nokdoninaTe sNOGAMEIHI, -ax, -0€ apyr (pl. apy3b) recs (m.) PK, KOTOpHIit HaXdmHTEs. ranepés, KOTOpas HaX6ANTCA. andnne, KOTOpoe HaX6uuHTC: HesaneK6 or moerd 16ma Guin A N4cTO GriBiV0 Tam npursaunérs, pursauniem Wa 9KCK/pCHIO... io Mockné nto Hésropoay no caMbiM naMaTHDIM MecTam crosninst Kakiis aneck nords1a? Kakiis cerésns Ofaer nordsa? noréna Ouinder Téniaa noréna Ofer xon6anas noréna Gynet xapKas ceréans Ten16 cerdans Ofer x60 1H0 cerdnns 6K110 *KApKO Me x6s101H0 Bam Ten16? aero NOx MM/ OK cner orabixars (a orabixéto) mponoatirs 6TnyeK (1 mpoBoxs, ‘BbI mpondsunTe) ua Yore (10r) Ha cépepe (césep) ma sénaye (34a) Ma BocrOxe (BocTOK) pexa sree 18 UNIT 12 to show favorite friend guest the park which is located... the gallery which is located. the building which is located. not far from my home to be (habitually, often) Lam there often to invite we invite (you) on an excursion... around Moscow around Novgorod around the most notable places of the capital what is the weather like here? what will the weather be like today? the weather is (usually) warm the weather will be cold the weather will be hot it's warm today it will be cold today it was hot today Tam cold are you warm? there's often rain snow to rest, spend one's vacation to spend one's vacation... in the south (south) in the north (north) in the west (west) in the east (east) river forestGrammar Impersonal sentences Some Russian sentences may at first because there is no word in them for Cerdnws x6a10AHo. It is cold today. ‘Sro Guent untrepécuo. That is very interesting. Verb forms are, however, needed for it was’ — Gxt10 and ‘it will be’ — Oyner, e.g.: Cerénua 66110 Tenax6. It was warm today. 3amrpa G¥aer x6n0sH0. It will be cold tomorrow. If it is Boris who is, was or will be cold, the sentence will be: Bopiiey (Ovi10, yer) x6no;HO. Boris is (was, will be) cold. (Literally, this sentence means "To Boris it is (was, will be) cold.) Such sentences are very common in Russian when talking about feelings, opinions, etc. Here are some other examples: Auréuy mirepécuo atect. Anton finds it interesting here. (lit. To Anton it is interesting here.) Hine 6rin0 xapKo. Nina was hot, (lit. To Nina it was hot.) Mue nano 6yner padérars. I will have to work. (lit. To me it will be necessary to work.) Bam x6a1oan0? Are you cold? (lit. To you cold?) In these sentences, the noun or pronoun (‘to me’, ‘to you’, etc.) referring to the person involved has a dative ending. We introduced dative endings for pronouns on page 131. Names of people must also change. ight appear telegraphic. This is mainly s'. Thus: Dative endings There are really only three endings to learn: Masculine & neuter singular nouns end in -y or +10, ¢.g.: Brix ropy # Huxosiwo murepécuo sonitrt peiGy. Victor and Nikolai enjoy fishing. Muxafay Hdnopway xapko. Mikhail Ivanovich is hot. Feminine singular nouns normally end in -e, e.g.: Hine xopomié 3ecb. Nina fecls good here. ‘Tarpane Anexcéepue npasTHo ura 6 mépxe. Tatyana Alekseevna finds it pleasant to read in the park. In the plural, all nouns end in -am or -M, e.g. OKcKSpenst Ho cAMBIM HaMsTHLIM Mecram crosime Excursion around the most noteworthy places of the capital Do not be put off by these endings. It is the pronouns you have learned in Unit 10 which you are more likely to use. The main thing is to understand such constructions. Read and translate the following sentences. (Answers on page 162.) (i) Awrény x6x0aH0 ceréans, (ii) Hine nano padérars. (iii) Moai upyabsin murepécno auart, Kakést anecb norésa. (iv) Hikoxato Ovi10 2KapKo. (v) Anne Crenanonne 10 ronopirs no-anrauiickn Ha padére. (vi) Crynéaram ne 64ers nnTepécno xoniTs Ha KOMchepeHTIHN. In the spaces below add the words in parentheses with the right endings. Make sure you understand each one. (Answers on page 162.) (Cepréfi u Téna) marepécno xonirs » rearp, Glapfica) ceréana rena6, a (Bopric) x610aH0. (Crynéut) néa0 mu6ro paGérars. Bamemy (apyr) muTepécno uaysare cbpannyscKnit x361K? (Hpina Huxondepna) Ox110 G4eHb upHATHO OOénaTL B pecropane. UNIT12 15910 a (i) (ii) Read and understand wrote notes in their diaries about the places they were visiting. Below are picture postcards which each one sent to a friend. If you read the diary entries, you will know who sent which postcard. (Answers on page 162.) Ceréama a xonicn no Hésckomy mpocnéxry # apyrim mpocnéxram # Jamuam. Mue 6x10 Tax uarepécxo! 11 110610 xo no TeM MecTém, Korpsie omficannt B pomanax JLocToéscKoro. #1 emé He xo B Spmuréoak, MOxer ObITh, 34BTpa. Tloréaa celiac on6.Ho Kanpiauas: To cénnne, TO X610:, H 4éCTO OK i 51 xonista no criphim §annam croamust, no fannaM, KoTOpEte OMMIcAHBE w kuiirax Byaraxona, Toncroro, A 348 Tpakasia B Kacbé, KoTOpoe HaxoquTes HenaneKd oT Kpemaa, 4 xommiaa B My36éa [yuKkuna. Bxi10 6uens x610H0, Ho 4 TAK sHoGK0 cuer! B napKe érH Kariitores: Ha KoMbKAX. Mute éuent xopoind 3,1¢cb! Toréaa aaeck Guen» xopouias — ventas, coamennas. S GueH» 106.210 nponoairs 6rnyck na pexé, K&rx oti neus ntdnato, saroparo. 3ecb Guen Kpacinniii nec, MBI 4ACTO TaM OniBdem. YirpoM # s10B:110 PLIOY fim nnuerd He 261010, Oven» npusttHo oTmDIXaTs 3necb. A nyMaro, 5TO cdmoe kpactnoe mécro Tlonmock6sta! (a) (b) © 160 UNIT 12,Did you know? Moscow and St Petersburg A visitor may well have difficulty believing that these two cities are part of the same country. A few words about each city’s past may help to explain the differences. While Moscow does not date back to the earliest days of Kievan Rus’, it is quite old, having been founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1156. It was, however, one of the least important princedoms until the Tartar invasion of the 13th century and the fall of Kiev. Then its geographical location and a lack of fastidiousness on the part of Ivan Kalita (or 'Moneybags’) in dealing with the invaders enabled Moscow to gain considerable power. This was further increased by the Metropolitan’s decision to establish the Church center in Moscow. Constantinople, the 'second Rome’, fell in 1453. After the end of Tartar rule in 1480, Prince Ivan of Moscow declared himself Tsar, ruler of all Russia and of all Orthodox Christians. Moscow was to be the third Rome—there would be no fourth, Moscow remained the capital of a burgeoning empire until the reign of Peter the Great (1672-1725). In supremely autocratic fashion Peter decided to build a new capital on the shores of the Baltic Sea. Undeterred by the marshy terrain and inauspicious climate, Peter used Swedish prisoners of war and Russian peasants to create St. Petersburg, a ‘window onto Europe’ (Bronze Horseman’ by Alexander Pushkin). He also invited architects from abroad to create this "Venice of the North’. The classical style of architecture, canals and bridges and the famous ‘white nights’ in June create a particular atmosphere which has fascinated writers and poets from Pushkin and Dostoevsky to the present day. It was in this city, renamed from 1914 Petrograd, that the revolutions of February and October 1917 took place. In 1918, however, Lenin moved the capital back to Moscow. From 1924, following Lenin’s death, up to 1991, the city was called Leningrad, The Soviet period left its mark on both cities. The appearance of Moscow, historically more ‘Russian’, changed more, with many historical areas destroyed or converted into offices for the dozens of ministries centered in the city. Fifty years after the October 1917 revolution, fewer than half of Moscow’s churches and monasteries remained standing. St. Petersburg has altered less structurally. The problem here is that restoration and repair work have not kept pace with decay and many beautiful buildings are close to collapse. St. Petersburg / Leningrad was also particularly ravaged by the Second ‘World War. For 900 days the city was under siege, during which more than a million people died of starvation. To this day on one of the houses on Nevsky Prospect is a sign warning citizens of Leningrad that ‘under gunfire this side of the street is more dangerous’. UNITI2 161Cou Practice what you have learned Grammar Read and understand Your turn to speak In this exercise you will be talking about your own city or the place where you spend your vacation. Work out what you would like to say about it and try this out before listening to your recording. Remember that if your version is different from the recording, it is not wrong, just different! The following words may be useful: y Meni ecrs cpom moGimmte Mecra —_I have my own favorite places MapK, KOTOpHiit HaxéaMTCS... the park which is located... bam Ofer uNTepécHo Hate, KaKda you will be interested to know what auecb nor dia kind of weather there is here Guinder x60 it gets cold A NpenmownT ato OTABIXGTE B/Ha... I prefer to take my vacation in... coe Kpacttsoe mécro Houmockésia the most beautiful place in the area around Moscow Answers Exercise 1 (i) b (ii)a (iii)e Exercise 2 (i) b,d,g (ii) a,e,f (iii) c, hi Exercise 3 (i) cdmas Kpaciinas (ii) cémpiit uapécrHpii (iii) camoe napécTHoe (iv) cman uiTepécHas Exercise4 (i) c (ii)a (iii)b Exercise (i) b (ii)b (iii) b (iv) b Exercise 7 (i) ormpixdete (ii) mérom (iii) Tenn (iv) 6rnyck (v) mponénuMm (vi) 34MGiH (vii) pexd (viii) 20M Grabixa Exercise 8 (i) Anton feels cold today friends are interested in knowing what the weather is like here (iv) Nikolai was hot (v) Anna Stepanovna has to speak English at work (vi) It's not very interesting for students to go to conferences, Exercise 9 (i) Cepréio u Taéne (ii) Jlaprice; Bopricy (iii) crynéwry (iv) apyry (v) Uprine Huxondesre Exercise 10 (i) b (ii)¢ (iii)a 162 UNIT 12[ pron You will learn to talk about how you spend your free time to describe your daily routine to describe the flat (apartment) you live in and you will be given information about place names and the way they have changed Study guide listen without the book Dialogues I=! Dialogues 1-3: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogue 4: listen without the book Dialogue 4: listen, read and study Practice what you have learned Dialogue 5: listen without the book logue 5: listen, read and study Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases ‘Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT 13. 163,6) 41 Maria Dmitrievna Volodya Maria Dmitrievna Volodya C2 2 Tanya Sasha Tanya Sasha Tanya Sasha Tanya Sasha Tanya Dialogues Does Volodya take part in sports? Bon6u18, Tht saHUMéemtEca criéprom? Ta, 64eHe 06m copT. ‘A Kaktim niIOM cri6pra TH 3anHMaeLIbcs? Tli4pannem. mrépanue swimming ‘Tht 3aHMMaeumKca cOproM? do you take part in sports? ‘There are a number of verbs in Russian which are always followed by a certain case or ending. 3anumérEcs ‘to occupy oneself with’ is followed by instrumental endings (the ones explained in Unit 4). Here is how the nouns change: cuopt > 4 anMMdtoce cnéptom I take part in sport THMHAcTHKA > BbI 3aHHMGeTect FHMMAcTHKOH you do gymnastics UBeTOBONCTBO + OM 3aHUMAeTCH HBETOBOICTBOM he grows flowers You will learn more about the -ea ending of this verb in the grammar section on page 173. kaksim Bfi10M cnépra TBI 3aHMMdemmsca? what kind of sport do you engage in? The most common way of answering is with the verb urpars ‘to play... Le, urpivo B cy TO6x, B GackeTG6n... Sasha takes part in sports too, when he has the time A ve Tht saHHMdettica B cBOG6mHOE BpEMs? Y Meni uerts Mas10 cBoG6mHOrO BPéMeHH. A 3aHHMGiOcb crIdpTOM, XOKY OJH pad B HeéO Ha GauMHHTOH urpate. Mord Béxepom rpato c peékom. Y Te64 cer? Jla. Emy narp ster. OsopHoit? Ta, 6uenb. C Hum 64eHp nécesto. A BTearpbi X6HUIB? OueHb pénKo, HOTOMY 4TO GueHE cHI6AKHO KyNINTb OMseTEI Ha XopOumMit clieKTaKIb. Kam. nord sometimes péako rarely peOéHox child en6xHO complicated, difficult (c pe6éuxom with a child) axa that's a pity ox0pH6H mischievous MeM THI JaHHMAeMILCS B CBOOGAHOE BPEma? what do you do (lit. what do you occupy yourself with) in (your) free time? Yy Meni Guent m0 cnoO6snoro Bpémenu I have very litle free time. ‘Maio ‘little’, like its opposite mudro, is followed by the genitive case. onfin pao n nenémo once a week. Twice a week would be spa pasa B Heném0, emf nar ser he is five years old, Dative endings are used here too. However from two to four the noun for years is r6za. Thus: Y Meus ecTb chin, eMy Ba roma Y Menai ecb 164xa, eit Tpw roa ‘1am 22 years old’ would be Me aBauuaT apa r6na 164 UNIT 13Ira Anna Ivanovna Ira Anna Ivanovna fra Anna Ivanovna Ira Anna Ivanovna Ira Anna Ivanovna ra ¢ HMM Ouens Bécexo it's fun with him. If he had a daughter, he would say: cuem with her. 6uens cn6xHO KynitTs OUNETEI Ha XOpOUIMi eneK TAKA i difficult to get tickets for a good production very How does Anna Ivanovna spend her free time? Anita Vednopna, ckaxxtire, noxkduyficra, Kak BbI poBéauTe cBo66nHoE BpéMst? B cpoGdunoe Bpémsi Bevepimn »1 saHHMdioc uTéHHEM, CMOTPIO TesleBHsop 1 HOG Ba3aTb. Ab poixomnsie HH? BuixonHvie 1H 1 MpoBoxy Ha na4e. But Tam orsuuixdere? SW OT ibIxdto, H 3aHMMAloch IIBETOBOICTBOM, 3aHHMAlOch KTYOHMKOH W KYcTapHukaMH. Bui Tam paG6raere, # ufecray10. Her, Mb! To Ha3biBéeM aKTABHbIi GTALIx! Ho ppt, HanépHo, x6uure 3a rpHOdmn? Vino rpu6si xan, 1a. Over 1 06m coSupare onsra. Ouenb unrepécuo. Cnach6o. neuepamu in the evenings B BBIXOAHKIE AHH on days off ndua small cottage (see Did you know? in Unit 7) uperonéactso flower cultivation KaryOufixa strawberries xyerépumx bush nanépuo (or sometimes Hapépuoe) probably, I suppose ‘onsra a type of mushroom Kak BLI MpoB6anTe coG6mHOe Bema? how do you spend your free time? ‘There is no difference between this question and 4em Bit SaHuMdeTecb B cn006aH0e Bpémx? ‘a 3anuMiioct uTénHem. A less common way of saying a auré¥o I read. 1 cmorpio Teaeniiaop I watch television. The infinitive of this verb is ‘emorpers. Ba347b to knit. knit is a BaKY. augacrayto I sense, Another common way of expressing an opinion is Mute Kaxeres it seems to me. MBI STO Ha3biBieM aKTHBHDIi 6TBIX! we call it active recreation! xoaiirh 3a rpuGAMH to go mushroom-picking (a traditional Russian pastime!). Anna Ivanovna answers using a different, less common, preposition and ending no rpw6v1. co6upars onsira to collect a particular type of mushroom. Unless you have a specialist interest, it may be easier to say simply coGmpaT rpu6xt to collect mushrooms! Turn the page for the exercises based on these dialogues. UNIT 13165Practice what you have learned Larisa is telling a colleague how she spends her time. Listen to their conversation, then mark the correct answers. (Answers on page 178.) (In the evenings Larisa likes to (a) read oO (b) watch television og (©). knit or read Qo (ii) She doesn’t like to (a)_ listen to music oO (b)_ watch television ei (iii) On Sundays she (a) always plays tennis oO (b) sometimes goes mushroom-picking facmynaem nopa c6opa epu6os. Kax dosti Mevmaem eepHymbca uz Neca c NONHBIM “AYSOLIKOM, HO dameKO He Gem UBGeCMHE! ZaNOBEOHEIE z 2pu6usie mecma. MocKeuveli, yanovennesx cmuxod oxomoun, e zopodcKoe oo beduMeHue «Typucm» jayem ebtesdei 38 20p00 Ha CNeUUBIbHEIX "noesdax «/ PUOHUK». 166 UNIT 13,Cy 2 ina, asports instructor, stops a few people on the street and asks them some questions. Listen to their responses, and write under each picture what sport the person plays and how often. (Answers on page 178.) Gaccéin swimming pool New wo (ii) . Gi) . et 3 Your name is Syeva, and you have a wide range of interests. Andrei will guide you UNIT 13.1676 Tamara Dialogues Tamara doesn't seem to have any free time B Moéii cemné uertipe vesonéKa: My2k, cbiH H G46yunKa, AI Berar GueHb parto, rorésmno séerpax H Gery Ha paGéry. B oGéueHHbii nepeptin Ha paGdre 4 xoxKY o Maraafinam. Fécre paOérel CHOBA XOXKY 110 Marasfnam. FIpHxoxky 10MOH, roTGRIIO Y2kHH, KOPMITIO BCX, M610 Toc¥iy, 3aHHMAI0Cb CTAPKO! 1 N63:AHO BEYEPOM TOAKYcb CHAT, 6a0ymixa grandmother 8 oGéeHHEIA Nepepét in the lunch break cnéna again BeTanars (a Bera‘, Bb BCTAéTe) to get up PoTOBHTS (x roTOBMO, BBI roTGBHTe) to prepare MBITS (51 MOIO, BBI MéeTe) OCYy to wash the dishes 3anuMarées crApKoit to do the laundry DOKATHCA (A AOKYCb, BI AOKATecw) enlATe to go to bed (lit. to lie down to sleep) B Moéit cemBé wersipe 4enOnéKa there are four people in my family. If Tamara had a daughter as well, she might say: ap6e neréH two children. Similarly Tp6e aeréi three children and 4érBepo eréit four children. For the moment you need only use these numbers with the word for ‘children’. Some other members of a family: orén father Marr mother par brother ceerpé sister aéaymxa grandfather G0ymika_ grandmother a scravo Guenp pano I get up very early. ‘Very late’ is 6uen» n63nHO, Ger§ na padéry I dash off to work. The verb Gears ‘to run’ is usually followed by w/sta and the accusative case. A more neutral verb here would be wuTit to go’, e.g.: ‘A MAY Ha paG6Ty I go to work. xoaitTs no Marasfinam to go around the shops (in search of goods which are frequently unavailable). XosT® is used for motion in more than one direction. nécxe pa66rn1 after work. Héexe is always followed by the genitive case. MpHxoxY AOMOi I come home. JLoméi means ‘zo home, homeward’ and is used after verbs indicating movement. It should not be confused with 6ma ‘at home’. Kopmano Bcex I feed everybody 168 UNIT 13Practice what you have learned c 4 — onyour recording you will hear three people describing their families. Listen carefully, then find the picture which corresponds below. (Answers on page 178.) r 5 Valyaand her neighbor have quite different lifestyles. The descriptions they gave of their daily routine are given below, but they are all jumbled up. Listen to your recording and then write down who does what in the correct order. (Answers on page 178.) (i) Valya Gi) Oleg (mm) B oG¢aenunii nepeptin x xomy » Kacbé. ‘ we (@) Aen oepe, #° (b) A mpuxoxy na padéry nosnH0. gurpakale- : —_ S (@) Aaoxsescnars & (g) A ncraro éuen & n6amH0. g ae ot & (j) Aucrato dues pino 260" om «Bs wrorémmo anrpak. = J nisene G00 2 & ) s = san é w Tam 9 Fong x Kopmane 10 §. () Horém 1 M610 z Ho aeex, KM oe = nocyay. ae S Vay, = “ ot zs ®¥ex, ng gy wo™ (8) B o66nenmbii nepepsre 7 Ping « a XOxKY nO MaraaiHam, . UNIT 13 169Dialogues Aleksandr Aleksandrovich describes his home Mbt 2HBEM B HOBOM paiiéHe Mocksbl. 970 10B61bHO AaneK6 OT uéHTpa, Ho pstom Metp6. 2KuBéM MbI B KOOTepaTiBHOH KBapTiipe, Korépyio kymiitH 20 ne waséin. B STOi KRapriipe Mi 2HBEM BTPOEM, ¢ a6uepbio. Pape y Hac Gtind rocydpeTBeHHas KBapTripa, HO HaM 6ueHb xoTénOCS Kynitr» cOScTBEHHY10 KBapriipy. Keapriipa y Hac ‘TPEXKOMHATHaA: FocTiiHas, CréIbHA H IH 16MepH KOMHATA HeGomurds k¥xna. B rocriimoit créuka, rie xpaHiim KHTH, NOcYity, 2KYPHAMEL. Mbt Over MOGHM untTdr a&ypHéIM, Ha crené GosIBUIOH Konép H ecTb KapTiiHbl. 0B6.1bHO fairly patom next door Brpoém three together pamsie previously c6GerBeHHBIA one's own rocréas. living room xpath to keep emambHa bedroom KOmHata room xyxna_ kitchen crena wall Kopép carpet kaprama picture MbIKMBEM We live. The verb *KHTb is rather irregular: a KMBY, Tht 2KMBELLIS, OW/OH4 KUBET, MBI KHBEM, BLIAUDETE, ON AUBY'. It docs, however, conjugate normally in the past: om KW, ONG AKW14 B.HOBOM paitéHe Mocks in anew district of Moscow. Every time a noun changes in Russian so do any adjectives describing it. B Koonepariisnom KBapripe in a co-operative apartment Korépyio ymin which we bought. Korépyto ‘which’ has an accusative ending since it is the direct object of kymiiim. 20 ner nasa 20 years ago. You will often also hear Tomy waséit. ¢ a64epito with (our) daughter. The word 104m daughter has very irregular endings. Ham 64enb xoTéOC®... another way of saying MBI O¥eHE XOTéIK... We very much wanted. ‘Tpéxkémuaruas three-room. You might also want to say: OMOKOMHaTHas ‘one-room’ or ABYXKOMHATHAs ‘two-room’ Note, however, that few Russians have a room used only as a living room and therefore they include any room which can be lived i HeOonbmda KYxHA a smallish kitchen eréuxa_a wall-unit including wardrobe, shelve upboards (cabinets) etc. va crené Gombudit Konép hanging on the wall is a big carpet. Russian apartments are not normally carpeted, but it is very common to see a large Persian carpet decorating the wall. 170 UNIT 13Practice what you have learned Listen to Vladimir Nikolaevich's description of his apartment and then spot the mistakes in the following notes. (Answers on page 178.) (i) They live in a new district, close to the center. (i) They have a cooperative apartment which they bought 13 years ago. (iii) There are four people: husband, wife, son and grandmother. (iv) The apartment has three rooms. (v) They keep their clothes in a wall-unit in the bedroom. Three people who are each hoping to exchange their own apartment for another one are looking through the advertisements in the Bulletin of the Apartment Exchange Office. Each finds one promising advertisement. Listen as they describe their present accommodation, and match each to the appropriate advertisement. (Answers on page 178.) we will exchange (one apartment) for (another apartment). Mensiem (oy knapripy) Ha (apyrf10 kBapréipy) we will exchange (one apartment) for (another apartment). (a) MEHSEM OHOKOMHATHY}0 KOOIepaTHBHY}0 KBApTHpY B LleHTpe Ha OHOKOMHATHY!0 KOOTepaTHBHY0 KBApTHpY B HOBOM parione Mocks ) MEHAEM JIBYXKOMHATHY! FOcy lapCTHEHHY 1 KBAPTHPY HestasieKO OT newtpa Ha JIBYXKOMHATHY10 Focy.lapcTBeHHY lo KBApTHPY B HOBOM pafione Mockbi Heiasieko OF WIKOZII. © MEHAEM OllHY j1BYXKOMHaTHY}0 Focy;lapcTBeHHY! KBapTHPY B HOBOM paiione Mock sbt # otty OsHOKOMHATHY10 FOCy/1apCTBEHHY10 KBapTHpy HeslasleKo oT MeHTpa Ha ‘TpEXKOMHaTHy 0 KBapTHpy B CTapoM paitone Mock Bat HenasteKo oT LleHtpa. UNITI3. 171Key words and phrases To use 3anumarbes (1 3aHMMaI0CE, BLI 3anumierect) aaHMMaTECH cnéprom (8) cBoG6anoe Bpéma () sbrxcomucie sum emorpér Texeph20p nposonirs (npéms) wa née XOniT® 3a rpHOamu coompars rpHOet aanée (Tp6e, 4érBepo) xeTéi peranaTh (# Berar, Bhi ncTaere) pawo/n63,H0 NOKATECH CHATS (1 AOAKYeb CHAT, BbI 1O-KITecb cath) Gexxare (a Oery, Bor OeAKATE).. nari (a Hay, é na paoory oMoit xoniTs, no Maraginam FOTOBHTS (# FOTGBMO, BAI rOTGRNTe) nOnsii/crappiit paiton Kooneparitpnaa knapTipa rocysépersennas KRapTépa ‘cOOcTBeHHBIA ouHOKOMMaTHas/ByxKOMHATHAA/ ‘TpéxkOMHaTHaa KBapTapa KOmuara rocranas endian xfxna To understand eM BbI aHUMAeTeCe B cHOGOHOE ppéma? Kak B61 mpondawTe cHoG6aHoe Bpéma?/auixonnete HH? 172 UNITI3 to occupy oneself with to take part in sports (in) free time (on) days off to watch television to spend (time) at the dacha to go mushroom-picking to collect mushrooms two (three, four) children to get up carly/late to go to bed to run, dash... to go... to work home(ward) to go around the shops to prepare, to cook new/old district cooperative apartment state-owned apartment ‘one's own one-room/two-room/three-room. apartment aroom aliving room bedroom kitchen what do you do in your free time? how do you spend your free time?/ days off?Examples Endings Grammar Verbs ending in -ca ‘The particle -es is added to a verb to make it reflexive, i.e, to indicate that the subject is doing the action ro himself or herself, or when there is no object. after the verb. 3anumdrbea means ‘to occupy oneself (with something)’. Banumars by itself means simply 'to occupy (a place, time etc.)'. You have seen other verbs ending in -ea, e.g: orkpsinérreca to open Marasiin orkppisderes #9 4acés. ‘The shop opens at 9 o'clock There is no object in this sentence — the shop ‘opens itself! However, the shopkeeper would say: A orkptinévo maraséin B 9 wacds. I open the shop at 9 o'clock, ‘Some other important verbs which change in this way are: 3axpbisar® to close (something) _saKputnarees to close nawnndt® to begin (something) MauHHATRes to begin Konairs to end (something) Kowudreea to end onenare to dress (somebody) onenarnes to get dressed Bana naunnder paGory 6 8 uacés u Konuier (padéry) B 4 uacd, Valya begins work at 8 o'clock and finishes (work) at 4. B néwrpe marasiiunt saxppinivores n63:H0. In the center of the city, shops close late. ‘Ona ncerna onenderes 1erk6. She always dresses lightly. On onender cxina, W owm HAyT B MApK. He dresses his son and they go to the park. There are other occasions when reflexive endings are used, but for the moment we suggest that you just try to remember the very common verbs mentioned here, Do not be daunted by the new endings. The verb itself changes as you would expect (see page 119). To make it reflexive, you add -ea if the previous letter is a consonant or -B, and -e if itis a vowel. For example: 5 2anumatoct MBI saHMMdemes. ‘Thi 3aHHMaenbes br JaHMMderece ou sanuMderes Onn samuMéiores The past also follows this pattern: OH 38HHMAICA, Od JAHMM41aCb, OHH JAHHMAICH Turn the page for the grammar exercises. UNIT13_ 173Fill in the missing verb. (Answers on page 178.) (i) Peeropan... (ii) Hitwa Anexcéesna BIL wacée. (orxpsinére (ca) Mara3én §rpom. (orxpninérs (cs) (iii) 9... padéry B 9 uacés. (Haunndre (ca) (iv) @nam 87.30. (uaunnare (cs) (v) BenoG6nn0e BpEMs nn CHOPTOM. ——_(3aHHMATR (cs) (Vi) Komp onsen MHOFO MECTAL (sanumare (cx) (vii) Mi Pxun Guen» n63qH0. (xonérs (c8)) 10 4acés. (nasmHdrb (cx), KoHYaTS (ca) (viii) Cnexraxan BT uacée, H In this exercise sometimes the verb is missing, sometimes the noun (Answers on page 178.) (Yes pst _.. B €ROGHHOE Bema? (canumreca) Gi) A sanumatoce _ W urpaito ¢ peGénKom. (crtopt) Gili) Yew ren B BBIXOANBIE JH? (sanmérecs) (iv) sanumétoce va née. (usetos6acrB0) (vy) Hécxe pa66rst Tamapa sanumaeres ..... (cripka) (vi) B eno66anoe mpéms mt. -enoprom, ——_(aanuntérscs) 174 UNIT 13Read and understand The handwritten script Up till now we have introduced only printed Russian. However, Russians write rather than print, and since you will probably wish to correspond with friends you make, it is worth spending some time becoming familiar with the handwritten script. Here is the alphabet with both printed letters and handwritten: ne SoxXY oe MH A ww > HRS Pmay Gaga pF eS Ronee ame Tagen. Ase ia ee cell yA Mu Mw mm 1 Hu 4 «#& mm 4 (Ce o » oa ee er ed gare oot ce € ce tr kb m (a |O" 0 yegergesy an Z oe p » Ree pif. Vices un G4 Here are some common words, both printed and handwritten: Teatp mea pecropan [ieemopase ravera vayema okypHast meats Kotbe ¢ MoT0KOM © Amro As you can see, some letters look quite different. Practise writing them and try forming whole words. Now turn the page for the exercises. UNITI3. 17510 i On retiring Natalya Aleksandrovna was given a card with the following signatures. Can you make out the names of her colleagues? (Answers on page 178.) @ Ge | i) Famsana fpacunsebua- (iv) epee Mee varnsober (viii) .. (iii) Ww) (wi) (vii) Ape. A young student called Tonya was asked to write a letter to a friend's brother who is studying Russian. Read her letter, then correct the mistakes in the statements below. (Answers on page 178.) ‘You will need to kno : Kay orpéra, ‘waiting for your reply’. B uct couse 4 reLbeea.: uaa, nana, Pabyuna ue, Mo senblise é Roonepamutnod Kbapmupe , Romopyio Kyncstte 5 wem magag. Wbaemupa epee fo ual wu nan dauuar a ¥ nae © dadyumos uacenenar. HL emygenmaa, uy den dtletd chobognow bpeauen. Ho @ crens uoduo Bumame, exyueame uyserny, u Oglin pag 6 negeuse a tomy 6 Saceeitix nuaterme, B beemoguace guce & wchiuc xogums ga YouSasun wie mune me A ye me ore beins 7 acuco wastes $ mboed couse? Yate me zarntueae coe € cbodoguce Goeuwn 7 . egy ombema, Monn (i) Tonya lives with her parents and sister. (ii) They have a state-owned apartment. (iii) It isa three-room apartment. (iv) She likes to watch television and listen to music. (v)_ She plays badminton once a week. (vi) On the weekend she likes to go mushroom-picking or grow flowers. Tonya asked some questions at the end of her letter. How would you answer them? 176 UNIT 13Did you know? What's in a name? The question may seem well-worn, but to Russians it is of immediate importance. Changing names of places, institutions etc. has taken on. symbolic, as well as practical, significance. In the first decades after the revolution of 1917, a large number of cities, towns, villages, streets etc. were renamed. Usually they were named after some revolutionary figure or group. Most famous is, of course, the city which Peter the Great founded. As you have read in Unit 12, from 1703 to 1914 it was called St. Petersburg. Then, in 1914, to make it sound more 'Russian| it was renamed Petrograd, only to be changed again in 1924 to Leningrad, in honor of Viadimir Lenin, who had just died. In 1991 a referendum on the question of the city's name was held and a majority voted for the restoration. of the first name St. Petersburg. While officially the name is Saint Petersburg, Russians normally call it simply 'Petersburg'. Under Stalin, renaming took on absurd proportions as the dictator and his retinue named squares, streets, towns and mountains after themselves. The problem here was that when these people fell from favor, the names had to be changed yet again. Those reading about the famous Battle of Stalingrad, the turning point in the Second World war, may have been bemused to find no trace of the city on maps. This is because after the denunciation of Stalin in 1956 it was renamed Volgograd. Only the most notorious in Stalin’s following received the ignominious fate of having their names erased from history. The names of others, such as, Zhdanov, were retained until late into the 1980s. This form of self-worship did not end with Stalin’s reign. Brezhnev also used it both for himself and as a reward for ‘his’ people. Since the 1980s and particularly following the demise of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) at the end of 1991, many old names have been restored. Kalinin is now Tver once more, Gor’ky is Nizhny-Novgorod. In Moscow many of the main streets have also reverted to the old names: ganna PépsKoro is again Trepexas, and upocnéxt Mapxea is Ox6rHotit Pau. It must be added that some names never really changed as far as the people were concerned. While authorities called the square close to Red Square némans 50-16rHs OxTaGpa (50th anniversary of October (revolution) square), Muscovites among themselves continued to use the old (and ‘new'!) name Manéxuas. All this means that asking may well be more efficient than trying to follow maps! UNITI3 177Your turn to speak 6 12 onatrip to Russia, you are introduced to a school teacher, Tatyana. Practice what you would say to her about your interests and pastimes, where you live, work ete. Once you have had a try, turn on the recording and listen to what she says about herself. Useful phrases: 4 (we) KenaT, (Ne)34MyxKeM T'm (not) married y Mena de neTéi /neT neTéH Thave two children / I don't have children y Menai ect 1m/no4n (/104Ka) Ihave a son/daughter emy/eit 18a roa / uaTS WET he/she is 2 years old / 5 years old OKMBY / MbI KHBE! I live / we live... B ABYXKOMHATHOM KBApTHpe in a two-room apartment BrocyspeTBennon /cOOcTBeHHOH ina state-owned / one's own apartment Kpapripe a padorato B/Ha... I work in... y Menai Mi.10/Mu6ro cBo66aHOrO Thave little/lots of free time ppémenn ‘4 3aHMMAlOcE cnOpTOM Ttake part in a sport 4auTaTh to read cMmorpéTs TeseBtiz0p to watch television mpoBoutiTs cBoOduHoe BpéMs... to spend free time... BBIXONHEIE AHH days off, the weekend wa naue in the vacation home JaHHMATECH MBETOBOACTBOM to grow flowers XOIITS 3a FpHOaMH to go mushroom-picking Answers Practice what you | Exercise 1 (i)¢ (ii) b (iii) b havelearned | Exercise 2 (i) swimming, 4 times a week (ii) basketball, 3 times a week (iii) badminton, once a week Exercise 4 (i) b (ii) c (iii)a 5 (jc fik In (i) g.e,b,m,h,d.a Exercise 6 (i) old district (ii) 15 years ago (iii) three (no grandmother) (iv) two-roomed_(v) keep books there Exercise7 (i)¢ (iia (iii) b Exer Grammar | Exercise 8 (i) orkptipderca (ii) orkpsipder (iii) Hawnndio (iv) Haumuderca (v) 3aHHMdiocs (vi) 3aHHMdeT (vil) Kon4dem (viii) HauNHdetea; KoHYdeTCA Exercise 9 (i) sannmderect (ii) cnéprom (ii) sauumdeunca (iv) mpeTonéncraom (Vv) crlipKoit (vi) 3aHHMdeMca Read and understand | Exercise 10 (i) Ons (ii) Tars4via Bactimenna (iii) Mrope (iv) Cepréit Muxdiitonn4 —(v) Mapia KOprenna (vi) Mama (vii) Bépa Tienosna (viii) Kara Exercise 11 (i) with parents and grandmother (ii) cooperative flat (iii) two-roomed | (iv) likes to read and listen to music (v) swims once a week (vi) go mushroom-picking or do nothing 178 UNIT13| You will learn to answer questions about vacation plans to talk about buying an apartment to describe your work or studies to talk about plans for the future to invite somebody out and you will read about life ina Russian city Study guide Dialogues 1, 2: listen without the book Dialogues 1, 2: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogue 3: listen without the book Dialogue 3: listen, read and study Practice what you have learned Dialogues 4, 5: listen without the book Dialogues 4, 5: listen, read and study one by one Practice what you have learned Dialogue 6: listen without the book Dialogue 6: listen, read and study Practice what you have learned Study the Key words and phrases ‘Study the Grammar section carefully Do the exercises in Read and understand Read Did you know? Do the exercises in Your turn to speak Listen to all the dialogues once again straight through UNIT14 1796) 1 Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna Boris Mikhailovich Larisa Alekseevna C2 2 Tanya Misha Tanya Misha Dialogues Where are Larisa Alekseevna and her family going on vacation? Japtica Anexcéenna, kys14 pot 1loésere B Stnyck? B $tom rony p Gryck Mu 1loéuem Ha psiGanky, Ha péuky Axry6a Kak pit Tam Oyztere mpononiirs RpéMst? Hy myak Gyater xomuitrb Ha pHIGAky PAHO Yrpom. Mut c 64epbI0 Gy/em kynarics, 3aroparb, roTéBHTb yx¥ H 3aHHMATECA JIOGIMBIMH CBOFIMH nendmu. A abi Ofsere Tam rinépare? Ila, ra Over TE1uIas, xop6u1as Bor. psiduixa fishing yx a particular type of fish soup péuxa Axry6a a (small) river, Kynares /iténath to swim the Akhtuba kya Bhi noéaere B 6rnyck? where will you be going on your vacation? The verb noéxass ends in exactly the same way as €xaTs 'to go by vehicle’. The no- in front puts it into the future. Thus: anoéay Iwill go MBI moéiem we will go ‘Tei noénems you will go BbI NoéHeTe you will go (pl. or formal) on/oud noéaer he/she will go oma nogayr they will go 8 Srom rong this year B enényroulem roy next year Kak bit Tam 6Yaere nposonirs Bpéms? how will you spend your time there? To say what you will be doing in Russian, you use, as appropriate, 8 O¥ay, Tot OYaeutb,... followed by an infinitive verb, i, 9 6Yay HMTaTE, a TBI O¥neut Kyndréea 'I shall read and you will swim’ (there is more about the future on page 189) §rpom in the morning. Other times of the day: lawém during the day néwepom in the evening Mbt ¢ n6uepu10_my daughter and I. Similarly: Mbt ¢ Mjakem / ¢ ENO my husband / wife and I. The verb takes the normal ending after mt. 3anuMé Tica 1NOGAMBIMH cBORMH sten4MH to be occupied with our favorite pastimes Misha is going further away Miitna, a kakite y Te64 mndni Ha nér0? Jétom, 1 1YMat0, Mot NOgIEM Co MKEOH, Fixe # pare yuriICA, B Taro. Mes Ta Gy nem noKésbiBare creKTaKIb ay Awuiepcen’. Mit TaM OYs1eM 2KHTb B CEMbSX B MAICHBKOM r6poste OxteHce. A 4170 Tht x6uemms Tam TocMoTpérs.? Hy, Boo6iné, npécto Sue HetTepécHo HocMoTpér» pyr Yio crpany. cnexréxart show, performance poobmé in general Hanna Denmark eTpana country Katie y Te6A mdust wa x0? what plans do you have for the summer? ‘You can use this construction just to find out about somebody's plans for the evening, i.e. kaxiie y Te6a /y pac naanet ua éuep? 180 UNIT 14co mx6n0i, rae a pamnine yurises with the school, where I previously studied. The verb yaiirbex means ‘to study, to be student’. The present tense is: ayayen Mot Yaumcs Tot Fanuc ant funrece ou/ona funres out fuares Mut Ofsem 2KHTE B cémEsX to live with families. If he already knew the family he was staying with, he could say: ut Ofslem 2KHTS ¥ Apyaéit we will live with friends. 4TO Thi XOueuME TAM MOCMOTPETE? what do you want to see there? If Misha had no particular idea, he might ask: 470 MOxKHO NOcMOTpéTh? what is there to see? nocmorpérh to look at on a specific occasion. This is the perfective form of cmorpéTs. (See grammar on page 189.) Practice what you have learned Kro xyaa? or Who is going where? Listen to your recording then note the mistake in each of the following statements. (Answers on page 194.) (i) Kolya is going with his brother to Tsarskoye Selo. He wants to see the lycée where Pushkin studied. (ii) Olya and her school are going to England, where they'll put on their show: ‘Our Pushkin’. (iii) Yelena Dmitrievna and her husband are going east. They plan to swim and sunbathe. You are going on holiday with your husband and daughter. You will be asked where you are going and what you'd like to do there.-As always, listen for Andrei’s prompts. UNIT14 1816 3 Tanya Pavel Tanya Pavel Tanya Pavel Tanya Pavel Tanya Pavel Tanya Pavel Tanya Pavel Dialogues Pavel is planning to buy an apartment Tei cHuMdent Keapritpy? Tloxa # knBy c poarrenamn, Ho coSupaiocr kynitTb Kooneparhe, Oo... KaK6it? A xouy ByxKOMHATHDII, B n6Bom s16Me? Tla, om ceitudc erpéures, Ho # Hanéiocb, 4ro 4épes ron OH OYsteT y>xé rotéa. Kyxtiat Comput? 12 kpanparHbix Mérpos. Ml Gank6n ects? Boubutdst 16.2ks., Tam s coOupaiocs paspomiirh dake BETH. W xax s6nro xnaTb? Hy, # Hané1cb, 4To 4épes rout 4 yxké OYay B STOM KRApTApe AKUTD. Hy, HanépHo, 410 6e3YMHo 16poro? He Guen, 12 Teica pyOnéi, H HonOBfiKy MHe act B KpemitT Moé npennpnsrne. loka for the moment Koonepatie another word for ‘cooperative apartment’ yoké already Torén (f.roréma) ready GasK6w/a61KNa balcony mike even Geaymuo n6poro ‘madly’ expensive uépes roa. ina year ‘rt cuumdeiis knaprihpy? do you rent an apartment? The infinitive is cHuMaTb KBaprapy. ¢ positrenamn with my parents. The nominative — ‘parents’ ~ is ponirresmm. coGuparocs, kynstrs KoomepaTéB I plan to buy a cooperative apartment. CoOuparrnes ‘to plan, intend’ is another way of expressing the future. It too is always followed by an infinitive verb. om ceitudc erpéwres the apartment building is being built at the moment. Tom can refer to a simple ‘house’, but in cities it more often refers to an apartment building. a nanétocn (, 470...) Ihope (that...). The infinitive is nanéwrsca, 12 Knayparauix mérpon 12 square meters paspowtrs nperst to grow flowers. A garden eam is no more than a dream for most Russian city dwellers, but one might also grow flowers in a garden, Beany. Kak 16.10 21a? how long will you have to wait? (The word wo ‘necessary’ is understood.) noxoniny mHe xacr 8 Kpemir Moé npeanpasrue my firm will lend me half. Hpexmpnarne ‘business, enterprise’ comes at the end of the sentence as the most important element. This is a principle worth remembering when searching for the subject of a complicated sentence! 182 UNIT 14Practice what you have learned a 3 Aleksei is answering some questions about his present and future homes. Listen to your recording, then choose the correct answers below. (Answers on page 194.) (i) Aleksei and his wife are living with: (a) his wife's parents] (b) his parents Oo (ii) They plan to buy: (a) a one-room apartment with a big balcony Qo (b) a one-room apartment with a big kitchen Qo (iii) The building is: (a) in anew building in a new district Oo (b) inanew building downtown Qo (iv) They should be there (a) ina year a (b) in two years o 6) 4 Youwill be talking about the apartment you would like to buy. aH aS_ S+x kommatnyo xnaprapy / 44 xB. Mz 20 #14+I0 /, Komans naompopannye, kyxoia 7,5 m,5 ovex G-THoTAKHOrO Joma, PANOM CTaHIMA MeTpO "OrpamHoe” HY iHO = 2 ormexbune xBaprupy ‘BOSMOMHH BapMeHTH ten: 404 - 22 - 76 404 22 76 404 22 76 404 22 76 404 22 76 404 22 76 404 22 76 ‘Many of those desperate to exchange their flats stick signs like this on lamp posts and any other available surface UNIT 14 183Dialogues () 4 What is Kotya’s ambition? Maria Dmitrievna K6n, a ken Tot x6weums crars? Kolya A meurévo crars KocMOHaBTOM, HO, HaBépHO, omYuiETCs LOK pom. Meurars to dream, aspire miocpép driver, chauffeur KocMonder astronaut » [Kem Tot x6veum crate? what would you like to become? The verb erat to become’ is followed by the same instrumental case endings as sanumarbcs (see page 164 and the grammar summary on page 211). | noayanres mocbépom I'll end up a driver. Any noun after noayaitrses ‘to turn out' is also in the instrumental case. 6} 5 Dima asks Lyena whether she works or is studying Dima A bei uTo nénaete, funrece finn paGGraere? Lyena An yufcr, w padéraio. A padérao carHTépKoH B Gonbuiitte, a néYepoM. Yuycb B MEAMUMHCKOM ysrisIMMe. Dima Qi, a nyMaio, STO GueHD TpYsHO, yuriTEcs H pabbrarp. Lyena 370 6uenb Tp¥uHo, KOHEYHO, HO MHe HpaButcs. KonéuHo, HHormd s Guetib yeraib, OTOMY HTO 3aHsTHA HAYMHAIOTCA B LECT, a aaKaHunpaiores 8 EBS, a HHO néKe N16axKe. Ho MHe HpésHtea! Dima AA ayMavo, sandTua MenHuiHol TpPé6yror GueHb MHOro BpéMeHH, Bot XOTHTe cTaTh BpAa¥oM? Lyena Hy, « cHawdna crany MenuumHcKolt cecrp6it, a nor6m 2xke, 6c NONS4nTes, A HONps6yto Hoctyndrh B MeNHUMHCKHi HHCTHTYT. Dima Hy, # Hanéwce. Lyena Wa nanéwce! canurépxa hospital attendant aanirras (pl.)_ lectures, studies Gosbufina hospital pay doctor Mesmuinckoe yurinme medical cana first of all school for nurses, midwives etc. MeamuiimeKas cecrpé (or q aymare. to think Mesiceerpa) nurse ‘pyano difficult norom xe then » [puraro aénaere, furecs umm padéraere? what do you do, study or work? 4 | sm yayes, m paGérawo I both study and work. The easiest way to express "both (... and... is putting # before each of the two. Another example: st OMY CTT H MiDKeHEpOM, H Galt T want to be both an engineer and a ballerina. % | + pad6rawo canwr4pKoit I work as a hospital attendant. Any occupation following pa6éra’ has instrumental endings (i.e. the same endings as after 3anumarses). Thus: paG6rars Bpauém to work asa doctor paGGrars HwxKeHépoM to work as an engineer padrars uiocpépom to work as a driver pa6érars yuirrenem (f. yairrembunnen) to work as a teacher » | mue mpapirres I like it (lit it is pleasing ro me’). The question ‘do you like...?” begins nam upanures...? » | uuoraa 4 64ens yeraro sometimes I get very tired. On any particular occasion, Lyena # yerana ‘I'm tired’, while a man would say # yeram. » | sanaTus nauunétores B 6, a 3aK4u4unaoTea B 9 lectures begin at 6 and end at 9. 3akanumeareca is another word for KoHYaTECH. 184 UNIT 14wees née néwxKe even later sandra MenHMAHoi Tpé6yIoT Gen’ MHGrO BpémeHH medical studies take a lot of time écam nosgunres if it works out a nonpédyto nocrynaTs B MemuincKuit HHeTATST I will try to get into a medical institute (for doctors). Hocryné'rs is used with any educational institution, e.g. nocrynarb B yuupepeurér, B uneruryr. M1 rlomp66yto ‘I shall try’ is important here since without connections the competition for higher education is fierce. Practice what you have learned 5 What would you like to be when you grow up? is a question children will always willingly answer! Look at the pictures below and see if you can fill in the missing professions (with the right endings). (Answers on page 194.) Professions wwxenép yairrenp (m.) / yairrensumna (f.) anepina nncéreas (m.) / mucérensanna (f.) writer KocmoHaeT (iv) A Meu TaIO CTATE oon (V) A MeuTavo craTh (vi) A Meuraéio crate 6) 6 Viadimir Dmitrievich has met some of his ex-pupils at the school New Year concert and asks them what they do now. Listen to their replies, then match the statements in each list which go together. (Answers on page 194.) New words; eaarorduecknit uuerurgr teachers’ training college ncropiueckwii cbaxyasrér history department (i) Frpom » padéraro w (a) 4 way4ivo MHocTpannsie asbIKti Ooamnime (b) a paG6rawo néuepom » arasine (ii) a aKrép (c) a Béwepom yaycs B MeaMUfHCKOM (iii) yayes w nenarordueckom yuronmune uncruryre (@) a padéraro n Tedrpe B Mockné (iv) a yaycs yunnepenrére e) 7 Your name is Dima, and, while working as a driver, you are studying at a medical college. Listen for Andrei’s prompts. UNIT 141856) 6 Dima Lyena Dima Lyena Dima Lyena Dima Lyena Dima Lyena Dima Lyena Dialogues Dima invites Lyena to the theater MKhAT Jléxa, y Mend ecr 1a Gustéra 8 MXAT. Bot He xorstre 1tofirHi co MuHoii BTearp? Awa kak6il criex Taxis? Mins Béus Yéxona, Oli, 4c ynonémecrRHem noitay. Sameudrembo. A rite Mbl Bcrpérumca? Y tenerparpa 8 6.30. Moxer Gxitb, nyuie B naTHANNATe MHHYT ceMbMOro? Hy, xopomis. Kak pam yi160x0. Horowopisince. Ho werpéun! Ho netpéun! Cnacii6o! MXAT Moscow Arts Theater aameudrerno marvelous Kak Bam ys166H0 as you wish Haag Bana Yéxova Chekhov's Uncle Vanya aoronopiuines agreed go nerpéun! until we meet! BbI He XoTMTe HOHTH CO MHOH B TeATp? would you like to come with me to the theater? co muoit with me. Other useful forms are: ¢ wémm with us, ¢ nda with you (formal or plural), € to66H with you (singular, informal), Ha KaK6A eneKTAK.1? to what production? acynoB6ascTBHeM HOARY I'll go with pleasure. The verb HsxTHt ‘to go by foot’ also has a form used for specific future actions — noftri. The endings are the same as for uxra: a noiny I will go MBI HoiKEM we will g0 ‘Tei noite you will go ppt noiiaére you will go (pl. or formal) ow/ond noiaér he/she will go omit noir they will go ange Mbt nerpérumes? where shall we meet? The infinitive of this perfective verb is perpérutaca. y Teserpacpa by the telegraph office AYUME BNATHAMMATE MHHYT ceADMOro better at a quarter past six OCHOBHAR CYEHA Uexna 3 py6na MXAT Cuena © npoesne Xyzomecreennore rearpa Cepua AA NAPMEP B/sit. Ne 8 20 600730 Pp: npas. Ne i ’ 97 WIONA 1988 BEYEP 186 UNIT 14Practice what you have learned el 8 There must be something in the air... Three people have confused their respective arrangements for going to the theater, Listen to the dialogues on your recording, then look at the pictures below and explain the mistake each person has made. (Answers on page 194.) J{HM TYPBUHBIX 6) 9 Youare visting Moscow and a new acquaintance has managed to obtain tickets to the theater. Listen to Andrei’s prompts. UNIT 14187Key words and phrases To use p 5rom roay Bcuéayroutem roay noéxare (a noéay, Mbt HoéxeM) (perfective) noitré (1 noiY, MoI NOAM) (perfective) 8 OF Y, Mbt OFs1eM... KynaTBen rorénurs, MBI ¢ n64epbI0 §rpom awem néuepom. yuurrbca (a ya¥eb, Tht F ro M6xkHo nocmorpér! 2KHTS B CEMBSX 2KUTS Y mpy3it 2KHTD ¢ possiresaMH cuumars KBapTapy coOuparnes (5 coOMpai0ce, Tot cobupaemcs) naéatscs (x nanéiocs, Tht Hanéenibes) 8 MeHT{NO CTATH.. a craHy, Thi CraHCUIE... KocmonanTom Ganepinoit noayumres (+ instrumental) padérars Bpayom padérarh MenmmiucKoi cecrpéit / MesiceeTpoit 5ro Guens Tp¥AH0 Mule HpaBnresi.. yeranar (a ycraro, Tht yeraéui) nonpéGonars (1 nompooy10, TI nompo6yeuts) (perfective) nocrynirh B yausepeHTéT nocrynits B HHCTHTYT MBI BerpérHmes. y Tenerpacba kax Bam y166H0 sloroBopanncs To understand Kyat Boi noéaere » 6rnycx? Kak Bot GfneTe npoBOAHTE Bpéma? Kaktie y TeOf / y Bac MIAHBA... na néro? a néuep? Kem Thi x6uenms / BBI XoTHTe CTATL? this year next year to go by vehicle (I will go, we will go) to go on foot (I will go, we will go) Iwill, we will swim cook my daughter and I in the morning in the daytime in the evening to study what is there to see? to live with a family to live with friends to live with (one's) parents to rent an apartment to plan, intend to hope I dream of becoming. I will become, you will become... an astronaut a ballerina it will turn out... to work as a doctor to work as a nurse itis very difficult like... to get tired (I get tired, you get tired) to try (Iwill try, you will try) to enter university to enter an institute we will meet. by the telegraph office as you wish agreed where will you go for (your) vacation? how will you spend your time? what plans do you have... for summer? for the evening? what do you want to be? 188 UNIT 14Grammar The future tense To say that an action will be taking place, or that it will happen more than once, the future of 6s1rs (to be) is used, followed by an infinitive verb, e.g.: Ofay awrdrn Iwill read O¥nems KynarHes you will bathe O¥aer saropirs he/she will sunbathe GJnem urpars B-TénnHe we will play tennis Gynere paborars you will work Gfayr wayuare pyccKmit saeiK they will study Russian No indication is given as to whether the action will be completed; all the speaker indicates is that it will be occurring. Even if you are not talking about an action, but rather a state, you still use the future of 61s, for example: 5 OFay Ha paG6re I will be at work Keapritpa 6Yner roréna uépe3 rox The apartment will be ready in a year A different form of the future is used, however, in order to talk about a specific single action in the future. Typical examples where such a form would be used are: 'I will finish that book tonight, ‘He will set off for Moscow tomorrow’, ‘We will buy him a small present’. In Russian, this type of future action is expressed by the perfective aspect of the verb. It is most common for perfective verbs to be formed by adding no- to the verb, for example: nompéGovare to try snionpooyw I will try noéxarb to go by vehicle sanoéay will go by vehicle noitrit to go on foot a noaixy I will go on foot no0Gé1aTb to have lunch a moooéxaro I will have lunch noemorpérs to have a look amocmorpro I will have a look You will see that the verb endings are those with which you are already familiar. Without the prefix mo- the form of the verb used is, in fact, the imperfective aspect. Unfortunately not all these perfective forms begin with no-. There are a number of other possible prefixes and sometimes the verb itself changes. Compare the following: urate -npounrars to read Yrpom s Ofay uurarn Kuary. In the morning I will be reading a book. SA upounrino Kuary (H nomay B Kacbé). I will finish the book (and go to the café). nerpeuirses - scrpéruraca to meet B Mockné 9 Ofay scrpexirics Kaokuubiit ene ¢ apyaKsimn, In Moscow I will meet with friends every day. Tne msi aerpérumes? Where shall we meet? ‘There is also one exception (only one!) to the rule that adding mo- makes a verb perfective. It is the verb ‘to buy’ where the form of the verb with no- is actually the imperfective, i. noxynars, while the perfective is kymérs, for example: FA O6s1bme He OFay HOKYMATD Sty raxéry. Oud He GueH» HHTepécHas. I won't buy that paper any more. Ii’s not very interesting, SI ceréama KyMNO NATOK. I will buy a scarf today. Since it is rather a tall order to lear the perfective form of every verb, try to concentrate on becoming familiar with those which you are most likely to need. Turn the page for the exercises. UNIT 14 189LO sciowpeiroranistrying to persone’ Pics al her fail to join group heading to the river on vacation. In the box below is information about how each person normally spends his or her vacation. Bearing it in mind, fill in the missing verbs in the dialogue using the future tense. (Answers on page 194.) apéms? Ha psiGaaxy. (i) Kak mpi tam.......... (i) Hy, Mbt e Myxcem .. . BTEHHHC. (iii) Tana a Cepéxa (iv) Tot, Hipa, .. (Vv) Toit myax .. w. © CBIHOM. (vi) Ons... (vii) Baé6yuxa .. XY (viii) A ost, Anexcdnapa Huxouienna, .. MBI e MYAKeM XOIHM Ha he KHUI. Tamara Tam ur0, My3éit? Tanya Het, ram Her my3éa, Ho monn Tys4 npux6uaT H ocraBnfior HésTICH Ha cTeHax, IMUYT LHTATBI M3 er6 KHUT. Tamara Hy, adnbuie re THI Gpind? Tanya Tlor6m x peutfina noGpoars 110 Mecram, rue akfuH, Gpoutisn repow Byardxona. H 6tis1o Suen merTepécHo. Tamara A rue npuGauatrestHo Tot Oburd ete? Tanya Ha Tlarpndpurx npynax, oft ner, ceiiudc onmt Yicrore Hasuipworea, Tit n6MHHiNb poms Macrep 1 Maprapitra? JIéiicrane Kak pas vawunéerca Ha Marpudpumx npynax. TIpdéeita, B Tom 16Me, oTKY2a yaeréa Maprapfira, # emé He Oind. Ho coOuparoce. Tamara He cakes, Korn oTKp6i0T My3¢ii? Tanya He 311810, Ho rowopstr, To cK6po. ocrapaiirs iamnen leave poman novel inscriptions, graffiti AGHCTBHe KaK paa HauHNdeTcs... nucérs (a num, 751 MiHeMs) 10 write the action begins precisely... aéumine further, (here) next mpaaa_ truth; (here) it's true MpHOsmmaarenHo roughly, approximately ‘Thi Ke 3HdemB, ... you know (of course)... The particle axe simply adds emphasis to the words it accompanies. Kak # 06210 Byaraxona how I love Bulgakov. If the object of a sentence (the word in the accusative case) is a masculine noun referring to a person, the ending does change. Like the genitive, such nouns normally end in -a or -1 A m106.s10 Hy uxuna, Péroaa. Again, names which look like adjectives have adjectival endings , e.g.: A m00.0 HocroéncKoro, “aiixéuckoro. 8 TOM OMe, rae OM 2K in the house where he lived a¥oaM Ty44 pux6axt people go (lit. come) there. The verb mpuxosirs (a NpHXOXS, Tht NpHXGmMMS) Means ‘to come’, thus: A MPHXOXKY # yHABepeuTér | arrive at the university A MpWXO*Y Ha paGOry I arrive at work minnyT uwrérst H3 er Kaur they write out quotations from his books a peutita noGpomiTs no MecTam, rae 2ktisIH H Oponium repon Byaraxona I decided to wander around the places where Bulgakov's characters lived and wandered. Io6ponir® is the perfective form of Gpoxitrs. Io- is often used to indicate that the action lasted a short time, e.g. nownrars to read a little nocnar® to have a nap Pe Tht 61x14 emé? where else were you? The word emé can be used to ‘mean ‘else’, but in a negative sentence emé ue/meT. means ‘not yet’. na [arpuapuimx npynax, ... cetude on Uricrise naabinavores at the ‘Patriarch’s Ponds’,... now they're called ‘Clean ponds’. In fact this is not correct: until 1991 they had a different official name. Now they are once again 'Patriarch's Ponds’. 196 UNIT 15Cd 1 New words: orkgaa ynerana Maprapitra from where Margarita flew away (yes, literally!). The prefix y- is often used to indicate (going, taking...) away. The opposite (coming, bringing...) is mpa, e.g.: mpaaerars to arrive by air yuerare to leave by air MpHXxosATE to arrive (on foot) yxouitT to leave (on foot) Korstd orkp610T My36il? when will they open a museum? OrKpsiTs (#1 oTKp610, Th OTKPGeIS) ‘to open’ is the perfective form of OTKPHIBATD. ronopitr, #70 ex6po they say soon Practice what you have learned Masha has had a very full day visiting places connected with literary or music figures. Listen to her account and mark out her route on the map below. épKons Bosmecéuns Church of the Ascension BenudTnes to marry (ina church) orrgna_ from there 6nepueii nenéu [axiuan the opera singer Chaliapin Below are the places Masha mentions, and the reasons each is of interest. The two lists have been jumbled up. Can you match them correctly? (Answers on page 210.) (i) Hépxons Bosnecéuna (a) rae axiom Tyuncun n er6 Ken’ Gi) Boasmas Canvas (b) rae acer Hasso (iii) Apoar () rae nenaéaes Hyun (iv) Yanna Yalixénckoro (2) ae xno Bysrxon You will play the role of Seryozha, a lover of literature and music. You will be asked which writers you like: Kakax mucdteseit Bb 1v6HTe?, and which composers: KaKAX KOMMO3HTopoR BbI sOGHTE? UNITIS 197Tanya (> 3 Yuri Bandura Dialogues Tanya can now read Bulgakov with her students Muxafin Byrékon, J16s1roe ppémsi o HéM He ropopfimn, B ikéne ndoke He ynomnndain. M nor B rlocnésiHee Bpémst CTa:TH BEIXOIUITT sHamenfirsie pomaxit Byrdkora, Macrep # Mapraprira, n6nects Cobésse cépane, Poxontie Aitna w upyrtic. HM ndake B unk6ze Mbt Teriépb Méxkem BMécTe ¢ yHeHHKAMH unTaTe H Béslyi0 radpiio, 4 Cobause cépane, roBopitrs 0 nésHbIx MpoOsIEMaX, O YenoRéuHOcTH. $70 6¥eHb OTpAuIHO, WTO Sto CrAs10 BOIMOXHO. a6aroe ppéms for a long time ‘renéps now Bocnéanee Bpéms lately pMécTe ¢ yueHMKiimu together anamenireiit famous with the students nénecrss Codéuse cépaue the short Bénaa radpana White Guard novel Heart of a Dog orpaauo heartening Poxowsie sia Fateful Eggs BOIMOKHO possible ‘0 néM He rowopfim he wasn't talked about. The endings of pronouns after © (about) are: 060 Mie about me mac about us ore6é about you onac about you (pl. or formal) ouém about him onMx — about them oneH about her He ronopétn..., He yomMHHdsIN he wasn't spoken about..., he wasn't mentioned. Russian uses the third person plural (the ons form but without the| Pronoun) in both the present and past to express this passive meaning. créam puixomirs... have begun to be published ropopiTh 0 BéuHsIx NpoGAEMAX, 0 YeTORéMHOCTH to talk about eternal problems, about humanity. Any word following o (about) takes prepositional endings (the endings introduced in Unit 2). Yuri Bandura, deputy editor of Mock6nexue nénocrn, talks about his newspaper Mock dackue HOpocTH — exerenéibHHK, OH BEIX6INT pa B HeAé:TIO, no cpésam. Ytpom yxké mpomaéres B KHGcKaX, BO BCex. oGmécrBeHHo-nomMTH4ecKHl exeHEneILHHK, Mbt 11fieM, PIBHbIM 66pa30M, 0 npo6émax, KoTOppie crosr népen Hauer crpaHoi. ‘STO SKOHOMAMECKHE TIPOGIEMBI, MOTINTAYECKHE, HONIOAKEHHE B 6ONACTH kysibTypbi. Haina raséra Hanaétca Ha NATH xabiK4x. Ito pyccKui, aHrnflicknit, ppannyscknii, HcréHcKHit H apa6cKHi. oGmécrBenHo-nosmTiHecKHit socio-political exxeHeaéIbHHK a weekly raapHbim 66pas0m in the main akoHoMéteckue mpo6.1embI_ economic problems nonoxkénue 8 6nacTH KysbTYpH1 the situation in the cultural sphere OM Buix6uuT pas B MenémO it comes out once a week. Many papers come out every day KaxKbIM eH, or twice a Week jABa pasa B HENEsO, to cpéaam on Wednesdays. Similarly, no nonenébmmKam on Mondays, 10 BTOpHHKaM on Tuesdays etc. 198 UNIT ISnponaéres 8 KH6cKAX, BO BceX iit is sold in all kiosks. Many verbs in Russian can be given a passive meaning by adding -es. Other examples: raxéra waaaéres the paper is published, 20m erpdwres the house is being built. Korépiie crosit mépen némei erpan6it which face our country uguaérea ua nah sexx is published in five languages. In two (three or four) languages would be Ha 1BYX (Tpéx, HeTbIpEx) AIBIKAX. New word: Practice what you have learned Below are the titles of several Russian papers. Listen to your recording, and decide which paper is referred to in each snatch of conversation. (Answers on page 210.) Muocépane charity, compassion (a) Apryménrs: n bixrss (b) KyseTypa (c) JIwreparypuas raxéra_ (d) Munocépane ‘You have to be sharp to find a copy of many popular newspapers in Russian kiosks. To be ready, Kolya has found out when each of his favorite papers comes out, intending to make a note in his diary. Since he has forgotten, can you fill in the details? (Answers on page 210.) (a) nonenémbHHK (@) 4ersépr (b) Brépank (e) nérunua... (c) cpead (g) Bockpecénbe (i) Oronéx (ii) Apryménrer m cbaxrer (iii) JIwreparypuas raséra (iv) Henéna (v) Kyaerypa UNITIS 1996 Mila Natasha Mila Natasha Mila Natasha Mila Natasha Mila Natasha Mila Natasha Dialogues Natasha spent her vacation last year in Sochi Tue ppt orabixdin 8 np6untom rong? B npéuiiom rosy Moi orsibixdim B Con, 51 H MOA Ces. Bus éannimn 10 nyTéeKe? K coxkanénmio, Her, Mit ésunmH sukapimu, Flyrépky Ovex TpYsHO nlocrérb, ostomy Stubix y MeHs Obst HeopraHHadBaHHti. Hy, a ueM pit Tam pcé-TakH aHMMduIMcE? Kynianncs. 4 yuiina cpoer6 céina riapare. A Kak Bb ycrpanpaimich c mHratiHeM? B cronénoit. A @p§xrb1, 6nouut Grim? Ha peinke noxynum ¢p9xrs1, népeukn, BHHOrpas. ; Hy, Ha cnémyioumii rou Bei emé pas noénere B $r0 MécTo? Vist... Jymaio, 4ro na. B mpouniom roxy last year Céun a popular resort town on the Black Sea K coxanénmio unfortunately nosromy therefore Gramix vacation, rest eopranna6sannbiit not officially organized neé-rakH all the same croxénas cafeteria 6nomm vegetables PEK market wa psiMKe at the market népenku peaches Banorpas grapes bi Gam no nyTépKe? did you go on a pass? HyrépKa gives one the right to eat and sleep in a particular rest home or sanatorium. Moi €31Ha1H ANKapsMH we traveled rough, i.e. without any accommodation| organized. A family may simply rent a small room or part of one with no facilities or food provided. A single person would say # €31W.1(a) suKapéM. €3nHTB to travel by vehicle. E3nHTb means to travel frequently or in more than one direction. In the past it can be just one journey there and back. Xouirrs. ‘to go on foot’ is used in exactly the same way. nyTésxy uens TpyaHo Aocrérs it’s very hard to obtain a pass 8 yufsia cpoeré ckina nadpars I taught my son to swim, The endings of Boi CbIH are accusative. Kak BbI Yerpénnasmuck ¢ HHTaHHeM? what did you do about food? na caényrommit rox is another way of saying B exéayromrem roay next emté pa3 once again 200 UNIT 15,Practice what you have learned Victor asks some of his colleagues where they went on their vacation. Listen to the recording, then fill in their replies under the pictures below. (Answers on page 210.) (i) Havaaps Hednosna, re psi orabixdam B npountoM rong? B npéutz0m rong st But éannam m0 ny (ii) Baxrop Séxoponns, re Bb OTALIXATH B NpOULIOM rORY? B npéuniom rony Mat Bot é3anam no nyréoxe? Gi) Oxa, rae Tot oT ABIX41a B MpdULIOM rony? B npéuntom rong s .. ‘Ter €aquxa no nyrésKe? Your name is Dima and you spent your vacation in Sochi with your wife and son. Andrei as always will prompt you. UNITIS 2016) 5 Lyena Dima Lyena Dima Lyena Dima Lyena Dima Dialogues Lyena asks Dima if he's ever been abroad Ckapxiire, Bet Osta Kornd-HMGys» 9a rpantineii? Ila, 9 Header npuéxan 43 Pepmannn. A bo Tam OxuTH Kak TypficT? Her, a tam yurisica, ; Oi, 6ueHs nurepécHo. A pacckwxtire, 1 HUKOrIA He BbuId 3a rpanfinei. AA yuristca B Map6ypre. I usy4én Tam 3KOHOMMKY. Moi xkYumt TaM B o6uie-«tiTHn. Ho He TOmbKO yuiLT 9KOHOMHKY, MyTeMécTBOBAN NO Beeit cTpané, Mue due nonpasiiocb. A Bam Gxitt0 nerk6 pasrondpHnar ¢ monbMti? Cuaudna 6x10, KOHEUHO, TsKENO, HO TlOCTeNIEHHO A TIpHBLIK. Cefiuéc A NOBGILHO-TaKH CBOGEHO ToROpIO T0-HeMéuKH. Ho, npaBia, B Hlocié Hee BpEMsi, CTE HeGONbutITe TIPOONEMbI ¢ TIpAKTHKOI. Korud-HHGyin ever, at any time 3a rpanfneit abroad pacekaxtire tell me (about it) akoHémuKa economics oOmexirrHe hostel 8 o6mextTHH ina hostel cuauéina at first nlocrenéuno gradually NOBOIbHO-TaKH/1OBOIbHO fairly 4 ueadpuo mpuéxan w3 Tepmannn I recently arrived (back) from Germany. Us 'from' is always followed by genitive endings, ‘From Marburg’ would be ua Maip6ypra. Kax Typfier as a tourist uukorsté ne Goud... I've never been... HaKoraé ue ‘never’ can be used in front of any verb. yaris1 2KoHOMMKy studied economics. Yass if used with a subject means ‘to learn, study’. If it's followed by a person it means ‘to teach’. a nyTemécrsosas no nceit crpané I traveled around the whole country. Other useful phrases: nyTemécrsonaTs no Pocefm to travel around Russia nyTemécTeovars Ho Bcemy MApy to travel around the whole world Mue 6uews noupasuzoce I liked it very much BaM OFLI0 erk6 pasronapuBats ¢ moAbMH? was it easy to converse with people? The opposite, i.e. ‘difficult’, is taaken6 or, more commonly, Tp¥/aHo. A mpuBsik T've got used to it. A woman would say # mpaBKiK.na. 8 €B0662H0 roBopio Ho-HeméuKw I speak German fluently ecTL HeGoBUNie NpOGNEMBI ¢ NPAkTHKOM there are some small problems with practice 202 UNIT 1SPractice what you have learned 6) 8 Aleksei chatted with some people at a party. Later he described his new acquaintances to a friend. Or thought he did. . . He has mixed the people and their accounts up. Listen to your recording, and readjust the order of the sentences below. (Answers on page 210.) () Aaaa wuxoraé ne 6x14 3a rpaninei. (i) Ona Kua 2 oOmexsrHn. (ii) Ona ram waywana cpannyscKuil 136K. (iv) Kara nendano npuéxasa 13 Opannnn. (v) Céma weaénno npnéxan 13 Anrann. (vi) Oud nendeno npnéxana ua Matnexa. (vii) Ona Tam paGorana. Oud npenonandna neméuKHit 361K B yunnepenrére. (viii) On ram yates, (ix) Oné Kwa y apy36i w nyTemécrnonasa no Beet Benapycn. (x) OH noB6.aH0 cBOO6sHO roBOpAT no-aNr-AAiCKM. (> 9 _ dashais talking to Lyudmila Nikolaevna, a professor of foreign languages. She doesn't even attempt to remember how many languages Lyudmila Nikolaevna reads with ease, how many she speaks fluently. Can you? (Answers on page 210.) (a) Mue nerk6 wHTaTE (b) 1 cn066aH0 roBopro (iv) a) (ii) Gi) w) Ademonstration in late 1989. The banner reads ‘It's impossible to live like this’ UNIT IS 203Key words and phrases To use Mpuxomitrs (a MpHXos, Tht mpHxami) Gponirs, — nodponirrs (perfective) nmcérh (@ numtg, T61 niaueutb) © pone Byardxona o noahTaKe 0 BéunbIx mpoonémax ragéra Bbix6uNT... no cpénam no noHeGnbHMKaM Goats (a Gay, Tht Enum) no nyrésKe auxapém (sing.) / smxapéoau (pl.) ‘TpYawo NocTaTE... noKynars (a noKynéto, TH nokyndents) upuéxars (a npuéay, Tt ‘mpHésem) (perfective) wa Pepmannn 13 Jl6nsona nyremécrposars (a nytemécrayto, ‘Thi nyTemécrByeut) no Bceit crpané ser TpYnno /-raKeN6 pasronépunars c 0M cB066,1H0 ronopHrs 1o-HeMéuKHL Npobaémet ¢ mpaKTHKoit To understand Pale BB OTAbIXAIH B Mp6ULIOM rong? MeM BbITaM 3aHHMAsIHCE? Bb OKLNM KOrA-HHOY IIs 3a rpananen? to arrive on foot (L arrive, you arrive) to wander (briefly) to write (I write, you write) about Bulgakov's novel about politics about eternal problems the paper comes out... on Wednesdays ‘on Mondays to go by vehicle (I go, you go) (See the grammar section) with a pass to a sanatorium or resort (travelling) rough itis hard to obtain... to buy (I buy, you buy) to arrive by vehicle (I will arrive, you will arrive) from Germany from London to travel (I travel, you travel) around the whole country (itis) easy (it is) difficult to converse with people to speak fluently in German problems with practice where did you spend your vacation last year? what did you do there? have you ever been abroad? EMEHEAENbHAS TAZETA 204 UNIT ISGrammar Verbs of motion A word of caution ‘There are a large number of verbs of motion in Russian, and it is easy to become bogged down in choice and not move at all! The following should give you some useful information and hints. You may well, however, want to concentrate on certain common usages and make sure you are quite confident with them, The verb to go" Since there are four verbs in Russian which can be translated as ‘to go’, it is necessary to be clear about the differences between them. They fall easily into two categories: wrrit /xonire to go on foot (or to the theatre, cinema etc.) éxars / ésamTh to go by vehicle How to choose between muri and xoniirs? Murr is normally used when you are talking about movement on a specific occasion in a single direction, e.g.: — Kyna oot naere ceréans néaepom? — Where are you going this evening? — Swag na Konnépt/sjoMGit. Iam going to a concert/home. ‘Xouitre is used for frequent movement, and for more than one direction. You will often use this when talking about the past (since you have been in at least two directions ~ there and back!), e.g. AA wdcro xoxs B Tearp. I often go to the theater. Buepa 4 xoniisa na JL400 Bamo. Yesterday I went to Uncle Vanya (and came back again). ‘The same principle applies to éxare (like wurri) and ésnuT» (like xomiTD). Here are some examples: Oud o6riauo és2n7 Ha padéry Ha MeTpo, She normally goes to work by subway, no ceréqns ona éeT Ha aBTOOyce. but roday she is going by bus On o6s1ano x6nuT B Marasin §TpoM, He normally goes to the shop in the morning, Ho cerdans OH MET B Marasiin BéNepoM. but foday he is going to the shop in the evening. The future tense Only the single-direction verbs wari and éxats have perfective forms which are used in the future: writ > — noitra (a noitay I will go, Ts nomémb you will go) GxaTh > noéxare (a moéay I will go by vehicle, Ts1 noéaeus you will go by vehicle) Tlocae paGérsi 9 noiiay B Kade. After work I'll go to a café. Continued. UNIT 15 20510 New words: J1érom moi noéaem na wor. In summer we'll go south. Very often, however, the present tense (writ and éxare only) is used even when you are talking about the future, e.g.: May 34Tpa Ha Konépr. I'm going to a concert tomorrow. The past tense Both noir and noéxars can be used in the pastalso, but they imply shar the action is still in effect. Tue Toma? - Ow noéxan 8 Auramio. He's gone to England. ‘The past of noitré is rather irregular: on nomé.1, ond Hound, OHM NOMA Pe J14pa? — Oné noma na paG6ty. She's gone to work Compare: Box6am wer n6ma, On nowén ua padéry. Volodya isn't here. He's gone to work. Tans, rae Tot 61118? ~ A xommra na pEiHoK. ‘Tanya, where were you? ~ I went to the market (~ but obviously I've come back!). Sapawerayit, Céva! 1 ayman, ro rer noéxan # Kn, Hello, Syeva! I thought you'd gone to Klin (i.e. I didn't expect to see you here). Sapancreya, Her, # 63am Kaun » nonenénoun. Hello. No, I went to Klin (and returned) on Monday. Fill in the missing verbs in the following sentences. (Answers on page 210.) MAMBI HeT 16Ma mother's not at home 63epo Baitkan Lake Baikal DY AM orscsny (ii) To cpénam on. (iii) Bor adero .. BKANO? (Here, X6aUHTe) He 6uens udcro. Ho ceréans mbt ¢ KeHG chic. (use, x6) (iv) Manat wer 6M. Ona . (v) Mut nuepa . Cerda B My 26H. (HAY, xOKY) -. BRAG. (Her, x6mHT) a HOBBI Bunerurgr. (sour, xontina) .- Ha KOHUEpT. (HOULMA, xo) (vi) ceituée nox4erpakaro m 1a padéry. (iotiay, xox9) (vii) Kya wor POuLTOM roAs? (noéxasmH, 631H1H) B mp6mizom rong # .......... 8 Kites (1oéxart, 6201) (viii) 4 o6xtaHo . B Ormyck wa néesue. (éy, é2ky) (ix) Beyoo6ry «. (x) Kak spt ceréanz .. aprédyce? (éere, 62unTe) (xi) B enéayromem rosy not emé pas J1ymavo, «ro ner. CKopée ncero, Mbt 8 Ornyek B Aurnmo. (é1y, 63xy) 1a paGGry — Ha Merpé fam Ha B Arty? (noénete, ésanTe) na 63epo Baiixaa. (s10éem, é3nnm) 206 UNIT 15Read and understand Read the following letters, written by some Russians who have recently returned from vacation. Find out how they like to spend their vacation, what they are interested in. Imagine the sort of vacation you would pick and the letter you would write to them. Sypobemtye, goporoci osepe | 4% pence paccenagame mece 0 cboet noeggne, Hn 1 whows eyguue $ Antu, Foe mov rae, & munoga panmue ue dou za ypa- mune, % ume Fao mar unmereeno! Mor meu- wi $+ cliene 6 uavenonou whoge, Me Une | Uercnupe. 66.xume nceré ua cnére more than anything cAmoe rnésHoe most important 3n6poR0 amazing Moe Bluse 1 Cltahetele Cr eafrbrtatee topogaue Goose Ne et Slee Back Poemote Bouma Bu dina nowga- rudyge 6 wus ropogae’? Onu manus npacutece |! bau ne eau, mo oXtpameuno notzracime! UNITIS 207fro Fewohe uum oreume nberouno gused, AF gyuae, be ucmeme goragamech , eypa wae ey gine, AHonemo, € Muzaciiobeece | Bo oGa2GrenHO noexKAitTe! definitely go there! aorasérbes to guess Muxiuroncxoe family estate of Alexsander Pushkin aiecd w noast forests and fields Morfita grave Tyga me wdupacuibe® noewame 6 ornper 6 wmase wopy ? Cause mo ectge’ ne pcecteta , 0 + penaucigyio mocamme 6 Suing, @ cobeece mepatue rpucwence 1g Semen, ge & omgneain Rywase, ume t megyretsete topy 4 ceeze" ry regy 6 humy Momen Chere, negate Beceerme 7 x6%KMO complicated 8 66umem in general apOy3 watermelon concém absolutely 208 UNIT 15Did you know? 'P¥Konncu He ropat'— ‘Manuscripts don't burn’ ‘These words, from Bulgakov’s novel The Master and Margarita (spoken by the Devil as he restores the master’s apparently destroyed novel), have taken on a particular resonance since the mid 1980s. It is easy to understand why, if one looks back a little, From the days of the Russian tsars, the state has tried to control its writers and artists. In the Russian empire most ‘dangerous’ were those who called for political change or asserted nationalist claims. After the revolution, the net was widened. Particularly under Stalin thousands of writers and artists shared the fate of millions: arrest, torture, summary execution or labor camp. Writers had to be very careful, and often memorized works or entrusted them to friends. After Stalin's death, most of those who had survived the camps were released. However, until well into the 1980s there were cases of writers being sent to labor camps or psychiatric hospitals. Since about 1986 the situation has changed dramatically. All the works suppressed for many years have been published. Some of the greatest writers of the Soviet period have been ‘returned’ to the reading public: Mandel’shtam, Bulgakov, Platonov, Grossman, Solzhenitsyn, Pasternak and many many others. This new freedom or radécwoers (openness) has not been confined to literature. For many years the mistakes of the past, social and economic problems and national conflict were simply denied. While there are people continuing to take this line, it has become possible to read truthful accounts, listen to hard-hitting speeches and form one’s own opinion. The process is continuing, and itis a painful one, but the change is marked: people now speak out, and believe that they have a right to be heard. A photo from the newspaper Poccns, August 1991 UNIT 1S 209i Practice what you have learned Grammar Your turn to speak ‘You have just returned from Russia. You'll want to tell your friends where you have been, what you did and generally share your impressions, You may want to look over the notes about the past tense in Unit 11, The following words and phrases will help you to begin, but there will be a lot of other things you will want to say! 3 HenaBHO Mpnéxan(a) #2... Thave recently returned from... a nyremécrsona.(a) no Bee erpané I traveled around the whole country 8 901(a) Bn I went to, Mute GueHs, HOMpaBHAOCE liked it very much a xont(a) T went... BMysén to museums a BKICTaBKH to exhibitions BOM, Fe KH.. to the house where... lived Mie 661210 Tp§aHo / nerK6 it was difficult / easy to speak with pasronépupars c m0abMi people ‘Once you have tried it yourself, turn on your recording and hear how Sasha talks about his trip. Answers Exercise2 (i) c (ii)d (iii)a (iv)b Exercise 4 (i)c (ii)d (iii)a (iv)b Exercise5 (i) f (ii)b (iii)c (iv)e (v)b,d,g Exercise 6 (i) oramixdan B Arre, mot é3nvum aHKapsMn. Gi) ormsixéamn » Coun; y Hac Gourd nytéaka (1 10M 6rus1xa) (iii) « ormbixdina 8 Kitene; 9 xustd y apyséit Exercise 8 ii, vy viii, x, i, vi, vii, ix Exercise 9 (i) no-ppanuyscxn (ii) no-menéckn (iii) no-Heméuxut (iy) no-anrsiifickn (Vv) o-neméncn Exercise 10 (i) way (ii) xéam (iii) x6anre; uém (iv) nomad (vy) xomiim (vi) nofiny (vii) ann; Esau (viii) éxxy (ix) Ey (%) énete (xi) néenere; nognem 210 UNIT 15Grammar summary Below you will find a brief summary of the main grammar points occurring in this course. Some important grammatical terms will also be explained. NOUNS Cases Nominative case Accusative case Genitive case Dative case Instrumental case Prepositional case Learning case endings ‘A noun is the name of a person or thing, e.g. Tanya, magazine, time. Nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter, In most cases itis possible to tell the gender of a Russian noun from its ending. Most masculine nouns end in a consonant. Feminine nouns normally end in -a or -. Nouns ending in -b may be masculine or feminine — the dictionary entry will tell you which, The majority of neuter nouns end in -0 or -e. ‘There are no words for ‘the’ and ‘a’ in Russian, (See grammar on page 17.) ‘Nouns also have other endings depending upon their function in a particular sentence. There are six ‘cases’ in Russian for such functions. ‘The case required for the subject of the sentence; this is the form mentioned above and the one you will find in the dictionary, e.g.: T6e3x ondampimaer. The train is late. Mencecrpa yeréina. ‘The nurse is tired. (See grammar on page 17.) ‘The case required for the object of a sentence, e.g. SA wurrivo xuiry /-xypwé. am reading a book / journal. When the object is a singular ‘inanimate’ noun, i.e. a thing, only the feminine changes. With ‘animate’ nouns (people etc.), masculine nouns also change, ¢.2.: AA moO Hyununa # Hocroénexoro, | like Pushkin and Dostoevsky. (See grammar on page 44.) ‘The case used after most numbers, after the prepositions 10 (up to), su (for), 6e3 (without) and some others. It is also used after wer to mean ‘there is no... ‘Tpu Guéra 20 Mockosi_ three tickets to Moscow Momoxé wet there is no milk (See grammar on pages 93 and 105; for other references see index.) ‘The case required for the indirect object, used after verbs such as nas (to give) (naire give me...), noxdabimaT® (to show). It is also used to give somebody's age and in talking about feelings etc.,e.g.: A noxéausmaro Hine kuitry. I show Nina the book. Cepréwo x6u10aH0 suecs. Sergei feels cold here. ‘Tamépe andauars xer. Tamara is 20 years old. (See grammar on page 159.) Used after ¢ meaning ‘with’, and after certain verbs, ¢.g. 3ammméir¥ea (to occupy oneself with) and eras (to become), e.g. GyTep6péx ¢ KoxGacoi_ salami sandwich anmdrsea cnéptom to take part in sport Oud craaa mwxenépom. She became an engineer. (See grammar on page 57 and pages 164 and 184.) Used after n/a meaning ‘in/at’, and 0 meaning ‘about’, ‘Ow axunér B Mockné, He lives in Moscow. Oud paG6raer na san6aie. She works at a factory. Ms1 ronopaim 0 awrepargpe. We talk about literature. (See grammar on page 31 and page 198.) ‘There are a lot of endings here. We have found that the best approach is to learn particular ~ useful ~ phrases. For example, if you remember: # wréro kufry (I read ‘a book) and that the accusative is used, you will know the ending for other feminine nouns in the singular, GRAMMAR SUMMARY 2I1PRONOUNS Pronouns (I, you, he, she, etc.) stand for a noun, e.g. Ivan met Sergei, and showed him the room. In Russian, pronouns also have different endings depending upon their function in the sentence. Most useful are the pronoun as subject (the nominative case), as object (the accusative case) and as indirect object (the dative), .2.: HA p§eexuit, Jam Russian. é Bot Mena wonnméere? Do you understand me? Tloxaxtrre ue, noxanylicra, Sty Kuéiry. Show me that book please. Here are the other pronouns: Nominative ‘Accusative Dative a Mens ue Tht Te ‘Te6E on er6 ey ona e eit Mbt ac wa Bo pac am ont wx mM (See grammar on page 131.) ADJECTIVES Adjectives are words such as interesting or beautiful which describe a person or thing. ‘An adjective must have the same gender (masculine, feminine or neuter) and number (singular or plural) as the noun it refers to, e.g. Kpaciinsii KocrioM a beautiful suit kpacéivaa keapriipa a beautiful apartment Kpactinoe madirse a beautiful dress Any adjective in Russian must also have the same case as the noun. The endings, unfortunately, are not the same as for nouns. We suggest at this stage you simply note and try to remember the words you have seen here. (See grammar on pages 17 and 81.) PREPOSITIONS Prepositions are words such as to, from, in etc. In Russian, prepositions take a certain ‘case (never the nominative). Thus nouns following 10 (to) or Ges (without) have genitive endings ‘Some prepositions may take two different cases depending on their meaning. B and na can mean ‘in’ or ‘on’. If so, they are followed by nouns in the prepositional case. They can also mean ‘to’ if used with a verb indicating movement. Any nouns following will be in the accusative case —Pue noi xuvére? 81 Kung » Mocké, Ho éay n J16ns0n. = Llive in Moscow, but I'm going to London. ~. xunf n JT6unone, no éay 8 Mockey. = Tlive in London, but T'm going to Moscow. (See particularly grammar on pages 31 and 105; for other references see index.) VERBS A verb is a word denoting action or being, e.g. she reads, he was. The simplest part of ‘a verb is the infinitive unTérs, (to read), ObrTb (to be). This is the form you find in a dictionary. However, in any particular sentence the ending will change depending on who is the subject of the verb. There are two main types of verb endings. The infinitive of one type ends in -ars (or -r8), and the infinitive of the other ends in -wrs (or -eTB): padérars to work ropopitrs to speak 5 paGéraio s rowopto ‘Tht paGoraents ‘ret rowopiam, on/ond pa6Graet on/ond rosopitr ‘Mbit padéraem Mbt ronopsie. oi padéraere bi ronophre omit pa6éraior oma rovopat 212 GRAMMAR SUMMARYPast tense Future tense Imperfective | Perfective Verbs of motion ‘Sometimes verbs in Russian have -e# attached to these endings. Such verbs are either reflexive, that is they refer to an action which the subject of the verb is doing to him or herself, or they do not have an object, e.g. AA sanumitocs cnéprom | take part in (lit. Loccupy myself) with sport Maranin orkpsinderes #8 wacéa The shop opens at 8 o'clock (See grammar on pages 119 and 173-4.) ‘Talking about what you were doing in the past is very easy in Russian. There are only four endings depending on whether the subject of the verb is a masculine, feminine, neuter or plural noun, Thus: on(3, Tt) paG6rat, owd (2, Thi) paGérara, on6 paG6rano, onf (Mot, nit) paGGrastn. (See grammar on page 143.) It is also straightforward to talk about what you will be doing in the future. The future Of the vert 'to be’ Gur» is used, followed by the appropriate verb in the infin a Ofay padérare ‘ro1 Ofeuns paGorars on/ond Ofer padérars Mbit Often pabérars Gfnere paborart ‘omit 6fayr pabérars, (See grammar on page 189.) Most Russian verbs have two aspects — ‘imperfective’ and ‘perfective’, To talk about an action in general, or one that will go on for some time, perhaps be repeated, the used. This is the one used in all the examples under the verb entries probably the more common. However, to focus on one specific occasion, or on the result of a future or past action, the perfective must be used. Perfective verbs are often, though not always, formed by attaching a prefix to the imperfective verb, e.g.: imperfective anrérs perfective mposmrars, ‘A perfective verb has only two tenses ~ past and future. A upourévo aypusi.x means 'I shall read (and finish) the journal’, ‘A upoumrisx akypwix means finished the journal All perfective verbs are noted in the glossary. (See grammar on page 189.) Russian has a lot of them! There are separate verbs depending upon whether the travel is on foot (ari, xoarrs) or by vehicle (éxarrs, é3:mTs). The choice between wrrit (or éxars) and xomnirrs (or ésamr) is generally clear: wstri is used about movement in a specific direction, normally on a specific occasion. Xoaitr» implies more than one direction, and is therefore used to talk about going somewhere frequently and about having gone somewhere — and come back, ¢.2.: AA way cerdans w kun6. A wéicro xomKS w KMMO. Lam going to the cinema today. I often go to the cinema. Buepa a xonita » Tedrp. Yesterday I went to the theater (and came back again!). GRAMMAR SUMMARY 213Vocabulary a. but/and dprycr August apuaxonnépr airmail envelope apré6ye bus ‘Ampec address axrép actor axrpiica actress aMepukaneu/amepuauKa ‘American man/woman auramicknit, -at,-oe English aNraMtannH/anramudnKa _ Englishman/Englishwoman Auras England anpéars (m.) April annerar; upusrHoro annerirra! appetite; bon appetit! anréxa pharmacist a6yuia grandmother Saumunrén badminton Gaxepana ballerina Ganér ballet Ganx6u balcony Gap bar Gaccéin swimming pool Gexars (a Oer§, Tht Gexsints) to run (Irun, you run) GesanKoréanabii, -as, -o€ non-alcoholic Gé abu, -ax, -0€ white Gena gasoline GuGnmoréKa library Gunér ticket Gudpurréxe beefsteak Gaaronaptirs; Gnarosapro pac to thank; thank you Oumx4iuIMi, -ax,-ee nearest, next GaysKa blouse Garox0 dish Gous (f.); rooBHas Go% pain; headache Gompufiua hospital O6seme more a, Ge big Gopm borshch (beet soup) par brother Oponitrs (x Gory, Th! Gpoxnms) to wander (I wander, you wander) = no6ponits (perfective) to wander a little Oproxn (pl.)_ trousers (pants) G§awre A0Gpsi/m0GEsHBI be so kind, please 214 VOCABULARY Gyrep6p6a_ sandwich Gycér buffet Guinars to be (frequently) Gsierpo quickly Gorrs (# Gay, TH Geum) to be (Iwill be, you will be) Bin, at; to nanrora foreign currency Bam (dative of BB) to you Bac (accusative and genitive of Bb) you pain, nama, adie your nererapwdnen/nererapnanka vegetarian man/woman ea you see, you know; after all ecu; necuOi spring; in spring Béwep; néuepom evening; in the evening Béunbiit, -as, -o¢ eternal BIAT (sf HOIbMY, Th! BOIbMEIIB) (perfective) to take (I will take, you will take) B3aTb HaNpOKAT to rent un view; kind (of) piiterh (a mivky, Th1 BALMS) to see (I see, you see) nné wine BKycHo tasty BKYCHBI, -ax, -oe tasty (adjective) Bond water p6aKa vodka péaayx. air BOIMOAKHOCTE possibility BoK3ai1 railway station bo-néppuix first, first of all nocemuianars eighteen Bécems eight BOcempstecaT eighty pockpecénbe Sunday BOCTOK cast BockMOM, -Ax, -Ge eighth Bor here (is) spay doctor Bpémst; cK6bKo ceituie Bpemenn? time; what is the time? Bee everyone Beers always seer6 in all Beé everything Beranarh (# ncravo, Tht weraéutD) to get up (I get up, you get up) perpesatses to meet —perpérursca (perfective) to meet on a specific occasionsrépunk Tuesday Brop6it, ~Ast,-e second Bxom entrance nuepa yesterday mT (perfective) to drink xix exit BBIXOMMTD (1 BLIXOKY, THE BBINGAMING, OM BEIXGUAT) [0 ‘20 out (of a place) (I go out, you {g0 out, they go out) BbIxoMHGit (neHb) day off ranéra newspaper raxepéa gallery raaeryk tie rapuip garnish, vegetables ractpouom grocery rae where Tepmanus Germany roBopitT? (x roBopro, Tht rosopin) to speak (I speak, you speak) rom year roxoBHas Go headache ropoa city ropsunit, -as, ee (boiling) hot rocraas living room ocr (m.) guest PocyApeTBeHHbIil, -ax, -Oe state FOTOBUTE (5 FOTOB:IO, THI rorépum) to prepare, to cook (I prepare, you prepare) rpu6 (pl. rp6xi) mushroom rpy3iuckwit, -aa, -oe Georgian ryasir® to stroll —noryasrrs (perfective) asstroil to take wa yes maek6 (oT + genitive) far (from) nar (perfective); ai(Te)..! (imperative) to give; give. anétua_ vacation home outside the city supa (sue with f. noun) two jedamare twenty upenamuat twelve aupécrH two hundred uup6e; Ha BOHX two; for two (people) IBYXKOMHATHBIT, Ast, -O€ tWO- room wényuika young woman ewanécro ninety epaTHasaT® nineteen nenarsii, at, -oe ninth népart nine nex pias (no 9TaxK¥) woman ‘on duty (on floor of hotel) nénerByrounni, -ax, -e€ functioning eK46ps (m.) December neknapauns declaration nénars to do, make nee (m.) (18a HA, Tb WHEN) day (two days, five days) nest poxknéuus birthday néupru (pl.) money necépt dessert gecaTsiit tenth nécare ten néru (pl.) children mméra dict suakapée (sing.); amkapéinan (pl.) (travelling) rough amekoréxa discotheque suis (+ genitive) for auém during the day N66 poi, ~oe good, kind mo (+ genitive) to, up to noronopitrscs (perfective); MoroBopfuicr to come to an agreement; agreed soak sNb (m.)_ rain noéxaTh (10 + genitive) to reach, to get to aiGaro fora long time néaaap dollar om house, apartment building noma at home soMéit_ home(ward) nopora road néporo it is dear, expensive nopordii, -Aa, -6e dear no cBnaduna goodbye nocrars (a NocTany, Ts ocrdneuts) (perfective) to obtain with difficulty (I will obtain, you will obtain) nouka /no%» daughter pyr (pl. apysbs) friend apyron, -4s,-Ge other aymars. to think ayumi shower ayuid spirit, soul Goamre (a oxy, Tot €onmIM, On san) to travel (in more than one direction (I travel, you travel, they travel) eré_ him; his VOCABULARY 215e& her écm if ecTh; y Bac ecm are; do you have...? éxars (a Gary, THI élemrs, On ényr) to go by vehicle (in specific direction) (I go, you go, they go) euié still, yet there is, there 2ApKnit, -as, -oe hot 2xApKO. itis hot NATE (5 AKMY, THI ACHE, OFF 2xyT) to wait (for), to expect (Lwait, you wait, they wait) 2KeTATh to wish, to desire xen wife 2kenér married (about man) axusub (f.) life JKT (51 KUBY, ThE AHBEUED, OHM 2KuBYT) to live (I live, you live, they live) 3a_for; behind 3a6poufiponan booked, reserved aanéa, factory adeTpa tomorrow 3aprpak breakfast sdprpakars to have breakfast —nosasrpakars (perfective) aaropars to sunbathe 3a rpaminel abroad 3aKéa_ an order saxasare (perfective) to order BaKpbIBATL(cH) to close saxyeKa hors d'oeuvre aamyaem married (about woman) aanmmdrics (+ instrumental) to be occupied with aanaa_ west andune_ building amecs here aupanereyire, aapasersyl hello aenéuptit, -a, -oe green uma; 3HMOiL winter; in winter 3AMHMii, -4%, -ee winter (adjective) auaTs to know 30ByT; KaK Bac 308? called; what is your name? 4 and urpats to play ATH ( MAY, THI MEU, OF auf) to go, to be going (on foot in specific direction) (I go on foot, you go, they go) 216 VOCABULARY 3 (+ genitive) from wanécTabii, -as, -oe famous uanuuitre excuse me uauéremsera publishing house wayuars to study mKpé caviar fam or fimenno specifically umxenép engineer unorad sometimes mnocrpamupiit, -a, -oe foreign uncrurgr institute nurepécxo (itis) interesting aurepécusiit, -aa, -oe interesting wx them; their wroat (m.) July arom (m.) June Kéxkubtil, -a, -0€ cach kaxerca it seems (to me) kak how Kax6ii, -Aa, -6e what kind of Kawiixyan1 (pl.) (school, university) vacations kaprouka; KpenirHas K. puairHas K. card; credit card, business card or guest's card (in hotel) kapTomnxa (/ Kapromeuka) potatoes xécca cashier's desk KaTaTbes Ha W6DKAX to ski KaTaTHes Ha KOMBKAX {0 skate (on ice) Kacé café xéuta porridge Kéimestb (m.) (genitive sing. Kaur) cough xeapraipa_flat (apartment) kwtorpamm kilogram KHH6 cinema (movies) Kuck kiosk (stand) KuiaGumte cemetery xunou_ key Kora when Kors4-HMOyst ever, at any time Kon0acé salami kOmHara room Konéu; 8 om Kouén end; one way Konéuno of course Konwara(ea) to end KoonepaTipntit, -ax, -o€ cooperative Konéiika (ape KOnéAKH, ATE Koméex) kopeck (two kopecks, five kopecks)Kocmonésr astronaut KorOpbiit, -az, -oe which Kécbe coffee Kpactptit, -ax,-oe beautiful Kpacusiit, -ax,-oe red Kpyraocfrouno around-the-clock ro who Kymarées to swim Kymitre (st KyrM0, Tht KTH) (perfective) to buy (I will buy, you will buy) Kyxna_ kitchen; cuisine aerk6 easy, easily nérHnit, -A5,-ee summer (adjective) néro; nérom summer; in summer aimepr elevator HOKATHCH CHAT (1 OKICH cuaTh, Thi JOKMULCA CHaTh) to go to bed (I go to bed, you go to bed) aysane peeré best of all moGiimetit, -ax, -0e favorite MOOHTE (51 OOO, THI KOGHME) to love, to like (I love, you love) avon (pl.) people maraaiin shop mait May MésienpKuit, -a8, -oe small Maso a little MApKa (postage) stamp apt March Macao butter Marpéuka ‘matryoshka’ doll mars/mama mother Maniina car Menuinckas cecrpa / Mencectpa nurse mésienno slowly mento menu Meniir to change méero place Merp6 subway meurérs to dream MuuyTa/MHA§TOUKA minute (time) Muéro. much, many Morita. grave Méaker Ont pethaps MOxHO_ itis possible Moi, Mos, moé_ my Momox6 milk Mop6akenoe ive cream Mockpit4 (m.), MockBiaKa (f.) Muscovite Moun (a Mor, Tht MONI, OH MOryr) to be able (I am able, you are able, they are able) ya husband yaéi_-museum Mbt we Mico. meat Ha al, on; to najéaTbca (i ManéOCk, TH waséemsea) to hope (I hope, you hope) no it is necessary waza back; ago nanévo to the left namibrox a drink nampano to the right vanpumép for example HANpOKAT; BITS HAMpOKAT rent; torent néemopK head cold naxommirbes to be located naumndrs(c#) to begin vam, Hama, Kame our He not nenaex6 not far nenéaa week nemH6ro a little émep number, room Hoops (m.) November ny well HYAKeH, HYAKHG, HHO necessary Mpapurees to please —noupanurnes (perfective) 0 (06) (+ prepositional) about 0661, lunch, middle meal of day o66narb to have lunch = noobéaare (perfective) oOmensirs to change O6paTHo; Ty4 M O6parHo back; there and back onendraea to get dressed, to dress ona, ond; Ha onHoré ‘one; for one (person) ognox6mHaTH roomed oKrsGps (m.) October ondgmbipats to be (running) late Gnepa opera omstrs again cents (f.); 6cems10 autumn; in autumn ocranéuKa_ stop -0e one- VOCABULARY 217or (+ genitive) from oraéa section oTnoxngts (perfective) to have a rest OTABIXATH to rest, to take one's vacation orén father OTKpsinarK(cs) to open = orKpbiTs(ca) (perfective) orkpérrka postcard Grmyex leave, vacation 6uen» very Guenb mpusirHo pleased (to meet you) 6uepeas (f.) line AMSTHMK monument MAMaTHbtit, -ax, -oe memorable napk park népsniit, -as, -oe first nepex6u passageway, crossing, underpass nmedre (a nM, THI MMMIEM) to write (write, you write) nucbm6 (pl. mitebma) letter nxawars to swim naan plan naarérs to pay maarox (pl. naTKit) scarf naarep6pma_ platform murérse (pl. madres) dress m16xo badly nar6mags (f.) square no (+ dative) around no-auraaitekn in English noG6neme a little more, bigger nonropitrs (perfective) to repeat noréaa_ weather noryasrs (perfective) to take a stroll noxemésxe a little cheaper noap§ra (female) friend née3_ train noéxars (5 Noéay, THI HOgeTE) (perfective) to go (by vehicle) (will go, you will go) noxauyit perhaps, probably noxauyficra please no3éerpaxare (perfective) to have breakfast noitrh (a noiktg, 61 nomen) (perfective) to go (on foot) (I will g0, you will go) néanHo late noampanasrs to congratulate néaxe later 218 VOCABULARY HoK4asinaTe to show —noKkasairs (perfective); mokaxére show (me) nloxpynuée a little bigger (about fruit etc.) noxynare to buy noniruKa politics nonosfina half nonyuitrs (perfective) to receive nonyamrecs (perfective) to tum ‘out nomésbue a little smaller (about fruit etc.) noménsine a little less, smaller nomM16p tomato nOMHHTE to remember nonesét6uuk Monday no-neménkn in German nooGénars (perfective) to have Junch nonp6Gonars (x nonpéoyto, Tht monp66yems) (perfective) to try (will try, you will try) MopeKomeHAOBAT» (5 Hopekomensty10, Tt nopexomenayeuts) (perfective) to recommend (I will recommend, you will recommend) no-pfcekw in Russian nociénnmit, -a, -ee last mocnesaprpa_ the day after tomorrow nocmorpérs (a nocmorpro, Tht nocmOrpuiny) (perfective) to take a look (I will take a look, you will take a look) noctynars to enter school, university — noToMg "To... because... j noyakHnaTe (perfective) to have dinner no-cppanuysckn_ in French niowém? (colloquial) how much? moemy? why? néura_ post office mpaxtaa practice npenorxitrs (perfective) to offer, to suggest nparxamérs to invite upuéxars (1 upuény, Tot upnégem) (perfective) to arrive by vehicle (I will arrive, you will arrive) npmuecrh (8 mpauecy, Tht mpunecéum) (perfective) to bring (I will bring, you will bring)(imperative) to take; take mpuo6pecri (perfective) to obtain, to purchase UpHxonitrs (8 MpHXOKY, Tht UpHx6smut) to arrive on foot (arrive, you arrive) Mpuarnsi, -aa, -oe pleasant mpoOxéma_ problem Mpowonitrs (a mpOBOAKS, THI ‘mpon6smute) to spend (I spend, you spend) mpoéxars (perfective); kak Mpoéxat...? to get to by vehicle; how do I get to...? mpoirrs (perfective); KaK mpoitrh...? to get to on foot; how do I get t mpocrirre excuse me mp6cro simply mpémutbi, -aa,-oe past mpfmo_ straight nytemécrnonats (9 nyTemécraywo, nyremécrayeuts) to travel (I travel, you travel) uatudars fifteen uicrunua; 6 nitrunuy Friday; on Friday nicref, -ast,-oe fifth ust five natbaectt fifty nsrnc6t five hundred paGéra; na paG6re work; at work paGérars to work past (m.), pasa (f.) pleased, happy pasrosapusart to chat paamép; KaKéro pasmépa? size; which size? paspemiitre (npoitri) allow me (to pass) pain district pao early peite flight pexd river pemitrs, (5 peuy, Tht peu) (perfective) to decide (I will decide, you will decide) pecropam restaurant poutrrenu (pl.) parents poutirncs (on ponies, ond Ponnuidcs) (perfective) to be born (he was born, she was born) p6soBbiit, -as, -oe pink oman novel Poceésa Russia pyGauixa shirt pyGnp (m.) (apa py6a4, nar py6uéih) ruble (two rubles, five rubles) p¥ccknil, -ax, -oe Russian (adjective) p¥eckmit, pyeekas a Russian man, a Russian woman pxtGa fish pui6ésnKa fishing pii0m_ next door, next to edxap sugar cnéxKuil, -as, -ee fresh epnnmia pork cH066ano freely, fluently Bolt, cBOa, eBOe one's Own endua change cnéaars (perfective) to make cénep north ceréans (sivédnya] today ceabMoit, ~fs, -6e seventh cemudamarh seventeen cemb seven cémbnecaT seventy cembai, KTH B.CéMBAX family; to live with a family cenraGps (m.) September ceerpa sister chumit, -a8, -ee dark blue cxasare (perfective); exaactiTen. (imperative) to say; tell (me)... ¢k6u6KO how many caéayrouumil, as, -ee following, next caymats (+ accusative) to listen to cMOTPETE (51 CMOTIO, THI cmérpuutn) to look (I look, you look) —noemorpérs (perfective) to take a look cner snow cHumire (Keapripy) to rent (an apartment) coupé to collect co6uparecs to plan to cOGcTReHHBIM, -ax,-oe own conér advice OK juice cOpox forty cuanpna bedroom enaca6o thank you cua (a CUO, TbI crm) to sleep (I sleep, you sleep) VOCABULARY 219cntennéssuoers (f.) profession, job enopt sports epenti; epény Wednesday; on Wednesday epéanmit, -25, -ee medium pox term, period canna (merp6) (subway) station erépptit, -as, -oe old crate (3 cramy, Tht cranents) (perfective) to become (I will become, you will become) cro ahundred CTOHTH to cost erémx table (in restaurant) erpana country erpax6exa_ insurance caacratino! all the best! cy006ra; 8 cyOOéry Saturday; on Saturday cym soup e¥rKu (pl.)_ twenty four hours cuér bill epi son mip cheese corr (m.) cbrré (f.) full, replete cron (to) here ‘raGn6 board (showing arrivals/ departures) Taken taxi ram there redirp theatre ‘Tesresita0p television Texerpad) telegraph office ‘resecpou telephone ‘Ténume tennis ‘renn6 heat, warmth; (itis) warm ‘Tenibti, -ast,-oe warm ‘roraa then ‘Toxe also ‘Tomo only ‘rouno exactly ‘Tpampain tram ‘Tpérnit, -bs, -be third ‘TPEXKOMHATHBI, -as, -0€ three ‘pH three aphanars thirty ‘TpHndmare thirteen ‘pera three hundred ‘Tpée; Ha Tpoftx three; for three (people) ‘rponaéiGye trolleybus rp§nuo (it is) difficult rp§aneiit, -ax, -0e difficult ‘rym (to) there 220 VOCABULARY ‘Typ6a9a tourist center rwKend difficult, tough y166H0 comfortable YAOBG.ILCTBHE; ¢ YHOBOIBCTBMEM pleasure; with pleasure yxé already rxwn dinner, evening meal Yxunars to have dinner — noykunare (perfective) yxpasinen a Ukrainian (man) Yamuna street ymérs (a yméio, Tht yméeuss) to be able to, to know how to (I am able to, you are able to) yuupepmér department store yaunepeutér university yerandrs (a yerato, Thi yeraéus) to get tired (I get tired, you get tired) YTpo; fTpom morning; in the morning yuttrenh (m.) / yuitrenbamua (f.) teacher yaiers (a yay, Tb funn) to learn; to teach (I learn/teach, you learn/teach) yuterses (a yayen, Tht fuMmncs) to study (study, you study) cpamsiuins. last name cpespaam (m.) February cbu6a0r linguist xue6 bread XOMMTE (8 XOAKY, Th XORMUED, OFF x6as7) to go on foot (more than one direction) (I go, you go, they g0) X6.1010H0; MHe x6s10;1H0 (it is) cold; I feel cold XoadnMbIii, -ast, oe cold xopoumnit, -a, -ee good xopous well, good XOTETS (51 XOMY, THI XOUEITD, OH xorsr) to want (I want, you want, they want) xpaxe_ worse mpeT; Kak6ro unéta? color; what color? uersi (pl.) flowers nneronéacteo flower-growing meHTP center, downtownait tea ac (ana acd, WaT 4acéa) hour; ‘one o'clock (two o'clock, five o'clock) aacro often udumka/aémieuxa cup eonék (pl. som) person uépes (+ accusative); 4épes nesémt0, 4épe3 NOp6ry across, through; in a week, across the street ‘uépuntit, -aa,-oe black uernépr Thursday uérnepo; wa werBeprix four; for four people uernéprnni, uersipe four uersipecta four hundred uereipaaauars fourteen uurarb to read urénue reading ro. what ur6-nn6ys» something, anything i, -oe fourth mecrudanars sixteen mecTOi, -Aa,-6e sixth mecTs six mecriaecit sixty uik61a_ school akekfpenst excursion onexTpauka suburban train atéK floor Sto this is Sror, Sra, 3r0. this YoOxa__ skirt yor south al a3KIK; Ha p¥ccKoM H3bIKE language; in Russian supp (m.) January VOCABULARY 221Index addresses 26 adjectives 17, 81,212 age 164 alcohol 126, 133 alphabet 5-6, 15-16, 29-30, 43, 56, 68-69 Armenia 33 Azerbaijan 33 bill 128-9 booking hotels. Unit 3 breakfast 48, 58 Belarus 33 capital city 161 car rental 116 cases 211 nominative 17,211 genitive 93, 105, 112, 116, 124, 148, 164, 202, 211 dative 131, 150, 159, 198, 211 accusative 44, 196, 211 instrumental 57, 164, 184, 211 prepositional 31, 198, 211 churches 95, 110, 140, 145 clothes 74 colors 74 comparative forms 65, 74, 136 courtesies 8, 18, 98 Cyrillic 5-6, 15, 175 daily routine 90, 168 day (imreg. noun) 38 days of the week 90, 92 directions Units 8 & 9 dislikes Unit 11 drinks 48, 78, 126, 133, 138 Estonia 33 family Unit 2, 168 flowers 76 food Units 4 & 10 foreign currency 40,71 future tense 189-90, 213 gender 17,211 Georgia 33 to go 90, Unit 8, 168, 180, Unit 15, 213 goodbye 12 greetings 8 222 INDEX handwritten s¢ 175-6, 191-2, 207-8 tohave 22, 148 health 78 historical changes 161, 177, 198-9, 209 hotels Unit 3 housing 170, 182, 193 imperfective 189-90, 213 impersonal sentences 152, 159 intentions Unit 14 introductions Unit 1 invitations 150, 186 Kazakhstan 33 Kirgistan 33 languages 27, 62, 136, 202 Latvia 33 leisure activities 90, 95, 136, 138, 148, 156, 164-5, 180, 200 likes Unit 11, 148, 164-5, 184, 196 lines 58, 71, 76, 77 Lithuania 33 to live (xwre) 26, 170 marital status 22 markets 65, 83, 200 meals Units 4 & 10 medicine 78 Moldova 33 money 71,78 changing 40-1 months 90, 92 name Unit 1,22 name changes 161, 177, 196 nationalities 12, 33 negative 12, 86-7, 98 followed by genitive 78 newspapers 62, 198-9 nouns 17,211 numbers 26, 40, 64 ordinal (Ist...) 36, 93, 100 followed by genitive 93 object 44 opening hours 88 ordering drinks Units 4 & 10 ‘and snackspassive 198-9 past 143, Unit 15, 212-3 patronymic 18 perfective 139, 181, 189-90, 196, 213 pharmacy 78 phone numbers 26 plans Unit 14 plural 70 post office 60 Prepositions 212 + genitive case 105, 112, 116, 148, 202 +dative 148, 198 + accusative case (to, into) 60, 105, 212; (for) 116-7, 126 + instrumental ease (with) Unit 4 + prepositional case (in, at, on) 31, 212; (about) 198 professions 13,24, 184-5 Pronouns 131 pronunciation 5-6 public transport Unit 8, 112 questions 17 reflexive verbs 173 restaurants Unit 10 rooms (hotel) Unit 3 Russia/Russian Federation 33, 161, 177, 209 seasons 90, 138, 152-3 shopping Units 5 & 6 food 64,78 clothes 74 other items 60, 76, 78 sizes 75, 116 sports 164 stress 5-6, 10 studies 136, 184-5, 202 subject 211 subway map 101, 106 superlative 138, 150 Tadzhikistan 33 thank you 36, 124 theater 62, 186 tickets public transport 107, 112 plane 114 theater 62 time Unit 7 timetable 112, 120 titles 18 towns/cities 140, 145, 148, 150, 161,177 transliteration guide 5 travel 45, 121, 180-1, 202 arrangements Unit 9 city 88, Unit 8, 110, 112 plane 114 Turkmenistan 33 Ukraine 33 USSR 33, 177, 209 Uzbekistan 33 vacations 90, 138, 156, 180, 200 vegetarian 128 verbs 212 conjugation 119 imperfective/perfective 139, 181, 189-90, 196, 213 of motion 90, Unit 8, 168, 180, 186, Unit 15, 213 weather 152-3 week, days of 90,92, 164 with (c + instr.) Unit 4 word order 22, 182 yourself Units 1,2. & 13 INDEX 223Just Listen ’n Learn Russian This Just Listen ‘n Learn Language Program is a complete and integrated mini-course to teach you to speak, read, and understand Russian quickly and with real confidence. OT ae eh its primary objective—expressing yourself and understanding RCO UC el meee my 60-minute recordings and this course book. BUC ae ener ME Mam CRC] through a series of real, authentic conversations, each recorded live. Accompanying the recordings is this easy-to-follow course book that reproduces the recorded dialogues, explains all BURL M Cm cheat ements Blea (t) CeCe Cn are CUE ure mC Um eT a Bee ea eC Oe een TD vocabulary index, summary and review units, as well as Cee OU RC LoL The 15 units included on the recordings and in the book are CEU RLU merle mitt cy PRU mle ese Melee Relist m luni tely ® Obtaining and Following Directions =" Making Travei ee CU RRO MP dt i urd) PMN Mie etait ol Cae Just Listen ‘n Learn Russian allows you to succeed in Russian EUR Ua CRUML ULC CL Ps TONGS Ze) aaree) <9