Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Early Life:
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
was a Persian mathematician, astronomer,
astrologer geographer and a scholar in the
House of Wisdom in Baghdad. He was
born in Persia of that time around 780. Al-
Khwarizmi was one of the learned men
who worked in the House of Wisdom. Al-
Khwarizmi flourished while working as a
membesr of the House of Wisdom in
Baghdad under the leadership of Kalif al-
Mamun, the son of the Khalif Harun al-
Rashid, who was made famous in the Arabian Nights. The House of Wisdom was a
scientific research and teaching center.
Contributions and Achievements:
Al-Khwarizmi developed the concept of the algorithm in mathematics (which is a
reason for his being called the grandfather of computer science by some people).
Al-Khwarizmi’s algebra is regarded as the foundation and cornerstone of the
sciences. To al-Khwarizmi we owe the world “algebra,” from the title of his greatest
mathematical work, Hisab al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala. The book, which was twice translated
into Latin, by both Gerard of Cremona and Robert of Chester in the 12th century, works
out several hundred simple quadratic equations by analysis as well as by geometrical
example. It also has substantial sections on methods of dividing up inheritances and
surveying plots of land. It is largely concerned with methods for solving practical
computational problems rather than algebra as the term is now understood.
Al-Khwarizmi confined his discussion to equations of the first and second degrees.
He also wrote an important work on astronomy, covering calendars, calculating true
positions of the sun, moon and planets, tables of sines and tangents, spherical astronomy,
astrological tables, parallax and eclipse calculations, and visibility of the moon. His
astronomical work, Zij al-sindhind, is also based on the work of other scientists. As with
the Algebra, its chief interest is as the earliest Arab work still in existence in Arabic.
His most recognized work as mentioned above and one that is so named after him
is the mathematical concept Algorithm. The modern meaning of the word relates to a
specific practice for solving a particular problem. Today, people use algorithms to do
addition and long division, principles that are found in Al-Khwarizmi’s text written about
1200 years ago. Al-Khwarizmi was also responsible for introducing the Arabic numbers
to the West, setting in motion a process that led to the use of the nine Arabic numerals,
together with the zero sign.
Of great importance also was al-Khwarizmi’s contribution to medieval geography.
He systematized and corrected Ptolemy’s research in geography, using his own original
findings that are entitled as Surat al-Ard (The Shape of the Earth). The text exists in a
manuscript; the maps have unfortunately not been preserved, although modern scholars
have been able to reconstruct them from al-Khwarizmi’s descriptions. He supervised the
work of 70 geographers to create a map of the then “known world”. When his work
became known in Europe through Latin translations, his influence made a permanent
mark on the development of science in the West.
Al-Khwarizmi made several important improvements to the theory and
construction of sundials, which he inherited from his Indian and Hellenistic predecessors.
He made tables for these instruments which considerably shortened the time needed to
make specific calculations. His sundial was universal and could be observed from
anywhere on the Earth. From then on, sundials were frequently placed on mosques to
determine the time of prayer. The shadow square, an instrument used to determine the
linear height of an object, in conjunction with the alidade for angular observations, was
also invented by al-Khwarizmi in ninth-century Baghdad.
While his major contributions were the result of original research, he also did
much to synthesize the existing knowledge in these fields from Greek, Indian, and other
sources. A number of minor works were written by al-Khwarizmi on topics such as the
astrolabe, on which he wrote on the Jewish calendar. He also wrote a political history
containing horoscopes of prominent persons.
Death:
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi died in c. 850 being remembered as one of
the most seminal scientific minds of early Islamic culture

Ustadz Tengku Hanan Atttaki Lc.

 Ustadz Hanan Attaki, Lc. is a preacher from Aceh who now lives and preaches in
Bandung. He often gave
studies at the Trans Studio
Mosque in Bandung. Studies
conducted every Wednesday
are always full of worshipers
whose contents are teenagers
dominated by brothers (men).

The style of lecture by

Ustadz Hanan was light and
easy to accept for teenagers.
He always gives support to each study for singles to immediately complete the half of the
dien. The term singles is indeed because they want to protect themselves from adultery,
and continue to seek knowledge to immediately perfect religion. Singles fii sabilillah.

Hanan Attaki was born in Aceh on December 31, 1981 with the name Tengku
Hanan Attaki. He is the 5th child of 7 siblings.

His experience of getting to know the Qur'an more closely begins in childhood.
Since elementary school ustadz Hanan has received a scholarship. Several times won the
Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran from being able to use bicycles to school, and had also
received television.

Finally, he succeeded in becoming the best qori version of Fajar TV, Cairo 2005,
and filled out the recitation of the Qur'an "Min Ajmalis Soth" on two Channels (Fajar Tv
& Iqro ’Tv).

While studying, he got a scholarship. In his family, he was the first person to study
and study abroad. A trip to Egypt, he was starting abroad with a Tourist Visa.
Furthermore, after being asked when testing whether he could read the Qur'an, and
answered it could, Ustadz Hanan Attaki could go straight to Al Azhar with the priority of
getting a scholarship.
 While studying at al-Azhar-Egypt University he pursued the Ushuluddin Faculty,
the Qur'anic Interpretation Department until he obtained his license (Lc) in 2004. While
in Cairo, he had also been active as editor of the "Salsabila" bulletin published by the
Koran study group and science.

While in Cairo, he had also been active as editor-in-chief of the "Salsabila"

bulletin published by the Koran study group and scientists. this group was guided directly
by several Muslim Brotherhood figures.

In Egypt, he had been in business, from selling meatballs, catering, to being able
to become a hajar aswad (during the Hajj season), all with determination, and confidence
in Allah SWT. Ustadz Hanan Attaki also made a book, entitled Tadabbur Quran.

Since returning from the land of "a thousand towers", Hanan Attaki and his first
wife and daughter (Aisha) lived in Bandung. In this city he began to go directly into the
world of da'wah; as director of the Salman-ITB Qur'an House, lecturer at Jendela Hati
(JH) and STQ Habiburrahman.

In Bandung, Ustadz Hanan Attaki preached through the Youth of Hijrah. Pemuda
Hijrah was established in March 2015. The Hijrah Youth Movement which has an
Instagram account @pemudahijrah, was founded by approximately 5 people. The logo
itself is Shift, which likes to be on a laptop / PC, there is a Shift key which means moving
or changing. Pemuda Hijrah also has a Fanpage @ememijijij account and a Twitter
account at @PemudaHijrah.