MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ‘School of EE-ECE-CoE EN: te) 7-461. 9 a Se Experiment Number 2 _ ne Noise Anoglysis on Digital Communication System =e a Course/Section LCF 122) /A12 Group Number _ 2 | & Name Nebres Pauline O { oaae Date of Performance J@ Feoruary 2077 Date of Submission J February 2017 fp9r. Maric one. sejera InstructorASSIGNMENT ON WORKBOARD: BACKGROUND AnD Osjectives TO PRACTICAL NUMBER 1 Investigate the randomness of noise and display the magnitude of noise in time and frequency domain PRACTICAL NUMBER 1 Adjust the carrier level control (3) to minimum and the rest of the controls to mid-positions, Observe the source output using the oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer. QUESTIONS ON PRACTICAL NUMBER 1 1. Monitor the output of the noise source on the oscilloscope. Is the amplitude of the noise constant with respect to time? No, the amplitude of the noise is Not Constant W/L HME 2. With the oscilloscope magnified, estimate the average amplitude of the noise voltage The average amplitude of he noise voltage is 0-7 Ver-pk 3. With the spectrum analyzer, how do you describe the form of the spectrum of noise? The frequency is directly proportiona/ to gain, 4. The type of noise introduced is (white noise, impulse noise). the type Of Norse that wos introduced was a white Noise 24BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES TO PRACTICAL NUMBER 2 Determine a definite threshold to which noise, when introduced on @ channel, will produce little or no effect, but above which will result to severe distortion effect. PRACTICAL NUMBER 2 ’A triangular waveform is digitized and being transmitted along a PCM link Use the oseilloscope to monitor the signals on the link. At the start, set the Noise level control (6) to minimum, PCM bandwidth control (5) to maximunty Data 0 (8) and Bit clock (7) controls for synchronism and the rest to mid- positions. ‘The waveform shown at monitor point 21 shows the digital representation of the triangular waveform. Move the probe to monitor point 20 and monitor point 27 to view input and output signals. QUESTIONS ON PRACTICAL NUMBER 2 1. Observe the signal along the link through the oscilloscope. Ensure the poise source to be off. Data 0 (9) and Bit clock (7) controls may have to be ddjusted to view a received signal. This will be needed for receiver threshold and bit clock recovery. Ts the received (monitor point 10) and decoded waveform (monitor point 27) of the same appearance as the transmitted one? INO, they arc not ihe some. 2. Tum on the noise source. Observe monitor point 27 with the oscilloscope while slowly increasing the Noise Jevel control (6) until the waveform indicates signs of breaking up. Slightly decrease the noise level after.rae ‘ave to be adjusted to receive a waveform, Observe monitor eeeetne, ¢ oscilloscope while switching the noise source in and out. thare i ce observed at monitor point 10? a 3. moe ee ‘oni ficant change observed Qt M2 nitor point 20 with the oscilloscope. Switch the noise source in and out. The workboard can only handie finite maximum amplitude of signal plus noise, so when noise is applied, a compromise is made on the signal amplitude by lowering it. Ignoring the change in the amplitude of the signal, is there a significant change in the shape of the signal at monitor point 20? There 18 00 significant change in the shape of the signal 4. Can the wanted signal be identified at monitor point 20? Use the large oscilloscope to give a better display. the wanted signa/ cannot be iden tiflecl-____— 5. Connect the oscilloscope to monitor point 27. Increase the Noise level control (6) very slowly while observing the triangular waveform breaking, up. Is the break-up sudden or progressive? The_break-up is Progressive Account for your observation. A jhe As ihe rate signa/ reaches the moximum, I< — fransmill€d signal become s fully distorted! _ 6. With the noise switch on, can the wanted signal be identified? yes,i# can be identitled when the noise switch 1S On BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF PRACTICAL NUMBER 3 Investigate the concept of signal-to-noise ratio as applied to digital communications. PRACTICAL NUMBER 3 Consider an information source with the addition of noise. Turn the Noise level control (6) to minimum, the PCM bandwidth control (5) to maximum and the rest of the controls to mid-positions. 26QUESTIONS ON PRACTICAL NUMBER 3 1. Measure the peak-to-peak amplitude of the square wave. Make sure that the noise level control (6) is at its minimum. 2. Adjust the Noise level control to one-third of full scale. View the noise on the signal. Estimate the average peak-to-peak amplitude of the noise component. (Difficulty may arise while doing this.) 3, Approximate the signal-to-noise ratio in decibels with the values obtained in items 1 and 2. Use the formula: S/N (dB) ~ 20 log (Vs/ Vs) Signal Amplitude (V) 0.55V Estimated Noise Amplitude (V) o7v Signal-to-Noise Ratio 0.7857 S/N in dB 2.0941 d& BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF PRACTICAL NUMBER 4 Investigate the effects of noise on a link as a function of formatting the information. PRACTICAL NUMBER 4 ‘The data source is a triangular waveform digitized and can be formatted by clicking the Change Button. Adjust PCM bandwidth control (5) to maximum, Noise level contro! (6) to minimum and the rest to mid-position. 7Monitor point 21 shows the digital representation of the triangular WaVe- You may opt to use the la we large oscilloscope and adjust time base to see the effects of the transmitted signal on point 27, Pn “as 8 QUESTIONS ON PRACTICAL NUMBER 4 1. Ensure that the noise source is off. On monitor point 27, adjust Data 0 Control (9) and Bit clock control (7) to obtain a triangular waveform, Switch among the three formats and observe the received waveform. Is the triangular waveform received for all the three formats, without noise source into account? yes ihe trangular waveform is received. 2. Trace the signal at every monitor point for the three formats described. Describe the voltage level representation for the three formats, there (5 9 change in Vex-ex in oli three formats 3. With the Noise Jevel control (6) to minimum, add noise source to the link and use the RZ format. Slowly move the knob of the noise level control until the received waveform at point 27 starts to break up. Note the position of the control. Repeat the same for the Split phase format. Which between the two formats is less affected by noise, Split phase or RZ? Ibe split PhOse is less Affected OY he noise. 4, Repeat procedure 3, but this time, uses the bipolar RZ format. You may sort to readjust controls 8 and 9 for synchronism. With relatively the same amplitude for the two formats, is there any difference on the noise effect between unipolar RZ and bipolar RZ? Compared to the Unipolar R2, the Bipolgor Rz is less SUCeAH BE fo noise.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF PRACTICAL NUMBER 5 Investigate the effects of noise on a link as a function of keying, PRACTICAL NUMBER 5. Digitized waveform uses a Split phase format. Keying method is selected by clicking the Change box. Adjust PCM bandwidth control (5) to maximum, Noise level control (6) to minimum and the rest to mid-position. Monitor point 19 shows the digital representation of the triangular waveform. You may opt to use the large oscilloscope and adjust time base to see the effects of the transmitted signal on point 27. QUESTIONS ON PRACTICAL NUMBER 5 Ensure that the noise source is off. On monitor point 27, adjust Data 1 Control (8), Data 0 Control (9) and Bit clock control (7) to obtain a triangular waveform. Switch among the three formats and observe the received waveform. Is the triangular waveform received for all the three formats, without noise source into account? Yes, the thangular wai as received for all formas 2. Setting Noise level control (6) to minimum, choose ASK and add noise to the link. Slowly increase switch (6) until the waveform starts to break up. Note the position of the control, Repeat the same for FSK. Which is less affected by noise, ASK or FSK? The _FSK is less Susceptible to noise Compare d_fo the ASK. 3. Repeat procedure 2, this time comparing ASK with PSK, Which form of keying is more affected by noise, ASK or PSK? 7he_ASK is less susceptible to Noise Compared to the FSKa : ASK, FSK or 4. Which keying t j Pony AINE fechnique is most susceptible to noise effec ASK 19 the ASK 1s the mos. ORSAS IE Mos! susceatible to noise effects BACKGROUND an’ D AND OBJECTIVES OF PRACTICAL NUMBER 6 Describe the effects of noise on of . ts i i ee f noise on a channel carrying data in the form of PRACTICAL NUMBER 6 Adj (7) for be es tie? 0 Control (9) to obtain a received picture and Bit clock control © for best resolution. After receiving a clear picture, switch the noe source op owly adjust Noise level control (6) slow’ 5 noise onto the link (6 slowly while observing the effects of QUESTIONS ON PRACTICAL NUMBER 6 1. While gradually adding noise, what immediate effect is noticeable? the image becomes di storted._ 2. Explain the noise contribution that accounts to this effect when the noise was intreduced_z pixclized form of the image was shown causing distor Hen.— what is observed? 3. Asyou further increase noise, The image Secor: es more Cistorted And More difficult fo see. ______ sue chronization with the increase of noise 4, What happens to the bit syn magnitude on the link? with the Increase of noise magnitude on the link, the bit synchronization hod fess data causing the imoge 10 be coruRnrd 30Nebres, Pawine © expt 2 Interprefahon of Results Experiment two is al/about Nosse Analysis on Digital Communication system. Jhis experiment fs consist Of six parts For the first part, it deals with the jnvestigQVen Of the randomness of noise and clisRloy (PE MOO tude of noise in time and freguency Gomain The second fart serves fodefermine OF Aefinite threshold fo which noise, when intreduce on a cha~ nel will produce Jittle or po cffect, OU QLove which will result tO severe clistortion effect. Moreover, part 2 deals wilh the inveshgatien of the concent of signal: to neise rahe as oeplieo 10 aig/ta/ electronics Furthermore, for part four, if discusses /he effect ofa nvise on a link as a function of formatting the informoton. On the o/Mer hand, part five tackles about the c/fects Of noise on a JINK AS Qa funchon of keying. JPree aliffereni methods lastly, part six Clescribes the effects of Nvise ona channel carrying clata in the form of a digitized picture. As noise is being addled gradually, the informaton conveyed as a pixel on the picture is being Aistoried . (ousSonclusion Upon performing the experiment, the following Conclusions are drown ‘Any unwanted signals that combine with and Conseguently distort the signal intended for Transmission and recerron is Called! noise “White noise is randem signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, Giv/Ng /7 a Constant power spectra/ density ‘A noise signal/s rot perodic waveform ,thus, it is indepen cent on time “Split phase is less affected by noise Composed! 10 R2 formats “The three tyoes Of ata formats are the unpolor RZ, split Bhase (Manchester), and &i Roar R2 ‘A diQgitA! Communicahon Method GANRpP/ied oa carner and comes in three forms is called keying * Out of the fhree forms of Keying.» ASk is most suscephible to Noise ‘Signal to -noise rahe is a measure of level of desired Signal fo the /eve/ of the unwanted signal