1.53 Too! monitoring systems 1.54 Thermostatically Control 1.5.5 Mechatronic Washing Machines Definition & Classification of sensors Difference between Transducers and Sensors 22 Microprocessor systems i 32 2.2.1 Advantages of a Microprocessor 4 23 ents of control systems M 2.17 Timing and Machine Cycles of 8085, ” 2.17.1 Fetch Cycle: 9 2.17.2 Exeeute Gyole: 30 2.20. Intel's 8085A Microprocessor sa Review Questions 36 33. 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According to the Mech: imegration of mechanical engineering with the design and manufacture of productsrouodwoo pose (Ya) Souanbay, aBe3j04 queysuon oy uo paseg “open ps i pooweape ue uquS|sep uj ‘uapias st ajdwrexa ue “Gyanonposd” jo yx9}U00 : ateag ofr} 2) STA 29 Jon Srarsor‘Sodojanp ‘nouSeo of ng sismaenum Ao yo Seene 99 fans Aris a ne) Uy Des MAL taco) uo epuo ut MoU 5 andes soupdhosyp oopuyzay 2p Jo opmnzas ma8ioaneg 2°7 ne $0 re ue Ka payesedas ate yoiy sinus ueo aug 7 81 ut ua “aumonus pred a$i0na1 ©1294 5 ipapmouy Jo yoe] axp oF emp 20.0 Suusmoeynueyy apy pu “HOAWAN [emmaN [e9gIHY) spon Hunn Suoneypey Sroauag pu SIBSRHSUE VOHARHOATParamount imp since they und the world are ‘© Motion Contro! + Robotics * Actuators and Sensors Modelling and 5 * System Integration * Manufacturing & Micro Devices and Optical electronics * Vibrations and Noise Control ‘ 981-90 2000 1996 ion in aerospace, defense engineering, Bio-Nh lectronies, Banking (ATM) etc., vsttcers : ner expen aysems and also in t ing, now ering with eleetronies ‘and manufacture of products process.” the syllabus for2 52g, 9 woe i aso deonog sant 19144 3104M papunog (Brom 99 tes ‘21 a0 papney 30304 80 Ne as ona 20149 Buypuodeg “sporpows ui WALSAS SOINOULVHOAW 40 NDIS3G FT Be ets pa am esa nd finsaBu Anusooranecneee eainbo pase sossaooudoson Jo EU2qo5 10 pouunaieioud ssossanosdosoiws ot, 9 2 pandas opIo9p ou) wHoy20d 0} popacu 5 ULL MET SAOOH 0 2 dd ‘ein sau uos sip uy pod uoysid Jo wo}suerxe 20} 2a,aap. ‘iy ayenyoe 0} past 9q ja Yotys (Oe[OA 30 Tuassto) PUY 2|qENNS pur [>Adt 2 jo sjou8ts ony sysiouad pur wrsks sosuos ay) Woy pasaywe uoneuuoyUy ayy S824 20 ossooaud tossaaudoso1,sosseo0xdosa} @jua12|9 Sujonuo 21889 ayy aA] 0} POOL aN ‘Sone preg esnpou pets be ie uo feunso 830 SEU = eats ys arog any ur uno se wap seid =u J ojduexs a S80 prccouua amaijos pue swatsis sossocordoi‘susishs uoHen}e‘Soaup ‘sumshs * juowemsnout‘ssostis Surayonu! safZojouyoarsnousea sayesTayu waysAs SONY V womeyDayy auf Bore 49 wopeo Saren SSoaron, uss ds a {Finoup pana s SisiNo s89904d won sigan pu STaaRHSUEH VOTHPON Rime : WRMechatronics Digital Converter (ADC), Di ), Op-amps, Modulators, Lineatizati logue signals opera control valves to achieve the desired displacemient ofthe pst 1.8 Objectives, Advantages and disadvantages Mechatron yy field i is an interdiseip together: electronic systents, inform: ons (avtomat ‘tomatic and driver-less Vehicles), in production industry {ind lines), in aerospace (mobile robotics, robotic arms, actuafed wings systems (atomic force microscapes, hard disk driver, elect ‘mierorobotics), in petroleum engineering (extraction mact pipelines) The objectives of inechatronies are thé flowing. 8, actuated works of | 1. Toimprove produets and processes 2. To develop novel fnechanisms I +3. To design new products 4, To create new technology using novel concepts Enxlier the domestic washing mecti the washing eyele, Such mechanical switches have now been replaced by microprocessors A misroprocessor is @ collection of logic gates and memory"elements wiose logical functions are implemented.by mgans of softwsce. The application of mechate helped to improve many mass-produced products such asthe domestic washing ma distwasher, microwave oven, cameras, watches, and soon. Mechatronic systems ae alse used in cars for active suspension, antiskid brakes, engine cost scale improvements have been made using mechatronic system engineering systems (FMS) involving computer controlled machines, robots, ‘material conveying and, overall supervisory conto, ronie systems. Mi ‘There are many ad it very easy to design processes and prod Mb fies. Mechatronic systems juction. Transducers and Sensors cost effective operation of manufscturing fac izing performance and ose we systems are not wi juironies requires « knowledge of differ si cor din mee be finalized and safety issues a require more pucts than others, and involve a greater risk of cor ad Tnecease in component failures ‘© More complex safety issues Mlustrative Exe Example 1.5.4 The automatic camera aooy 5S (ne) Shier ban ie) ltetace Range sonsee eu Mcropecese ceatlunt 2 TO ipa af ain viewer oar give lens peaton L of miccoprocessor bused automatic camera Fig 1.5 Basie elem‘yen won So0udo.0IlN ay) pu ‘swlowasnseate s91p0 uw ‘moy ue Jo oye ssew axa so ‘ru patoefur 2q 01 jay Jo Sao tng Ao © Buysoyu9 ounper Aauy 08 somnquastp oy sosssooxdora.us a, aye ap 9 axe outSua aun Jo paads pure somod ay jonpou au Sua posug sossavoudossju fo pp 980g 97 Big sosp2ooidoson OG oy #8 seep vogsod : a won, eumesaduey out 2oegps9} Bunun weds voted ve wpwiedo Suen ne m Jo 2aoo oy Bump fydus bul te pono aug "wants oyun oon ato sn to pony sues tise 0 Spal apa oo jo avy v smo ai a om Kip ajay Joa 0m o do Assis spiel oan, ‘wounasu auemnseaw pur Busia se joUDy SiRuSInaISU WoS puw BOF Fa] uRURE RHO, oe oa pe VOTENATA | RON HOUTEN |” ined ae aemod pu anbuoy, ‘song sossanoud ‘spouse ya.ypuy ‘spoysaur 199a1q AyD Aya JO} OWN sino. om ul paytssea aq ue asmuy “Shem Jo A 29 wo som joo, ‘abaidiom pur Joo) ouyseas a4) 01 aBeump Aue uusisKs au) 01 swuieye aa pue sear Joo} oip yoxpasd su pure suwoos joo) payeuorne Jo wed yesRaqun ue st waisks ‘Bum pasug so 5 uonpiado Buquyoeus Jo ass }womsod susj'aug Sursno0y 9, 1 spuos pue sosuos ater oy { oolgo amp we panuod wx amp wey ‘aunsodo pur adse oyseq ayn ‘iayshs Gupoyuou joo. 4 TERETE | TaOTesaR_Mechatronios 4 |niraduction Transducers and Sensors Ma reessor(s) for ducers and processing devices, Sensor is defined as an element which produces signal relating to the q ty of America, sensor can be dk response to a specified ty being measured, device we tun on the switch. When the sw forms an input of ero and energy flow takes place, W! flows, Transducer 1.8.4 thermostatically Controlled Heater is fined us an element when subjected to some physical experiences & «elated change or an element wl using a teansdueti that sensors are transducers ‘The term tcensducer and sensor have been used synonymously although the concepts are diferent. Transducers are the physical element, which is a part of « sensor. In fac, sducer isan essential element ofa sensor. A sensor is merely a sense that it contains some signal con: circuits capable of amy i the weak and raw signal tha i of the commonly used signal conditioning Cire Converter (ADC), ec. Fig. 1.8 gives is referred to as measur [sian = artis oat wich io th ses of tba. The uly of heat i fee colors’, When the bread is toasted, te i red color, andthe switch automatically opens and a mecha Per up Meshal, eleccal and information psc bread toaster Sener Fig L8. 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For example: A THER fallin this category. The THERMISTOR senses 1 SECONDARY TRANDUCERS : When te input sign ‘or sensor and then. i other form er for conversion into electrical froin, then suc dary transducers. For example, in ease of pressure which converts pressure first 3) TRANSDUCERS AND INVERSE TRANSDUCERS TRANSDUCERS: Iisa device tat convert 2 tansducer und asia For example a thermocoun Pasivevansdicee a J | | Hatter ype quar i ical input and a low power aot 7” cca na I To ive Transducers ive Transducers, age and current Genratng Tasers 5) ACTIVE TRANSDUCERS AND PASSIVE TRANSDUCERS Transducers on the bats of methods of enemy conve sete and passive tensdoce | oar: ; TR RANSDUCERS:TheseareSeifenecting ype tansducrsicticansdaces’ | “LE Defintion & Classtiation of sensors: teh delo te cup inte om of dep voluge acu sahara soure, Normally such wansdiers give vey onal sae becomes eset. For example TACHO eventos cate les used for measurement of temper for measurement of force! Fig 1.13 Classification of Passive Transducers espect 10 a specific at ede ut 19 a main control sys of a bigger system which provides Microcontroller. 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'* Sort ferrous & non ferrous can tops «Detecting incorrect shape of target + Part counter 2. Capacitive Proximity 5 switch, capacitance between two plates of capac at sensing face ofthe switch and another by al surrounding aa 10 the earth) changes. As soon as capacitance value crosses pr This change is detected and resulted in a output signal Mechatronics Tags Abse roduction. Transducers and Sev'sors pefntrodecs '» Detecting flow of mat breakage detection4 dosias aquosoayg 22°F 8 aydyoupad Bupysogs €0°7 Bt ‘i reg guosoaniy 2e't ey Aiding 90 Set ous” soyanpuoattas “quis soyonpuoarusas axp Jo apts J0u2 6 S9}oy pue suOHDdq9 “Siaune> oBLEY> 3 cy sgaueu at auBipq jo! Buyooiog g Ayuxoag aUH99Re0)0y. Jo oHEDHddy uysnop,Mechatronics rds a potential dfferenee is produced bet up of these charge caviers, ‘of an extemal magnet rectangular shaped materia the basie physical effet being Lorentz force. To generate a potential difference across the device the magnetic flux lines must be perpendicular, (0°) to th le and be ofthe correct pal . ‘The Hall effect provides information cegarding the type: ‘ofthe magnetic field. For example, a south pole would cause t voltage output while north pole nd switches are designed to be in the dovige to produce, ii en for linear (analogue) sensors is taken dit ‘with the output voltage being directly p 1e Hall sensor. ly from the output ofthe opera tional to the magn voltage is given as vy=R,(! 8) ea Ruly Where: YV;, is the Hall Voltage in volts RIis the Hall Effect co-efficient is the current flow through the sensor in amps is the thickness ofthe sensor in mm ‘Bis the Magnetic Flux density in Tests Hall Effect Applications Hall effet sensors are activated by a magnetic field and in many applicat ‘can be operated by a single permanent magnet attached to a moving sl are’ many different types'of magnet movemeats, such as “Head-on”, © the device ‘maximum sensitivity the magnet sensing area of the device and must be ‘There are many different ap sensors. They can be used instead of optical and light sensors wer conditions consist of water, vibration, dir il such as in automotive ap effect devices can also be used for current sensing. ie pole and magnitude | nsducers in practical Measured, Level & Lamps LED's & sature FarcelPressure| ¢ Gauge Pressure Swi Posi niometer Encoders Spedd Soundsayndiweg fo wostonp yooja 12 Hy Teh peoydde yeonooxd eonpsuen pe s0suas Jo sajdusexo UOWWoD ayp IST “LZ or wang jerosuos Aywrvoud ujo SuZom “pz . ‘Sloonpsuen pu ssosuas uaamyag a0uRI9g IC “¢Z -mojaq 24 ur wmous sf sound w yo wsBep ¥0]9 aL “(d) HN Hutsaoe soquo.ne20ul Jo soBejueapesip puv sofeyuenpe sonsioefgo ayp IS! “2 yenuog pojte> jun au0 ut paulquion axe. iA jomu0D PUR [YY WaIsKs sajndi0D & ete ‘yup nding un jonuog ‘wu yo pur onoUNpLY ‘up, AowDy, “4 ‘éjoweu sainduoo [eyBip # Jo sypoqg Bupring say ave s1oyp ‘Kyeaiseg saynduIDDOIOyy a ® suse) saoinap inding. nduy pe Ai osseoaidasaya Y “ ‘Arowau s1 erent tut pauoys suonansisu 0} Burpuoo9e indus 24psossasoud y o0t0 yndino ue se insu saplAoid pur andut se ep ye8ip sasn yey o4aop 2]qauruzeoxd “asodmeinjnus ws: pue drysozo.a & tv sossoaoud syndioa ws) stnasta paysSayut »¥3j #40 unouo poresBoqur ojBuls @ Uo Nd jo stpnuny at sereiods nd wos wp i Paylsse|> 218 SOSUOS WHY] MOLL °9T « Siosu9s 3 Jo Rung gsuosues yyy amp ave yA “St 9 ojgutns yaw ured -poy)ésop'siaonpsue x8 MoH, “pr sdoooe ‘suonesado e180} pue ee wate oyseq ayy uesBeip¥0}9 ay YUM WTA “Et cose a NOILONGOULNI 2 : pest asedwo3 “OL dA & uy stuatoduoa esau 3 é sap rnp. eyo auyag) °g ay sease ay 4 1 9 s 1 ’ € z ‘suORSOnD MOIR . Subyepay WEA: Mechatra | icroprogessor & Microcontrollers (eae iations, div ofthe operations are to be performes 4 performs the most important functi flow of data from one wiv another for ‘9500000 7 ss the operat the units to 772000000, 7 he help of clock pulses. 735006000 : ta processing e the results - iput world throu te, foem the output ‘The Microprocessor memory and HO ports. bits ofthe address bus. ad from CPU and ay nt be ofthe same width asthe extemal peripherals. There i terized by the data bus by that conneets the width ofits data bus, The bus is labeled as: DO in bi Control Bus : Control bus co signals. 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Suonewen36 at Mechatronics ey in bs snnount of drag on the blades, or maybe du electronic components. So, essentially an opén loop sy coctect the error between the desired output and the actual outp 2. Speed control of an automobile: In this ope actual speed is close tothe desired speed aut e wind speed and/or Fig 2.6 Basie open loop 3s 2. Closed The closed-loop system is also calle the fbedback syst. Consi fan contra switch, Assume that you are lookfhg a the Fan Bidesto make sure is right If it in’, then you tura the knob continuously tll the desired spe “The block disgram in Figuee 2.7 is not an éxact representation ofthis, idea ins beoad sense. 5 2 op systems: Disturbance inp Referens —— Control input, [i ‘Ourput input L eS Disturbance Closed loop systems have different character 1. They are more accurate. 2, They are less sensitive to disturbances." 5. 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So the Us, Sothe most (AAG) and LSB goes through mvt exed data bu 5 that itis used to transfer dat fa within Micro it controls the intern va a eee tain program to process RAP. teerupt address is not kt by the device to Interrupt Servi ‘small program or aro source is called an ISR. a) TRAP. isan itis onabled unt dateto backup memory. b) RST7.S ve (ISR) ne that wl interrupting executes as ISR and sends location 00241. having the second highest priority among all interrupts. Wh this processor saves the content ofthe PC regis and branches to OOSCH address. )RSTOS . ind highest priority among all interrupes. When processor saves the content of the PC register into the stack dress. this skablejnterrupt. When this interrupt is executed, the processor saves the content ofthe PC register into the stack and branches to 002CH addeess @INTR eis a maskable disabled by resetting can be tereupt, having the lowest priority among ull interrupts ng events can oveur — roprocessor checks the status of INTR signal during the executi instruction.a — : r onde) . a10# 7 SANDE TT TR een om yet ops RaaspeUT ae] a ig ip eToys A, {LQV-AV Uowpn | aren 4 runo|dns ayy. Uooe #8 $2509 — on oat uo (ngo) soso Ss ou svow i pa ae ‘onday) 2a ng va 00) 2 ps 0) 083) a 1 peas » Bump 24 Agvet . 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Explain types of busses exch, tecture of INTEL 8085 for the same 1) Explain the following terminology related to microprocessor. ‘rogram counter . ii: Flag register 12) Discuss briefly with a block diagram, orgaiiza System 13) Explain fetch, exec 14) Enumerate the 15) Define the following terms with respect to microprocessor etch cycle Accumulator Interrupts iv) Stack pointer 1») Write eyele, 16) Draw the block diagram of a micro controller and block 7 7) Draw and explain the timing diagram of read operation, 18) Explain briefly different bus interrupts do conto eternal devices rare ‘Output devices of rota ae ged owt he tt Alte ae ot eign ih eee ‘ floors. These drawbacks of a gener: i bis vennen i Programmable Logic Controlles (PLC) fempersture, ‘computer have been roller is defined as a digital electronic ‘i ca aaa and processes. sea amet words to conol meshes oe siren er rene : nparison to other processers «© Programt «Resistant to im «Resistant towants electrical and «Ability to work at high temperatures and vibration mechanical noiseSu ‘peu pu Sip yo sueow Aq pouse> st Td an UN huonesiuanjsuAs poe Buyun ayp sapinoxd pur Ovid eu Jo paeds Bunzsado sa {30 Aovanbe1g “31d 248 Up Svonado ay 2 s9ssoo03d pur s]0s1U09 1 indinofmdut pur “uowaus ossacordosons woysas ax) 3 jestuao # Jo sysisv00 3] woj9g ay UUM tu san 909 uowsdeunt us yesjubsyours “womsnboe wep ‘toned SoV1d s10W9! sa4RO 01 20 WONS SLOMION inwusdo uo yep 3wSURR pu 24/3901 0} pass 298}UN SUONED|UMINLOD 9, sea jos 00 Js sro 0 948 umelodoy "s}0 sieeo-ooyd se yons sosvas 390 10 ‘sayDUINS WO} 29 sp ay, Horaop feuzoIx9 0} uoweuLoju sapeajumuYOD pue SdorADp [BUHOIK tuoy Uomo sonlood sosson0nd 3 aay are suoNReS andi pu INE AL upncino Jo dio a oj pu Buissoo01d sop nd 249 wo potrs ep pur sossoaidosot ain Ka posoiox9 24 0} suONDE yonwoo ayo) psn aq 1 step poss st wed a aay sun Aourow a4, “7d a Joon Ksowsts au 01 pouaysuen woin pu o1nap op podooxdp s| wesBard au 0sse00x4 ox jo Gowau ap ov welBoxd ponnbor a ap 0) pasn s}aoysap SurwuesBoud 24, soi sosseaoid $y) 205 essza08 (5) 2BeH0% ono 0} papasu 8 sandino 2 05 povrs unoid oy o 9 sad) sign poe 99 10 yun Jssepox! pue induy ayy u-sunouts oup \g 9m0g Lo | | sonpatut rnding, ws0001 69 _ ff aageatagag pad Tajonnos Roya qed esBe anyon yeusoyu 9 WowaBuene 59 302901 suoneayunuantog *u ‘eIMpnas [eUIBDG PEE 2_ SIMON 91 pu jawsorxo us poyuasaidar 5/14 Jo am : no Kao nr sony a 02 sdeysed a AOL 6961 stro Srnns pr ‘mun ateniu Smut poosapn sine cane at z IA PUES 01 FouBisap pus podiny -1 ido ae srg “sys04 nq s2indioo of s.aHs 1 Soap. ‘d 0 wpnws sina90 g pu ms UY ao} Funuowsdun Sau EYSayProgrammable t controller and Integration Mechatronics . 4) The systein-bus.is used for communi I. »pudoutput unit data bus" for sending data between the constituent temal contro! actions. The system bus is used for betweon ports and the inpuvvoutput unit, ered From a program par dldress which can be used by the CPU 5) Sourcing and sinking J terms sourcing and sinking are used to deseribe the wi Fig 3.3 Internal stracture of PLC negative, 1) The CPU: The internal structure-of the CPU depends on the microprocessor concemed. {In general they have 4) An arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) which is responsible for data manipul carrying out arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction and logic oper ‘of AND, OR, NOT and EXCLUSIVE-OR. » ? Input 2) The buses : The buses ae the pats used for communica rau +, information is transmitted in binary form, ie. as group of bi a bit. The system ‘has four buses: ' ' ! 2) The data bus caries the data used inthe processing carried out by the CPU, Fig 3 (Sourcing rieroprocessr termed as being &-bithas an internal data bus which can handle &-bt tubers, I an thus perform operations between 8-bit numbers and deliver rests : ve 7 as Sti values. ae = Pet b) The address bus is used to cry the addresses of memory locations. $o that cach ; Pole word can be located inthe memory, every memory location is given a unique address, ©) The control bus carries the signals used by the CPU for control, e.g. to info memory devices whether they are ro receive data from an input or output data and 10 ' carry timing signals used to synchronise actions. o Fig 3.5 Sinking284 01 yo] WOH shemye St NOY J9NOd opwsodo 31d £'¢ Bid tuo suononaysut so4po 61 peay YEN sBUY] UoHNNSU! ayy Buoje paoe|d oxe su ‘uns 0 sou ‘ousy Joppa] » Sajguuassa WesBeIP ajo\ amp pu 5 asoy weep 210} soppel smoUS 2 Jou! ® YBnosyt 371d & 01 payseuuod soo # dors pue EIS uo ‘2jdusera oj “(euosus8) suonngysng maado 74 29504 fo maker 9'¢ Bay sSvarouresed jos1u09 wou pu sad0 wy wnduy oyrsods eso} 1 pouisop ayy and 0} pasn s1 9 0} osm 2q WED Tey [EUS 109 snpow yuding)“s0WauL ayduss 9 ‘BiajonueD a1607 2 $59 Toadboyu pus sajenuos Boy oeUweIBOId suonaaenFig 3.8 Terminology of adder Miagram 3.4:4 Ladder Logic Symbols = Ladder Logie Symbols areas shown below =| Pagespoe (8a vig eo att sicko ed , ape Noemally cased contact Ty fasesgow fr TQ any lost uh of ingusipases power, out sue ened + Fig 3.9 Ladder logic symbols 3.4.2 Procedure for PLC Ladder Programming: ‘The verti 2 12s ofthe diagram represent the power rails between which circuits ach rung on the ladder defines one operation in the control provess. Mechateanics programmable agic controller andintegration Lae Figure 3.10 ring is reed from let an soon end, the end rang ofthe program bet 7 start. This procedure of going ‘The end rung might be used as an input to the PLC. 7 ‘output of PLC, ex, a motor, 5, Electrical deviees are shows some object closes might have a relay fone or ‘numbers dre used to label the device in each 7. The inputs and outputs are all identified by th depending on the PLC manufacturer. This isthe ad memory of the PLC. 4 45G2 Logie Functions “There ate many control situations requiring action combination of conditions is realized.° A i ‘ eyo poncay . a e . : a] wojpasee b= ato] setae A ¢ A ° . < ® | v rare | i tu i f fame sinoso ages | - - — 41 HO Aa eGR mojo} Yop pue jnduy yoBD UO aVeB LON w nd of st ‘sijnsau aUrES exo Soa you ‘oaeusane UY 2168 NV 94} WOH Spndhno ayp [TE HAL OFS ae t ~ 2 “LON 24) Bas jo oouenbosuoo ou ‘218 CNY PE LON Jo woHENquIOD S188 NV A 5 a HONYN ( Orley: fo setenponiey 8) andino, ‘day KWH J, tome au indo oan oe ale sn go yd goo ay HL ese ede eu % ‘oq J0 V Yow uayspaujengo sy ndind ueasoyw nou je}0979 Ue sMoys amy . wow o ‘ 7 we ¥ anting | ren sopesado NY andr we soo ap 29pPeT 1 ou pu dou x4 ydhno 9:04 eh HE, LON 5 powzado aq ao we yo ayy ut won ‘pasopo Ayetws0U ste ‘INV ue Jo ajduwexo ed 0 sionpoid papvog Suimodswea oq yo aydutexo uy" swouelado yo yeoi8o} wasaido4 = jo Suns ow ous cuoay syed yeannan 6 papyacud syed 200 ros : IRR 88 I,Programmable (ogic cantcoller and integration 6) Exclusive OR (XOR) , of the inputs a ther ofthe inp ‘uae E 1 a xe > fa |e oma 7 5 1 @ . : | Swayne is 5) NOR: . is by using NOT, Al NOR gate i combination of OR gate by a NOT : NOT gue to invert the outputs af he OR gale An ers sto put a NOT guts on each input and thn an AND gas ed ips, Inputs Ourpur I gate system ' L e the input ceases. 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ARter determining the operation ofthe system, ltermine what input end output devices the system requites. requited and ide ype of device. sin addition to diserete (On/O8) logic. red beside simple diserete logic. {peed of operation. ‘onside these points: ‘§ How fast does the process occur or machine operate? ” operations or events that must be detected? ist the fastest action oceur (input device detection to output for flowmeter and sm need to count pulses from an encsoyoniav poouvapo yoords ¥ 21'S “Sh . Spare yonvoo pings '¢ wa IG ssuns2e 0200 ‘und 049 uy paren uwoyshs uodo at ss ‘éBojouyoan jeuStp ‘aways vorejos: pue uonDaep rey samipay Areexne ssres2aquy | sin upp as0U! 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Moreover, itis essential to figure out the righ movertents in order to do the job properly 3.10.3 Arm arm is the part of ahe robot that positioned the end efleviors to programmed task. Robot arm comes in all shapes and sizes." human arms, and the parts such as shouldérs, elbow and rumanog ths ves he robe! «lot of way 0 pain the prs environment. The point of meeting two different parts ofthe arm {o form an arm. Ithas the equivalent of shoulder, an elbow and wrist, Charact the shoulder is mounted toa stationay base structure. A human ar, by comparso seven degres of feedom. 14 simple robot arm with tree degree of freddm can be abl UP and Down, LEFT and RIGHT and FORWARD i Programmable logic controller and integration 3.10.4 End effectors 5m cups are used to hold ‘Based on the principle of ag Ferrous workparts ise are used for holding +| devices Duel grippers fingers. Sensory feedback, fingers ae ‘grippers that are ‘commercially availat Sundar ges epics ig pet ee Tew TRE Te aT FEI pI epentos on te ‘object. For examplUwojewuoyut Jo onsnos ' ‘€gu9 Jo 201n0§ « 2onds 6) sasynbas yoqos ay “UoR>uN OL, ‘squsuiarnbas jeuonoung SOre Seppadond wash sepa ans STO ua} Jo waueunseayy sip 109 powuesdoud uy - jorur peer) | uote Sune spjjoquoooroqt pe 408% roses Koad ‘nym worjaunfuos up pasn uaysO “sefgo Jo aavesqe 40 2oussoid oxp | stosuos yond 1eajap O} pasn 910 yeIp SOOIADP ouseWOIOYM JOYO PUP s||200104d osuas Bua Boss payjeo osty “osues.2up 01 st99fgo ue ds0jo moy aUIUUEIAP 0} PAS Ayupxorg Tras an a 3 SPAT Ip] OAT a {oR|UON aqp SqeoqpUt :sI0sus yonoy, pouayur pu sosseoqudozor jo asm oxy hq ‘usotap suon!puoD BuPyLom “vousoduion peusayy ‘Soups 30 ayes > Buposae pazysa}se1e4> 99 PINOY SEI YHOU PaAToaut 90{QO.ay1 HON, ye 24) uy panjonit roeseyo “Bupunosms ska pasoduit sjuresuos souewsut sj ‘sovds snafgo otf Jo so yom si Jo su} ut ose ang ase) Jo sua) Ut Kjuo ou poulJop SI Oqod B Jo UONoUNY aN, So vanoue | Hoss 91 ‘re “yorreedo ajay ‘uunseou ‘yoafgo 241 Jo Fuyquaosse ue Josugs uoanyog peur st YeHOS soy.tj tgELATEP oF PER) ojsuen ‘si99fgo BurAdauoo pue.Buypurcy 2x1] S488) SnotseA uo ue 10qoy - SI aoRy yoqoy fo wowannbas pouoyouny srs Bt ' 7 hoqaa 20y serSojomoay a08u8g yey, 0 are sojogor ut pas SH0sH08 SHOE we wo do payed oy = Boa szanes ) (losoaas.) {so snnos Se #ig amp uy unoys ua9g sey nesado ay go ars 2xp Buus29U0 no pots 24 01 SEI Bu ussoooud jus: suum wpew oa} sey 49 ‘DajesBoyaypue Toone 780) 8\qeuNIBIBOIS SwaHeeH NR 28 yosuag $0587Figure 3.16 shows a diagram which de ‘manufacturing, The general characteristics of indu the subst Hazardous work ceavironment for hums epstiive work eyele Difficult handling for ‘Multishift operation replace two or toe workers shifts, thus they can provide a faster financial payback. Infrequent changeovers Robots se is justified for long production runs where there are infrequeat changeovers, s opposed to batch or job shop progustion were changeovers are more frequent Part postion and crlecation ae established inthe wor cell ral Programmable togic c ‘and Integration 3.11.1 Material Handling Applspjjonuos sa+aeo dso jonuoo o18o} ayqouesBosg auyaqy (2 onde aunty jonuo> 2/80) oj qu A a ToesBBqUy HUN Toa abo oTgemTTEIIONG le siantoan4.4 Mechanical system manages power to aceon Transform aa include the use of Mechanisms mechatronies system use in an aut cexpostites, involves @ mechanism for adjusting le electronies might now be'used often for mat fulfilled by mechanism might still be wsed to provide - Force a 2, Change of speed ~ that! about one axis to rotation ab Te wespicternres sou Vict Types of m 4.4.2 Degree of Freedom an jon Systems d constraints design of“sure jszeq 40 tans potyes ose axe suo os0q “ads Buyout so says uopoul anos LC baNBLa) se Noge soy uss ap poe aDesns ah 9 sno ypuasajUru © sey sapu40 © ano reoespan (© . ss aang ip Bet tue ads A sfipon Buds ! * ‘ssaujoudioa pu Ayoyduas stop 03 amp zejndod Aan ase swe oye sie wweo 1p 0} yetusoU ued & an Soyy980 40 sofeaoud2e0 Jemo}[05 a4 "wea Osxp 30 jeIpes sv UmoU ospe axe Aaq “WED aN so wonsjosjo anuas aip oH jeypes ews sonous samoyjoj ain ‘st 0 pd wes a ope pp Bi ‘Surayehs vorjeniay jeaD87g 8 ea1ueyaaN ue F0 woReOHISAO EH usproyoou ming ¢°p 8) eo odeys pom semojog: suds ping“ Jemojloy au sapyn8 pus we ai soddns yoy ourey y & semol]og 3 two ap se UML JOqUIDU BAP Y & 9 Joquiow UOALIp y 2 souyoeu poyewoune ‘Somsnpur Zuyabom ayyxoy‘suistueyoots yon1uoD ae wisueypou wie Jo sjuawoy> Aiuss099N¢ swvo SWVo ty a —Mechatropies Fig 66 Cylindrical cam of follower Knife edge follower. The such as gas and oil engines. Flat face follower ‘ i Mechanical & Electrical Actuation Systems 4.2.5 Applications of cams xs of alves.The is rotation CC engines to operat tates by using prime moveres can be teansferred onto the work piece by using a rol can be mounted with @ cutting tool. As the cam traverses, the rofile. The required feature can be copied onto the workpiece by ra @ o 1ed to one another, (c) Axial teeth, teeth ir axes, (b) Axes ine (a) Helicat teeth, (¢) Double h40} wwowiouease ue yons Surse yp swojqoud‘senamoy ‘8 a¥04, 8198 pea] ¥ POUND) St jwowofluene ue yong -peauyy Aas9s aly Buoye S9xow! “UoAlsp aq 0} wed 24} 0 PRYORHE st sen Buatp PO}EOY 51 mosDs apf} VBAOMOHL ONS AIRUOHEIS ay) Buoye porous pe yous) aip “nt pul mados Jo log FeUORUEAUD 2 YM "wEIKs ynu-puEnasss a oonsinn of Anos BuyonGo0 0} psn ag Se pou MALLY mons snop aging 1p Bet 7 soxp9 wiojsuen 01 sro paysouuoyut _f19_90 Jo r92H)9 HLL, "EGIL ‘jasianty st [20\n 8 Jo A4ojan seynBu ou se vou. -weay Lz Yi, aunty Uy S® °D pur 4g *Y slooym Jo Bupstsuod pou won ayduns ore ea ! COS DE . . —— ata DTT 8 _ LES SuBASu 1 pue syes ndyno pu yodut any ve won sea & yons Joys} "p amy a8 ajduass 9) HL, suyen 185 VED ‘sjoaym 10 poysouon, 2 ay 405 pasn Ones 3808 uO oy)“ F294 JO “uwesp ayy 20m aany wsnus g pou * Bum “ye _ ¥ oly jossqunu fo Jap” quo igen jomqunu YO {yn ute ojoweIp sy 0} euonodoud st aot & wo Yaa, 30 soqumNU oy aOUIS + gh yuo gpa jose fs paar joraquamy VO a Ly j90um Jo Yah A90}04 sOyNBuw amp smu, uO YBNO3A ‘rejou sn ooq} B UO yI202 yy 3808 poy 1 49p|SU09, “ays Jo gn 219 9 soyeos g Joay set 0g pur Vy Joayrs © sn owtooz940 24 uve SUL, on year ayn 30 ‘datsp supoowus w st 2554p, ofeiueape 224 YES 249 JO 169 oe ouy Taaar Ajjuonbasvoe pur ‘avy 51098 [2 20} puB jes | SuonewpeNFN = 2 \ ASatenot and pavil mechanism . “a that allows linea or) MON showsa sthemati sats : Seu the tet othe pw ate at an Treat ses inbetween the teeth Te spring ces tanh The the and pa are tec . ay Spring “Table spindle Fig. 4.12 Ratchet and pavrl mechanism c 4.6 Belt and Chain drives Mechatronics 4 Belt and Chain drives 9 g eylinders tives use the friction that develops between the pulleys attached: torque. The transmit ‘motion of one eylinder being transferred to the Mechanical & Etectrical Actuation Systems, Tong 3 preferred. Differ fffect. However, the gear ratio is limited to about fare of contact between the belt and pulleys both forms of belts eannot be use ‘A bearing is # machine elem motion, and reduces fi “The design ofthe bearing provides «Free linear movement ofthe moving part Free rotation around a fixed axiserp Br anbioy Loyour japanod aio 8 Yorou zejnaryed v Aq udai wey) pasinbs axe sonbsor pur Spoods au JE SMU, S24 2 a4 0 pos paods ‘snjnuvaxp sy"2]gissod aze sono olga 38 onjen anbso) wanwuyxeur ax st si], “papoeaxs aq 20U pynoys Snes fy, Buyuuns snot E rdAi & 40} saasno Fupeiado oup sé anbiol 76%, + Dab 1 s2mod ai sg pus pibsoysrow dp Aa poop eC +")=saN0d sopsojan sjndye ayy st @ a1a40‘0"| +0 ‘omod aij, "So0]on s9[0Bue aunts pue aouoy 0} yenba peo} mj vya0s pur 89°82 UoN sonwap 9 aq or spaan * spuog yoiyes wauuoyo peoy & Aq pouddns s} uonow aap yor ty Buyzwaq aux, “9 3 oouoN e Suse PINE “p sean ue u owt Aut peg, un Jo apow st sooeps € aysayds pu sad z 7 10 soysado yoy Jo yoto “Butseaq jo sad vouuoo 9 are aay Siyav0q says pu og 91 Std tow] Bu ay 93 oo Sutbaq vulaj Buyfory eI Sus ‘upmes 99 Woy) pow spol ure SiuayakS UOHeNTay WoHNDS|a 9 TESMENRO700 Mechatronitis Mechanical & Electrical Actuation Systems TH 4.10 Mechanical Switches This isthe 7 i either make (ON) or ly closed e Let us now look 4.10.4 Based on the number of poles and throws, 1 ‘The pole represents the number of in switches are designed pole, ros represent the numberof tates to whiclroucre switches are designed to have ether one or row and double throw switches, designated as single A, Single Pole Single Throw Switch (SPST) will be cbrmected during ON operation isa normally open contact. €.Double Pole Single Throw Switch (PST) a ee i Symbol DPST Switch SPST Switeh ' Powe Sn . Fig. 4.18 Single Pole Single Throw Switch (SPST)“spuey eoyoou #49 (unop 20 dn posed 30) pene sons 2880p £07 ea laid” | udas’, . sis’ wonas o18304 “ ua axe ‘snasta yeapnsaj9 x9 Ho11409 40} pas sonng ysnd Sunoe ajgnoq ‘any anoqe aqp ut uacoys se suoung ysnd Sunae ajgnop pue pasoyo Ajeuusow ‘vodo Aj|2uLs0u ou payssseyo Aofew ave suowng Ysn.]"uoRIN ysnd BLS arene are sqequoo e)qeaote ajo payouss 39 01 Now! 24p tpn Solas ut payoouUOD axe sioeiuoy Areuones youn Jo ‘syaeqUO ajqeaou pue Az2uOKeS Jo sIs{su0> 9] “uoUNg Ysnd B ‘yes on asaip ayasedo usyueypous Tuuds pews) 24 ‘pOAowaD susntes uonng sq] JeBuy s,auouios &q possoxd >was wong Hsng'V ‘wopannsues pue uopesedo uo pose ZON'P yoss Lda a? us ohn 278s 0d argued TS] sanoa Spwonewen zorA) and can also is and styles ant are used for different type mally closed imit swited oso Normally Closed eld open limit it switches ere presented. Some switches cor by the absence of objects or by the motion of machine instead of ‘These switches are called as limit switches. These switches consist of ab ted by an object. When this bumper ae is actuated, it eauses the sw change position, ‘* Float switches are mainly used for controlling DC and AC motor pumps according to the liquid or water ina tank or sump. ‘© This switeh is operated wtien the float (oF ‘upward based on water level in a tank, ing object) moves downwart or Fig. 4.25 Float Switeles Mochanical® Electrical ActuationSystems is float mos devices and band sel (knob) and m arrangement of Jeway. Fig. 4.26 Joystick Switch consists of one or more moving contacts se switches are come with different I2-way, 3-pole 4-way, 2-pole 6-way and 4-pole | | ay selector switch(o8ujon ploysoay wey “eyes 24 pinoys SOA wp pprnoxd nos Hp oH ads Hm SOA sass wurde EAASOWCiauNEAp-N aU, 'S9149 J2UUBYD-N 4 ouUEgard #99 UD SL ISOM LIASOW O87 BLE 1 jauueyond ypuseyo-N, ~gaunog ‘ono, e RD Ly ep . \ 1 uma uid SLa4S0W i a01nop 24R J0 29818 430 nun st aaanos pue uresp up uoaent9g 900 19 ka, 2 “99|4ap pojjosuoa aBeyOa & 8, du avd No 247 sous soxpany ‘oflayon (aomos 0} aie) ynduy 8 ou spur 2034 2 sot vf 3 “20}map Buqyowis Kovonbay} yi yoeya plaid s01oupl saod st pu ssjodiun ® s: (L34SO) 20 naan 290019 5 ple poseig agionas uuay pores ayn uaa “(HONE NO O4!) Nal ToAay proysasty sey 20) oBe10% risos ym anrisod peu st apoue ayy YOK (yous 440 241) 0 na “apoui 0) yoadsas uni annysod ape! ‘Sunompuoo sues pu paselg preasoy ide ann Aq pue apexes aporty said 6° Bd 0b Fursyekg uoneniay 129110813 8 1ESIUEUIEN “s9po1p yeu sojonpuoD!LIDg “SEIS \§ unzopiad ued apo 2M NO suum 04 sastiea Po ‘sone pe 2599 2y) usa%yod poioouLD) WN 1S Jeuus) 9569 auf YBAOM} SOL WOUND y]oLUS & UH "HOD dns sy wound asuq qualnqgos ® way NO PAYA 20 payeiodo aie suo|ssuEN ANd PUE NAN WOE suossuoay soda at°F peo TARR 20! < seaeeNMechatronics eréfN-chantiel MOSFET | uses reverse ON ted Gate Bipolar Trans power transistor and power MOSFET. MOSFET, IGBT edn be tured ON by applying a positive vo threshold voltage) between the gate and emitter, IGBT can be turned by reducing the voltage across the gete-emittr to zero. In most of the case it needs negative reduce turn OFF losses and safely tum OFF the GBT. SCR A Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) most widely used high speed switching device for power control applications. It isa unidirectional device as a diode, consisting of three terminals, namely anode, cathode and gate ‘An SCR is tured ON and OFF by controlling its gate input and biasing conditions of Ue anode and cathode terminals. SER consists of four layers of alternate P and N layers sulch that boundaries of each layer forms junctions JI, J2 and JB Mechanical & Electrical Actuation Systems 709 1S on Pt Fig. 4.32 Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) ruc * “Teiac (or HRlode AC) switch isa bidirectional switching device which is an equivalent circuit of two back to back SCRs connection with one gate terminal Its capability to conteol AC power in both positive and negative peaks of the voltage waveform hese devices to be used in motor speed contr press systems, motor drives and other AC control equipments pe MI k= ay Tv ath Two.Thyisor Analogy Circuit Symbol Fig. 4.33 TRIAC DIAC A DIAC (or Diode AC switch) is bidirectional switching device and it consists of two terminals which are not named as anode and cathode. ‘DIAC can be operated incither direction regardless ofthe terminal identification. This indicates that the DIAC ean Fig, 4.34 Symbols used for DIAC‘6 pve siosisueat qm worounfuod us pasm oq 0} Ajayy axe Aaxy vorEMS B Yo woo aumwodsoy w w) sopoay ayoayo ue Aq pasinbos wausno ayy. 94) JO 10 HO Yor 0} papodU Sy wat JOBLW| Yon v pl joa ayy wo) yndino ayy ‘Suto Josiu09 UE pasn UBUp c sop oer Bt P I © ) » aoflunig og safunig o> 199) “aos pu wozina Jo anges pue ada ayy (on) uado ppeonpoad s} pjoy-2nauBeu spuodep 30 ap psu pajnd $1 2200 aM 914 pa Buabyekg UoWeN|ay [eDMNDe|a 2 eSUEHDON Silonewey“The common el AC motors b) Sfnchronchs 2) Poly-phase . 2) Induction b) Synchronous ‘gap between rotor and stator where the two magnetic fields 5 3) Universal the output torque ‘Stepper motors the part of & DC motor through which tbe ynehrqnous AC motos itis done by + Comiutator isthe part of a DC motor rotor tt is in contact with brushes and ii ling the armature current asthe method to contra the current direc rent is supplied to the armature lesign of :) mptors,Oey Br ee ee ee ees wos (pd deqoud 51 o30u OQ Jo adh 1 &q paods aigeisnipe sues SAM] 5 1an0 paods 1uU san play i 19 pe} (80 a “Adds aures a4 Suyduind ayy uy paddies s} ox0y Bua j10 -saseauouy Buus pur soy01 ayp uaanyeq aauds fy) payuaza sp uoySas aunssazd ato] v ut dumnd ayy yy “Sone apys om pus But ‘20}02 ‘24 Aq posoyous az pu souea 2xp voonag pony uw sioquieye Suyduing Bus ox su passaid wtp dooy souea ou) Jopun aunssbud pu 2030) 1enaIUaD “(6's “Bl 995) swam) J0}03 s2 Bus Jo aongsns J2UUY 94, 003, PE s}ojs J0I02 amp oF pany axe SoU “Buu 2 apisuy sam pure yeys antap aun 0} pajdnoa st soyol e duind auea v uy :sduumg aura dung 4025 v fo uoyanasuos ous ys Bit unssaud mo} Sjanntesedwon ye o2iodo Ajj uy sus Coy. quowaoetdsip poxy axe sduund adh DD ay} SMOYS P'S aun Mo panto 21 au sy “838 2p Kg sojesapisuoo yi} Suezodo pue ‘rages o sso108j vo poseg poysoads st ‘Kq pu poods oalip ani 8 ye indino ayes May aUUNIOA stay) Aq pores Aesoua8 ave sdtund sou, 28609) ur 98 Jou aunssaid 5 pue Jnow-atud ayy Jo poods 0 9108 5 181 90 ‘ndyno 104 uorInjon01 ab ayons (u Jo 9f0Ko yous 30) pny Jo wNOUE UDAld v zoanfop . ‘sduing jwewadeldsig eag/s0d 10 9NEISOIPAH PY T'S dung sof oquds porydost aug 5 Bip ‘O Om ‘moje €'¢ 1g UY uMods st duind » 40) Joquaas Ivo Sdund wouoaeydsyp annnsod Aoyda Kypesoved suarsasoynps et aiqis2noy, wd 30 aneysoupAy pue wowiodeydsip cvs ou! poplaip aie sd ‘ayywouauay “wars4s 94 98 pany 1nespKy Jo AypuENb OAT e BuuoAYep {0 Afious proueyoew od) spoauoo dud 94), . ‘sduing unepAH YTS suiaysig ayneapcyy uf ajo jee sed sdusng 2484p aL 279 (4) pds somod oypmospacy fo muoutaduvssv ay) () 25S Bnoge sas ssuonewpaN732 WA iy : Mechatronics Pheumatit end Hydraulic Actuation Systems 7 = ituble prevention method A radial pump has the pistons arranged radially in a cyliger block. tn an axial « pistons are paallel the axis ofthe eylnder Hock ‘© The hydraulic 6.2 Pneumatic systems 4 Tractors imigaion system, extindy 5:24 Working of pneumatic system les, tnnel boring equipment. Th pueumatic power system an elect ma thecomprbsocis likely ob tered and vi | relief valve provides protection a rising above a safe level. ly to bea covling systém. et, breaks, flight conto! and transmission ec, which are used in ain Aicreceiver space 5 5.1.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydraulic system Compressér Pressure otor lietvalve Cooker Advantages . Moto yale Cooks ce ‘© ‘The hydraulic system uses incompressible t + It delivers consistent power output which is dflul in pneumatic or mechanical drive systems. t ‘¢ Hydraulic systeris employ high density incompressible fluid’ Possibility of leakage Silencer il in hydraulic system as compared to that in pneumatic system. The mi ise costs less 4, # These systems perform well a ht environment conditions. , Fite Disadvantages ' : ‘The material of storage an, piping eyinder and piston canbe coroded | t hydraulic uid, Therefore ong must be careful while selecting materials and hydra uid ++ Yhe structural Fig. 5.6 Typical Pneumatic System 6.2.2 Basic Components of Pneumatic System ‘ane show in nportant componeats of1 Buy afBuyg Jo suossasdoo woystg Jo aduexg ye passexdaio> “ty sveonuy ox yoy aujos sy Buonpa! Ay amssud ype Sosa essaduae in Seavovs pin ont ABiava yeorunysous Spoauog Yom 2049p YoQURYOOM ¥ SL osseidW0g ¥2S aaayaoa4 amy 8S SAL ‘aie anjanyorus—e yoqas Ages smawoWUOL amnssold soujadid onp ut souasogi anesoxd ajqsstuiog @ oy Bun asors ste passoudiwoo ay ‘pax fspaou woishs aeumaud ai 20m yng 20ssxdwoD 2 woe wre] J9nB20u C'S jo te assoudtoo ay !4ED JOAN sanypoas ne aug pasos Josseuduo: ‘antap 0} pasn st °A8009 susisfs syeunoud sip ‘yo swournow pasinbaa aun uso} past ay SHO. Ps . ‘jo aunssoud ‘no UOHSSP possaudioa Jo wowounbos aun uo fase ‘payeiado A280} 1 SSP 29 ‘a payaso’ st ye passasdwog trossaadio;) ane siajo09 aso}as ai fun siossaiduog ary "suossaxduo> ste psn age assy Su9119 AI 9 4p 100 sniowodueg 1's Std i, onwos 2010 yous © ounssaug sie Aaxpuos9s sy Tatoosy soreseddg s9]00) sossaudulo) O¥EHUL nies onwop. eV Benes 7" [os yMechatronies 6 WA i Air inlet my Air) t Piston Connecting rod Crankshaft Fig, 5.9 Single acting piston compressor compressors are commonly used in pressor sho 2 moves down during the ors the piston moves up thei systems, The 5.3 Classifications of Valves ‘A valve is @ device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a closing, or partflly obstrycting various passageways, by opening, 1) Based on Control mechainism A, DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES Used to control and change fluid flow direction in any hydraulic or pneumatic systems, Itean be further classified as, 1, According to type of construction: '* Poppet valves Spool valves 2. According to number of working ports: | Two-way valves , woe ~ way valves ‘© Four- way valves. 3. According to number of Switching position: Preumatic and Hydraulic Actuation Systems LMA 7 B. PRESSURE CONTROL ther classify as is called flow conirol valve, and includes ‘and flow control valve, manifold set fow 2, Pressure ress or flow. A simple example is water tap, These valves may aso be valves ve are diserete posit se cal providing a diferent pressuré and flow condition are comménly spocitig by min designation where m repesents number of paths or pots ber of postions for example a 4/3 valve means the valves has 4 ways and 3 TV) Based on the enid connection, valve ends ean be swe or theeaded . «Socket Welded + Check valve and butterlly valvesainssaid jo juounsnfpe xp Bu} ‘2x1, “suado anjen jotou aun yor 7 [949] amssoud jo wownsnpe ou, Suvaoype“aigensnpe 11 doo 01 sot But2d9 oy “apts saypo ayn io apy ‘angen ayp tad Kr o1 (oun payseD 248) ‘u pay st aunssoud “o4j2n a4 Jo apis 2u0 ug *(aulyo ‘moar atp) pasoj0 Aieuls0u 31 anyon 2p Jp SMO JOqUUS sUL, Bey UI UNOYS st anjea Jo}feu-ounssa4d B Jo Joquuds orydEsE) ‘ue ysupee uonajaud saptaoud anyea joyjas-ounssaud ou, “2aqea tums snus oy dud ayy pe vamp wos pay ayn tw szoyenyae ayy Aq paouaysadxa speoyi9a0 91 9tp BEA uM OM) © 1} Kuz dooce rou saop wis ownespAy amp 3 amg fone anesey OFS 208g dung wuyxeul a4) St ea ono Banos nssaud ag s1 Moy dnd 18 ast ns 9q wea moY duund yy 38 SI81x9 ut jaddod 04) WYP parou 04 Py unssoud 04 ‘Sry ‘pu 3940) Hi aso] aunssoid _o pons s1 added Suuayshg vojeniay SnneIpAH puRaREWNOV: Sy soxovan ounssoud oysAS a4) wayyy “Butsds Kavay w hq 99jen a 1 989 soy dun Suns uyxbus poyyoods ippinyssedag uso duund auunjo-paxy ‘Kuey 2ouavayaeu £4 uonwanouy nou ‘OK at sot e emp sua sig sep aunssaud ued une soso} ‘amssoad aya pny sossedg pue svado onjea gays © aay w ners pue fy ‘35g 8 Jo uoroayeud ayy ynoM A, nog SUR su Ka, piaeydas 20 1508.24 urdaoy Aq uauinoyaunssaid woipaao fipiuy ppnow. SBugumsesasojoq wy qoud oyqyssod joe 9yy a1ajoq youudsiod souevar ouro9jo ub uoyy rtp st 20Uar9yp UL [ono ysasd ¥ Sso0K9 oy wayshs 9g) 1on}0ud 590149 WOH pasoxo 01 so. adeodwe ‘9989 log, wash rosaid soupeas amssaud ay) ays OY PIN Joy ype BWLD Suen' 8.5 Pressure Reducing Valve ing force and when both are balaived, the downstream setting When the pressure in the reduced pressure line exces cace the flow passage area by compressing the if the spring force is more, the valve opens wider and if force, the valves moves towards the spring and tro controlled pressur 38 the flow. Graphic‘Suyjeniaa uoistd si dd 2g 0} aunssoud sagne> p poyoenas fy UNA “48 YBINS yy Bussvo}aL ‘org Jepuyjéo 0} aunssasd soyfdde os pues one ea SoWoHins sip soresodo -B YOURS i ‘sows ¥y J0p bas v axinbas Kew suoysés |oruod aynespfy JO 9} Bujsuanbas spunky pos ue uo4suanxa Jo 9 a . papeay0 pamapou su (0) powsos popu Supow-gniog » fo ouuns ss z @ (®) sid sy osne9 01g J9puyé> 0. ‘anyon 01 pouidd aq Gh asad sasuro poe aapea saunas si soweado +2 ty : sez anjen 0} amnssaid soydde. sy. ‘passaud 51 | 2aj@a Uo uoufig-ysnd yeig suoisid paypenas mey siopun}h> oun nog A\penN “1 . :s}suoneiodo Jo aouonbos 0) ‘res0ua 0} posn 2q pynoo wey nALN9 & SMOYS 91'S 2UNBL | “A -V “HR “HY st suOHwOdO 4 souanbas s9pusyd9 489 Jo a1eis 2 ple 19. CTO'E'Y Jona] sou © sepury any8 0} 0})281d vows fo ys jonuos jenuanbos so uo sip onwiado mpyuonbas sowmpe-oay 91° Bhd poy ZZ worst 4 SE} uayps pue yen! 4 ur pauaddey sey si uous oo J RTS wa RR BOTTI ie —‘A start/stop valve is included in th sequence over again. The capable of providing an output motion of one revolution oF more but not continuous rotation. Figure 5.17(a) shows A linear cylinder used to produce rotation, ar eylinder used to produce rotation (b) vane. by Vane type : ithas semi rotary actuator involving in vane. A press wo ports causes the vane to rotate and so give a shafi Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuation Systems hand operation and Construction of Directional control valves tact or reciprocate hydra sontins ports that are e identified by the term * Way". For example, four ports is named as four-way valve, Di 1, Avcording to type of constru +» Poppet valves # Spool valves control valves can be classified in # number of ways:(ou you ) aon oddod fo oa 08's But jad 5] May 0 sunssaud pin up ‘uortop usodéd a poo psi pavados 4760 aie (Vo) REAP 200 WK pI Jo MOY Daea yooyo Aeguosso 8 ADM /Z 9A (udjsoq reddod) ADA te 61'S pouadg anja pasoig anna (e) ry OF. 1d woamoy 2850 Moy ay 9psxosd sp ;parwaioul dey2A0 j ase 20uoy, sosvorout aunssaad sewuad st 98630) 40 voye) 9g gM 2840 . joodag “aunssaud Jo roa aun j uo spuodap Buje0s jo 2080p a4, Bus sonjea joods Si, Xpoq anjen au Jo 2109 Bi Zayouryp oun] say Tey) s9quuoUY jeoUpuNyAoe; oods eyo sstsuos anqea joods ayy ——————E—T—e—=E—O 5 joods Guipiis seinyea} feuonannysuog ows, sues ayy ve you; pue sorenyoe ‘dwund {Jo wonysouue) deseo aaneBou o} anp aseyd sayouis Ho4s 01 ‘ue saayea asauy so soferueapesip ay 1 (uojeussoyop wopuadop 18 pasn 9q Key losqe 59 fue sonua Yok poiees 4 Sareyshs voljeniay annespay puesHewneud ca veTt Wa Mechatronics ‘Spool type check valve Preumaticand Hydraulic Actuation Systems 7 te eect Porta \ = Soring re ae ‘the valve | Fig 5.23 Pilot Theo ~ way valve “Three-way valves either block to flow back 10 the tank 3. A thrge-way valve hast y aspring 6 port P is blocked and outlet A is co jot operated check PI, Tis blockedasso Sines ae 13) fg siasiaig wohemay anneaphy pue sneumeug‘ Fae. Mechatrotes type valves PR (0) Symbor 5.28 Rotary valve Solenoid actuated valves ‘very common vay to actuate « spool valve is by using aso figure 5.29. As shown, when the electric coi (solens force tat pals the armature to move the spool ofthe valve. The solenoid valve hs, flow capt ‘maximum operating pressure of 250 bar. { id-operated valves comm push of about 510 kg. T 10 low for direct ope he second type "wet pin solgn lows the tank port oil 10 communicate ‘of the solenoid. Wet pin so represents a good he MA Xe pressure a ed at bath ends of the sp Fig 5.30 Graph Shuttle valve 153 cv‘ona sonpea Aypoung souetnoysnd iy ogy Buea amssaxd samo] a4 SEY pu soqgru jo se soning wsHser 2 "Suomeyidde pu safes eunssaud was 29) ony youu 5004 Ket ant Sonjea aso “080 OY a oun o} posh Kopi 24 Aue oj apes 29 9 anja Aion "uonsINsa ap SBULLIRap atp jo af8ue 4 odd ‘x pIsu, aio! ue> ory sip ojo ss}u00 1 "sau UY UMOKS 3 aea KyionnG Y ‘nea yong, {9704 jon09 ops sof yoquets pwopydely 6's Sty anyon Sry 40 aypoays 26'S aunty ssoxne dosp anssoud a, . putyag ajdiouud Bujiezedo ny, joqss'03 304 a8 spends Ruoiow pu 5 amssond woysis ain kaye psn ave Sone yruoo-noy poresuadwon a ‘SOATEA poyesuadWOD-24NSSO4q-UON Alea for409 4 pasauavop pe paws rosso ‘noon aprsaid ors} vor Poy i ates aunjon pind 2 {on ping # Jo oy Jo 9 9 BOTT . a S@AJEA JOuUOD MO] JO HoNdNASUOD puke aIdIOULLG 6°S ss) ff ‘suaysh uonenay snneupAH puRaqetnaig ~ WALL S31voONeBeN° \Fig 5.38 Ball valve Pressure-Compensated Valves Pressute-compensated Row-coit ‘pressure-compensated ¥ ne system pressure. nearly constant Pneumatic anttHydraulic Actuation SystemsBod ey od erg trod Bupa Bod FaRROM, d T yodainessig, weiss aq vasa | ea 196) m2 umoys ase suon oteshod 39 66s} Jad se mony 6S) Fisap vod ayy “warsKs soquinu vo paseg poqwutisop ' 2N2] vs pawWUBisop atom swiod a if ueip 22m)0 1owo]9 ay Jo ep p ‘Suieisig wonenisy anneiphy pus ajjeuneug np Buoy 4 Ae dsp wow enpyajpus ue wosaxdes 1 posnfoqwAS ‘sjoquids ISN Pue DIF UHDLIDWIY [BULB IO smespy uO} 0}, ' ypns squowaj9 snewnaud poe ‘Siuoaejo S|neIpAy yo sjoquiks OFS woysks paynsuon ay) Jo mvon2ung 30 nynus 94) 926uue 0} sey osj2 24 yo 244i 9q) Avo you aproap o7 sey sou8t if Jo pue sosoy “sodid se yons sou0ss ‘Stovour pu stopuyjAa jo Bu 2a sloweniae‘Sanjea on19§“Soqjua fonuos pj0SedA snoya ayy siuowaya jonued 9 l Ssuaneypen ae HA 2sS Hyatic mdrcoy {2pm Supe a9) 2p Son 95 ae sou me) i ata epee, ' autsany ot es Ho mH ql xo 5804 jo se SHY nea ea poet BES Y q ‘eagea wanes won a0 9 srymon spt | ot — exe 298 00 ns p03 bcs | Buon wr ich wl LW | ly!164 . Mechatronics 5:11 Basic Components of a Hydraulic System & its Functions iter to-accomplish useful work. Figure 5.38 shows & basie component ions ofthe components shown in Fig 5.38 areas follows is a device used ta conver the fi power to do useful work. The actuator may be of the eylinder) or rotary type (@8. hydraulic motor) to provide spectively : used to fore the fluid from the reservoir torest of circuit by converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy 3. Valves are used to control the direstion, pressure and flow rate of through the circuit External power supply (motor) is required to drive the pump. hydraulic} to another. Preuntatic ad Hydraulic Actuation Systems trol valve. he valve is th he pipe pressure ‘connected to part A and thus oa fe ischanged 10 load is towered.> syoquets Bays wovons) way oduag g's 2m . “ymomo ursoRBL OP'S 2mn8Lg ous} podd jonuoo sy opuypho a Jo paads Buypusyxo ayy yey Soya sayy) 20304 J9¢04 id smoy smd pny aM YDS 4 34 uPo anoge possnasip wapsKs Suomen ‘Suiaqehg woneMisy anesphy pue TTPneumatic anit-Hydrautic Actuation S Mochatrenies ar Case study + sted in table required a Ttem No. | Quantity t Figure $41 Meter-Out circuit. 1A 1Ce cece az ; moan 1 - spud I vi panes remove Ta aosuas aunssaig)] 2 | ZS) = afine® dunssar, t 70 Fenoasientt Tp aw uondisssq, jruend | “oN way | ON ’S| pesodaud ayy says z Apmg ese5, waT5hg vonemay 2n8)phH PUBS HBUNeUG SauoTeyBEN jour 0} pasn 218 105098 seg Gd ® ao ap puayaiduoo pue ribas axe s29peoy woRD® Js1409 pau! J03 PEpr|aU! Os}e at ips» Suysn hq7 WA 3 Calcul Piston annular area. take length, $ = 200 mm Parmp output, Q= 3:333%10'mm'/see Now. stroke speed, Vy. ra = 166.66 for fumace door je power pack sl ive OV toa pre-set o Mechatronics(ouen 0) {809 pit Kup suoniows sad ay ave wey (4) (oven co) sajdurexo yn waisés uopemoe joqueysour atp weydxg (8), soInpopy (open 80) Jogo: Jo wowsasmbasyouonouny youq uid) (open 30) rédy 1090 snowmen wydxa Ayu (0)°9 (oueni v0) ssatjomuo9 2/907 ajqeuuresfosg Jo suoneouddy 150 (q) (opeyn zt) fd Jo sons java weAdes K4or4g sqjonvOD o1Bo] ayqewuUesBory oUyEG (2) 5 e0ImpoH ' (suey v0) amis 4, pow ojofo aviqzew ‘qaKo uortannsut uaamag ysindl (ue 21) . sossaooudo.o1m ¢gog [onl] Jo emmsou4ave jeUanU 94 "YDIO¥S YOU ® YHA (spew 80) 1dxe Ayaisg Zpaytsse|9 srerjonvo% (om t0) (yw $0) ‘Bpnpou Hue WON] MORAY MAT TR 0 Hansayos SUapsoNb NY TALE kam sas og oH “XEN sau gsm ! (SLaK 0 somopeHoOIA, uw woyshs "gnu 190 22109 IE phy v yo usueduos 215¢q 24 108 ayy Jo Hupyom used ‘aajva foods Ai yotoys au yy aayea foods payezado ‘nea joods gopys 1200 gene foods uejdvo Ayoust “81 fo Buyjoe aus v jo upon west ruaysA8 oY py 8 SuORSonD MONA RLthe key (12 Marks) Maks) (07 Macks) lexminolagy related (16 Marks) Module-3 (08 Marks) ler (08 Marks) W) advance actuators b) Cont (16 Masks)(omew 2) YON G YONG . NYN( € JON@ | xo anvee _ xo 5 owen vo) syénusquy sng wasaysp Kyou ween (4) (5 ZI) 2 ise go) isvew 0} oto J jonuos o2oqur & Jo WeIRRIP YOI9 yh HIE (®) “py uo (sueyy 80) . DoDI [BOI & Jo LoNE|UERIO “wmesBeYP y019-¥ yp} AyoUG | sper 90) i SSe}9 Sa|jonvOno.OIW Ae MOH LH T-AINpOWN, st ide oy 9 tooenaq vara Jofew oy) itis SOI . Tainpow suesBatp 2120] soppay Buyaoyjoy wrojdxg (2) °9 1 aynespAy aids so 81sec (4) (ope 80) ap v S01 305 (yey $0) sy pue waists 9 jaa wesBeip (spew SA jon409 (osbyy po) wsisés 9 (one 80) (eee 80) (owen od (open 90) Spuoneien i{by Explain the types of DC rotors Mouule-5 tne various types of pumps use 9, (a) With neat sketch esp by List the advantaes and disadvantages of hyarauffe syste OR 10, (a). Explain Neat i, Sliding spool valve ii, Rotary spool valve (8 Marks) (b) Working of the solenoid operated spool valve with neat sketch, (08 Marks)