O1Fe SE Ib Ga ae NDOLA SCHOOL OF NURSING PEDIATRIC NURSING PEDIATRIC NURSING 2018 JANUARY INTAKE EXPANDEND PROGRAMME ON IMMUNISATION NOTE! = INTRODUCTION Protection against some infectious diseases is Provided by immunizations given at various staves during childhood, A high level of uptake of immunization is important to ensure bo: protection for the individual but also, in some diseases, herd immunity (Rudolf and Levene,198), Zambia adosted the goal of Universal Child Immunisation (UCD) meaning that all children ged five years must receive BCG Measles OPV and DPT-HepB-Hib vaceines aecording :o 5 oF Seon after. A fully immunised child is one who has received BCG, OPV, Dit Hib,rotaIPV and measles by the age of I 8months. DELINITION OF IMMUNISATION TERMS 7 Antigen: A foreign substance, whenintroduced into human body, stinuiats ofspecific antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes * Antibody: These are immunoglobulins which react specifically with the antigen ¢ stimulated their production © Immunity: a condition of being able toresist « particular disease especially throug Preventing development of a pathogenic microorganism * Vaceine: preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or fi fully virulent organisms that is administered to Produce or artificially inercasein muni to a particular disease© Immuni tion: treatment of an organism for the purpose of making it immune io a particular pathogen Vaccination: Producing immunity against pathogens (virtises and bacteria) by the introduc of live or altered antigens the stimulate the body to produce antibodies UIDELINES ON CHILD IMMUNISATION * Immunizations should not be given at a younger age than that indicated in the sche * Vaccines which require repeat immunization should not be given at shorter intervals ‘han indicated on the schedule. * Ifa child misses an immunization it should be givenat a later stage no course repeating * Immunization should not be given ifa child’s is acutely unwell with fever * Immunization should not be given if there has been serious reaction following 1 previous dose of the same vaccine Live attenuated vaccines e.g. (polio, measles, mumps, rubella, BCG) should not toimmunodeficient children because of risk of severe generalised infection. TARGET GROUPS FOR VACCINATION * Children under five years + School aged children + Pregnant women * Women of chili bearing Special at-risk groups (e.g. Travellers) CONTRA INDICATIO! S TO VACCINATIONS All infants should be immunised except in these situations + asevere hypersensitivity reaction + Known allergy to vaccine component * BCG or Yellow fever vaccine to infant that exhibit the signs and symptoms of AIDS + Persons with impaired’ immunity+ Symptomatic HIV infection SCHOOL HEALTH AND NUTRITION Existing schoo! health and nutritional activities include: * both boys and girls receiving one TT dose upon enrolment + Additional TT doses to be given to school girls of child bearing + A dose of BCG should be given if there is no scar Vilamin A suppiements to be n and mebendazole 19 be given every 6 months for SUMMARY We defined immunisation terms such as Antigen and antibody, we also discussed she of immunisation e.g,, a vaccine should not be given at a younger age than ind-cat the schedule, we also listed the target groups for immunisation, the contra invlications in nunisation and finally but not the least we discussed the schoo! health activities in relation to immunisation. CONCLUSION Vaccines have helped in reducing the prevalence of communicable diseases ‘ike measles. tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, tetanus as well as Haemophilus influenzae type 13. Others are diphtheria, Pertussis and hepatitis B. Hence health workers should encourage mothers to take their children for vaccination and also teach them the importance of being vaceinate¢ Ass Discuss the imoorance of Vaccinations to under five children. due next class sessi