iC Layout Basics A Practical Guide Christopher Saint Judy Saint Sele | Seo | Sper | Spine | Temeomg Caring Petion Dat espe de ‘potbace ap ide / Chritepe Sait ay Si she tppc feenes ns, Nouri ak pe, Aig sstlees Sai Ay Tie ‘raw Hill ae 11 200 Crip Sat tye. Alisa Pet in 1B Sais orancts Ep emis cer bated Se Const Fam rmetine pbc ay mm Sa et ‘ora ie Hera90p0cn0c07654321 crn er i sk we Sphere sig aperior SS Seoul pods prinr nes Ser Sn “Shomasne sre pnts prog Fre r= ‘Sins ied ne mois tan al To [Si otary ata phos bran nd eer Skin repmti am een ng no ‘ett seg mor ees ‘ei eae of pepe pal eld ah [ec this wk othe night of De Alan Hagen Alm spted the fat that [as nt very capable in he len room. nd {ocouragn meta pursue ate hat smal neste me Sine rtine Ihave bees ornate eough ono doa siagl ys wrk [pay with some of he lane biggest mos expensive os, and people ‘seul py efor Thanks, lan, ee ‘Notony ths, bat ue cooks up aman bares tayContents Cape even ‘peng Thos forte Reader Oppo dmac—Lies Repel aro Bat Schemas 3 ‘Sct Fra Ol Law 3 Koratogs Lowe 6 Gra Digram Smiols * Constr neater Semicon § ‘Sceior Maal 11 Pipe Maral 13 Px lancom tt The Petal Beier 1S Conlin Flow ace he Samer 16 Doo appesnons 2 Seviomlasr Swicbes 2 Tughinge Bd? Tre Bell er 22 akg an FET 26 Soling Our Swit 25 Estace ver Deaton Compenenary Steer 30 SWelsnd Saberae Conus 50 Bulding Lape Ceuts 31 Urge ara Loge Sate 31a dere ae” 13 ca i City “ygneiiee continstan oe cetyaos Seca Gra canttee in Comte erase eect e oe aris yee Q The levee Rectangle 47 ‘Guner revee Maing ie Base 1 ‘Opening Towson Restaee Chiteng Ler Composition 52 Ineoducion a Resin implant 32 Meninng Retin S Disa 3 ah and Leng 148 Adige sper 34 (Carer f Sramet 46 ‘all Depniion 55 ‘OhmesperSnare aie 150 Chama hor Depo 88 Daring te Renta Forlag Poly Ressr SS Ose Gh 5 ase Resior pv 135 ‘Spann 37 Comact Berane 158 Baposton 58 Changing Baty Mati! 108 Reming ater 58 el hoe Rena Aras 173 Phcehogaahy $8 Dela Efe o the Cont 17 Baliag cup 6 Deis Epes othe Bo 173 ‘Coins Hole 61 Dela Eft othe Head 174 eng Blick 3 ‘Sprang Restnance 176 Plan 5 The Big OMAG-Goh Tal Rentance zon 180 ‘Sion Did axa Mask 65 cal Minima Resse Se 8 seiAlered Gur 66 ‘ene Options fr Ress 182 Goruroe Water Prsesing 69 "igh RasteanceLan Prion 182 Heres Whar Weve sarees 71 los Rearing Pron 188 Checking Cent Deas Makes Yous Sapeies185 jas enna Dg iat fees on Reiser Tlource 190 Canter ion 101 Wate aoe ferances 199 Gpeag Tease HOS Using Evising Mtr Vera at No Con 92 Sree Dowie Ply 196 ‘Splng Lng Dees 106 BiplareMOS 106 Sour Dri Stang 11 Clonreoa Resiarse 196 Dove Conseco Tcmiane 11S He War Weve Learn 198 Compact get 119 Aplisaion oT on ou Ove 197“Cher Prvicw_208 a Cpeting Togs 0a Capucinnce 205 Capac Reven 208 ‘apatior Prpers_ 20 Catasg Capscianee 210 “ree Capoctance 210, Prien Capac 2 Wwe Capasso ‘Pirate Capac 216 Meal Capcton 217 "Sacad Metal Capaciors 218 de Capac 20 Cosre on Capciace 219 Hees Wat Weve Lexa 219 ‘hap Prview 21 pening Thee on Bgl Tristar 231 ‘hoor of Operon 22 ‘Siri ET 222 Hwan NPN Wore 2 ‘versal Pressing = ‘Swick da Compr: FET os. NPN Comsmacion of nes 228 Puss NPS 251 PePrrnsisors 22 anal PNP 282 ‘Carver Tastoning fom CMOS Layout 24 "hunter of alee 24 ‘Rock Box Pacment 256 Clone on Bla Tams 236 oct wat ve Lees 237 ‘Chaperone peg Towa ides 239 StpecetDde300 Tp De 20 Siler Pm ode 241 Nac Bade 240 7 Spvil Laut Consdeoas Si Piper Dade 250 Haws What Weve Leread 251 cnaptess Chap Price ‘pening Tighe on acucince 253 ‘Shap Some C-section 256 Spit nducors 29 Inder Guay 20 Sextet 26 Prosi Eis 26 Tees What Weve sural 267 Supjontettecing nt Rvearns 28Introduction 1C ot ery ne fe Mas vies as ee ith 30. Yrs, ‘as al tesa bre onside» poston. Pople mang 9 mee ito tat pofeson-new cllge grins ad people waning 2 caret ‘hanger toqed 10 Know sone eee complied pom, Likes espera naeiner i te campy foes cesta equtesaneveaceasng ulesanlly of oe fnganena oninga reece a coves everyone nets wk has psa am fen diel ole eon of aro ter woke bey {ouch co sme 0 the fanaa hat 2 ao des bald bao, Bu empl sverige ln oe plas hasnt been se IC Lye Bats Practeal Gules ge at We wan ogee laut sige ls ery and sie weg they ned to ce Produce and pies revue he an refer aig ars Wo ts wart © ghe expsenced get rotesona a Reese dee a demanding of the components cog eae dy “hie bok eine with are emia hors cons hohe ecopment td Gna fhe ction devs wed a der er dtr press I gether Sagres vc sgh o> ‘hows etnus and etl pertoring IC got at Seal ve alle toupee ecu Infirm presented inmost ad wel pce! sens! AAncles andi pie epee apd me he ev Bey pos laces naan, wibeut sempeomisas he aay ofthe hel Wc Chrscpbe Sent “hd SatIC Layout Basics A Practical Guideca i pe of eon ma 3 porns of he jn bet 2anlite a regular switch hat can ny eon a semionsuetor wich ane on fr Somevtte in erwen. This semiconductor swith called Sranseor. In his chapter, we wil bald» wansistor sich fom smsonductor materi, ‘hen se taneaors to develop gi eet. (Chip design Begins wih he proces development tea, conn thowzh ‘our crt digo, and end th ou the lve engineer wae integral othe successful mama of new cis. fy can design your ont wth nore inoedg, creat) and eficieny, Ju ‘Grease your compory wilion of dolar: Yur chp il end 2 work ‘eter than expt gh of th afer ef time They wil fen be Pmllor than fe design she next lyon engineer might have draw. Yu ‘il atch and corect disastrous mises Before production Tou can be immense valuable to your compa aa good eet engineer. paralria telat pon in th pain bjore acne producon Convantions Used in Tis Book 1 Diagrams wil te dav sowing the wid oa materi she verte al eimenson an¢ leat the herizonal 18 Current wil be ansumed te be Hong rom he ef eg othe ight ‘digs unl sed oterwie. 1 The word he" all mascln references, sal node the word he” oh ppropsite feminine reference 1 stations ae insacional only end donot porcy al el elements or proportions actaiy iced ns process Wee kecping i simple. 18 The reader rei a sense of humor, enjoy eadig or book and ep work a fun as possible. Abays lok forthe undiscovered. There be tito hee, Sed Felowing is some sc ut teary fr your quick reference, We oly pes ‘Sten overview ths poi, Readers ar enpected ala’ be Faria Wath “ince ges dec yl ei rh eer hr aoe usec guns and concep. Ifyou need more ap with hese sc the ibloprap for sug Ture eeigs Opposites ktrect—Likos Repel Remember the pase “Opposes Anzac.” Materials of opposite sgn v (polariy) wil anret cach eter, whe Like sign wil yee. For ext ‘ome wih postive charges wil aac other at ith agave cha ‘ven ata distance, These same postive atoms wil pe toms wi ike ‘he cares, alo at a dite. Opposites atract. Without his weied lew of mane, the anesome circuits you wil se in ook would ot work want to bn wy loco arc! and repel aa ditance mea real tn: How canon ite lcm have the atest ea abot the net doc Ieihborclecron? In fac pase and negative charges arent ever if Ferns, thre ont diferent mer of electrons. Thy shaun iw ‘rything abou tha. They can coun. And wy an we see gry? And magnets should’ work ihr! And Yoho ely is pas the infin of ace? And what thet ry white hu dea Hovee cuts? 1 a rusratng world Judy nls of e Basie Schematic Figure 1-1. ge resin ond ore al exit gtr in Vote, measured in ot, Resstaee, Rs mesued it ohms. Caren, is measured in amperes, o amps.pee remmeriniee)) ahs owt | tet) RY RY 22 Ta iter em sotage na ces cet Weanenene = emt t ee Jel Formulas ‘cre na pualel dee Pek Yori oc pa. ‘orleans pull ou ‘Simpy pu O's Law ses ht volage is gua esate mpd eee ‘aon of is enti ar row isa comenie: ange help you Ree our VIR forms erik 1 latte top oft ang you aves se vlogs 18 The tion 09 coer ate ays creat and restance. 18 You ok at tale rend youl of the fem. 18 Ue our Finger coverihe tem tobe dering 18 Theremin no tes aunateal fmt apron ato, on’ you witha raul ne iss? Abad v v we aeate RR ee ea STs Vlage Lm ste hat ll vokage dos clo sist 4 ap wo the tel vole apie the cv, not word ts you pul il egal he lege Sop ta ose Sa Sols Current Law sates at hears cue ing tne la po se acres tang te anton hehehth+ a eas tain any pu ving seme cet ing in a some a ‘these oun ms bets Re another ean fn allot oe fr eampl. ang aca La ahr Bring, a ee ratios can be ted taper equations Wi qatio, we can ten oe fr ena. the Inportoce of hasng srs. ou et sate for ohare rae Tha and beng able gt fmm at car ‘m efecey conde capaci and indir esr alogh ‘tots abe sentie ah gueey oh alge seo he Mme 2 Ob Law to compl the hart Below 2 thousand ofa inc {6} 500900000 femmes (2) oss mee 3. Ginen esis comet in pall he a essa ‘he east Rsaor A 100 head Rast B 20 st What if ‘hey nr th 20 chs Wha hey ere a 10 ie Wha 44a cond cia ne bane 4 2V ste, Of uric dvs inte ome dps and ante rope How may ots dws he id serie dp someone challenged you a ths pat ims FO ‘boxe work woud you ce ssp eo” aie ama oF © a 3284 3. 20 tn : shea shea sadi4 Te wl volage mas eu the sum fal he copys voip ‘The ict otug op mat be 2 We wold quence Me Kc ae ‘reek Diagram symbots ici rt re tm commen Syméots Stem feces =a) oe BE income = AR me © at ee 3 a OQ —— Kane Sh cme nee ‘A canductor let ro los hl ae abe omar elude te intent of ola, The on rted ae nae af etre animus oo sane The eons el od in as fn ott same Thy ace ale ot on Suds Sic (ots pseu pone fr mal coda eit. ‘A semondactor a lor hat sc the veg feng sonst Goenotnced mach eens cons sci Hee he ae ‘cour Ge eating paral For xample ot aig eink tempera few Serer conse te ay coda ie etic ‘Wetould aso hme ald semintor et 2 oe ks awed wah {Sint mae Seicoanors en Conductor Semiconductor ice 14 Howls mcr cmc pnd mb tte ea id wy ma iri lat sp conducting whee ‘th en we cnet rl do wal chs forse could (Stars an of Sccl dovoe cto mak gsi aed ater The poss cer ends when we ae se cool co Jim mush ween cei Tash power sen os Ug sem Before we ons undstun the properin fa emicndt,w foandesan forte abn he nate of some ha ot (hs Since we arn cone! wi ying tw muvee {ns conned nancy Et reso toe Aa Tey mle Theory sta eons cn ny ext arin en SXooding tv mls, These ts te 5 shell Tse shel far tke te of sles around the Eat Tm sue ove ‘Sesto sls 008 te edt to get aml to moe fer one sl fe eet {Se cop tte clon, ines Sve 5010 peak As wea ee ‘er cecil np dont the et abe sel nce an {Ton cathe Gos enery level we cna cond eles f‘npr erate srl helen te sen ey ‘ee as olin the cya pte Aste era's epee "nein thelr fo iat By the ine we gto er emp ‘heaters cach to gv some eens ue ermal {Ye ek fe and jmp ioe cantar and smear he resty of pre son a room seperti, we se hat Ufa mec high ae at il coc oe ecisy prey the ran thraly genera enccon Dane eens tha ae we ue sin is vt aly very conde in is aw frm. ere 10 eu eis om slicon, ee oS Se sl well hon ts ta il alw more eso oe Bee tenons trp By coemling the atom of thswinpartes, we cn con ese {eit ened mane, ces of ining the pusio known 2 pag We wl vias meds of ping semiconducting The me ‘Sito imac se impo are cll te dapat And er ese oe tenseles welt some god unin ela + et ston, we wll show out doping pots to ake ro ‘Sotsemicnieing ater On ttt ers cece 2 anther tees deo, We wil thes cool th sunt f caret flowing ‘Shtsae no mitre Evenly we wil scebow sich cane mae ‘tact pe Material ave dane cys ae bul fie, fy Ines. Rows ad ons ‘all ety ee up ea cet ors mane A of he ts ae ‘ocach te evelyn he be ofthe cst aie, each ale ‘evils wit surousing tums There spars cr eit. "Secon has bonding pret Thats pu sion Jou, er 11 Oe ofan ak ‘pl i very apd inet in hi tat Tere ey fw andy ‘See tors tr cs ht we ct we fr condor ones on avi, we wl prea fv move elerons > be ale 0 how aah rye, Whar anne Jot fe some more eens fom is Lereplace one on of son witha iret leat ope, We will team comet ht wil watt bund with be rang sn, bt wll ind tt hast one oo ay eos fer acomfrabe fi ‘Pie 1, On ico ao tn pase yan ao ening ci ci eso lon aha oon ree “nasheed shouting Tn Fe! Ta Fre! ean do wav van” mal ing abo gt reine ae fe sco ry We ms coos thi sow sm cor: ih ct ht ig we wont thie maa good ayn Wal mage he ice The bnds il Tata place acs he atom seeds to ve the eh pambe Dod, ‘heen mum of toes. By adn jt right mgr ne ae ensued at we hve fe ecton Cicer all indo al of tne Noting eo cane, We no have 3 ee claton to sme ul ui We ca puta voage sco hs Cy ‘Slike hs clean sel Frm ne he of he rst tee Since the age on our fs, elng lst is cose sez it rangement of sens Incense 8 Type materi Wor Nogarve (Nee ‘he wtd“teskered” Hive ou eer ela thre isn se ts eave? Is joa hgh) ype Materat Lat tke tte sco so oof he chk festa pin, et i ine ‘plc wth an som th ha soe econ than co, ati cate, Westein loons acoder sel or and Elston ta hod ‘elope ae sid 0 be In the valence band ese the th en 0 move el aman san ob nth conden band sons inthe condovion bana he eons ha lows ey sand he oct and alee hands tse oshing oer 1 One mune ou sce the cton balding the a pea he tine decide jump ino the sndaron dT ent he ‘sin the matrialcn be asl escearaged nc and comet ‘come conde unten of een rece alos) ina, te coeducion and valence ands ae vey far prt. The ‘y nenkd fo pashan elton form he valerate ncion is very high Sg in cee he material wl dso a ce cots iv enough tt 1 jp ni con Tat hy Jods ‘elton fe move Soin a an alco. thug he coniton nd ales tnde rth Sse ‘et We oly ned a all ous of nergy make ou cero arp Tene 8c ih es bd of econ ca Me ‘0 xcapd me honda ii mas ‘mach me aca endanger his ws Scone an men it very itl ener eieece eres i bccn anda sence Dn Ti stall eens meals ita oy Uiarmaterferarein IC, Not mek ont cesar encougs be ‘eos elcome te hg and, ein tes wp fr snd eo ‘tesileve Lacy in wy sun i ot ar nt 0 ty tern often ae ran of i te Oe ‘Soe SO), Tracom ale oper oe stared ec ae by Be ‘Stor ede Tesch Ms Cnn sew ali eas w ieee ke Te sh fee epson peel se re gre Tete of eye en i in an a, Now fe wee neh mle upon wrny gerbe ait we woud come bs inet to fib wo nen aos aly ripped fom our tne of sand We wuld te et nth jet done 8 ‘om Tes cara be dove inthe bb on sie ft gst nin oie tei {age onal ike one Tien pre mtr hse eos ‘Sn be merely cose ino osrng et bp. as we wl se blo Pee 1 ayia re‘er thee ht ee in the way. Tey ca et nr he te side Tene beeen th PandN Type mei ls Pal Bare, lap piece oP Type mse a ple of Type mater ew ‘ga PN Jencon cant our crs move a0 te PN jt, in eth mel? sn we chose oro put, We Were Yer cil. On the N le, me tied ements whose dacroetd owe cont egy eves On 2 id we implied elements whose cto ba shy Nghe So lon eng lees: Ou er laos one Ns ein we ty than is esd bye choosy ale The Pacer jh gh si tac ed now at sae ee in te system pu ke ‘Setons oe th nc w alte desiny. Tee Sey we tore can up vero he The tna We en con mambo fp wig eligi fg np Te on Kee N ELI, ssn mara nae a ne ‘can we ge the aon coy tht wil ick them vet fe? iat an cy oe to asuer Ne a ener to suey spins tage actos omen, Lets ack at ate rolling Flow acros the Baror 2s see he vos acs then, eons inh Np mae: ‘have eng net overt as Cue wl tf ow fons wil go ne wey tebe wil go he ter mana mace of Sip Sion connec te aero cots sea eon |Past aco th PS unt. Remember ha the cian of wae of elcrons sey ope te secon oft of curr, Conentonal lw, sen in ceric ie {ms erythro etal eof Pople i aad lng time sg and wish ances woul fe (Ob we, Cues msif'ou alder: Tae main pot jt ag Tobe naked nh epee dnc an the ict aca Faw ‘ere 17 opting tg wt iow Nese ‘omen aoe on ape ae eater working to lang sou sant thik outhavethe caren acon, ou pra ‘on ook a aga ee ‘As ou bexin apy poste vage oe P Type mater he eens Inthe Type mata wil be tated to» presi Sao. Th N Tyee. tone wll be gen more erg dew the ptr tacon Aste poste Volge increases te lero wil get mote abd ne nd to i ce betwen eo eee) Baa wl dea Ast ney bn gt ose tema ene in these i a ph flees andor onthe ik They wl unto Ta coc Sones ben locas the ape ota eter wl enti o nereae the ance ite seco ut alte ln ve enough cong os earsi poi he ncn contig fly: Wesew hae ares The a [Bsns nay wi he vos 205 sn uns s in sco, ite si be Forma Bae Holes se Ing orn ces th jenn, seen ae ming aed ese ease or aig en the crest oy Filly ss itesog ine fon Everly te amout of ret ees of 2nd cones level ae cae he stration current. Your geing sc ar ‘you econ Fre 1-18 er icon lg he er if ou rt ones eben he fer ay, ou we Be {ey cap um th de tend ead of cing the i ‘ip eomay and, ne mele be ncreing to fect even rhe ‘he wold bgp. Naieg menes I ais toning codon te ‘son ivan be Revere Bane ‘ice ne age enough in hi rere ecton Nowe, 3 Ft "beseech ust ges up and reas in sun cod ‘Tha the Rovers Breakdena Volage The reve choo Og sie tpl equ ten nC. So, ms fou pepe, {an cmaiira thee ced juin ob og. ‘Arse hae jacton sy wel na IC, We wl why at. ‘jus me te meting So wits he car ni cane ep ‘de seems codons. An ih the oly ht ou 3 ‘This jencton vers P and N ters swt weal inde. Caren wil ‘ny fow mone dest, ae i lst, (Geary ede spd fr nde: Tint ales he pal ce 6 renee + 7 Pia 11, Woe de mb psa PY sion ‘ors. 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Even if you vie sot ton over ap.‘stake ext he same ih lb crest, bet ined of ou ges fc wel pcan independent vohage ney. Make ita varie vole ‘our cue gram we wil bol ou ch wth eile push {at yore remembers Far 112. Te ml or a mona cho a he (Sea brtlw airuked lae wecan mak sich at woul tr tha ih bulb on si of dpending ‘ac vtuge ne me paced he ine, we cul contol a ig xing cya of agar We tala ny w use olag tallow or di ow conduction 0 enor clea ch ‘ey bee’ te mor, Pat semioosror ere Ne ae ale sen at ‘Econnety of iced can be coal Sometimes Gey wil ‘edness hy wil ot Tht sounds hes wrk sich me It’ ne il do, We wl we Senscondeing mee a sith 1 tenet eon, we wl cae bya semicon works ke gee {ating ane epsing on ae volage. We wil out een eee ‘nic opt te sich Tol nena No energy pe. Aneesoks ng- ‘eniondncto every itrtng proper. On pricy weil pope ‘pi moon he Fld Eee. fre take pies of Type semiotic marl al apy og cos {Une wil pete caveat on Lets lc yolg cre semiondin, st ve uching Le make ‘peste Taevologs stata he ecto ne ericoeduto, ve st Since, Open ta, member “Ths fet of he ety volags ei gtd fl of lectin the N ‘ype mater Such onthe epee erated frm Sane shed a ER ‘The cle ld rhe ola eis has fete incensed aber loons arth seacecihe econo an cose eS ‘ce dog mer sce) the essance ops ne Bt re ere ‘Tassils ante sich bough We wants sop sn Dowig tac ee Fee 1-2. he seman atl x faeces ‘dernier cl ot era ‘Now et plies eave ole marth semisonSaer material Allee ee fone sara, "Lewontin thy lps oe be te (Ck Charge Repel) Ou arate vlnge, sty bing cose he secon terse pest ctor sy By pain eton yee eect reing oes P Type mae ar os nea eae a ‘As ou incense he acetive vlge, evenly or and mere hls seme fac Th rr pos ated pa ‘When we Fall hve peed nouth ype marin hein act made ‘mo PN janes aoe fe mile ofr semscnsut One facto od bite bi the oer se Hamed We hve ered ar eons ‘not sees isd PN jason easy No ere 36 fede ee he en std hee ofAtl irc ne ne Ben sarching ft All we did was me epg Aeige ne ta piece of ict ad PN unions pop pea of Tih movies, Now were stag smear soar ae Boe ee | ls ‘> a) - i" nw ‘pete coat sige rs ape Making an FET ‘We nom have the cpt of caging N The semiconéctor mate nt ype md tack gin sy chang arent voli The eft of is ‘eu sls treo off sear on thcgh he semicon. Tis decals Feld Ee Transior FET) Ler he varius part fhe nso ne just mae When our eso ON, aston win fo on nt ale soar Thy fl eat tren cle th ran Te ous and nae et Changs The ply of ur cage ars he nso ermine whch nds soont tnd which nit din ‘The emi we ue toagply au sat consaing volgen te hil oft coronas Gate The ee, Ga. pci esi pss osha voluge co ths Gate eres the el fc ‘Wh mal Ot otage we willy genet a sl el AS as we ‘rlony guests sal PType ree: Some ecros can sl gt ogy Theree ema With ada age. wecan ier hc moe of he sm {erp lunge No Pl te eso mack Pape nto eens ae ev tiugh tal Onc Pf apn eer th fhe sion {ec call pinched fl puting your fot n= xpi As ou ch THe hsp drm, the ter wl sop Downe “Ths very fea fom a regalar mechanical ight swith Tow regula sich be rvch ws edhe on oof There no mil rue Ina aie {tre ras an Ben, of or somewhere. asa, Field effect cs oy a iors 26 Te fh emote marl erg we tment Gna ih ag ld pc of ‘re fowl Jt ne sani fin we ed iad 2 ay oma ech of a ‘Sto th we en tun on nd of ener me mar. Lahaye have he ih le we waa to tr on india, We noe See ip alls Weed try ew ne most ely eat Sits? Peting cach no awn lic pacage expe Lass ‘easly make te vnision atthe same ine fom singe ple ee ‘Wea eed we se hat ar he nso ae ndopenit fom ih: Afr alle 6 ot wees wan al fou it bulbs oa 00 Sesame ne ‘This sound tee per job for «PR jun You wee ju about 0 nt very thing, ner sou Revere ited PN juss eat be ed lt reas where you wat cool he Now of eae Int kot ret fem Boing ta Tht il esp or he ee sopra See echt, ven th hy Sie ue sien be Make og sip of i ou acon. Pat P wherever you vat 6 eto Peese of Wen he ext plc of §- Thi ghes 3 le asi ‘row fom te sme sp of X. Camere par yet xsing proces, ‘pea ell Tis ses you a of mon. Wel nto personaly Yo ‘cpa.P ey 27, cae Paco runs ach eterna’ ‘koe te masinors. We Bae Pye mail ure Eee, Tine a de conplecly suranuiog our wats le sph abe {in and unermeat A PN jncon can gre you soliion inal econ ead we Pw spurt segments oN meal a mestoned above Ox Shear withsoreting ha cepts Pope hot Sob Spe, ‘jnboe Thes we soul ned euler epions of Net ioe? rach other ye PN econ ct ocd te do om i ae our ate teil ete utc of ‘Shem eheN marlon nd The my pole wah a Four Gate woul st tte milo or tarstor Nets pod en. We je fabri voltage Gales oe the tap of ech N region Dt seracthing ing nid fs yet ee priced The Ges tt tend othe sarc of esleon ‘eto place avr thn insur Sete the sico abd ou Gate The ert btn ee I we wert st or Cito fry ten he ‘Seti willbe oo weak. Lets et te Gaia night ease. _sthagpans hr son doce very gb nto, een when 8 ey hi, Weare bung ou casio cu of licen ayes, een Sry, ape, ou bt the licen op te crys te «ihe sien, ging you sion doe ned do sme fy sun therein 0 cont! where you art subse orate Prey ny ie nator. punta we taeheconeerting on Nps Threshing {oops om makings wamitarofP ype mer. A? ape nnd tabebaitinasNiperepion however We needs slot Pype anes ffomeath hero ase That wy the ae alin an ego, The lan fromthe der asin Bath NThpeandFijpe mr wel a stor ces Wt here gou hve Tar a ai eld ea tant FET, len om Semcedcr bear Nowe haves wa ou cet fw on nd af ar ‘only Fm ive, you can don ccisenaking et Wel ea feeder at he nd of hap Inte nese, ne ils how th bs FET canbe moe cca, ina way ha rake curving Sacer Mach tr Ma, ae. Inte diag elo, we ser as FET? The Phe mel les he N Tape ‘er The Gang on cont th fii nh seed If {he volug one Gate made sine, weet he ner he {oie ido? pe mater seated The sce ht cy the cet a ur Type mata een eared or dept inthe cee elon of he asi A weir eer he metodo pesto cals Narmally Depletion Mode-Single Strip of N OE, Tr 7 TONEK EN. P ge nat a hn al sk eee ‘po de PE no on of ee ‘we 1-3, Sch mee ll hr Go “tes ae‘on, 2 Depletion Made tansio. They ate simp, bse rughtfovard Smipesenhpe materi jus os we have ued up itl now in this ook Ce of te mest imporan actrsin mer ranssor cies isthe ped at (ich he wensisor ca tum on and of A wansstor wi a ae ld eon TRine center will ke more time Yo fr on and of as there more en | equted moving the eleroons and oles around a age area Ii therefore ‘Eile toy to make the centerfield egion. de Gate rein, sal os ‘owl n onder to maks he wanssor sch a gui as posi ‘A Depiction Mose asst uch as wave made fa ues from ob ibm Lenka the diagram ht uses tefl flex Aste el increase, itapeas ont from the Gate, The il ets bigge" Te act oppose of what tecaskA smaller fed would sick fer Ho can we overeome this probe Tem? Now hae were somebody was vey lever Instead of making lag ip of' Type mater ten placing the ate over {he tapet it esse down the Carat thenane to reves the siicon nde rth fom being impaneg with N- Lee show you why this is lever Wath te Gat already placed in poston before we pat our N mai ne Fane a tual protection inthe midle ion of cur ae transis. We can ow bombard te surface of our P Tye sion with Type xoms nd pa perfectly aligod pir of 8 Type reins a either sie of ous Gat, bu ot deme That the ket, ‘ur the Gate is hit by he N atoms wl, a he Gaara hick ad nly the srace pets feted. Nota pole. For a more dead deseipcon tho iis stom brn! or Implantation ors se the ex hater ‘So, nw we lle he P Type rian sty undereth ou Ge ins tf anh Type retin, Tsou ta we ave to sea postive vag ver the Gate repion nated of = neste vase. ‘Lok at Figte 1-30 dst a before the eld eet seeds int the ceion unde the Gate With postive vege othe Gate, the undying P Type rari changes io N Type. The N rei spreads ot uni itches the N ‘epions herd od we arto gta coainosN rei eed. The a $Ssoris ow tore on ‘Th easier stars nally ian OF sae and chang into an On ste With postive Gate votage, we are atrarng electors. This enhances he regi oteen the source abd ain ‘This pe of tans is Normally Of called an Enhancement Mode ‘nino named forthe enhance ein isthe ener The oer sf op- cy a eof a he ee Ne sore on 8 onthe Ga during poe enhancement Mode-Separated 10cks OFM a zy HE or poe y vena he Ge fs, fe Wingo com gue 4, ft mae Ge fit 8 eee Fn aso fms rhe a pani nthas asia GE csus ely Neat we NOTE A) ‘Tei tects a ay as we Use HE TENE region at Jes ‘We wl be wing enkaneome eens we cia bs a —_ f ven mes de, wiht ce oe oo ve sill can ly turn current ‘Sie ian TS ES ar se ae ‘aoa ut omit trum bc AND tt wet oh a mnt re sa da eed AND ad OR Seon ein or ee hin Negation sel Hee coe ee Gate voltage cn COME: from fancy a a a aro yn doe a esse 90 Tein for le some fae st eee we wiht of mi c earen [Complementary Switches huts even more useful than Enhancement Mode is whats called ‘plementary Metal Oxide Semiconducay, known 25 CMOS, batdo we een when we say the word Complementary? As you recall an Fe tnsisor anit a pote velage rn tn, but a Type eansitor| ‘ls a egatve volaget um ton. Te wo tps of wanton ae bh oa {off itches, but tur an and of inexact the opposite fain In that 1 tbe tasty complemen! each ose They Work together as perfectly ‘ated eam, jas Uke Late nd Hary* Most ofthe der TC ody CMOS a thei basi etalon. ‘pe and N Type devices are known a complementary rast. I we see ther ransnor net dor each oe, we ca stat ald sei it Eis Webave to wire them up corecty of souse—just lacing them ato hotter we do ue much good Ge ae oily y P N P TN P Fire 1-3, inplasting Par se pf Gato inplanting N ‘noun teh Cae form complemen ches. 'N Well and Substrate Contacts ‘ere is one ia shingle to consider before we can tart sing these devs, cook agin athe P type device. thas a region of N type material thats jut ‘ing thre, ot doing much. Likewise P ype aubeats mateal has on ‘aloes, ot doing much If we ae ot cae, these wo regions ould sxclop some volae. Tis yluge could come fom say cures that ve ‘lod ot of our eal devices. The PN juin formed from te F 97 ‘ie N region could become Fervard Bie. All Sons of etstopic ngs ea apres We ned casita these to resins can aves Become Forwad Biased The best wy od ths io intentionally Reverse sas thr. We ned 1909. rete subse othe mst negative poesia i ou ut, stl te nep- tne suppy: and cones ke N region of ou ype device oe most posse otal creel, ual the postive spp ‘The N type sion is iy dep, lke ¢ water well Three, the region i uly refered to aban N Welk tb, The device is built 2 tub of N ope cision. Every devie in our cucu must have i wel ot fsa eto th comet potenti. Some echoes so ve a Seco IP Well fr the N pe devices tobe ulin. A twoel process amcor mon, ough sve =] = a Bae Ley ce “Flgure 112 Nl comect psi power pe PO comets The contacts ne need wad te Known as N Well Contacts and Substrate Contacts. We wil dacus more abou attra: ter chars. Even ith fur well and subset othe soret split i ila chace that ‘Srot operon wl aie the wellsabsuat uncon to Forward Bias. This phenoniaon i called Lathe, which can ean a hi to dic hon. [Now weve rent too all sts of things using Complementary sith. ‘Yo beamed a the wrk thes lite things cand. Le’ see we can get ‘hem to move piano up a lang outdoor Hight of i ‘Wehave messed round wit ight bulb ong enough We will now see how to {Se amiss to ene cic ht ean perfom binary loge Fansas. Using Voltage as a Logie State Upto tis pong, we have bees using our ranssiors fo turn on an off curren. “However, ng caret to rpeset 8 bniy tale i very wae of power ‘ie woul quickly wear down our Baty sf we used cue 0 Fepresent 8 soeia,‘Using vtnge represen itary ae wots mich ter Remeber (CMOS tani are operated y value so ifwe can design eu ta ‘esas fo sith Wau intend of caer thn mec ee ee ‘cist vith each te Ife ca gt or cease nich cach er, then we can sig all of ut lage cote gte no auch gaa Sichig vole als has moter avenge. Curent wil only fo in ot ‘cu drag th ine tate ras ashing Once he sss ne changl ste, cvten il Dn. Tha ser he bry. Now ee ‘tant sme ogi devises mad sing CMOS tats, (M05 Lose circuits We wanto make a cu ht es lary li rch bung a asa tog can een cr ary ale ang age st, Let epee cur tary oe byte postin at veg, nd cur bnry zevicbtey yeu lige Fc lew olga bce lec ned lope ae Ie cone! our CMOS aves ith tan own te Gaga below, ‘what happens Trace ugh te agra mpi a hgh whage tne) ‘pried the joined Ges. Use What Jou hzow abst cvlementay ‘Sched sce wt you ge Then yi aesinmgpnng sh woe op ‘hey lest ene Ges Now, wht do you ge Pure 1. ine Copeman tf te ig omen ‘soap ame ] pecomittey | a The Gates ofthe N od P Tape wastes eolned ngs oth Gate “nite bir se volage apd atthe ane ine. Remeber oprtit (rEnbncd Mode canssore Nye deve ton when pong {solid o hei Ges and P Type devices tu on whens mpeg ‘sop th Gates 1 we comet te to Gast the postive sup— arene lope one—ata Pie 1-4 ore wi igh le 8 comm the ‘The de wi mo bce we ne ee aie 9 Gate What happen ath Pei? The Pde reas inna Sat (The device woud aed pie volage pear be Ge mod terion) Nisan Piso ‘The ro devs ine source cone. This means te din ons testo icone suc fear nse This es (inmor oupeIrwe measur he ole thi common ouput oD ‘ilo he reaive welge of be tena lope o—comingrogh Are conn the Gates the este side ofthe Bateey— lp 0 ‘at appens? “Te P device tus co bese ne hve pid eptive volug ft ‘Whethapen te deve The N de remais nna ff (he N doce woud ned» postive vlogs apd at he Gate moder incr) Pison NisaFeu 13 Ire hai eco in the wo devices he hei soue-tis sonnet Sof ne mene ‘elage tte common cap, wl ete pine age oe Fynalopc ane—cosing hgh the Pde sco ou mice tat zroin ges nt ua ne in ire 20 ou reese lie sa So ine he shove sae we hav ben al to eet wh sttsan Tere Th ct verb ogi eats conse Th inp ges on out Low op ges high apa A ne te tyne ih a im tes. On fin nical A Si ets Ina shet of ppt witout oo 1 repo te ier haat as appear inh callow phe el of Jour Taning io convince youself oa hat ren cnet Then am it sae ne bask af you seed mbt ep ying il you ca jot itt 250) ine erie who ang yt same tig at thee fe cipit ace you a en systems ‘Sate mae compe. Ite mae ee ou Jou ld te ‘on ough te drevitgs acc You a hem Do tht ay, mary ine, and oon you wil ve oy sew pel Pant ckeon rl pear or besoming imal oes sete op of ise deve. ‘The Gt comaions ar sly hou of the devs inp, andthe ce ‘ton sours eneson al eg fe device up Irae saw somes 8 overs tpeter at hp? You ca te py ‘ih th up For armen js ea on (Ohtake ine rs [ieee un prapre Hore, hip ou Wine he up fhe Ns ‘came the puto the next Sp. Ti in ates Dew a pate) “Tessa iene ip ata om oul of ie evs ‘Act arte scod aver sence. tl peing 4 one ‘poled even though sting pli! tough tants caer than Seety fom bette el ame om ee one dee ‘ur fal pat tia en ier ice Highness high cu. Low in hess low oct An meneristhe singlet om fei Gat Evry micropostsar ath ‘Shut oft inde Aninenerby el, ough, sot allow 50 0 ey inch: Cheng bream hgh a ow only ining for an, ve scone vain som, We pend ete complexed before wean dal moprcese Bel ou wise drama of no ofthe me imei ai ies. Take ‘ew ame amen snes igh vlogs hugh ee sensacai able or ech cu. Bath css have wo Gate apt vase, sn B.Etber one cull be high ot lo, npn ae ae Te satin Z sf youself ar he chert rly et it NAND ao NOR fre ‘asa shown inthe rts High volagegON. sha inte Gata I Low ag OFF sown ine cat a0. woes AND freson defis a one at eges bth A AND Bo eat ‘cone in re for ep be a ogo {owe et AND” egg AND ANAND sintartbomoerntsenm Set aiecoeccoates Decsroruaaaecapa ues fanaa Neinees wyonsiosinese saricbiaeDowange ‘© Ses the chart a 2 input NAND GATE bores Pie 7 Th pe 0 Gate 2 Input NOR GATE nesimeat “Tee OR actions defined aoe tat eis eer A ORB bho be {loi one in rer orth cua oe a2 ae ce NOR eats “nt OR” meaning apres of OR” A NOR sti ite OR fireton who ss ne ee vet Al he opt one for he OR Seu us ee 0d fhe opi nro om he OR cect os, TE “ey tere cry Smeg al he coitus of a B ses. Tae seal doug he Gals as oun ou Tings ons he gam Dee Srp Vers esa So ‘he above theory sti w alteaeaed its, We ve taken some ey pl once sane hem ter 3 Ue ad poe Fo a ing tom acomplia‘The hone ater fn ues et moc of uy nsx alge Cousce Cull pet ch and wal accompanied a hay (Greats. ry feng, Weigh he aks joe Fyne bee eo iow along shee udestand hese ee then outs tive «ea techgou th wile ou ude wha 30 ‘He cing nny oa Ths werd wil ty Wits You tho our profes ifs amas ier dea yuo Be ese a pode teres ofyeur care |. personal fad tes wdersond the procesing chlo ‘hn ou 2 or 3 yer fay complicated proce ps nding wht each Ter dbs es yo ners he choy p= espn eee ply {ow have anderstand wha sou ren. 08 can indy on mand hope. Some of he mes ses lau people ve know 2 0 thomshes someting i, “Ok combine is Difiion he ‘leon ad tha Meal ead ef haig ares dos and ra ‘soe, on Sombie tho ne ne any pice of ye hat hl he io ‘roa con aces you reac cst You get moe he same ae Yo get mor baa rhe bck edo derstand hat he er aru ge sch ing oo ma hangs in ou laa ou dente undead vy bit of ner He econ ping crs PN icin. at goad Bakar fo aking 2 ‘moist I exlains wy he fl ef dos wha dee. ‘Th declopmeni! ack You ond pagel The Ber ou andr ht ae el evre you lb a yo ar aig Wher Say Bcomes ni, ou ink ou ve oon is ee our tie ‘Ta coh tary et noe rales “Theses ape act is hon we he ent st th sion. We ent jae ae ui ftwezets Hon eat thm incense de Sinn egiee Here wt ous thi chaper: 1 and ther ev oem om sees apr ss Defntons ful, cendatrad eminstirs Wy we dope scon Det of Tipe, PT tea PX junction aera ester, ha ‘Using te PN juno ste wns Man sso eet by cng N rp in gt Sern Switchis 1 Fie Efe Tanto 1 Conplenetiy svi, FE Uslog MOS a ogi ice 1 Using votage ead of cette loi tate Scrat 1 NAND ané NOR lpi Gates “Trace ough cc schematic low w determine the Ou Sate, gen ech Stotpt concent chart Wot tenant Sate ae ‘one Bec ght whyEasy 3 Input System, Pere 38. Ea dagen ‘Sexo Letts MEDIUM Medium 3 Input SystemHard 3 Input System r | 1 Easy Cet clo 1 zh Tris tan cay one. This sates & SAND fnton i pat [NAND Gu Altes coe neo ste ON (A, Ba ) i de fr te put gob Al er torr ont lest on Nd, 2 Motiam Diiuty ica ajooeoriid aloo 1 1 @ 04 clo: ot ore zero rxxet tas congue, we Find tht he ston we we do ow ‘thatheooptcan be T= ution then bh ants are OFFA I vey ns ae desn mater Wt happens oC, We cnn ce wa (ia oing tough ne CFF nso nal he hr xs, oo Be Secs 8ON onthe out su ped ough cha This oafigeton sac aa Tso Gates et ply ad lo utheuamisors OX Netw tat A and 8 ae he pp sien Tverd Ourimerer sal ve is 3 Had Cet ajooe erat slo ot too tt clo to tort aint XH Xe x x ‘is confgwation ss ummonty we ouput cls, The me mise (veer be thug us animere hep and bom aston ned (SOCON more r he ener ee” apy volte, When fe Band CSch te ON te anor ove somal al he ote condi, ‘suprise cesoneced “un dcomeved sys sting fered ab T-Shi ahd aWafer Processing an impiy ia aicon eye fe te elaon oto do wot os Thesechanges ne wil so Bow we cn cha ‘Seatewrea ne want AaIC sal sect nse The proce ssw ogi oe fret te IC. Te hip ges ike se nteaton conics ach ep the pots Fs ow eprsese daving Altes rings fact ee, fing treaneseal component ta operate gether firms woig IC chip IC lava the poses of reir the vera Sonal meses the aon er, whch ae thn ue man fens IC chip When IC wer fst fing elope te dings wer paced er pla fim ing vd seta pe. Ec iH eo fm Ty 1 fad to ne ph each oh ately scarey. Today re oe Computer Aided Drang (CAD) ost ee ach ae of url They fal ef ine up eel acca coe “Te guoson “How des what we doi or CAD ol rate what ray tpporing nthe IC oben pcs ner ord Go 9 2D Gavngs rt 3D prodana? Unievandns the psec behind deer resangier il hep fll the prope eign is oat ‘ou mil eon feel camped tls tsk Youu aie {Seprces de ae Sometimes the oat om hse cone hehe Sern weirvery bard nner Te sem mea ot ep $0 wow he ale, bt hy ay net eat oo uc oe a ou ier Ths wy we modo Raw mre tot bw cr ngs eas aed ao wh eam el aver, ere erosion aay bt Someone’ done he efor oh Josh arid aoa tie comes fu ed wi he ‘Mas ot works dane ie this wing petit comporens email eHow mnogo ohare For example ou might ink “Ok Ion carat hs wie. ast Ina an ps hat rn Int can wi ve ofthe a srt hese ip ce fon eben eer. parece este Le ee lec ee ee at ware fob area meres eT eee Dead at ob ceca ba reer ally wien aah fhe ill yout ‘Si ai raed w pe some ceri a ‘Poa tha layer wer a ons a sar manicure, you shoud ego dog 2 -D yu ae nor gh eth esas se mas nyt cape am mr Rar ‘ye Veen Rectan tm ren You chip teeters Seta ok carly seu re of wi 20 mH Sec artes bt onset moe i iit ili te sn ya ot ded wit Ho of 3- a rely dau a sels hese oF SABE ret tees mat ne ‘Nom what oe te CAD to dam achieve hese pe oon es Lh an wt aie view of 8 FET a ipee 31, Lne fom ede“The at anode (et ae) acl at apr a pid Ewing ple They ae mero fal on ofeach the Th eee ‘rib ce oxide hve cpt The Cae cmar ap sd nr te lee Sas of be exe ‘ere #37 oe ale a entre te “he Gate mater nis oan bret con ie wall of ‘misty vice fs Hemevee on your CAD tego wi nt he Undone Aso esta eae peste eee a Jey Thts ny wenee orion rings i Gat going putters ‘yee 3-3 Tp tng Ge marl eed hd sire ron So you san tht to recange ro oe compute Sri ey forma set of cajon, Wi nso Cte mer Ang nm pan Cer th tp hilo sides Onertanpe ewes lee de ‘oo, gh they wl ak den. Reverse 2 ‘ak our “Wha! am ely soning? Does it erence whe Strahl to eae dun te ci OSes ese plas Whar [at tek ef mero beter on op? Or So een a pe ‘he eng lise chemsals sas ea plae™ These te ate ler fe equss tak of te mfr rw, ein each ease al we ‘sok wth ea eangle Hon st nt inoe sat we wan Ho cn he are of wt we wil ge preted, We wil sar by making ssl base for ou hip to sit, “Tomake or tps. w sige crys cont oly one cyst bat supe The Hope Diamond ots ut compara whe 28 OF “The pope ine ab net ier cleer af making cya He you ‘verdict espe wg sere joupute whos bch of spar mo Sate (ors dew Ya dale speech ga of Yropantiecysalvcnly os? Wel hse sgle rsa og They ‘esto nf same (is do ctem f hy dooe ‘out aig at of scm, ni compel en, Above 3 ‘Noing bck vhs sal ser ery acho Ts wa he eal Senders fas gods cha so mop I ef enough {Shwll nou and Thy slow her sod eal he va nh 7 5 3 4 ‘ae 44s on fon gs 0 re a of ‘Ont edocs rise the sn he ater sed ‘Graal cong sor ws er sc hms edo ‘Lica waiter fsa They ing ogeer athe on ‘nce thecal stat © gam the ott Hck th is holing te sod ‘Stal sso edo of he con mek. Ver sew The rs ‘Teemu: gow tiple Evel wha pan a om gle ‘ede comes # age gall he meted slic row euclets Trelis ached fact ies hanging evade oe We en vp with tht Nr corms sgle eves of se, atch he sl a‘his mating ocelot kno ate Cachrahl met of {pont The rachis foray iowa eral plle ence vred a reerch ab wh te inh ab et der 6m [ad otep tse eps pulling machine Ty ake day er thee tng Some of ae ret nb 8 wie and ay otro By theme one hae “The ety cya fi i en sed me in nate sig at (cod Youcadup wa the urd yea sro ea mele One ‘See ealad wmf Ech on if ee wer cole be 250 mon tice gre -5 Thee led naire Sm of hee Fred nes hp late apne se ‘Thewaferithe sera pls al che for Nes nd dts fie ‘Wsane Ouro ship then stn st alr fw eal Jue Ie diamonds, you eat stn esas lng cela planes The cis ‘at be red te sae eon heey tice 9 te aro Fake he wera Ta neta he tice depends ho {tion of tse rye You ne fo mesure he tend etal es Peer i ke soig 3 don lin the seed cyl propel the wa [ipa ila be intrest Cra pling sa fay valle roe Sone posing sep re dependent on cyl cettin. Fr ap ‘tae some Semin eke i wil ch resent fer on ree ‘he srs aie tan hy wl on ante ge Fa eds ae ground ‘Son near wo se fhe wae ergo non ich oy rand “heft ade of he ce pes wo fence pane ain cr cit wean coal hs preferential eching ater are se made f ther aterals bois lion. One example he ‘emitter gallo are, ss kno Gah wich ey SY ae ou can get puss spel ae esse Ga, having afr vl rea ho aren ofthe lace philg Ws a goa Trt ele for alia: sr as me hv ur diner pne—our wale single, oun le cut fm ‘Be cnual Nowy tpn chip nee cme you can a ore next Teiat te se me So hatha wed, Weplace any eis ent ach her all ate wale One wer col ave antes ps blo Dfeome, when wea dove, wel st al he cps pat. Fae 3-6 Ow wre mateman ch We make our chp secs they aig with he wales ert = Iecorigesion Shee wasn a ound hl mural sme nated ace exc ee. Exch on ofthe it reste wil ban inviua aicn tp. Thy cold fac ee cn of he meds, Oi youu yng w dos test ‘ale younay mena aefardlooships repented coat enie nal, ‘yee pease angling fe 2p om ren cates the wae “Te taper he wale te oe hp we can a a these ie aes ‘tesa flow ces war an Gvs ab wae ores a St Sy of ae for ger wae That our oa We wan ua a > Son hip as we ono hs ig in alee Jeu migh wary bcc scm mais ar hn, a son compar tic mechanical sme Yo can dp, ti reo, a barf slon was endo gt ck cen Taam fir each sh ated 5 cde Tht wy ach sah i reuisws orn ern a Eak Lp i et evr comer 8 wo fro, One ave i ty ale, art cheer caoabe when ep eTs me Sune re ond toe ef es ‘Tear tor ai cxaty oposite. The expe eons do 20 dle Ta a a apne Thy cama remo te evens eset peer whet ay dase in or dveos. Ts OP Sout de ns ae et Nea oo nd OME igh qty sage sn isha 10 woh with olihograpty i a funmentlpat of ry sep in te IC eben Fhosaeme yeu we mann. ech mag any oe suet Toc Eee sop ely ecu where we diet vr sp requesting with rein. Every sepremeba mak DY eee eat Every sep rqecesemeval of expend Tr rae pocsing very ney eure fhe rei ea beep. Anal ha was only ae DP in One laser ou mig be 2060s in chip ‘Ne have now saad most of he ae posses wed in 1 proces We a a ftp proceanag ep ng bul SP Ti ime for st race, We wl make x hole in ue es a yee fr py en cneeaing eh ai mabe ele mowers mat ie ial fede we need rte he mae Inner cong oe We hen eles in he theses oughRemember, wt a ag psn eis 3 me asin it wee we vant de he ess Thee we nl ant ht ine he ne Spot at wil bcos orl be oie. The mk sora city wi rome, eer he one place whe i wil sane rough Us ne ‘smite shine rooph any well fined ite ces, We wil oe {sine pater thoah for oar tape (Cat te ik an, bt Twa outted* We wl st ABC.) ‘A mask ht sty coer ih chon fon 2 Dark led ma, gh il tps hogh he major of he mak Pee 32 Ma es rogh chrome ing | Wel he sk down oer hei, thn shine at te mask 2 Ligh ony his Boh ou es te cane, 3: Thigh cae choi etn inthe exposed si 4 We develop te resist The apne aren wth We now ne a tle te resi, racy whee we allows ih © ps hough he mk We can sow pt out hip into a id ath Tis par cides ie ut ‘noo damage he arene est trio he rc. The aed at ‘po the sudo hugh hol we nes ean Fipe Sb Aten ee remain i ih pl ms revi she ‘estat eran ocr nex pos step. Notice th nde has ne ‘es making ole is bigger han our mas Maa ines st ‘areal deerme kag ovrching in cansieron one fo Enon wpe ert we [=a ee ee ee a i nti = = paneer Pome pete ple les bulla Gat secon on ou ci. L Tete eel Sento Tete NeFw 8 Dt in ced he race eure wih a rer, tn case psc Gat ‘Buena We need ech mstfi a Take flrenseIsead ofc ‘Zr omal ecto co ne file we ow wil ech pe eld kevin, ‘ending jt sal exon We ped prot ny gl acs te sre nthe ching 56 berm emai prmaiy er sly smal aes of heme Ths kindof feuhiekaounss Light Fld rk The may of te masse gain, we expen, eikop and cha We i pobin Gate ate Ich imac jon whee we yan fe Tose salt pret arse al ht Femain sanding ov ice The et was eh and washed on Fay wee rp uremia ont eros Se reiing Fist so me cass all raga ih thet yer ser He 88 Coie cou ene ovce er te oe wart ite bute ston he Sane Thess gol ron fo eae xing pe: whenever re Redace ves ee Rede = and cos ove epi, thar te Ft Gate enn is ieee he cnt ‘lneion ft clooc the mise The Gate his vette. The ‘ncn si an are: ThveOengs rd nengs sed © tenured fr ina ring Ie rw «Gate tion mowing Si eacmie i prntig m0! ~ seh on oer our mak by Ol cron conor Cae spe pees ‘fr so mac igang ad bulking oth wre of your hip cam Reoe AR LEEi cena aera few ayers: Yuan se anew, ve plano your ‘Srsosne yout can ach nde plith your sure mak TaSESE Mies Narplasreestseros nisl planation. With hs planar procet, em permit unde down up 2d ‘tsome es sue val The ing causes tes at ied ie Suelt sects he und ght rls You wuld ave rae Your {eros ck wep ham bring Rove ifthe previous els en aie, you cn yen ine Re toe geomet eer amcsins. Sal De, {crear Panton pos chip prtmanes Stor Dioxide ees mak ‘fresh sss dos oo ld op wel guint Being Mase with Srnec ce coud does expec me ma he ie tick Shcgh Ou tight ake # oer pion srt oe csy me We st heat ou scm in onsen nd it ons Jechabasror te io ig) at nr f ha wl beet 9We cn thn ese phot cu hls is ew oie ed te ide prot sien unnest f, Ne hen as ne aie wa ‘ur mplntan. These cay ite sor nul un sgt house oe ‘SK nde aes frm 2 mee rh re. We cat on sh ee Hoes ea N Wy | Fle 217 ig ike leer tt wf ior a ‘We wan our rnssaso sith fit hey ca, A mats ht ays (ON tes an eto tra OF. sis we ned cee qr sarge Cpl sn elon, Eauncenet oe FET on th ec han ee tos ‘uo and off ease te elon under Cate rch ler Howe, seed align he Gate very acerly he uc and cn om "le Enhaoenet mode rust, "crn uti alanmen. wan he Gate matriarch ‘pert ag our sore da eine Lets ce how wos et ae cr bre nate and sk tin an nen with nygen fe 3 ae ang ne. Weleda wih fly fick wer of silete once Ws tow gee a doion ye fren the cha inte nie The De wilgoal he ny trou se oie expen the icon wale belo Ce We now hve vey thik sion dog as at itor exactly whee me Us pute waer inte oven agai for an ea op of mie, il ow tote Ie of sion die in he hole neat eked Remeber thar wean ea hn pero get a hak of Ste mer vey cle ot sion witout touching Thats wi eva 1 nso ‘ove te he sce, ‘e228 tis om nS ae ‘Neat we doit elyiicon fr our Ge mites coe our whole water, im poem We ten expose and deve.sp ste Ca mask The Cae Imus «gh eld monk she may 0 he poblton expose oN ‘Flue 3-2 eco habe pla hs te atin, ‘he ate eves very smal ser fp kn nthe hol we mae it the hk ude. Ne now ech way he hin ear ne gen Tet et nly reine eens pce bythe Cae We let wih or Co spon tp of hin ayer of de. The = nerf xe hs ao Yet> Bo- Pare 3:1, The at rn bine ef bi Ve are aw ren fe iglaaion. The Gat si te br sco an he ‘eked all bry the pant tn ull — ream pened tt dear eee oa ete ae “be Gate ane ck ee potash icon deat On the tr (mon cer se ofthe sip We hve eure th our oe ‘pln i pert signs ar Ge rp. eve ert prem Impotea = —— ewe 3-16 Sem Coe he Gate ace mas fr rte seen ine Tete newly be ‘ae N rags farm lng uth eer ofthe Cae They ae petty ign on she the Goes a anus pont 8 board ftom toeing to he cn dist below: This is called 9 sleaipned Ga! In aston, we get bors when hp same The sourenia ‘pons wil pay Gis nd he Gael, 0 we gta Feld (egenrenaal tat 'an eine wh gb does ke mao an ‘Rheanstor of ice eid aso seal tree clever ac se cael we mil rw aur sticon die ure fer uses a ee i ne On being process an ae ors wie oman oe _ = ne (are | Fie 325. hy mon oie ie he we ae? To Bi We dot car too mc tt the nel placement a te Gate af, ba dca Ns ron gr vl wi th Gat ine en Yu jas ep te ‘ae dn somentoe ideo lea hk oid, Ds tea and nething 2g al pret A CMOS proses a Set Some compares ve the in xe is cs when fe sucecrm ae Sig implae some don. Same re Tics donot ech bes i cck ous bu wea Silicon Eade ero rt the wae during Oxi rot. The cramps even ere ar ony povided 0 [Be some bu undesandng of procs ses involved. Tou we ely Feces in ndersancng evy e pte prowess tat 0 Company tor pind hele ope od have hem explain ep 30H ect caging Gas water bons ‘losura 2a Water 9 “hi chapte expla ote pons we dy cat he psa ‘orl We hove special or CMOS Sees jst se gh hw allApes in he or it ret Soin Company A proses you my 2 wel she se ings ser eo as Compe 8 et Some compu allow garnet capac soe ope, ina Spee te process len you stat or fr 8 company they ou dows, a wa ‘teh thes pres process, se yep. "Tis aw You and ‘Nba Th tase You can diet do hat” Whee ‘company's specie pes les iove,you w shul eal a ie gusts and ete anwen oP a Meal ee 5 you do ‘ou ca get any lout owing our process. on men to be gd yu san get ay who! mean you can at ‘retour Eeepone no des nt aos undead ocesg ‘er Tok ata leon 1am nothing aoa ears Lam ining ‘how the car ars, whore he ens flovng or wha vl ‘area what pr the cia ose flan Asin n andr one-nes wth orcet 2 ‘te sce. "Be" he re Sa. "Ot eal sl. The pos il you hme wrk in wafer, you ca actly se hese ets bP ft of year eee pied expo I 30 Know we Be rere ome 3-Dinerrsing weds Yu canbe te pero ws does te rset tp of sul Nak» gal pocosng Dacha 2 Yeu can ne wen dng ales. What des oh ye do? How both trite? What sang” 15 Nou ca har oma shoes diode err ems wing (hea poss sesereting ce er teeny cane tte me? 2 You can gee fll cata cen atin our desi ic Yous tov cong and seching rom or sing be ‘dont need to maser every se ma, Dut ep if you unde tnd some ote ist propre Yoo Beat Wt you ae gong Best ie ‘i mean xprens, ou wil be abe ok at ict shen and [Bruty vole he nc Jou mi AX apo jurb i mes, isp ce eee wat ou a ache: 2 Stcon cysal wafer growth 2 Lg on inpetionw dope con 2 moitogseny 3 Ligh and sk Sed masks a Epil dpoesion ould upward 1 Dinos caused by amelie 2 Ho te slapd Gas Ane more ‘Thee now fons «py Aowctr of pil CMOS proces The bwings au su repent of he acl erssecis of e Semcondor nes uate spi mae th deals casero. The incon aco ge te ede fal th Ds of semscontr pce IRs Asari te procs epesented pee and rot 100s acu ‘Asin thn elie and you nal tal the IC process ha ou will (ar deh order to under the betes equa In er words fies db woes ling Sow Baul nace is roves oes Neto a about eon rw ni Ci es me. An ike og maCO SS SSss nowyLa ae (an uisn Kod ysodag S99 GGG GGL w s22e)ns uops 280 app UN MOIOOOOH Sy) aw en sa6 soho 31244 af apa un 2A0u>y fodwpes"\ WiC ——ajo 00 ii Fe(1e8u om poWUdd sey)NOW wins WE awHere we fig of out si tasior aun The tsi ht on «paso Gat, paced cers repo of th ion done Nou ewe ave dawn engl recat th gs ou Gate mate, ‘wv rw mtbr rectangle of ou in oi te Gare ‘Active Ditfusion Phare 1p ayo i fa FET oir shaving Gate aes ne en oe ‘The oid eri on rere we the active fsa, ore act. The Active whee atoms wil be pa rte a rth oan {he Gein Actin nes deine ian of he vice. Ay sul Gee ni or actve ae onde hae a eras aoe ‘Te quesion “ow o we knw bow bia to mao devises ches th circu prtermace we ru? How mach oeiap Jo we wan Shad We eo ge caries or nal tage? ‘Bef someone can design cut, neo know hat th cit mst 0."Whstpecoonace nani do we eed Fac example cet desge might tegen lat of eirementstht “watt aarp havea og an of 2, feuray room of. ‘eto 20K nd only tke 2m fora 33a upp Tt Sarin Din Tse numbers are what nl hcl pectin pee “he cc speciation enable designers ost the Seip proce With ese nfrmaton sou Your pars psec, spss erin eer dove sn. Magy ite ene ca ee deen omponen chs tm anpier Our ner chces «sit topology at be ks wl give te outed performance Then he cles the bse pate of tec ‘i sing ha he ust mos sees Dseing cats undo rogue aly Fn pas ing tsi cleo ‘Tove eee snp days Howe, nso ty ale ‘ated vie wat ay illest interacing clement Thee nero Sly cate car ciel to pero ierenty than ou bse esclons Indeste Adusments othe dein ne expec, connie the cones ‘erin ht came lly appre oust Sgn steape (On designe els bbls tuft is rps eel In enfin te ony wy 0 vent IC dng spon wat bid oe lit and As you may exper, re were muy fae sas One cid ‘sign ok ong ie to Mal ge comet “Today we can vst compas he ws he confine we seed comet curcavut den ones ern ou eign cup x oer peta ada smal. Thesimltion pom nds wa he cus Soe. tow mach caret rege, he ery response, te gin aml 9 {ike ote sutton pogans co the market ee ess With ing acwaly ul he ysl xt sao. The corer tend et ‘ic he buen BR, ten hehe bow oud opener us Hit wee ‘These ‘Shor als dn try some gu wha i" crus They can Tae tn the vie ssn al wo pi the sin (nce ie sition coi ou ei ui, we el te cat come Ps. We ne deri our pina desie wae by absinthe SPICE Tels We nw knw hese ofa vie wel Bellon oa cip? ‘Lie SPICE testa ees se, ‘his complete ft prof the IC proses, We ree te deve ita Foes sha, We hes ted SPICE to dri ot ig each Seve Modem CAD tas azunutaly cet design le cost devises iy foes ci stemte, Gove ar ke as of anual clang Be Tengo each mt fom fname, However, he ay wo alee flees sar om eh very vane Thee maybe ies when 2 CAD ttt has gt bon setup to gore dvces Inte ae ll up ou! Some lao engineers work yo in he fel thot er cla ine ds Ma eft ko ‘dnt tink i ot pople ae eapae 0 ey ne Nik eprom come more vale Ba Dar fo oT sna eon eu pop can wr he ‘ener deem ora er the hema devi Ss. If man ho ep tht lege from the alae nd reat en of toh eat diners soo came ered wi ewok dnd tsa 0iat long and grt prot 008 ou have epericnced ie desgers ging pratewate designs tiered nou signer Thar ar rece for dtr Splting Long Devices Now tt we kw he eves, hw wll il ey fog? Lets your Signer as gen ws the cat bel ve Mm mz sas—E wa Flere, Sole Ml dN ae 310% Jos ‘At his poi in he nyout procs. we do not care wh or i oes, ough his dong ope oes spl anil pile ‘out eae making tee component the siete espe lw We wll wry aoa the Gs fanctonalsy whe ta ae ec poor ogee ‘The spl cet has wo inp, to cpus power spl ah is 0 ge toenail he ce fecson Type ascot te cpa src ced to mak ee 1 eri Re aed for esses an M for ‘MoS There are} MOS rar td to esr ins gram. tut hn lof te tanto sp fhe empl ae NMOS devices "pray ough, same ene Ne al De Let snp, fr es oar Mt ants ae wth of 20 microns, te legh of |r ME wile these: M5, es 60 mies, We il cma on he CMOS taninr in hs ample, ole ge he ‘her compuness or now Asesinas thf nkfaaou engineer ito bl ou devices ine god od days, you wi ea ear ell wich Seu wel em. fenmumaly ste othe coe te Ths prec eqs Yu By avi abot follwing all be design le reqred 9 each conponet ovine sccing ud cocking ner ute mw xref mae ‘seach sngoest one ate. “Tad, comport ae bait ety hn information in te scematAll Jou do open tie scene gam on our sre nd sy “Make me is ‘esutr Volyourtnsear apes on esses comes and te restyled res. Whar by nto antonio, let ay you ne made al dhe wns [Er our spl plier sohate AMerYou make an pce all You a= ‘hers, ou rein “Hang os mane. 200 mons ecru And ve 20 ewe 4 Bro 2 magi fa dant ele Because of our expeines yo wil KN 0 top yur ght bee se {agi cxteme daterson of te, Long thin tarts hae problems ‘Look a cur FET cs een De ou remeber it we placed iy ae ‘ot nlaing nie brane tbe Ge sl th Gee son? Ta the ‘ht fos of our poems wih ong tas.‘weer, me cn do smethig abot ecinghe prsite rence, wit ou changing th Gata. We 2 back ora despre ‘nhc you ae his sso, aso kin Youve Big or ‘oe here. Why dnt oe tea te antral oe ae ‘sparse reise” Yu sete ew davigs gil. ate, “need of having ape ea 200 Figen 7 Log the astride dees "Wy doa we mat or secs of 0 mins ech at hook a Spi eg ice So at on Go it ‘ocak of fornia wns ing eet a single sist ifwied crete ans ermal ms ed oe lt ‘ermal ofeach the ter ariste. Weve he ane ire ana ih ‘Se sme flv Ge wth, at nh les pani ance. ach individu ess Gate finger oe fur te wi of gil devi. This meas te Gate ger Bx estan ha ae ‘arth ofthe resins of he origin device, tem wis ‘ral? Ts argc il ge a these elie Gat mith 4350 ‘oo mw ow L q te TOT OT ae 1a alton, the Gate fingers ae wie in pret. fou ook ahead st se ltr eons fou al ass in pried an oval ss {cro one ft tend estnce vale The veal ees oF Hs ‘pinay wchuige gives wa parse esse at sone Steet of Wt eed onal Sine ot parti resistance ashen iced er Cte const as en fehcel Toe toe mill now pete mach eect. Tar is Enotes Dependg fn fe i of he device ad ote or, te couk pli our usin ino een mor oe In mmaay, we spit longtime wanssors. We did ‘de efectne Gate waits Hover we tvs dumped substi out of pric rane. The rg pie capstone til xt, ‘ras he Ge oelp cannot ecanged: Bu sme imponemtsbe ‘tan aoe Whence of you re 9 may etic eapaciane wit ( alcing tbe sec, wel, ar wl be eater ston fr tis capes, Lets ook tot lang. thin ein mae det. We have abled te curse tn ns ta 8 mechan) he Gt Finger C gas 3-18 CAD devon npn ao Ee or 8Aer iting the devices or smal davices race tps si ce, eek at uch indian wasn We ve Band Cinch he fours tia soe, yada Ga. 1 1 0 wv Als AB ig Ie gel eee Fhe 1h, Far ane yd frig ms | ‘ve nnn eee pee i Wesel wie up a he er ce ‘in order for our device to act a a whole ae We cu wire device a a is we: 50 Per 3-2 dann dices Sores cnc rare ro ra) Gra ae emda Even eer one sing an It of spn hil cp a i eet propia cot The alr os an ae Jur cp eat Your Conpty pa oe be ger he or mel Su il mae You lous as Somput spose. This ebls You 0 2a my “he iu connection scheme shove prety lea fr the anise stewie cami Howcer ur peti ls foe be aston a Diteang nde mt be lose + mina deane from ssc her We ‘ise set pace ning tha conection care “Tine gt ier asin. Her ho. The sore al din of CMOS t= ‘iso a mechangeable You ca pte device sound ad 35 fine doce Weare sai withthe wing Of cose Let prof i sss Re he ame fa ao 384 4-8. (oo ration the singing rn) The vcd an our amiss Awe bee gpd et or re purses, mo ~ ap Bh as oR Sial alaliaic ot Leffel let fee Le Gee seers ie 10 lig oa ipl Hr ae pl ‘No he os ping onal ech eer, edhe wo pag ‘ovanencot The evi hia lastow bch meer and nec moe thesansisorecloerin ech eres smentt the eau ones The inal par of oar sl xe il nue dra sharing We cn Pickup fa to tatty an ue hers gtr uch ht hen "a sore dun repos meg, Te combined po ot sre feet sade rhe ther te mene ine Bath were bel 8 We can cote suring al fhe cmos sured ris ut all of ‘beads Seven the essen en reed, Noy ae ne st ‘ued the ser tetean te enim ut we Ae combed FI Of secs wel Tak aoa your sce se. Sci harng ca be done etc any to devices lcd ext 19 toch oe tach at somoneWaa ams do you saposca beste? Do he ou The only terminal ou cn snr rt shri the V+ Hu hae ep the And Boia soar eae gran ls out (Tey rem comet) Io daw ot ou ge (gas CEEEEBI Pee 16 Theft n. ectiaet i i > Fre 17, Novag in paooon [Gacaca| @ Yow cnn th x hy ae dav. Th wonder the mid cad ce HE Leth ip the snort right Tha paste N+ te mae ‘voc oem De rat ke i ERE en ‘can sae ike sousein emia i iy ae he ane pies of ie foe sat and ones ten you came sare ‘ou mip ave cet gre tht os ke! ASI ve ‘Once we moore al te 3 nd tgeer,n st jon ale He ‘eins wi iT dram elon shone wisi partly completed [Alte temas have bn coneetda tel Spe sao te AB device Stee ngs of etal echng Sen xh teil al connected tepsier atthe op of he nga, Nate te shaped pce of eal F216 Simcoe srk atu(Soop. Eaoood) (sageas Goooog ieee 31 ig eA Th sc ee cen ey ‘gs mel org pf eee ac ‘We wil ue he ame tng oi be 998 terminals: We depot mea fingers sich each pins exch Beri ong rope i cos of ‘he dapar, Nose the “Ushped pins of metals shor aay io} fey Fel ay Tol {5} fo} Joa | 13 fa) a | fo} fo} fa fo) | te J eo Io) ey ‘cd heres fst Ga sar eg noe ‘The Gt connctons ae slighty ere, house Palco can be ed ‘a some pil tances perf cet wing. Poy conc. We a ‘xen he ranssor Gate ingest fom he dvi fea we poblion ® Sonnet her ‘Pay ean eased as wre. Using pyiion as 2 wires ety ecm fo ery shor danse ‘Ther fe tome digs ioe Paice mach meee ease a me Alero sor distance, sigan wie esse can deen I {be wie Jou eying Bul aes creat and a high sane, te {ea very ily danger he cat wl es 1 faction. Use plscon oil Tht ese watch our date, our eat and our etc Ia {Gireuanpl, ne hav lio aes ome meta te Cate cont a ny furter wie an be coneced er ig meee ‘Tee youn ou rial 20 | tans Tete iota Figs 3.10 (esos densa, of ening hase pre i ‘ets epernes moe ky and wes hp fea este mor ef ‘hey. Lj! Seger make ebsces Remeber Wht abt Yu Layo designers make ches. Falloning are some akerte ways of wig he or tats with Se ‘ahanages words you wrk withthe asst ut geen no dsgn hey wl ‘call look ie te CAD igus hoe Each nso wl have many te sur coma sched teenie ng fs souseran rep. Honeve yu nant tose yours sme orem, ou cou row my ms ofthe conta ie Your conmatora ely ve Yu! Seve Bool i] | g paoood) oauod a lo Io pooood) 531 ging ml aot “Thi eiively rig the jan pices of etl bond Yu do wot need ‘Sts a the way up th ere ith, do ou? We lve ly ate ‘ae The org! reason fra thane antes was fae te ont vine ft device A few oat wil te sue, but care Sou reene no may concn our cnt tne conld be to tah fr your ned.Pompare aout Can you see ha hee two cvings create eae devices? Can you see bow we have reuced our deve size by nang mmel ovr te op ofthe sons, tnd of running it oui! The sip of metal running ove th 1p ofthe dice the same meal ‘hat was rani ute efor, The A are sl led by mt eat Tooke something ikea M."The Bae joined ath metal tht ill resembles aU" The Care jtsed se polyicon witha metal sp along (he boom, There is 2 hid opin. Examine this doing 2 moment before eng on What oks diferent” o 3 i a ia io eitettorpal Fire 5-22 Gate conection spared. commie meta "Wehwvethe same wo metal pieces forth 4 and 8 terminal, rouge inboard again No diference he. The diference hat we hve connate hin ‘iu potyslicn Gate fingers wih meal wisiag This method of Gate coe ‘econ ithe Safest It uses the sina amount of povslicon and ens that we can Safely cone o, om and tio he Gate of edie witha Iingt wor too much abou te kind signal preset. ‘We he used crit schematic to generate the base component fou by: out Using source-dnin sharing and device pling techniques We redone artic atthe same tine. This ol the kepnning of paras econ, We il lear sive at every ae ener hat ou pars lees hee least fet on our ces freon. Soure-rainsring, device spliaing and parasitic eduton at funda tl techniques wed throughout CMOS lyou. You can tee these fehagos neni cide 2 on Cae ‘We hve generted or devices wit th opium sie an shape. Bu, all we Ine aes bunch of devices, fostng around by themselves. We now weed 19 ‘amine ways to comext ur devices and jin he eet Hacks gate. Mos intzrato cite ace designed wing ery ral easy Aan, esyt ‘understand eu. Thee le cs are thes Wied together © rate & Inge more complex cc te of Thumb: Bui tar projects rm small easy te under. stand ek “This pposch occu design makes nyu! much sir Instead of ying wo ernie hom fo wits tvave lion wanssors mone go, usa witha i eu tat as weve and creep up on he lager problem. “The goal iso compact your layout Far ofthat pan sw make your devices acreage posible wsing device sping rectangular cit ayout is Imoch eae oat a conjunction with one millon oe etna cet ‘locks ten regularly shaped lumpy cucu Inyo. ‘Look atthe flowing layout for example. tbs big dovce poking ot each side. If you wee fo we hast of tansor configurations, then you have ‘ated space, Imagine ying to ft zens ofthese ics ogee without Saving 2 dp of chip space. Nighmare. Pobaly impossible with mos Tumpy shapes Bs) ainauttotte easytotile Fiare 3-22 Kap your vice et sang for ei ing [you were wo reshape he tw idle deve by pliting them up ino tes[Hy Pale oc Thumb Try mab your dee sets rectangle ‘a il Mes, nyo ot re ul tion See repiranpe isc yr camaurs Se e Eien nin fis oes gran dp eee na Hasmotae crete sy micecl peaks Sipe rec coait cae ow do we easly get fom 3 sic agin othe mo fii source dai Sard et? A us el ek diagram, Ask apa ie em Dlerepeseiaton of ie devices and ht ineceaecons The gran ait ch eee he ste andthe fl lou ‘nee eck gram is compl gives out devc pace nd oe netns. All you do afer tr spine Sour ss agus th el Ace end wig Lee same of ou od, hl inet a2 example P os) eA N v. ‘we 32 Sane schnee Pot to a te 1a.CWOS lps we apically bil al fhe PType devices in acomenonN wel exon Each device mus be but an N well wich all wally a Bee he ame po anya. So mks sens Bulb isn enmmon N wel Ths comes N well tecnica hae cee 8 Nel pacing ues ae wal ey age, Ore device Spacing teeta eo ¥ wl pg et a ‘Sims; N pe cee re bt in a somanon ae, er P wl oP. Sowa, ‘Six we ue common asl P Type devices are geely cose ech thr, and all the N Type devises we. pata lee teach cee Gaoqenty, ne can am Psion at rit ick aco ep of flagm. In sick gam, you resent he poplin. difson and ‘ing single ines ona pce of paper Whee the ines fh oon Ted he difisin cross wee x tas Ss we reese Cerin ‘thick, ou can se whee pete name fra met are 38, iio det. deere pled Peeing ep aoe eo ‘Lasky most schemes we dan in his fashion aleady:P vos oe (ena at top 5 devs tbo. Tis op creo sik ar 1am. Se sume ofthe ee paren Work has aay bc dove Fr key tot pour cones il flow the sume Kind of placement. ‘Ours plysion Gas ates re as veil aes tat rose ton Each ning ie esi (2 la oer ion get) Peete taoare ere Fly ca wig epee es that on he varius Svc ter ni Docent pans red Jone He wie‘Now we sat nro he soue-in sharing, We know fit Php itch eal ke fs terminal make V+ Leth ot ee Sowmon cere fe fst Gate pearl eataeg| Fae 32g lt so nae by andre ‘Then pocen in jt don he res of the wrists un he terial nae. ‘Yar natant meer nel our seem might be se oesrin sae a el ge eee fat ‘ie #28, tanned th isin Nate pd lathe hoe sik gran, we hve ct done very sod jo We woul ne ‘eral eon mt ses er loa ein thse ovamons Braking the fons Sted with vo pall Ht ‘Siu the ea ol The ocd im te iro 0 main de {une tnes beers nie component Stine breaking he device ‘Sever fe uss dans cant etree ach Weak he ‘ue i amin pacers cat es The ert ‘solution would be wo breaks at all 3 ‘We cdo rafee he sin of his nye Le xine the vie cement ‘oer ifsoucean Sing can emove some Weak We cud cb he PS einai, saint emia order with fees ote rm sang, wee the dag feb. Peg ay Ae = fbi | A | ve | B t c na gare 3-28 Sacer sharing doe macy wer prt: ‘Te shone dagrami es faras we can go, Thre i beter sucess {By amu: guess of how we Tp toe vies gr cei i ee sng exec hoe eee my nes wl you ae com SESE amply wo fhe You may abo need ecg he ria TSESh te deve ae ple ie rer eth on compact lion {sac yume nd Cis sed omer ie real te me Im | eee ase pce cn) et near Be canal Tey at | Ja ms ite fr iin iow they Tall ft gee | oreo ha a ory puting net i aay |e sows on wha ot of practi can do Now when ot rags me cia on ofl coe wat he i wl ok Ice reget amp ear a stk dg, Proce the asa grace hes yooh soso, Tey art fl in place oryou Chris tee fiat tempt shore {wet fr roe and we gt cao it one se The sgn arp, psi an eben ifn ‘aaa teed change few ngs nis ee Tare in ne Accu ermine sme, he + Yoo jot have stat some, Ercming ayn be tc Bex pater. Buri ets ou stad. ‘once youhve wore ot you source dain hing you hv ta fr your sess! men You cen om est of tetris Ta igi ‘Sp ppeal foreach Pye ansinn bare acomesponding NT tis abe pum coe ech ne and he Gates can be ied With Sor pee of alinDiagram P and N para tamale a ve Flere 3-1 ihn growth coca ‘nce yo neal of your comets dm, y hve he tempat 00 will tse freon In Bi ample we can grove he sin fcr Notice he st nse (Geter soonest erin ) cub ip ema a Wie esr “hein ik agra could ok ike his Pee 1 Sek gana qu vas ep ig wth ‘i nid pie ppd teat device over aban tir oaneon erent ouput ‘fe amet made fm Serie Bt the iment made with device Coen (er pon fash yor cpl sured ating ay ou ean ep rena tu make comaeviom ate cnr acess 2. Nor for oan sake. Mos pope are lead amir wth che Imesh very mow and agi howeer Ihave red with peop who made carer change no yt a arnt arth sick ich thom he eng nen hey nce cooa erie Fie 112, Sic nr oh ine ytd ck gram, mer tha |e a ecanglf the difisns Iriad of oc ps mo mor of fel of th ence fom wong rth fet ale amr fol. Sick gramming i wl cig bt tener eres ist don bother Once you ge edo dg layout. od na need ck gran fr vey Jo However ceri for jar pele a nh the wack 0 he cher hand Fave son pope wih 20 years experi sill ek daprame rnc We hve dams our bss ch gr, We have sda evi wit he pot SPICE salto Tan it Howson, whe orplan We ct ring or CAD tool oma youtBele ou st yur wi. ke hese gran othe orn ye ‘ect gaye Tall hr “Ok er wath devo ok eer he ce ‘Si youcnent Daou ie hi? De you te ow ty a pled tre ‘Sch othe? No tt you cass wha Jur devices okie othe eat (Sagram co you wants make ome changer fore offsets ha g™ “They might “Hie changed sf pao ee an teatange i and eke eto at salle? 0%." vei he eves nee going e that bg, They d's tobe tatbig Lets mae bom salir” It we more at device 20 icons oh ig, we as ave he ee tos inthe make he wile ga ec te engl” Iisalwas wort ang back 0 yur lt epee jst ge uel sen fing hyo, re doing hinge ight an ou Fomek atongy mconnend ha ut poole do ot wor in lation Get | aly from thc people Do nots go nly do wha you ‘ha sigh You loop roving away may hor of wrk fhe Cle eget you he pe he at. ‘dics ou gt some bin fom the ids fom dey ne then no one il be spied ye al eu Rate Thumbs Kept cat desger in 30 fin nop frm the been. ‘We tout we cul fie op ou CAD tod a wig op device ih id abanlon Not quite yet Lets consider fe al ue ei we Con? ‘ipa dats (naern guano en pape) Seana ppt ‘ee yn cp ea ve nwa Hse un Soci ies l forting Ine above igre e ee nN wl iP ssa, We ane PS jee ‘ce fred bythe N wel andthe Sure. A PN etna doe ee ter Ifthe vlage one N wel rp and he slags on he tester feiss possi you cul rar ia ta Ge Youve oe ut Yeu em nvr fra ist ne, One see way poet he ide om becoming frward Based tomate ae ape eee ae ‘The casos way todo this ita cons he N wel the mast pone ry tah Stbsrae othe mot ep sappy These coaneton ae Kh ‘Wel Ties sd Substrate Tas Thisis 8 PMOS device. Wesee hat ne hse 0 el so ier ie fe FET The wel er ar ingly N doped iftans tt rein the N well Th N= doping is ow resitance which opens wink he ack (sd to sllow ene lesb hed and me dporig ve { aa Nw a3 We tet i ofa FE Made of com ‘The mre wll e-downs you pla, he es cance therefore PN ode ‘oboe favor edale hum: Tae ch hing many een, ams Tea ao ues aa fen oped ein DOC Nt : Si tow ce em we Type ast tt hob clo hy Tremor eerie, oe dy euser Rosle, You ms have aN we SS eect These eign ewes CAD The mbar sry P+ ped is at it he Spee Stats Jt ikea Nitin ges ws alow estan conto eae ‘SEP sping ger ara low sane coma in he ba = cae eae ee ae eum ete pina echensteln iweb = tes ties x] ; : wots x x ts a x oo nooo % x x f Fr x x wet. x ‘ ee ee ee ecu e x x t wet 20S eet ou wil pct ht te wl sen covered wi Nall ale of Thumb: Wherever there ay apare space ean N nl Perna mate hee ran orem ‘rene 4 hs dle me FET om ec era el eto re rser Pct mah Sn All tis efi els op th psc diode beeen te well and he sb ‘ewe fo tg on Renee tn if he PN de oc eno ‘eum a when you oS i ee fee chp ae Tht plese awn ana ea ee SS SSarSican i mtn tact ‘Seana hapa eae tare Sere ae aoe ce ree ne So wit bse Hows reopen Sn as wet er acorns me cd wah Ta ‘Svat inn of iw eh eg cps Sicpienasaneramerthemc Seca ee a ern newt ev oft wet ee an “Thera ls fer our eb and wl es. Res tat ly ow oe oust hve well cr and hw ls ha el cae ut eo our (x you mah ig he wae wei ws,ba {you do your wiring first, then later place your well is, some foie oof} And merit pre ed sor str tl orem: Pe jour ell ean ebm a ‘you do any wiring, Mabe ee un desi re ceks efor yu bein rin 1 mae U Ste yur well ae sbsated down corey. Wiig soul be {is ing so. fete “Af sone mats can be ved esa ens wal Prime arionatiiect SERA IRUAERI KEN RERER ‘ono Tair Gas very ga easy ab, NEE PT aa aa 5 0S Tt See Cs we We coe = Po Tete Ser erect ta el il cp ring wal oes Remar iratcaen ec The ncns ell cccurs cig te plone a a te palyioon ed wing eactve on cing, IE. (We T h| ‘newer ot acvent pocening nes ingly! One of hse ies | Se Sia ene ee) trib a dg fot Gate, ey fr aching an RIE chambe ‘ane 98. Pn tr lg he mp 1 THRE KEREREXEX EEX ieee i x hi i STINT WET TETEWE TT: | | ‘Pgare 3-48, Je she RIE chamber we mig see msn volar Bile | | x ners nee ee age LL TATE Tach} » ae sae x “There are more than 2000 volts placed oeoss the RIE chamber bse = x. ' “eafer is touching the base of the RIE chamber, the wafer is effectively & nin Sa ot ing cn he re, ar hag amet Fe itl Ase pian ces ars bu 00 eres ae arreans wmcied wc hve slg see chk ofom then the charge buildup canbe quit subsata. This cage bad ‘an anal no a rensonabe voltage, Ityou tae too mich voltage on pljslcon that used asa anssor Gat, ‘he Gate ene cold tecome Sage an il the asia ou use pobtion joi lhe Gates of big transistor with sy, 509 ‘ite fingers, you wl creating 2 lage chunk of polation, wo you? you can spate he Gute Mngt nto smal chink then you 6th snout of voltae cach chunk picks up. Mech seer. Lie bits probably ‘won fy under te vollage a a re chk woul. So, fsa of wing all your Gates tee i poly, beak them nvdually and wi em atta This is a much safer more robust, ore reliable nay of mang Gate co. ere we have fur transistors. Thi Gates cach exten nto ity wider ‘chunk of poly with conta: Net cones al four Gates AAA ff lef al SEINE SEINE fa} 1 Ifa Piet 3, Four Gate me th corr The sal pte ‘ere comneced with a chant of meta ae Design ues ually pei the maximum ie fr sngle Gate satire THE ment effets diety proportional othe Gate ren By Gt rea rene ‘bee wemean th riount of overlap ofthe Gate stipe ad th acne diiion ‘the Gate are is tobi, you mil have fo break up. Spliting large poly areas inte smaller poly areas protects the poly drag the ol tl _Aascondary processing isethatchangeshow you wie your cretiery si Tato bene fst. We also perform ou fisimetal etch inan RIE machine ‘Yates the votage but up when we etched the plsiicon, we hae a imi Asap budup when theta sesh CMOS Gates are connected wih i [peal so he vlog bila on te metal conducts the tansisior Gates, We [reo roel the sso, The volge needs tobe kept 3 mitimum ‘A reves-ised PN junction ca give us sme protection. We cise the PN jmeon in Chapter 1. Remember tat i we revene tts the junction ‘rough wil tart conduct what own asthe breakdown vole ‘Fir severss beatdown vole fc higher than any vllage that wll 2 tally occur in normal eperation, ts low enought protest the Gat of (ansitor A mall ide i the suber aac tothe metal connection of ‘Tans Got il lant hw Bigh the wolage can gt. This ode is known a ‘TGmte Te Down, or NAC Diode (Net Area Check) ands ve common foot modem CMOS process, Fare 3-12, Pring doen te sate shorty dre on wig ul. Gate e-downs protect poly during metal on teh [Not ll Ges require a Gate tie-down Ia Gat is connected ety 1 fours in repr of another device in metal one, then iid ow by ‘Gods the subst ofthe ter device. A good example ofthis ithe 0X ‘tone iment deving he ing of mother invert. The firs verter Gt ‘eed aeons hey are Noting, meaning ny ae ot Sones a9 thing but acheter. The second inter nat sect comneted in me tne tothe fit iver ouput, 0 ts automaticaly id dow.‘ty nous make a down fo ol to prot ring poy etching? “Think sue before edig the nse ANSWER Tews can Ok you can ie down poly to pret agains metal etching, zat shore’ nething you cand profect pol agains its nn etching cep pl ig, Yu a rod eco tefl node for he ickng process Grounding would defeat the process alogether Finally, we ae now in posto o put al of oar learing together and stat Iijout, We have a schematic. We have cesad a sick diagram. We tought ‘Shout wher we wcll ie fo put ou well and substrate tis, Weve found ‘nich ates ned bd down protect then fo he antenna effect Now Forth wild abandon ‘As we meationed caer, yu can wre with plyscen. But, be cael when ‘Sing poly ava nerconnes, Wizing Gates wi poly isthe only sa option, tut ne have to be carefil abut obeying the antenatal ‘AGate willy ra curent whea the parse Gate capacitor charges or i ‘eras Most ofthe tie, Gate ont bola vologe I we wire Gates teach ‘thor with long runs of poy we can quickly form a easoabl sistance. st {ba long shinny tanssor bas sarge parse resistance, the ply so0- fecthas lage resistance lo The RC time constant ofthe Gate wil be ngs. (ar earns slower than we was i feeaoog) soaoeg) noooog] paaoo) ec i Sensis et comp a ent we # wing met lone We can use poly as an underpass o get inal ow ofa igh spon. We mut undctend the connection throughly if we want 10 use poly under pases. Know what the connection does. Ul we make tee poly under lst chor a posible, othe ena resisanse Goes no hart oa ok, What ie ty to cones mst source dns in poly? Inthe Figure above, wo see a souce-rain connection brought ouside the ‘vices, We ve core of the transistor in meta, heush pos and back to ‘he second device ia metal again. We are sig ply as an interconnect. Tere is god lieved sone cen wil flow hog hs plce 0 lnerconne ‘Therefore we are mic ete of oining soucedains amet. This snot 3 ood place owe wah pol (G@oooog ooood) [oooooo) [pooooo) i Figs 2-44, Comucton uct peo of taal (Or ever baer, source sharing. ioooooo [oooogGg) j@ooogg320 | cures I Rake frou: yo nt bt vata Gt tring on or of), ou can ue olf you want distribute ace. ‘You can we poly a an interconnect, bu pial only to cones the Gates, since ther tot much erent tro he Cates Cou you mean you, personal the eader—at this moment—I mean ght ‘now-—foke acct dag nd make astck diagram fom if? Ifthe dee Connections were easy enough, coal you make a lou? Ifyou ae ne oly. fut, you might be geting confaed wit the varus deming views we have been wig ‘Before trying some layout on our own, revew tow 1 move Between the ferent views Lok athe vanous dawns for a fect examples ately you. Thik in tes of how theyre teach ober Les eramine te various views fo an FET side by sie [As mentioned befor, active difision is a bole in the onde, That defines where oor assis are bu. The ectangle you dais teste. You ely raw oe oxide ale forthe emir Ase ae, aN a Figure 3-46 Th eve rs the entire i he ede ‘Tse davings al epeset the same unite Leer ons isk! ‘betwee them, Find the Active, dwn in l,m each of he four views Then findal te ober components nd connection in ach view. How do the rae ings rele teach cher? Source Gate Drain Diagrams oa i hr | ; etn 1 Fire 5-17. Compre ow ara ok representing FET ‘This is anther good exerci repre on your ows wit leokig. Look back ifyou have to, ut ep pacing until you can ew al our ‘ype of diagrams es, knowing What ach ine represents. Once Joo mater he FET, ny rings ht remove complex ve gone a a want go is CMOS layout fo this book. Alte base fccinigues required for CMOS lyou re i his chapter You cao ally mae CMOS lou tom a took. though You hive o get there and move those poisons. Pract, Practice. Practice. Heze's wat you sin this chapter 1 Models schemas and peices for compute Sinultons15 oti esinance paras by ping 1 Bene ftng esis 1 Stick grams as dsgn ol 1 Stet otags with te ves ad coat 1 Prenton of fru bing the inherent arte ine 2 The viol esicestpbeween chemi, aps and device 1m Souci sig A mo ing the iat diagrams shown below, make «sc dagamn oe eck ‘Then dey layout diagrams 02d 8. t ve Pewestt 4 gates 6 gates ve 3 Bgates 2egates Soates yy a 8 c > Man ios ae posible, We rove ely oe posible mw fresh apa. 1. Pole sk apr or gue 81 2, Pesce diagram fr #2 A B c RR AAAPossible ou dra fc 2. Bete stick dra fr 9, robb afer gn it me toa, Nae Ne fe vouce-rain sear al sot. No beak, Mich ete pe 2 Pile sick diagram for #3 Tis ck gram shows ob in he son Ths it he eat oat i aa Pew 56 limes ou ore compe hs gan he es ep Some i Ae Pose pot diagram fr he py designed ck tees te due, Pees si Pew b57 Tye ge you sme vey iea ps of practice els conser 0 tat ou Sn sc nats Sappanng Of pot cures, ey ma ou SOO cv TH Lote capi a be Tp i peResistance ares wat youre ging toss hs tte: 1 ree ate ane gon an dy 15 The inpocanc of ant asin behing se wits use in be caleba 18 How resins fisted snd why you eo tao th 1 How tbl sso compeast fr ror ia manufacturing 1A fewaear reso designs fri Rule of Tam for reso ein, 1 ow and why to chek her causons before diag your ut 1 Prete sais fr ou yon yur own aang te inci frst gt wil llow yout ch mi ‘uke improve CAD og ahead ef yus. alow yous, Ike uiling soe wih a esi in erin widths separ de Andamans esse You cane) eet eens itn ge 8 ‘ois hat do sme uiga teke or 308 ‘Yous esto cw bn restr rconsacteifyou want tno such “raced ests rs le weg cr enncton le Fr erampl fy "yng wee aus ile exact sei resistor ype la Youteow tt ng des he vai chs Ft care ‘the the P+, and the active touching my poly layer, thea T have an fer a Trecopize qin my cern estrada ow al da ET haem 98) ler mir tee nln en eno Te Many peopl jus sth staal geen components Hower, ou mig ed develop ress vou fora rand men nce. Por eae, ‘omen mip, "Ok gy ous unc 9 iii mss On ere there no ues! Noo ns ne bef! ou hve unload wat "ers bw ty sed and whe he fin, ‘Tu wan become the spear of te star compan with 10,000 ak opin and chance of belgian eS yar You have fo oe prmson rarer ot pnw lcs and ‘Toae a wo pes of merlin his wor cmon nd nas. A ondactr bs he siya lec sare flow tough Arise Inter cmocallow ere cart son degh ‘ade creme onda, an salar can ek down they allowing ct ‘to flow This sly has caro tempus, hugh ‘Thoe ste ro coniuctos and poor conductors The eto which mat ‘al an cout eet is caracered ty Png te mala abe Caled estance value Sere conducts hve ery gh nance ‘gh hat fr al paca purpns hey co ceeds ‘Eventing as some lel fear, Hee a some examples 1 Nera as ow esiance— reenact, very poe nsalatoe 1 Abs igh resisznee—poor cnt, instr 1 Skin has modcaseressance—fir conde, por stor evi Inept Cee 10, oy mail we ne cians sien bce Se no Sets ehh oa ‘the rest ofthe word, ng Te ae ae eh ‘Ghena chip es pres hen te genio mes, How bo ou make {he rest you want ot of emicenditr uel sed 00 i? “Ty mae te rap sine components fo th mata ale on ‘hip ica mer of exningw coml tales. Conlin aes comes or ‘byw cles acs Ant at cms om easy Te Rx ‘eel so ou tow to mes essance ales ‘Once you tao cz esistan vals, ou wl be ter be ander ‘ids soa your ome ey aves Df th chi ul ‘hii primary remem wy sme ut eine cipsted avs work tteftne eavsh el Lear eta comers Let me som you ore of the eases methods a calle esse wae Ingato Cre C) hips contin many psf tris uch sols ‘con cde, aniston of base CMOS wansitor nd metal A pop teresor mater palo, we ap Weer pl fea fer cumple in hs Sook Thay all ship mel, acting pl re mae hin shee, \ oo, 7 dent — fenah Fie 1, Sh ofp Reman te coment we wile ‘rosa ho ne ever men eh Lat asume tat we pase 2 surat tough # sect of pogo, Shown in the agen th bet mee ck thee weld be moe Fosfor crest ffm Therefore, chr ck woud in lower ie sees ere vey hit would a es iy cay cen beater less ror forthe cent Pow tah the material. Tae, te Shes hte ihe essa alas. ter far sich pe of mae ‘enh a with ab bungee aes ‘These ye fresno ae wit we nei meas, We aed pt act suber on tee reste les So hal we can mike and eat ‘estas nor cca Fl hicks considered contre within gen IC proce WS just ne of howe tings Ws carne eget change fra sven ate ay urs we ato ay ae with nd length “The only parts we ett ary are wt and eng ‘Lets ws aly thine wo inesons sles esse. The et eon ‘whe arhow' ‘concopt of Squares {Let massa out ply Tobe ny once eth iby ke ing shape sane. The wth ual the enh ex, yeu run a caren though ow Sque ofp and meas te wala ‘he and igh edger, sou anal asin eaten, Lat we fe mene his sre of ress su nt fo aun a, Tes sy ome ou toe 29 oh 5 200: ; pee 2 ering ne pore nari New ets wie oof es sures net door each te Eos 200 cs {ew come fom th tal onectons (ne) 200 == Sy ae ws tes al Df er ai Bur Bld co ack Wha be pol of ing al host meal comets terveen hen? All mars ave reitance hex i of omnes wie lds change eal este vale, tom begin so you were o make on restr hn bh rs pase get, we ouselves of soe wit. By basi laws of econ we al eto oh ‘eeepc wat orepa Wroknp ono ye SS, 200 200 ewe 4, Re hve mare cone of rete thea he Wha ne wire for fhe sues ina ox per? Each qu xsl ke eo so cach sur il 20 ohms200 {ao cat e200 200 we Calesaig fr 200h rs ih pel nd ees codons “ei ones fare tw cme Wo esr geet ti, ot join the top two and the bottom two together as well? sg e200} 200 =] Z e200 | 200 Peer Combing rer lint er es Infact icone ri hs, hy nt jt oie il lhe npr wep al arf hte Whe oy ‘it Let just get rid of all that extra wire andl space. nee Now hes eer sam of our sk. 200 + 200 = 400 on ep and 200 200 = 40 he ata. So. ‘halt in his shape oe 4008 a pall 1 remember or parle bss, ne aoe sat tei (Sex ere chap fr hp with his rma) 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 ‘ee Camb al or et reo prt (rms sae ete he el aoc ae ame af ue speci cts forth sation Ir, ad agen tbe he sane, ands i cant at happens pop ot 200 ob fr eto ou hie to est esis nar #uppens to male he it ale, Ue he ution. Do he math sven four une of 200 chs triage hm nto aie Td sl ot 20 haa esate oe te whole aang or fe magi special nes We cold erp ong his akg ge perp alt ques, bt thal race would ys 20 oh eps he ine tbe que The mths works Ty hea values quale the wale of echo! quar esi Athugh tis ur de vos re 5s 20 chs and itis ‘Se peopl ed fo ale Shout ence wt We clo pe (he Grek eter omega nd he spe of Sue ed a> 300 per are lots ie 200 C1) jt cont gu Al urs of he sme mera in he sae process ese ve, WS jus map (Oh argh es sis) ‘Onmo-penaqare ithe hase wit sed for IC restane. oh er ane aut i ao own athe set resid te mat re ill acts nore eal sho’: Tie wl Desa Your a imcariosani uit oh ie he pret, sures teyo se om persqare valves, you don't have to nor shout how deep mater The onl Smcasios you vary ae length and width toe eos ‘ies, all ets are of Howeve in he sme proces, dpi changes me fa ‘ot supposed to oa So, we don't wey abou dep vriaton ‘Wecan simply count the amber of squares eps ofthese ofthese, Any siz square wil have the same esisive vale a ary ober size ae {his same mueial in this proces Ifyou lout omic by microns, tor itil bave the sme restance as i'you had made meters by # me ‘A square coud be $ mils by 5 mies, o 2 cm ty 2 cm oI micron by micron. tall comes out he same eestor vale forthe ame male in he ‘Sime manafacring proces, ‘ohms persquare Values orca, ohms pean ite bi united for reiance. Ooms per sae also known ain bet ent of at ean aes The os of hmyaeaga ie Jou ho tite a ‘atrial elect Remenbr ht you dott have omy at ‘hci ss eS Solets ay you hve long resistor made of eight of ou previous squares. The terial was found to hav a esi of 200 ohne per square in out ea le You thn ave 200 ch pecxqure lipid by 8 squares “eee = apm Figare How ary quar? Salis he mantras ye ‘ims pensgae ale There Joe rete ae of te ners ‘Before we mip le lok atthe cimensonal analysis jut fo double sek the resonblenes of our methed BE spare = ons We se obms-persquie is sed in one fctor and utes we in tbe second facto We can cancel the unit squares since i appeats ia both numerator and ewominator Thos we ae eft with os for ou resistance valu, exact the tits we want. Since the units canes corey. we Know our forma wll eck Now we re fe ous the fommua with umber ole Tesuare ‘Toe method ofcoutng squares then muiplyng by hobs persqure ale ia weal way wo esimae or actualy calculate the resistance of sy 1 mae al The miter oul be poy, could be met, ead be anyehiag You vast Depending on he materi of cous, the chs persquare valve wil change Toe vl of he maven you are working with sould be ery low Far ex Pie, ate poly is 23 obas-per-aqane (Gate pl se previous chapter) + 8 equares = 150 ohms ‘ou san use sche persqure metho! t aie ress ales regard lesfthedimensices othe esistor. Ay width and length canbe escalated int a number of sures, Lets sy you bane ip of mata that for ‘example, 80 whatvers by 10 whateves (ould be ryan Curent ow — 10 ry Figure 4% Santer of sare on b cle from ay rte Die egy with ‘We can divide the Dow length by the width 1 find we have $0 /10.= 8 sures, S, the mamber of gure ou have canbe acute lr [2]s[s[s [ez [s 30 Flere 4-18 10% 0 rir ded ne Bogan Unlike i junior schoo, not all your answes nee 0 be whole numbers. You aseliieh ees tor ene1, How mary sques cach of hes rests (Aste un flo et (atiscchdamem) (Wan =steen =] | awa (0 Wish = 2 Leng = 200 (6) With = 200censh =2 {Length brie dvd by wit (era) el the vu es fe @ Mew — @ 3, =00 “ypialy foreach manu rcem you ook of ales, bat ate nt sa! raf beso The mamta gh cal hte Design Mana he Process Mal rhe Ralebok ‘Tiss whe you wil ok phe esses nes of cmp out mae a our book, ths wil be led ei sh ety or set ho. (The Grek eter to is pecans ona iho, YO ‘earth oe ert nthe Elisha is bok ty th ‘sn wit se Bote taser ancl cos) The ml a ‘You il ind sms gersquare sed a bsp “The proces wile sesh va ees mal ou can seit ‘ochre Teal th maructsrer vies ik ales ‘The same mateal proves by ifaw minis sold gt dite ‘als epeing otis fr exp Yar book hl ea the for all te matoal for ir proces, ch they have aged By ow te Determine ObmepersSquar Compas make chip sighs, gs sane reir. They paca Fen thph ech ane and mes te lage ca wat ey als pet surement. You past en rh themes eset ‘ose dil. (No crn goes tip the ternal hat actly ‘meaning th voltge) Thi so knows atte FeceSemse tod of 7 ‘et mf hn pong ar Sa yeu ne measured the vote ad sou know the crent sng = you tun cau the esstune Sac t's esque ey pea thee your pera ale fra materi Simerme aoa degre wl be desing he text mars hat ‘ul be zed detormin thre ht ho acs, 10 ou hav ono ‘Beaton how these gs oe made{hangng Te! Resin Vales ne Ut Yai ‘When somebody seni an 1 proces, thy pil wil 5010 ee. ‘alte ans "Tyou hl ours Inte Wri at ido ee sce vals ul ou ie ose ‘Ad thet ay, “ou kn 1 coed we some ly lw vale ns, oe ‘meu aac ne, a se aly ih eu ones. ‘The poss engineer then ok te vaso materi they aay hn iy he pres andy, ow, wih of tee cn wee gt ale feet aac ‘Some piel IC este ales 1 Gate polp-29 3.0/0, 1 Mez—2010 100) aml eit; good ender) a Difuson—2 6020000 ‘Yn cn ae ny mac wihin a IC aces, ying cn be made in resis but some meals eter fo estan on es ores ons Poly is very good mei ees ad as welcomed leh wid By tenuate ie ey et fou tan a eu we pay win 2 MOS tans say. Thr willbe no sia ‘pee fo pot eta sof sews ome & ra ot lady fave ilo, wel tee iy ae prt of tan ‘ply; hough. he vals OFC mil a ello ke 2200 shepersgear you jut mak arent ot of you mate andj ‘ner Yul poy fins olan be wc, Soe fl anges fr essa aes 101 50cm 10010 2K sins 2K 10 ons 5: ifyouare eying emake 100K ah est ut of ming ats oh erga twill be huge. Enos, be #0100 gure OF > 5 You ty he w Sc sr eat of someting hats 30 hp ure be y-ray, lly wien one to pesmi og tft you wouldve mak i apt we Wit ean do in his ase sa ex aso na proces sp st hse vas at wl be wed Serene leis ey Mk hs ison” and "Px more (or le) pat int Umplano reve cap) So, wth xia proces eps ne an oly ei a (esp no wet gee Now wae coming the real nar nthe ss tin, wl lea how hee al nord ar ae aka Sa. sama, if we othe sheet est ft te eng a tri bes ean calc te bse esate sale fx ha et ting he lowing rma 7 {We have jut sen wy eine mtr meen oh pera, so knowns seer Now ne ne apy stro unlesand e feetprs ote comple esiane equ rare mee i Yoo ‘nace nary ceo te oma we phen he he peo Voie ote asic Restor Layout Let ftw th manufcting poses iota in making pion ee Pesto ge thts ori i eed re overhead vow side view Poly 22 Tbatate we 12 ico ler‘Wenen! onc ou to otal achow it th pth of dn calf Soon ofthe poy ier wel dor an te yer Th dia [ew ott theres fom concn th py cant aes siden Pare 18 Lyerf cee he pb ‘Then we can ach ough he xi, aig coat bles, These hls dig trough poly next cans ja whee we wat ome Sota it te poy. Hee he mame conte sie ven eS, hates we 14, es hgh eo epee als We deposi some meal int teas eb hl. The meta ils the cont ‘ie conacting te ply. nh diagram, su wl me ane hed cet tne te ad fh ply sd sot ed conta: ole te te at the pb Making one of ese postive snc ade aber naan ‘atallows he creo Now trough th py ero ay Bush oe lel (Th tal does oul spol any csp ag he le ‘nthe ne iper which have een ceil paced) == awe 15, Ml dpi te ae ma ce ne te seal come mere the don ough ie ne, ‘Taste sles form fa sto is ase este ae fund om ‘he wi of te materia an teenth tees be tw cont! ole Fire 6, Spit for of rite ‘Using the equion developed ete, ts pat ssp onthe eg wih to sect to insing we mae he Boy ent th ody wha the ‘Boesch by mera We wl conti ving bers ‘nance ota dre thermal. Sct franks hs 1, weft (lie nah on mei regence mde ao are ress fil i120, 3040 ata Thy pred spol sr sae eases ser pk as epee econ cs ey ata aes Et se mal ee ee een ve ena 2.L~ 19 nic oo p= s00n/0 I te 3.L= 10min e-s0n/0 eee 1 Den af ls ect b= Saison e=wn'd, [vat we sein ry, bower, ta the slr resists as mend force fel contact, give 2 eee value tat Bg than fpr Ts very wan te prising. 5.1 = 96 nicone 9= 9600 value grows near zero width mire || 3 Dive ten ily by 1 1 209-2000, 2 BE so = 25200 0 = 2B so-sss0 aE ae Se Saco 4 ee o2s0 Fer ete a cinscicet mary mee ss6= 152000 avers with sme set ety all aque, bt we gt i ct essunce ver I ac change resume value cre at [Sorat smal wid Ths tcl happen nls someting ee uring he essanceDsdes the ply fa ta she ce Contact Resistance Ewe mak an mene sqrt, wo ci dtnioe eo square of he body material gute easily eppeally the age vey[Remember that every material in the world bas some degree of resistance iso, ation forthe we esianos some Tiegh Dose nu sueernticen tenia Se a waco snl aad eee begs are pre aael I ecurentfiow cm pw oct, er atc wien we doused om ge But wat tote ones? tac do ot lend theeseves wel 10 the ea of sures, Fer one arc a aed loth. Afr al, why wou 208 espe al he cleton fow tot oR, ine on ode aped to Ss a? Not ely Ht, Bt SOR SS oe nha pers jt aes tt en for acing gen 8 eter sh gh a oi mia tes eth af Siu win cnn mo ery al tec ew a ap wer erainetenn eoeaaana al ———— xed length Re tnen ce_| Ss b Fire 38 Sb se tee rite ct Faw 2 Each rth a exo ta wt, 97, 0f 0 irons Let ay we finds a es we wl bole 7, te 0 chs ech com *2 Shue ote 200 ohm esse we mess = 7 tu apis eg 8 We no Bae 3 Sn Sane na and sare nth We te dob te sist with ret oe the wh se ie ince fly 5b wien mee. boy rnc om cl 1 oR20 microns microns ‘xed length 3, in as ot Teed length Peer 2, Teles or is he rcs fo fh ce ot what ma re ‘When we doubled the width ofthe coc we dod teal pa leon tow Dolng te wit o he contac in thw eae Baving mo ID-hn esinr npr, Thi ata pres we tye combine Iba essen pll you tae ony 5 oe oe 1 We pet did ye ith fe att ngs a he anibinetynereclwedh 1 Tecfr, etnow we wil mtn ih dein sine wih oct amicone sath cve we mat le mes of contin he ue tease cer mocanpse) cc Oe we Sete ioc eee ne oe ee ‘abl bee ith mr part fhe es. ou corpaately high Tas tpn he acy ne ‘alate esstor wth ges ze. Remember athe length a ‘Soot lean, 5 lengening the coat ee ue cant be el cope, et merry be ob is ices. ur dna mst oc wl expe ees es mors We we henson i= it eer ae gat pot whi scare With Tesmmee ae We wil oe he ayabol , © dowte tis os arf te contac ete cots width gts Inger the contact reine ges down tat wh gw smaller tbe comact ean pus that be cont esse is inency propria is wit Wee this rue, wih wat we Saow shot areal soe, tethdofcalaing ona sacs ae a= Be = siemens Rene ~ arin lt) oe Heres wt we know about etc resistance ofa 12 We now we mas ea p with ns a il wit sie ‘ying wf snes and reece eared a Tree we reed Some srt of chs en in he ues164 | onan re | 3a late ample se, ewe kno or cont resist i 10 on a eK wih I microns, ou cont es forma 2 Given cot sistance tar of 2 mia clt te ob (9 Wish «2 nizons J) Wis = 2 mone 1Doims = (6) Wis = 30 micros ‘hrs alas ae acl i ivy fr youby te mamta en Divide icons by wid (gies ia mins 3a, wht easy isan ico? Wee en wy be is wk tg tnt becomes mana You can yal tase ‘esa gh Youcan ee wit aris tsacotn se faa i, Lewis, you aad hve aos smile cer pam hoc a it. Howees sone uns do end thems woo vlan Ito sone sch tt urea hee nit of cient Fra eu et sed, Hae ou eer sipped atk yun was ane ist We nek wit te lhe eb on omc eso, hy a ‘esi, waa nts moet hey seal ope elo @ Bena =100 asta (kein sms ni ne we fr este faces One cnt ze sit deo lng mei ty resus fn etal in nis fil of eploensjgsvng wd he ye nsf Fone the cbm-miron fst. deem oar ont excanc makes ‘Toh oar ein, ets price fo evan "i= oft ce Brahe tr) p= sey of eet lh esa) = ree ft ca ora = be eco com see toe chm-micron auton cca he pac isu "he along sion 1. Given coma reste fe of 100 Ocoee he hie ‘hoop ich ofthe restore © Wid = smicone hon wi mart echt ih a {© Wi = omens Dering on seg roe pre sec my © Woth= 22m er hw he ae1. Uae thn given valet cleat aw ong to mak cach of hee ‘essa ehat bel Gren: R= 25 A-micons mama = | Mimcm) | Aagleims) | tephiereesconass | 2, Use tse gen van to cache ont eit, he boy es soe site tal soe fa tee ats in thc lon. Give R= 60-mloon be ute a “Us ES a a aS | »[* |» | « | 1, Use fora gen ye toe ten Sle for ta 1200~ 3 smo +2 Ress by eg va ino = 2b ra s2 Resistor ay eg = 168 mia sete Bea BE Aer a= om sea - Bp me2 gy Restor dy length ~ 829 isons 2 sito by leg = $27 icone (sete foul gen in sea gg = 2700-4205) Ra ans Ryup = 27000. Ree = 78 hea Rozsa. hye Bows Rous = 490 +26) Ruy 4500 Rn elenc ‘Sea a$ samen] 2) ( os 28 aay-30se aa pian 1 t= $ -70+2(8) Bag = 8142033) erry yes = HSB +2025) Rr Rug SR Re 1st “Why would nyo deiner warn do here celts” Jay Tiflis inthe eb come oon nd hve ene procs “We ect ct pt | eget hesvare rch hat alle oy has ope ate aa I i incr otro er tA Someone ha make Bse ing! of de vals I the odd. Thad weal the veer of eck restore were sen Thad ite ‘readhe: ok the book nb fired ot hw longa esi had oben der get the vel we won gen cont Baia ub ese ies. 1 wold mate mf one restr sd onthe res. wld eo hat these mumbers come from hs Kn of trac 0 ll Td se ond ‘wc the dor hing or po wh Ti be th eat deer ‘ron Ib tha’ and micron wie 5, have fo cal he eth Tithaetmate wu have dL mR | By the old dey. Pm ony ling $10 eae aa Now ey, 08 fo phe mftor hehe "Goat mere tao, he eh nd he liu want and werent eto you Bat soene Tato pram tm Someone hao ndeston ply toe esl ret engines ka sf and he mated ‘othr he snp ess. ging to make mae complicate sow “pple lysed on a FET, ti eae oan aw a Gate rettace apne © make th FET operate os pole Af yu remember, Gate pots ony abot 23 ohne persue This oe ‘ale wort wel for Gus tt we ange fr mn ae aly ch ‘ore han hat ou mp warren nthe 10 hme ap ly ‘ne 200 er maj 0 obs persue Soe sO ts care te este” You start wih he se ot wate Bleaiy ted sbowpoy, conc an mt. Hae’ or ne fxs Aeoving ase side ae Page ar ha (Chang ite dy mela can race te esse. TH wl ep sive you hig mre wef vate essa. “Thee are wrasse the by meri. One way woul! be 6 pests cteret yar 0 pol tat ha ere este sarcerticeHowever, why ot change the body using water lead hang deposed ‘ont the hip? This srves having 0 wea proces and ds no coe Leterme ok within ke ofthe oy ge wah ‘ohms-per-square value, a (ne way o make region of higher reise ist implant extras in he ‘ok discouraging te cas Now af electro Another ay to ieee rs ‘anc is ch sme of the poly evay, makin it tinnes. So ther we, you ‘lange the chink in the mile fn ono incene the resstance vale ‘We wl now cal his change chunk the ey ofthe ress The dimensions ofthe resist, f couse, a stl he sme, We ve simply ase he mate alin he comer overhead view side view bse ‘Figure 28 Inpanng hgh sane mate ne ep ‘se the rene of x pat crs «Bhp i the ce So, we hme a nw, specially ete area that We conser the hoy, Theres ‘sully a design rte that say how close the contact an be othe cinge ‘dy bits yu alas hve some extra oly bemen the Body and cats: just extra stu in the way. These two extra chunks of ehover poly on ier fide we will the esitor head. We wil havea het repon a ch ed of ‘he resistor These to ead aes havea erstance ale ht mst be sade in our equation The body could pow be 250 ome per square and th original poly et and "ight could be 2 olnsperasuare (Thats wy we changed the mle bi of| course) Then thee’ the esse ofthe cont aswel These are al ile ft resistanes, Sono, ou tal sistance equation cle the part he ‘specially tented body, the two extra chunks of orginal ply (one on cach en andthe mo metal contac aio one on cach ea). Each of thee resitances Ist be caked seperate then aed gether ode 0 ge het resistance vale of the estar In simplified frm, our tal esistane equation now becomes R yt tt, ne 2 oi resenc hm) en cla frock nad con ‘There a specific ohm persqure vale fo th Body, plus spuiic obs. peroquae value fo he Head ares. plus anotberchre-sicron vale for the emacs, Not nly that, bt each eon has its ova dimeasons. So, the equ on as ge quite complied ‘You we the obme-persqua or oberon alts cau each resist nce poten Ifwe expand ech of oe simpliedrvrales fom tho above ‘ution cur expandet eqn lok ie gt oe mow sth hal som) hake iy of hn hepa) mace of het eee 1 Use the eto in he et bone cle the ttl estan ofeach reso Use the given values for Ry and Rand width requirement aman m= 20/0, 70 sirens Given:mo in onan Bria onzea a0 ony Sabine vrs ioe ex egasion: pratt aetes ae Re Benet cata oe Salve gery: Ech om yd one porto ofthe el esiance— (09 Rage B30 4 3m 5)-244 523) 5)-2+2(s2a 200+ 24)+2 + 20338) et ay = 1200 (1) Ra Feggn 90 + 204) 2088) Boreas (0) Ras = 30+) -2 +f) ag 21000 3040 Fe ia ‘Wehave jst en acute restore om he dimensions you ve dowsing your CAD tol However a he el worl he mai ‘Bp oc ot pert your CAD drng The restr at a seat ca ey allen esgic) alle ot ae tan he oe ht om fie: Wecanconpense forthe atin ray non eutions Las fea loser ook the atu pars forest Dott Efocta on the Contacts ‘When te cont olsare ce te some eal no ane bt te cl dnenins ou reretchtbeodge oven slp atl alles ‘zz Comeau sarah oes fr yourcot ey ‘ie Youneedtomake ne nheou ergot ouno eagle ‘heway eestor stil one acne rhea dean ‘The manure you the process ariaton mbes. They men tues oyu. ou ight ak oe arp“ dew at rn ie In ig wi elu o he maak” They mit opi or msance, Ju ew te emi over by Octo” ‘This tees bom dav and el wai meson what well he ta ca is win ae elle tlenace, eno, sain, kangen en Ses or can: The de nl be onsite rep, oer gecesi ‘under pcesed The sol edt nce Jota he Grek ter (Groaned dln wt pod non wy wal tek) Tis hang ‘win deed Likene,change a eg ented Foreampl,W might be microns vig 0, 06 con, Titel ou the ral wh cou vary fom as tea 394 mins oo tach a Germicros copending on woh te ea rpc ovo o Delta facts onthe Boy Js ke the cea he py cule vor nerd well: tough, ype pot ge malr srg pracesing Sou wil cri Ls 8° forte boy vse elelatons swell ach dnl ea unig salu. Oe substance and rcs might hve Wal emeofse mss, saneance proces mip eo ‘ie erage They ea lao est nea dee deTopetallof ise manbe you ne to makes ery bi mts these, (ee yas exact on se for one Hem, yo stint Sa sad hn tote aloo evelyn gare at ch el 1 te by affect by with rations, go Bet ht hed he resistor wl bes well I the bay qt lnger te Be wl ge shee ews ite conc ones, Be eng ofthe hea wl et hel, Allee das usp agit to make ur lato hey Aang inthese das cr eqston, ve pet tt y+, 2 ese eer RR er ood yl mee) xt fb ae) =r i pera) 1) lng fad mon f= fhe hepsi) = ate i he oa oe mes 1 bf en sag otc tt some of tse ds may be conan more oe emest For etampl sesso egd may erty 0 maton, aking Bly longer bres th leg hehe he sane sme The ae these eran eth rn 1A resior body hth flowing dineson a dene nh = 98, ‘icon, wi = 12 asrone The mer has tty 9 ‘erature. Whe vised he sve esse wth rss 02 icon seller hn dea, What resist vl! 2A resior bud oes ft by 0.5 micro. The wee ow that dts ts ent hans cert f 09 mln, The er Is arestiyof 5 oer Calc he to valet sch fhe along ct of nena Wat [ton weew [oven 5. aul he ove resus agin fhe dro dinero ony. Colt th pocnage erence ewer he a saab Bb Eons Wah | Legh | Dawe | Fabrcaed | Percept [nace | "Nae | bites 1 Dasemine number of spaces. Mai mtr of gure by she Coking os ron, Acsouming forte 02 ecing rs Sptgg 5-00 ie 2. Theres ly wid i pti mas, oer ees in ‘taller dinero, Ths lengths a eld ms soe ching Ue wae eats derson, Sana he ea bakes.(Won [img [wa nae | @ | wn aismi9ss | mares | wim] ¢ | A nOs= RAS | WS Oa= 48 | aa] x | @ | | ate | vem [16 3 ce Soreading Resistance angona mine, Lokatth ote vew agi. Atough de wid of Be pleated th ge of emery whee teak ‘la flow sar, whee gor snd bow i os he Weer ply ae ae ming oof te cons ees ety fo oly eve mt chunks or dvs twee ate wae ‘Bi py wih? Wheredo we mesre wk? And! ho! leet? Doo ‘metre om hot cores te py? Do you messy oly betee ‘mel ent cel you rely nd he me? Drs the wh of ly cout more, oj the wih of te cones? “The ar pat of eles spt ou ae lcs eae he co et ty vetlel Tho grad pres sc rss, eared ann or aurea, ‘Spring resus sdependet om may tings ne wide cut? ‘Sula wide itor the eto negli Hower, 8 wie revo a2 Seal rt mest he caret a rr flow bf at ‘lesa with Thr pes mare rainy ars what esl ae ‘hf th esr for een, smatseeading lagesereating eRe Fee 26 Sg eo ee ei ot of ca IWaswssaia ey short nt hay deine vale may be ey incu athe imi taper cae ee With electrical width| ‘drawn width ere 7 conte oe. dhe tetera ere Stromectol hel ef pa Grr with amar el on ep Lets aes mine ook ta ater ay of ui esr hat is sprealing en‘A resin cn be made wih he contact oie the wh ply mae ‘hl There ao reat 0 wot sto! eae po Sens et hese making te wis ca aaa SS metal and contact ‘extend beyond poly ere 29. Som roves mi ie spas ro ts {he cleaons ary Som matte © maf, axa proba rope Anetra 1 reac he eating problem co make he wih of he Lei Fare 1 Mate wi of he omc some eh of acre seer pang ooo igre 42% Some mance lie ml nd ott (ed bow he pb ie em ac a ag Depending othe no, ou may may esl to do hat. Some peope malt ot Lie he ca af rings comact ole ot in exh 3 SCeetaymsy make hi leauge oe city ha samy ‘es ey a. “ery tt Tis eke ob all ide py eee Ts wath cho gt out ad get bers” Howes ober Pople nah in ih So ete ou ae Be 1 rn your cont ct in fe alr he hi ‘ete gous ru ow of et a fl enloned ona depent nyouraoncting proces les. Some pope eee peg pole opt They jst se the chin ‘cre spot to ng bth oe spressng ate entat rms no fr vas fra quer en acre eakuton. Spending esitance eal ‘hou be a separate cation fom th peta rere sce he Oma ‘sane independet fn how the caret pets Same preceses oly all one sizeof cont ole Thi is tecmse te ows Ben iene auc etn ht hing er han 8 5058 ott will eck cet Tas oe-e-ieal appar designed 0 ‘te prces ecomolably an es mle ie aout ines “Thar re var soctiqus and eguson wed ty IC maafices ermine te pang esatance tr, Nort of hc tecaigs sede ‘ow ae popeery. All wea tying achive hs tein pe he oa pees calyllows toe guess then at fl oe ste ‘or nh wh as many conte an ep tect eit ‘ur resistin sil ols tet the conc reste and spe Sse risus terms become much more completed The sat Gals 0 MME yt at ye do tee yetela nang psn cecil proce Soul caps fr ono snot ade i seo fo pose mona ‘he Big, Onaty.cosn, Total Resatance Eation {et top fo getsome pepe. Cone op or; 0 pak Inbuting yr ane i wi oe te ‘sui wing the mos pemnent arabls The Jou al sod and da ‘ner eqnion ceri spreading en deat tod cher ne shamans ‘Tha wt he eine oguton i You st th asic esse fom de Sod th you al he hey sae oe en, fant sty, ot 7 ene ooo) "= nae om pa om) ‘New tem, = stance de othe peting of els ore reading toren cach od) Thi suber define dfn cee manta Remember ht ach term in the equate seprly luted ‘wou his equi abating oil ui, ne an sow exch inde ‘al cleats moe THE BIG, OF-MY-GOSH, TOTAL RESISTANCE EQUATION pe eE Na a ste aes te Foi +2 SB, +2 yg 2, "= gf a mre Wi thet) =e of am psn) = hp fhe ie = st oy ofa ges) 1 rome ft oa ear) 1 = mi fo a "1 = orng te ere ml oes NOTE: lhe db values ae ung 1 he races big td. Che he monaco prcesing boo fore vals ou ned our euon, 1 the boy and he head em, you die by wid cae ae dng the mambo of ares th rei ph Legh died by wit ge yo umber of pa thes rms Yueh prguot aset ) Howes the cana! you de by wil case cont restance ‘ele ner designed he th dependent St ir smo at oa ‘now alaer Asmentond cri sme peopl combine hontai rm ing om. ‘Thee you hve it Your tat retnceeationO8 mya ie The gion wil vary according tte manuf, mets: een aetortng {Sti Hoven youre sue abe tere yarn ie sion geno you's cee sane ‘You can st at we've gone Hom js a Sap age song ae ey comic I ll based on psa dimes. Thesverge tout opine wil ot rotiey tno this ph Bat ihe ae {opus at peter he wll et ners he guns Do Implement hem ite CAD wa Non we ules! our sso equa. We can ue her 1 ep a make lays tat ate cert, lnc roof and ob. be net few ion ‘il ening sew ne conten when eign esi. Renenbe ht nuh cotl he inthe dil (ogi el ‘eto he outer shee bead res eects fcc sige dos ot ow mac abot stor icon, he will jis -T wena ein ttt 2 con ride aed 00 ema” The got ‘einer ces fn te lng of te by ema 1 rn chs nelle Even ft wee alae se wold eso mich aston inthe cdma he esate ve cu go ee ple tcl be out by aftr of 0, more tld. minimum boy leh of 10 icons ens some of hse ig ould be pei les yO of x rn Tht eget doen dies of our lcs yo wan fy acer Ri, ake "misc ge omnia ec he eee Ale Tham ae sary ng ody tw 8 mcr, 1 ‘width Is S micros. Likewise mk yur minimum wih 5 icons. This hes ens err scare an esses Tou te ey Hah act st, ‘sak thm wie ad longer Te dela wil ot hae bt ou mae EL sign Resistancetow Precision ‘ow hr are same eases where youJust ea vale The signer my tart Sk or 10K, a nga Di You js aod ae are es ee nro pret our cee Xp ae lacy, you ave high tn prague mel ou cn werk i hay sur eu Type, however on a CMOS prove youre tc ‘riba sw ateperepevla. Si you he deg wha wen {TOK sinc ne ceo him “hat ioing? Why oyu wae tne designer indicus one ae sth ale rachel et itary poe dowa by Ist for nang ten you ean se ewsting aes ‘ta minimum paces nh hgh emilee Fete 3 ‘he people who mete desig ss ll yur ata mim wil ou Tay wily fr example “Wi heer eve oe man WE Ft ncron 0 mae the wi on na cae Uy ein wie ty ml ca be mh sai a innin wih of material eae fora cont stu. Comes ‘ine hth esse as coat hats ara than he oy Wa Tus dite ize ves usa sap a as very chars apes ce. The sage Tks doghone, Fa ht thy al ia dogbowe Fo “high au, on’ ca” esning ou nada ry ih ests, yo ‘cat shut he ase ming our eso is wa sree Ante opto fy tae sou fn col oe ae Fetus (otra te pth. This us pel gue sk espe ‘Thisisclled serpentine restr ame os epee ik pennies Yokoo sont ea and re ie to pnt. ow he sn ony once”ere -32 Hv cet spent met Althogh it pot ait ou coat ares Syuars are your frend ‘The season at coun th Squrs c peet tat rcrnr stch bend i cate ted outer comernot used Flr 634, tons om lo ah hee come sr ale he Cot tr er bt . ‘only count it as a half square. bend you Thc endare mathematically mrethan ext af of equa, bt wig taf 5 ety i Ifyou ook in ome ofthe een bled in te bos ‘aly youcan ives he mathe root aF sow ts ely rks “ud oe serpentine mich myo They ao hae 50 many eran rsitor yes you can chooser apo hat hes yy 2 une fe ‘ona siz ch. Low RecistanceHigh Precision you wort ey low vas, hgh pesos sito we big cus of se. Meal wil ge you the ow esistance You wan Toe pe sie wil nie he tf your i png our pros ‘irc digner may a 0 Yu tat eh sting ike this Twa 10 ilarps tran tush 2200 sexsor at hes a 200m saame he "How wie do yon ake ate? ooonms S) 10ma Fu 3 Sori yang al hermione sing some singe cosets, we ci femoe the gcse, Conse the chmpersaur ofthe males equred Tht hall ge yous se of ‘ow many gues you require nhs vane weve 2 Vague eseRemerbe fr bt accu, Jo tot make it any she fe 0 rn log oe example tht gun 010 recon long by 10 mise raking tage) 1 by 1, tar see wa ure wa 200 oe Bee you ny ot your 10 by 1D seis, sing pou! ht yo lee eu ona dinero, tp cose Your ane er cap ou dost ‘sel wit to wie our base with you! You done Hip no, ook por was and ie you ave lef care you we sige ‘rly wie Now i 10 mons wide capo ane 10 milage ‘You gp back o your proces tok uk a etn cll arent emtes for he pacar ail vsied The miruncuers maser tpn ow ck theses Iya havea ely hk sb of materal ou can ‘oe cre rough (Tis ot he se these tomes wae val wl find int process maa) Whats cuent density? A caret deny ith oat of eure ate al cn hud realy The wor be eh For example You eat indeed wir your hued les ar wt tan bel ne but ea acy ‘be wie wl werent Tis wil mek natn tose ‘end your wif fo es mothers while your Or yout capone ke wl she rebuke beer pin cose set (Sse el ie forte er ‘Atuch hse wie wl be ae fan the cern of ou i wot rsteating 1 sous tongs, pep fr ay Seas So ony ae ‘Wie wif wok tt how lag? Tne a ror Ine Soe ies when conse your lates rier. Thats wip we ok cay ews, sao rer wil beable bane varios ameuns of sat ‘eat_bet ag, the qusion i for ow lng? Caney ne hve ‘ose wh thts spopie er he cae t snsng ogh Curette forrest in a IC a sly very coment They at for aclibiy fcr inte ea of ou Sr You can ane tarwithmor caret ans ring et ou secs tll ftp 1 ston he io your pode. Tes wor ets a ht sad dt nly wok for awe en teal de frsome reste, Ta coop apes ‘amish Te pict ae nowetbe ante iy atch ot ‘ode with beter it engine wha Kno chek saree dztos, Simmer io hen sing cron rig i ur process ‘mana swell Th the crt urd Bw esr ihn ‘crn me Tis might be fon, ar me Atha in you poe haa be usd cary current Sold ave ca ‘aden ance with Ifyou ne alt you ma ie ‘ary cre bt you dais exact draty DONT USE TE Ao sa eatow widen make tt lle 1 your designe sisson using his undcumente ner seam Ma! mu deren rn ht tse ren poles, ak pocnng pln bine ‘A piles densy bout ila lee per mic o with ie dependent on wih Besse te wider you make he more caret can Il cr sa pre. iiort S mA per miro of with One we find stings per mic vale, me muiply ta alae by ‘wh The suk pies he wlsarpe te ontar ca anl ea B= crn dey ofa non pe om) Po ahem cond epee ae eee ee eee EctsSak'nilyGuaconsmapdiy oS) Weleee poten, ‘ug bck yor simi designer and sy Tm exseoting he suet den Sip ya her owe me yu cee he width a en 20 “aa mil ge me 10 milange He sy "Dh! [sould hn ow ta” He masta wi of 20 os ‘Cerrent dense are mpertant for choosing the width of ester: ine cect desea hi cert density names nadine fora ‘licearying lt fee wil con is stor di acer. A Tyas dearer stay os ele shes hone nos ae [isk npeliftis wo esses lange enough oan that inde oss te reel be eee ee rd evr chsago'b pen sige ou oencacha tae Same Shee os lees Galton Target to oredr Scones mene cata ‘hoc sag tr nr ge nh araSometimes, if you are Jock, your eieut signer will amoute i Schematic ol you that wir nee to handle a certain amount of ut However, awe do aoter double check an ay, "Ok whe ese rea omg fom sd wien going fo? Tis i why layout pope to krow about ylage and eure Prey single ccsten you trot fply two mumber tpetie-—but you can sea whole pot Oy nding estos Remember io check the cutee densities fr everyting Chest all "But someties chips hve towands of resistors. This would take you forever” You can check eery lam ona whole chip but ow may come lock hat has, Sy, andre ants The fret hg yu tte al eign, “How muck erent lowing In ths cl?” ‘ ‘Whe srs, “10 mi-amo” yu ask where lowing “Through that Porton” “ls hat the ony lace it Jong tough?” No, how and here” What about the et?” “Ok. ha nb a compe haired micr-ampa” “Ot we on lat het Thong con ph He sen do pesa ie wh argh carpe hots where you do you ex calalatont 1. A resistor neds to carry 10 micrvampe, It he width of 3 microns. its cute: densty values 0.2 mil-ampimicron, wl he reson be relate? = 2 A process has resisor whose cure! density vas 025 mA min. ‘What are he cman curr for he following wit Sea a Cane a3 pees 3. We eed a esisor hats capable of handing 12 WA. The vale aso be 50 obs and aces good innit process aan, We hve te ‘ype rom wn chose POLY — sae Sih kgs an wale Cpu er fasion pao Tis 6 rsp apace bat om Ss Ine ‘he itn of your dcr daemines te capasane ale. The lst theo pull ats athe moreno ve Sauer Sie. te ofr more spscance. Using 4 go tin Siri etd i ‘awe ae sen ison apcton ve a parait capacnce acs ihe PX junction A ial ato btom pat of « isin capacitor vill somal coupe to be bse Now, you mig noc have owt OF ths. amie his apo i aly ‘emit eapactunce depends 0 the vlage pce she pe Sot argo eo pit oe csi Ne ‘dere Te cpuctance hangs sib Gt gece 9 Sort charges tcapstancs. Hmm Ne might och Dian spctors can work well a Hed vole desounting cpu, ‘boo the voles sa, we an eto he cpanel Parasite Capactance ‘Unforunaey,oFrtate epeting on 3 oi ve, aN weg ina P= repen wich roves suomi otic or, The frat isis tat we ean tt pink chinks of nl ow, nk ca of oy ‘Thea sito ce enn where we ses acorn ck DC Yoluge bt pis the AC saa ough ode neat iat beck A eapaue thot charge aloe peng oe te olge sre otal ‘tcp ante getinset apr tiskind of we, Cesequenty most sgl capaci ae mae of al This eis he GRE PX encom nich musts the horn capacitance hat rte Soe = ‘ko, the vols dependes seme ci Farell N el led eth Ge oe [eae Mea gel evesa Ps Pte 12 Mt asco mae sie ia ovee he unforunate pur is thatthe N wollte Pabst unmet | mons fummre eral piste Et fre aohercapactane hw BEN sel broth N ad te The PS jan te dc bare Ineo cases whe jou atom aoe cacht, Jou eet asa hat ‘hep pln does mt te Bat pate So, pel IC acess reat lor ha uly gute tek ‘Therese wills ser apasc apace comme 0 she, See pple rl te prs capac, Hower si apc | Isto he eon oa esate cessed Bt ifmodslad aa de. There tha mht rary pele do Toy mae parse cpanel beeen he Nal aad bisa | The maze cps constant four egutins is sty ili dae ice cine: ler nf tic ne con i wed pain sor ou ilson captor, een witha hk erie Wi ifyon somes your N wll somewhere any? I yu sean 9M ell wie yous oe sop to enact Jou might ear Da Mlode tees ie waste ste Shee he aac ly ep sof pari rk tthe same id of topcase aera inn capaci tee veo be mc mach 1 Thttr mt net apt can ct al eae ta a ison Pipe once fers anal Gal cpa ou sagt weet re With It you mode he pari apsians aa dnd, your SPICE i ie coud ifm you ofthis posse pablo, Ts re cn TH‘Stacked Metal capactr To ener sone ofthe awed by mel captor nee ue i, Dapeng one ster mal you hn, ou sid eke wht sae ele meat pater sc arly po ch ober ke ek of faken®Capaceaee occa for ach ft aes al he a ‘op eer One spo tl htm weds fers thal tre 1B Gage of antar e pieee Exel so ve ner ie ee sito gs more capes ern of ea of chip sue. vide capaci Meliss ewig or i We arma want a ede capa Semen rater han sete Therfre. mes me nie Aly apg co rece the paste opurtance. hee pals el is i =~ = aime aig et et cine ne i ou ca incre tcp lof etme capa 8 ah any Caps, by adusing he thc of te ilo ne athe ane 3 {Bek ue deine eres made a Nery th deco bye by nding a slic ide ier, ou ree ama mre pone ds {Hwee nga ion te se rei ors man a8 in pce spo wil ie if you sate make tao ft Timor cts roceing fr bigger etl pts ae? Now youn iy lon betnsn metal wh you ses etek ideo, ad you he copastancebeween meals were ou wea pei thn ste ner ach sec bere you ced tem. Ou ere Nie fee, Low capctsne bee Lot af pct thee Asin he se fecal ine. Good job Nour al lige ze working fe Yo ju a Yo [Capeciace canbe bya ofr sey ig sed in our Tha cold be good sors Tha ca be bad news You job So enh. fe cpncance tarps aly. Yo might yee oo mi yoke advange «Or somes you migitcven cue to meee sally Wy cot capactnc with he evest amber a roses Sep a ob sale sou i ral eae ested eb. Mine you wil cme yp wih ome rik of your Tels, We can aby anc section 0 cape ad cal by you cae adv Su Bene, this caperis kind of smal, sw you a chapter: 1 eal Deter Mi Cle apie 1 Copter nce a ss 1 reqney sete fates1h togeney Fer 1 Buleing a N wel capacior Perper apace Pri capactance 1 Sucking ities apc 1 ivi copacices Bipolar Transistors ew’ what youre going seein scape: 1 Wate ond tou aint Gate apace Fase svn of eas How processing limi or ccs “The par of Bipolar wich Baling sices vray Baie layers bought te op 18 Wy we wally don utr with PNP avachs 18 To bigest protien freer pope with CMOS experience Tosca ld mos! fhe compen we hae deca oi ig a asc Mos procs ‘Ae wesw inthe CMOS layout seo, he inherent Gat eapciancs in {GOS tansitrs slows our device, Home, nt al» pala rae Der te michig ron canbe made tuck ral Making eins Pele reduces apse pwns treo save te caputane poten yee [At htc sale RC tne cor they operste ch fer tan 2 {RSS ans Fat goed. polar god. To irs power chap.We ae te name Bila because tists tx both ects a in ales thse nears cperton af one oleate ‘ous, weather ple rac les Two oes plan es eu cou cll CMOS wars unl Svc ec only er nt N ‘ype of earer dang operation pe CMOS taster ses Ne ‘in condi fringe Doping lvl of he Nae ype difisons in a CMOS procs ae pi ‘man rhe CMOS rss operon, mt fir elt tsa ope su precesiag spe. ipl an iiss opi San Pvc 2 Biol deviee:Thevefie ou do al prog ey pod Bipolar sig pai CMOS. ‘ou wl find manufrs pial oer pure CMOS poe ora Bipdarpoeses jou ntamatireofie wo pesstancuronbe nt afr tee aceite dpe same vey een snd ey compe ewe 3, NPN airs com fom ote mos *K ees, NPN nor a Les cumin he theory bhi these Bip devin, ‘We do nt sry ae nw how erry device mrs do a at Hoc eu etn ur sho oar iyo a te econ you mi a er uss Pasa ety tow a FET we pe tp deh a pur Sot soe be ce ao ee ? oan XP set cone in op (hich we al Be Clem uses oneal ae (che cl he Bn nd ges ot he Deno oe are ter, Ne wil er ohy eri eld ean bad ef Bgl tas NPN entangle psc an Ester sory when we sew eve brs tes Lat it ok aan NPN doce, The PSPs ced eS Sitar to FET ooking ata oe sec ft i, ae PS justo Ta ipl wanssor sc sas ny any soft mera isu lin, old PN junctions S fa hs stl eaemBes = CMOS rans Awe for youre sore of oeton caren woul te {Gind»Calece an wy the seal Coleco comets cen sud be cla teEte Does scan tk oyu? Tink You cma fait unr ana dds (A PN = ‘The smb fr oder wold show wo aed at ha beta Conventional caren alsin he oppose diecton fom coon fe ‘Tee NPN eassor symbol resembles hs o-ring. Tt help you remember te sol Hamre wc ol nao ong the ewer een i ax sym Thea denies coment2a NPN teeta ofelestont jmp ap tthe coer Pseton, Assn me Dovel cage apd ars seni erie: Imagine what beeen hk a wet preva oad he bias tongs source off fe le What wold hey ogo thar hey se scan reine pv ohage ming fom a as ile bigher™ ‘Au NPN and an FET fon inlay. Ia uh devices, caret es Sons idile epe, om pute eae op obo. Somer ‘hex Somes cs ot An NPN taser wes cre! on snd [otter ET. Thi sch se depen on he Vlgr one ol tein. Eire Gate nan FET, oie Brena The nce ge ‘Soule Theft sbole se mlst, ow an NPN Werks Tomlin hw AB He opts et et ie eo ‘Figure “Oh ie mick mee aot pr he ‘As youll ina gular FN jnetin ne havea abundoce felon ‘herein Sk prc agerhart dee Tye regi, a an suns o ols cr Pye pon By pla Iae pine vlge onthe Pisin an epie vgs on Be NE fun we fre base PN uncon Ecos st one he. the Fe effectively have cures aos a PN unto. Ree tk a hi oak remind yours tow s PN net wos) We cl he msg olag the as oe Tewari he union Fortis deve to operate it PN janet mus be fora ase To fr rus piel PS jae we romed 08 Y Wi smo age {ppl elton bea o Nw in he tweaks he op tage seve voir st $V coe th hole devi, ie tne ha a aleny umpedinth¥kep aig upward They 5 ths men bigger apes "Ah that MUCH more ire” Bevase tbe Bee sean ahi the ei leone cana sp. (Sipey 2088) ‘They coe pourg cert ge ho mach coy th ier ose emg Gusto hn pero? nonin op Nye Ihe Pree ero ch th esos woud not ave enough ener pth 0 teat ory N wang wih’ vl Se he Prion has 0 Bevery it is to yang nc ore ome oage est nie dvi. he major ote Eure atseo owner ag fervanbanedPNjuncionnon mal {hc upper \ Tye ez Sr lst do cote on i og Path boW ter Goer avery Snycret sl Moning tage ea eons Nin em Le cxend cr undertnding of Ria sich abe Iperat te. ad aot cut hate etie NPN. We iE ‘ston tle sch ee tans hogh as mow eat eto eas, Ore valuge app aos st the Sot PN oe sry ol tar eons ae ning Nae a ving No Ths io werd You hive vere Hae de te coring eee fy. Arevene base nde cant pormaly cont eli. C=“Te otom N reson is emiting lens tat are bing cles ‘Nregin, Hence fhe asoes Emterand Color. by hep N gare 1. NPN recon the Coleco Bese and Emir CGrmoniona cart deco i shown we rem So. thr they go. Electrons emited and collate! but only along ss we ce them wt our lite Of volage cos the fist PN jun Witt ot litle 08 V cei the electrons woul ever make i far ough to kaw ae. ‘hing er exsed Elesons would nate the boom ca 8 ‘Thea curent that ows in he formadbissed Base Ete jncton isi ‘lemore tana ausanee, ican be a fact «hundred or more sales ta the carrent acts te Collector and Emiter Ist 5 the counterpart (Gate inthe FET, as the sich cota ‘ate inn FET ony avs cue darng the time that te Gato ‘apc is cating o dicarpngcanging vote Ta conte, the Bast ‘ent of Bipolar tansistor salves Nowins, eal te Base cue of 2 Bipolar rans shouldbe 2erf were ze, then we would bv the perf volage-conuoledsviteh However, arent mus ow fr 2 Bipot ‘opens. Unfounatey in onde aid logic Gates with Bipolar transite, tnt, ti etre mst fw all the ne. Therefore, hile Bipolar vi are fer they bure more caren. That is why most microproceso AE ‘CMOS. CMOS uses a a es poner ; polar ase more pone ‘Te aio Hercen ColeteEmitercueat and Base curent sell bets ofthe device. Fr example jou cold hve one hae mirosmps Os "Ramee a ae cai hain fo dhe Comet {ng in the Collector and aoe mira asthe Base curent. Thi ives you be of 100 However, sometimes any Base caret, een sll, coulé be undesirable, I tira creat fom your sat Remember nes we Gscissed Puig digi fa Gates we waited the Gates normaly of not aking cuen ‘The beta rato changes depending. how you drive the wansitor.The Base fureat of Bipolar tanssor fe varate, For earple at some point your (CollevEmitercurentcannot incre farther, bute Base Eis cent fen Tis araliy can cane cit eaaches, Foe he fest tie, wil dscats verde processing Vic device pro (esng nchaigues low more accuracy inte corstaction of Bipolar asi for We can minke the cena! P Base region mach smalls than wing vial consraction. Therefore, since te Prepon ate smaller, Biol tenis are ch aster witches than FETS. Leis ook tthe constrain of Bipolar vies ober understand this ies. atv ‘Sitch Area Comparison [Compara simple FET with simple polar rans. Onan FET, te Gate leg, L, derrmines the speed of device. On the Bp, th width of the P repo dcermines the seed ofthe device, Te aor he distance bewesn N fons the faster we can sich current flow of abd of between these rezions. Ina sped swiching comes, eral wins. je) ea sr P Pi Seth P pio of verte oir a mich iar linens bomen Vegi! an he Ga ni he PET riainum lng of he FET Gate depends on ho wellean you print your fom the wafer However, na Bipolar wansstor yu can se js iy,ck inp ctx tin lr of? Tho its eer a cea Soy tinier Ga pe rs pla ater Since we want contol the Bas miter jancson much move ‘refill than the Base Collector juin, we wl bud he device upside downs Surprisingly that pats the Emiver on op, the Base i the midland Even if you coud build an NPN horizontally you cmbo ju plac yey AMM he Coleco the bot sal P section betwen two N's The prota i that cach ofthe thee roger, ede a contact, We weld havo inreate the ie of the Prsion none, fire with a cootct That spoil the atantge dosn't The Preis, becomes oobi Firs e eublsh our Collector ara witha chunk of N Leer Fier 618, Prat oath Calc as Anes the waft wth Pept ayer ve the top dst the Collec, gare 8. Horomia NPN nt fre he Prion arg that (ur Cliactr becomes nger sd es dst ees ita coma iT lw hoch So Bipolar wansstos are uit using Ines tacked on op of each ther Thy eka = vera devices Fire 1h. Dison sea Construction of Layers Accessing te Base and he Collector might seem tough wit a verzal sacked NPN wate These tno les ie below th sre, Honea appeas equet, people were sever Someone rane tht the Boral length of oor Ines doesnot nerf wih the sped of the device, Ta ‘he ky ‘Aso, when we cet the Petal aver, we buried our Collector under How can we connect a mania ne vs jut bred? Ave cused bey Inthe proceasing espe, we can Implant sore atonal N deep encuph 10 make contact wth he bred N. Thi crete aN paway gving ws surface feces 10 the buried Callector. The implnted Ne sae fom te "op Wl Let uid vera NP, se by tpt ier undersand our deve become our Collector termina ‘out Depending on your tchnogy and processing. you might contract Base and miter very diferent | wil ust dea very ol fasiond asst as ar basic example. The eas py al ‘Consracton of the BosefEmiter junction is much more important than Bf BaseColetor uncon, The eats inte Exar aely fll ove he rierevar so genily However, onc th lectons get asthe Dae, th Col ‘an be imagined s Justa ig ethers mit. So, the send uncon, Colic need nt be as wel conta Fig 12 tmponig cnmaion whe bred a Neu, we place the Base region eon of special doped above tuted layer of N. Nosce i oes ot coer the entre bused N repon, sce the InplanedN comet he 3. ‘We want o til or mot acutely controled rein a the tp, a cess. Layer paced ear il safer more ion and stress haSESS ‘Figs 18. Bese gion crt ober bred yer Weslrendy ve some Pin his ts fom the Pei, but we wat conta be oping of ths Peegion more carflly. So, ow Bae note plat Me ‘agp the P very shallow: of cous, to gives fae wichng spe (ur as spin he consttion of Bipolar ante imple seme N far the Emir. Noie how much seller our Ete N region i than be CotlesiorN tha we busied i eter steps. That fine. Scr he bo layer represents our ovr eather’ mit, oa in with bei ge td difised. Remember, coool maters mos in he upper PN og et Pir 16 tore comes ou Er enw hve te riot oma era lepers The contac we to RE and C Because we pulled our P Bas ifisio ut athe sie farther han ede hve rom comes: i Our met contacts on the surface ar inte loming order, ef tsa: Base, Emer, and Colleton. Flee 615 Me coum en cary ‘The tp view of atypical NPN appre at sip showing the He ‘acts for Bese, Emit and Collector Natie the ono N coat ach oer PN UN Fier 6-16 Tyrie o PN die. Ne he eae coma esta region oF NPN: No, Lean ely. Go init in th abe fig before you ead on. The aa that does he wor, sie ete device?) teenie rangi Everything inteeiag happens in he center, construction of avert NPN uses excess N a P materia piled ot te sides, wo provide setae ace, The etal NPN acon iol located lire ayers sack vere Neue precios hip el xe eh the bridles, but the peed ofthe end device i teri Base implant extends out of the sides ofthe devs, yond the centr Jn of ati, Te resize ofthis diised plant exes ene secs sistance geting ever abd wy othe contact also pull ut Colletor or these, and up, so there must be subs tosh the Colter aswel Moreover, we ve or thal PN con atthe bt, cresting bg capastance a sbtrate othe Cll, a these prs, te most promises ae the Bas reste an he Bector capaci, Tete paratis slom things cooserty Some we have cover sluions 1 sbow yu, Bu a0 ene hs ved them Ye (Le‘snow who youd) Lt hn, just an the prss wel yoyo Jas as we can bil complementary NFET and PFET devs na Cos. recs the compen! othe NPN dist 2 PNP dove Nae (Coles an Eira seal oN The Base 8 nsead fb ‘Pie 18 Compo dose, PSP The aro indstesthe diron of et fm in te Emi, whch wil atic. ithe opose cton hn he NPW a you ape Rpola proceso, ter our PNP very cay abil ipa eels you an for Bila oc. ‘A sein process becoming pup conines Blais ant CMOS ‘eins, Asn ata HEMOS proces CMOS er ped of NP nest do Al eh, = Ee Piwe 618 Lael PsP pot lard PAP, youn bel wo inns yey feo sof. erie esses nthe el A car econ woul val PNPN ge gee 38 Yon «PSP a ell lb el Hom ve EPA ern PIP oe king the el PNP on he to, ou might se concen ies of ah cbr tha inply secon spin an PET! You ond aid he inane PAPE ins.Iori ll you nein nor tous tw lose ou can place red ier fo ured ln Bed tyes oudifine mot, hey weed bee et Th nar to ee apa Indo ving nip Enter, sor ol dpe optim Np Doping wih Sofas tne esse haa Slow ape Tere you hae. That how om ur ase, complementary Bp swichen NPN sad PNP. lhl ‘atte CMOS, win as fny sou in daring ad ing Jt aed lied fis gle mach npr ape (Once you dtmine hw coe sou cr place your ui es, thet of out ieet jt wong atthe cal wimg rales So ou coe Bipolar ous more Seaghforvad han CMOS you. sy esprence nang ther, CMOS engines slr os fm "ofthat Thy oe acotomed i motering 30140 "When em, “Wl ou ft place Be retort down and ire hen ip" they pear scare kon fen Teed or 300 40 res on ya don You ned oo for = got st te eof Sag with ut 0 Srl, ow can mck mor inde! ho placing oir Your work much ore cee Ie of pending Your or wok Since Bipolar wasn piclly in ir hgh reson ang a hg feguee-hiph pein anak ei, you mus fara de wi these ew enters Faker a te wr and cement of Se ‘pest ach ct, and Mh fegenry cos sulin Icome te inprtt Mach more han on ul spec. cover tee ade ‘sei iste eur companion bk, whieh les ou feo he fad ‘peters nhs tk) =e Mask ese with extensive cg nly CMOS ich ally find i diet e tars into Biplr ayo CMOS testo ‘eguite may design rus th ask der aot oKnon exe Howe sete Bipolar vies repre for you, dev sing eee ee A Bsa tinou eon shold kno ese ci eons and J sreun wei hn » CHOS lout eign. Nota lr roe tay cron you can lem eps 2 gret Sa For CMOS youn faveserg of cic coe i 2a pet wderndng the “Tiscn sometinese ute sc ote fan tm Un yo a a ‘ut fon els in x Bplay stan be try see woking YO ‘xectn notre yo abyss wana th ofc looking fal hse ules you Kaw mus ex You il wane ‘orbs knw wht hei ling Soe nMOS, me worry more about egal Bolg we mory more boa ree actin a Bipot out te cist aon sport You nay abt wh te ccs ang so ding alter an wheter 2 Sse 00 lou to Gasp. You ory abut ‘wtuer you tve jour Erie sp png mache fom this device some ter eri on he her eo te forme ou ave 56 ow Brug you gon. Fer example if oa enplonetouce-in shin CMOS oes ‘ed to im how close crac ca get Gen, a as a a Pst a ace cus nd how ifn sea wl down Yu tl tow your CMOS eles xia These es bene yur ob 00 ‘Wa iptrtexnolges you ae jase a re-efied ieof ie {oH allt ler a ne fr ou That ob ig tl swede The ender iso conte earn or ere es me {owt dene noo glam in cca, ing psi "Win aethe desig ales” Or "Watare tems need®MBees you are dela with mc ihe tenth a ‘dnands move of our aentin fn ha she fic ‘tack Box Pacem os Bipolar devs a eyo a an FET Consenenty, shige eve our ese gt an wi On pla poceses pe yous setae orm 10 nd devices oe ‘odes ine been nll ermine, Ys eae ie hee $10 ‘es. You aed “Tas ow thy wa pr Yu te ach ea fain Nowra fe dvies oe eae Bipolar taste se box map uncer ‘is wei to understand what wih boxes. ingot One yon unfeand he box our yt Yates ju an et ener. Ofcourse, someone crn sige tated ee bt fi pice nde the places, fun, ow ll wed. sake ‘ow how s Bipolar deve wok in ce you ae Old tigate ah Bou doves ‘The done many Bpolr ayo ie, Carseat Hate (CMOS las. Pee oe el hese rar ou hoe jlo. Th he hen et Ton ou cut designer wil b mach mare cite you ‘nth ptr telcos Doe of th oe inn nd tes ive. Things ou can gt ony ihn CMOS ou co ‘his polar ie ong “Otho wo room place as hws us move oof he wy” 3 out et spanked bythe ity He wil ay“ do’ av rom Tis rant hase net hs tas ‘he nr tha ns from he Clit fans the Em ier 2s be as hr ween pas ma That pe 1 crea the operation 9f te eet Coy as fequenter sart0risin CMOS, kayo it mare aly CMOS jt “mabe compact posi Bar ren desiy ale and ena you go. Bolas mach more poe ety sok perl oOeig mal Bl ot i Tey fect mtn asa nih pa EMS a se fi trois rk does ptr yeu Woe moe en, pny win high dency cere ey a el nel se ir wat ous in tisha 18 Resingcputanc wih vere 18 Far sche wine am ess 18 PNP requires era poe flan 1 How an NPN ean peas ‘Einar, Ase and Cleo 1 planting coms Due ies 11 NP aback fr oth eral mahods 1 Advi fr the CMOS-epeence ener eigrcn ioe door aaapemce elt Inewso svc faHer what you'e ping sn hs hap 1A lok a ome sire eso ides 1 My we mld nat to we aansoa doe 1 How to preven olge 29 om using cur hips i Sone ciao oath tcl shapes of dds Shiite sil hp As weve eae aus Penton, eed ccs hve P Type implants aN Type imps ll ve he as. Win enon yon an makes hot of ypu of the So PS junsoncmbmatns ae more vei tan ee. The ees rs onthe ping end ilo fo mp ed teas, Nal ston he ae lean ect trough a oe may oly ps non econ. ‘eth arr of deo oie devices fom ach eer I aon, loss ect es fr wider eeLee what pps eel sre Nino 3 sabre” dn his So Pele cal want coli ode ete tan By 05 dy ‘Seletoe, oat peopl hve developed several apis method ot BipotarTransstor Dioae In Bipot nator cis, becoise of dose depen on itech. asad of tiga chk 9¢ Pind wc ofc rm or mpl oe, ou cous» Bp tansisor as ade Imig inde jas yea rae te con Renner oh lt shape Biplar tenis s NPN; Clect, Base Enter The Busi PN json de Yu col te ‘oyu wath dod mi? Ho you wet 0 wai? How thd A ote The Beenie PN ee Fret wih te dete in our proce? Wil you eed Biol nse {or eMOS mss? The anne o ese uestonsdeernine hw ou wil ‘Shoanas your bosch Pang wh se, hw coi ey ‘Sa whet oie ies! wast oapnents ado, ‘Regular Diode ‘One of tsp ways make PX jnton st plat ome Nit he Pie mb. Iis ot vy cool, wg, ease yoo ae mt he ‘iim fates th Pipe seat oping eel gprs be. Howe, Ire doen ih lee you wl cene a wel oe Fre Teter vel Picts Dn ot ofa on are de Somes we ned te escarole to ese sae ‘ya iplr tas otk be sso The eect es of oa plan Gods eer ml nore se he ca ric of Biple mist, since ir bso eps we ey tee So wien Uacking Selatan se rather tans oe fencing. Hove ou ol ws the Base and Eater portion ofthe Belt Pare 7 4 dink P ction npg ne Pat esis fr te dade tasting properties. Since you cated an ete shear Ise EmineCallecor wns bot calyx the Base ma Ei os to dosrethng wit oe Caller, Mappa shor he Base sppteatons for Reel Diode Siar ty te Dan 8 secs Pa it Se po Las anos cae oa Sitomevoane oman iene feces cpa on ects aoe : motes cape, ou can mle 4 pie apr wig Sod Te dared eo ck path of ops Tm epee nv oes ue eo ee ‘tule wih ree ene. Shoring be Coleco ite Bsrila has what we mane: Whine slated the chances of ye thes on he hip Wr en ake meaarenens aos st Dew compen (hich low math hr hacer ff These, we Koo wa te peanuts wold be if ne are mene te aul Cat uesion [Atha nd we hve nt bated ut aay cet Weve apy caper Avptatin fr ips Traaiatr Dade Se eae ‘nr We nan eee care poy eh ieee e eee ee eens eee ‘bothering the original circuit. — From a lnout nin, you can make is taking ide by eter of me fortbods, One mod ai regu tani comeing the Coke Ive cont a dod, Dad a simi sist, acs he Base ee ‘ground ne can auth oiage aro The chances te Sa Ateetney ou stn we «Riots oat inating the bud Sethe sane ase carci a te aE ton om Bp tans you inn the Coir and oct es Fee 7 Tig ade maby einai als nd oma @ a riper oo Plane 7-4 Chg: Mee eR ith cig he his metod cul! iter enplaining Le nk hse ek tev sng Bipolar tanior ges sa PN econ mae of eae evened mails the deve wen 9 tack hugh we fave lest he Color ARtough roses a wackng doe, he de doe ot ach cy witout a spats i ‘Be Character of racing de ha misono” ‘ow le’ shige te cc iacledea Blo nso de in plo he gure. Becast hs ode x ompon te ane mel ae daring hse pocsing ste wast Qs Gnd wl nee hres ar ss proved hy tye oh eo tain = a alto cues masa, st el ave he Collen pla, ad the shoring eign ede esue Beer mahig By Ui ol srs yas pated he Severe he sae Yu ile 4 er peer that had ou eds lode, Seto he pence of te pout perpen, you do ot ew that ae aso YOu ‘Pee Example ing Br rs de thers mp comme as eure‘Abate of he various pes of dee mali the vracto lode. The ‘actor die tr aie variable non crunch a pan ae Votge you put aco tA dads ex this chamois. Da nae tor de, he dopants have bee spell chosen Yo eune thi a Te cpuctane ofthe diode depends on te number elec ales present Asyou nce or dct spied lag heres nino "ie senicondactrae er otal or reply te olage me ‘Toe pote baie inceses deceased te palin oo semiconductor gt fart apr cloner ogee Ase smn cape tee ‘eee 1, Ce eon of shri de pe vie sin Sind i sap the enc sre in rou th Nene Pi ne ch ies sn i eo ny conte Peta ot Sg arte os cso he ney wee te cip Ths pe of ESD de an pe P share ply sto mot SD pen.20 | cure eee Ins CMOS poses the state ives a fs, rng m ad Rosny Ue tos ou aka te Br i at We 30 Ddee Melly he wl on er ci. Using he Nel ge imp snr of sured 2g ef Ths shoe sat ag te Fie 7-18 Te 9 na N wlth PN the side Therefor perl tet chip il ne seme ser oF ESD po testo an ee i Pacing ESD dads on ysl as dmb. his posite oa an in apse goed cp wih ESD Sides Imagine es your chines ESD des wll onset te osu othe pu ag ua de ESD hogs cette, On very high foquey ccs, ESD Geran et veo bie nae Assess ince capcinaces become lave npedanes Aso ae the eqn yur cal cgi fm nel i cass conte all your np an! al eur upto ich th. So sae eal ph query cus you wl set people dont even pt ESD es thet igo tall However ceria on ig CMOS miropwcess ESD Y= 120 signe signs ep ind you lyot your dks Zi sie ve fis do seb the cos scion of te se dt. he Nand Pareovered Noteagm tf econ ne ce ewe Cs sein of al ring de estar Layout you tune ever ple wit gh voltge pce ie a ihing snd to fr tne, ou are sae ha ce ip votage ten a uns tht os soon spc Ife ete acre lps sown seve ‘Rea the kof easing ise volige ks ep em he sar nar techn enced ‘The pert sre fr an ESD i sce (aa cite Lack frp some ops th gh vlge ad cet rm dag he ode ‘Deczisofscale nel lade, Wel Sods a pal wot pe = a iter epee mox postive athe poner np Sonate tee a | previo ston, are peal wd i pte ett pe copie {Panel the N wel Your ae oF N well ous donee ‘what ou ar tying dhe euenisimancd ane ‘ican sete clr pate would contin olga quite wel Curent R57 pet and ouput pad shold hive tone FSD protection a t Plereardaely elas how cinnt oer a ay oe iceman ce ena comer fom Wise Ju wll em hcp lek it pthc md‘CAD tools oot isis The mathematical clcltion slow the Fn. ing ofthe software Sometimes when you want cle, you nay havea square, sieht mipt bear hose to representing ile ss ya alowed Ma-fceted polygons ike he square are wed approximate ils The moe fice the clover the appotimaton, Some CAD ‘ool wil se lng angles other than 45 or 90 resisting you to mach ougher circle apporing ‘ns Otes wil daw peice or ou MattiFingor Dod Sometimes on special odes, sich a ESD ad varstor dads, instance, ou wil sc amutefiagerelayut ike th ae we eed eater whe vo ng wi ou ong hin CMOS transistors, Likewise wecan change along i side it spared bunks, ac the side by side, and Nive tem in pan- lel ar wel Fige 7-18 Sling lang, de ne ges In Splitng he oe eps ee resistance, conserves chip rea esata ‘vies us with amore ensly managed compact dese. coor sly you ju select sundardzed doe off the self and we Howe no you understand why and Row ty are bul As with her devils, might eased to generate x ow dod in new process, based on cra feria, I you haven a clue what things lok like fom a processing pit Of ew then you are suck. Now you woe be sc. Thats odes. No mage. Go hook em wp told you it wa smal capt Here's What We've Learned Hare’ what you Si this caper: 1 Useg your PN junctions a dee "Regular ides, feedback oops and logan amps 1m Votiage matching and tacking using aniston at odes 1 Osiation and varseto ods 18 ESD protection for both positive ant epasve poe supplies Ring onsrastin 1 Approximation of circular layout 1 Matinge goat And moreHere's what youTe going to seein this chapter: 1 Relainship between curent and magnet Fils i Relucance of inductors to conduct high frequency 1 Proper of igh Roquney ansmision i Helping signals bounce wound comers fet of pay comers on math modeling 1 Inductance har pias back on isl alee peas ax ers ee 1 pk equency chokes 1 Building transformers 1m Pacement ies And mare ‘Wi the nresng prominence of high egueny iterated cca, wiring oper auch a inductance egie ses consderaton Many ofthese 00 ‘Sderations arene tbe dig wed Ttefore, yon are sarig ose people Tookingt analog etiques for tools deal with hse equencies The pope Taras, "The wor has gone dig, analog is ded” not 0 Far oi Analog sls wil nays be ned fact my reommeadation to people fudyingcleconcs “Forge he digital woo st) analog and you will, xe ao erie” Sare somebody fo kaw tal, but ou want ea the sea big bucks, saly analog.‘The mageetic Feld not only iatracts wit surounding IC componens bt the apneic Fld eteracte wih tho curt faving trough it wn wie at ‘sell Anindictor prices sltctarce. As the curt os, the agte field generates a Back vlage which ies top the crea ow tat pro- dicing ‘Wich aso, you might spend the moss tying o design 10 tani ‘nosed ore mont o design 12 millon asso naga hae to esign the 12 milion rans. sta lt of copay Letom it Go ase. a Lats geo wor Se Whenctra sat flows in wie, a mage eli generated aru wie Likes, if we gente a magnet fed tear a We, cure Bont inside th wie Creat an magnet doce gee Aoge™ ‘Aconsant DC current produces ast maprtic fel. The sat i wll iteract with ler condclrs ut ot genre ny cue Make cil of wire, Comet ity a vlc and measur the vole ‘eros the co Yu soul se ao voltage, Now aya penmancet magnet ‘exo the col ad marie the vlage srs the coi You snl ss eo volnge ‘he Right Hand Rael yo the reson of generated mgt ‘rb te condor mith yout hand your thet creda int af cacret fon Yar we agers mini he ines of magneton Ta cal te Hieber Rule Ifthe curt oved in he oponte daca ou woud se event he ary wis a [Now wave the magnet rund slowly lose othe ci, Provided you fave the vometr set on seni enough range, andthe cil of wit big ‘rough ou should se the reading on the voce vary wildy Tiss the base prinspea poner generator uses Refering ont AC in the lt chap, we noticed tou capsite was = wen. conscious AS th appli voige equeney creased the capers {iy wo condect caren increased. A instr te ter wy aud ‘Ashe equeney of the applied voltage acos te indao increases the f= ‘quency of the curt fwing ale ire. However, se Bave see in Ow ilexpriment above, x canging maghetie itd indices voige ad ate. “Te induced vote and current re generate in te cpposte Greco ofthe ‘oage and curenttat s ppieg ts canceling sre of The higher the Toquney the bguer is tise, andthe smaller the overall cuet through he inductor Fire. Carn ond magi felts indce each ther ‘one wire is conducting curent, the magnetic field it generates influences ‘ny nearby wies tals conde arent. The socnd wi as bee inde to prodace curren. Hence the sae, the Inductor, A capciuce let igh feguncs ugh. An indie spe ih f= ‘This inden raster of curent oscars even among he ny wr in a8 Bee gue cit, Wieree cuenta 1 seats ane aly i high requncy cals, you sometimes want to lock your = ‘sich intra inde cre in eary es, oe; Senora uenis from cen lostons Indetr can ok tase high feqoencis foryouete «Bock flout comes wa wit ante Hak of ea Send igh egy sl fom onc Moc te oe Hog a you ewe he arias othe oi! sil wil tig oe ae {node mead hoot nde wh seagate N ny Figre 8 Siva rec with same ae bo alr ample The signa equency willbe the sre, btthe amplitude smaller Wy ith? ‘Straight Sogmont characterzation ‘Wl to stare with the wie has some resistance. This resistance ree Some of our signal do toa simple potential dvicer effet. ‘As we increase our signal eguency, howe, the fos in ample besos ‘rae than can e assed for by ast the restos ofthe wie aloe. OF nue. ou guessed it Te wie ao har ome capactanc indore ta become sgnicat she ina equency ceases, This just wha We iscsi the previous estion ‘four signal contains many diferent quencies, ike in muse for nso then sme fequencies wil be rede n pli diferent tan oe out sigs grneraor 2 HiFi amplifier, te winng to the lowspeakes 6 Ive a effet onthe sound we ea. The higher eae wil be Aliteemly tobe speaker than in the oe. The wiring ofa ingrid circuit bas exact te sme poblem, The parasite Capastnce,indwtnc, and resitance of the wig produce a notceable ‘Sacat high egueties We can haracerize oe wii, however. and ast fur eizuiy © compensate forthe losses. These carcteriad wires are ‘owas tramsmiin ines, We reno our sina om one nd of he wie tothe other zr as a eel Pleare 4, Posteo oe ramon Fine fos on dg ‘An IC transmission ine just Hk the hear ines tha ast power around the cousiy im he clessy gr. You tas power fom one ead w the ‘hee, Same thine. you want run sigaal fom one ed of hip othe oie, wse a rane ‘mission ine characterized frat purpose the quency of our sige is 1800 MII and they hve only chatacters th tansmision ie up o 300 Miz, you have no en win ll apps you use i Make sure ht tbe ‘rasa ine models adequate fer ha ou ae ying to achive ‘So wha does anemone ook ke ia an iepraed cit? Well, to be ove at mh ns simplest form, sa regular wie ke any tet, Homever, a+ we have sen, the parsics of the wre make ig dferenes, Atypical tamsson ine wil be wir ha inna and exists on the ow ‘St capcince metal ne, usally the last msl in he pros. Some TC prosecutor srt or mite fe maln wire, 0 {he anasion lin more reproducible characteristics Most ransmision Kies are carci as unent wites fa given with The gt is variable Corner Characterization Uafocuatly, an IC cannot be wise ently with unbet lines, We mast inode comers to avoid oter chinks of creuty in he aout. Everytime te tum a somes to avoid icy we art our weeps characterized {neem Ine Lucky igh equency crus have ew es of wie tht must be teats at ‘tans lines, bu te Beads do pose a problem, nonstiees.‘One ay apprise ur wring in ct simul ito epee wire a6 sea of indi, staiphs ransmieon lin So cach eton oh tagged ph cou be represented indvily. This woud itd he sot ‘mathematical mode! rgudies ofthe aur oben Aone approach belp mathematically account for hee bends is to mene rete cenit of our bea wire and mode tava wright lie of ta aga [Agsin the corostamselseedsppear mathematically. Measurements hive found that these two methods of approsmation ar ot says perfect. Why would you suppose that i? Te : : =f Figure. Ee oil runing fst orn corer wari can scons ney wae ioe fn? Flo bn ha ‘na othe mali ‘Wie are yng transmit eneey down wire As theeneey propagates along the wit S00n hits bend Some energy can acy elect Back pte we ‘guint he oncoming Bow. The signal enery reflects off he bend wal Re Hah retecing of a miro, 2 Tore bones ck Pre 8-6 Wa rfc core In very high heuency systems, ton ssf think ofthe inal ene as lecroragnetic radiation. A good anslgy i to think ofthe sigs EY slight bouncing around ine fiber opi ale ohn ts tiny | tse cre ater ow uh PS My yes card ur bs ty Eig oy ey Em Based on what we kno fom ight was, we cn ep the energy ge around ‘comers Ife ange the comer of or bends to 45 depres the angled comes ely he signal enery bounce note net wre segment. The sme principle ‘ps igh bounce around the mers ina periscope Flere 9-2 Recon hip eer and he bare core. ‘This isa use aout technique forall very igh eqn IC. You will se «hs techigue almost excite in mierwaverequency mead cise ‘Some designer go even urbe Resides modeling he sug seston era mission lis, hey alo model the corner ss empty Seat componen. Flare 8-8 Modlin cres early makes cseaons mare 1a the figure, we would medel te entice wire wing thee adeled compo nes; the fist ransmisen line, te core, andthe las ansmsson lie ‘This modeling metod ithe ros accurate tors ‘Aa itor an be avery afl cic component. However teenth of ss f wie mus be fly long inode wo gota easonale inductance valu.eee ‘Wecan save some pce by making «spiral inductor. spiral inductor, cally wie ia a pial sap, Firs 8. Spr nbs Fr pal dcr ets ee it pro cove domingo eric Winding ur wie in ia ike thi alto has ne oer vantage. The mag rete fil fom each to ofthe spl interacts wih ery ate um a te ‘Sia making the toa indactncegrser than tat of «single wie of he ‘me effete enh, Ths ners is Knows mutual inductance. Spiral inductors are at modeled at tansision tines with Beds They a Seedavaerg ae Spiral inductors do en up alt of area Watch your space. “The mea les of sind at soul fet the compose Pe formance, Th pres estan fan inductor made of very tin, este setae wl affect what Known asthe Q ofthe inducoe We wll ics oft inductor next [An ideal inductor at all fequenciee i imposible 1 fbiewe, Parsi ‘essance and capactancebandcap the way the indcorfncios. At Freqncie, the series resistance pls th induct egunsy respons 2 from weal At high quencies te presi capacitance pulls he tat frequency response avy fom del For any phen induce, perforate ‘angen finds ov eben an be perfect only atone frequency. The deal inductor would mate aeros all feguencs cen | effect ofparase eatinducoe 4 esse reactor ecto presi Fier 8-18. Ethrane apo espace isa ‘rio No id is pert ee al gues, “The Inductors ato have & Q at a eran quency. The Q of aa inducer measures how goods ling us how low the parstcs re a that Reqoeny ‘A Q0f 40s god-very low paras, AQotS is ba—vory hgh parasites. ow can we ede parse ad thereby improve? 1 Series revistnor ofthe spiral ees aly. Ar we menoned ate, ‘ete the thickest lowest reitance melo mae ur pal nd "A wide metal ce als els prove the Q.Unfourtly, wie inet inteases ou parse pace 1 Depeating onthe proces ou are uxng, there may be structure you cen place unde the spiral reduce capacitanc= ‘We make mary compromise when lng oat an indastor A good knowledge of your proce ete ‘Stacked Induct you have enough metals, you can make what they cls tached Inductor ‘Cll your arn sone meta cso above Bring ito fom he centr 10 aoe meta lyr, and spiral ano indactor sacked ontop ofthe fst, orig the spi in the Sue deen, ‘Suctng inducors produces more inductance per unit ares. However, the y= fe rete complex meron You sce sme very odd equ: spontePare 1 Cnn he pr nthe nc nop Souls ty we mae ad character very well mayo ee ‘wena te eke tnt, Dat wise with xing ely ee ‘Sedans er hn experncating with ow sce ngs ingore ‘Som companies might sve youa rary finds, od sy“ pote Don change hr I hat that al ou we Otter compares mig ste you some purmeriable indus cell Ye fer beinasece The pons clues what te tft snd te ‘Sul be bse oa some mn! sone ut er” RE Choke Indices ae ity aed in very ip ques iis iter as maciog slits as an RE choke I You wanton very ih eeeny oe ‘ait wi very low feirny cea wide wing the gh ey ‘rough, you my ace an torah ny Te ow Regency nl il ‘as hve to in, Date igh Geguney wl be septa 1 Simal rho mse pon ke ope 2 Yen a lowes incr to make or—A qu maid y tae hi over Kiros Caren an—Allthe ros cares etna jancon sald 5 poe caret eine ncn, ‘ices Yap Lan—Al ag dps in sence sol ap ‘of ta voltage api oh si |ach-tp—A senomeno ta ceus whe past anit inthe sre ofa semiendtor aff on cases ge ductive cuenta leeetThe proces of cei the Nese eprescatns of he Scion lees, which ae he wed mance ecg, gh ela—A rina cet mak, wih nly sal eas of eowe we ia octtbogar tee fneton—Aa exec of lost ewcen ay ips sod uf reusinclding AND, OR NOT NAND, NOR and XOR nc soron). ne one—The ouput opulent, usualy epee ya high votage eset lege er. The ot orp of lope ute, repeat y ow volgen he cca om (el vote ste}—Volage lel epresing oie oat tent eA wally spctypheaonmon sero mal om ecg cre hh ibe of afuencing cee te sry ase ‘Nason ings mov in prety pate the Egheaerion ‘mnt An exocney at quel ite contin onimgeof per dei ied inch Eh al ‘muking—Caving selected wes of «semicon wt, ving cet ‘xe expind for iso, tng or close ‘mir>—A qty malin tno he 8 per ’ may | ar ‘microo— Meri i finer mea qu ton eer malig ye "he 8 poe That, onc mlionh os me, Iili—A gusty maps ty es tothe ~3 pone, ImodelrMatemaical rpestautins ofthe cect lene tev Accel rete pysis ofthe devie elec an ppl ‘srs A ie erie could barone mnt mutinte—Handel device wed o mete vgs caret, sd esis ‘mutual indutnnce—Ecy inductance dco the sina temo of Indoor wi ech oe NType—A seicontcor material doped wit impure tat fave ex lees compat tthe silicon tom, Ntnds or Neate, dng ‘esl che on he oped meal NN welA dep pe disse wed old PMOS waster, N wel entacte—Areas of N+ doped sion inside an N wel at frm tai ont. Unltd the mos pele wage nec oe Netarea check (NAC) dinde—A small id inte subset ao be ‘oy coneston of anise Ga Usa pteton saat te atone ff The oe wil i ow high he otag an pt As lls Gxe NAND—A furtio which ups the iver sls ofthe AND futon ‘ane—A qumty mii by tthe 9 pone sept charge— spi fis. eztv rest Ress that remus sna yexpone oligh. Eapsed ‘eps emit hard and enn be reed ty te eden $e Stade rons ae wit mtrl cle ou evap hiss. Tioga; poten, pots east, menor Cit ode junction of 9 or mie cc compen [NOR—A ftcton which oupus th ive eal of th OR fcr may OfF—Term sed to describe rans at does cont ats ‘bined condo. Also cll sn Enhancement Mode tonaoce ‘normally On-Ter wed ndeseate a tsi hts condcte in i unbased conden. Ab called Deplein Mode taste ‘ff omfch state) tans sen which errs enable pss hms —Unt of measure fr rence, dented a rymbo omegalms Lax—The etch teresa linge, cane a ressance ‘hm’ Law ses ft th aren Towing in aero ' te api! voage an imersypropoton oe co ti ‘shmo-penaquare—Ressive ale fr oe sau of mari Al sques of ‘hese mater in te sane pce ne sane aie wth tt)-—A essere hich th tasters to pca [OR—Logi neon dod as one hat eis any of te apt ob at logs en in adr te ou w rer ag ae Ise puro ake onthe finn age 2, Type semcondctar material doped with imps hat hive for ons compre wth sco atom P stn fr ite. devag ‘esl cag on te doped mati, al—A dep P Tipe dso ed tobi NMOS rns, arate sii ht can conduc caret acommon ety po lng {wo oor pie a cman ex pla rst ement—Urvaredcapasiece,resance or inductance tt is Interet inal coiucting mater sed doves: baste devke—An integra eicit copenct hose cl repose noob changed by exe infuence, ply resus capac ad iste ‘PECVD—Acny fo Plas Enhanced Chai! Vee Depot, hottthograpy—Phse Lally messin rnin wi ihe The proces t tusiig an image tthe site of cma Bs wee oe To stone tough Boeing mask Ser ask mang Pesta otrest—Lik sre liu ate dope om pening seco cit ue wero provides form) thn fn at pte tae wn frm suet roceanng sep, Peo qui mulled y tn othe ~12 pruee, che off Udo describe tesa «CMOS ues wher the eld ‘fechas mere enough fhe conan pono preven ces ‘lnariaton—Tsinigu to mae an teen sara at Cant by een, nding or pling, or example Alms seep pocenng sep em —Atigh nes nie ps A hr ee rma trian lid Plasma Eahance Chemical Vapor Depsiton (PECVD) Very ilar (CVD, but iasied ofhigh temperate tart chemical acto plc ony Palpatine licen (aye mate oe may randomly x {mal cvs as opposed 0 licen ago rane whch on lige cya Doycan—Saneas py. cnsalin en. le charge— uk of econ, se resists a feted ty epost oli Exes ep ‘nbs disted and remedy the este dlp Sor ao egae hoslthogapt, pee, potenti —The ale of charge do work. tential difernce—Eleceomotve fice og. The irae ber Fro pers ote barrer—A rei oma when Ne and pe sized ‘eal jie. The sep forme ar a ws cen ow ower ra wide met wie tht delves ing anderen oreo process manual ick conning al hep nd ccc ino ‘on reed dg teat cea fora gen pace. Also aid ‘Design Maal o Rulebook Typ tamper se ow estites a ‘ling csi, elabily nfrmaon, Yasser ode! informal ‘pout ies ano 0 ropogatio time—The ine eed fo signal 6 each ove pit ‘ot eit srugh espace. tansision ln nap rage proprietary We lu, ubishing contract contin lcs of paper. {Q—A measurement finde guy The igh te mumble ‘Boutros. ‘as nes wel clue wed in CAD too graphic denont the inercomecons bereen woes scat loca, Exh set lk iets dame om each cnneion pin vr te cnet in he cat dra staph oy he rw lcs 20 gps. The oe ag ‘te dagram the hase itl be wie RC tne enstant— fg of mei resting how gi aaa ‘erg tong one though gen ei, died a T= RC, ‘ce uhiped by eapaciarce. ‘eatin fon ehing (RIE) hing hie sng pla at ches ally macs wih he mera beeshed real ette— Chip a recifler—A device hat comers an aera seeien i on at‘lbiy—An indicson ofa inated cc's capected ina resit—Sune photoes ‘stance (alue)—A measure fa ers opposition cure tom, ‘Tee unit is exprened in ans Oe on eid he mance Gas will ocr oe amp of caret ow mie one wot ip ‘essth—TReamown frets inten volume of consti sei rer—A dv so concur it an le ety pending reve blaed—A desrpon ofa PN juin tht hs 2 vol ppd in sha platy ato cue fs vs verse breakdorn valage—A vole at which revere isd jmcton Sarsto cent Caen RE choko—A tem ado desea Inditor hat ig edt inhibi ‘ado fesneny sas om nent urmaned pom ef oes RIE—Shor for React ln Eich Rig Hand fule—Matot of dining dreton of gener magni Sel in a condce. Gab ste conc wth you i an your eos ‘cnet rection of urea fw, our ard Pages sik as ‘of mapntam. This ln calla he Mc a FalebookA took conning all the physics! and eer ioaton ‘ued to desig itp cas fe a phen prow, As eld ‘roe Marlo Design Manual. Tpial pls sesh reece {een handing spas, ait iefrmiten eanaane mod! ae ‘aon, aout ro and to, ‘utaraton The evel a which inrasing oe guy monger Sateration carreat—As te wlge srt a deve i need 4 econ ‘ea flowing tough it incase. One the cue cnc ote te ‘te api voltage conus wlan te donc sl wean, Sn, and we havea hse curen ft JeveeTpial sd in conection wit pa and CMOS nts schemaie—Disgam crsning yb ht econ he icmp ot of aia hi comet. Use or ecm, also ‘ae layoa ene es af ectrms—A er sed describ te sundance of cenit band ‘leceos eval ina conc or semonarte ‘ed erytal—A sal saree, wed na ey pul, whose alg met derives te aligamet fh nie sion apt pane {eteained Gate—A pre wed exci the esmgu ofaging suse lin repos oh Gate ofa CMOS taser The asp ef e Vora smack frie wu dai imple poss Subqut anecing Pte the implant undercut te Gate spe, redoing te tas Feng hs praise emiondneter—A cease mata ht fas 4 ry small dere ‘tec it alene bn lors ad is cndactn bun cro oe "hess canbe uly euted ino condom Te inten fps ‘lbw semiconticor a cnet more ely ed ee coma sere-—A cll cing cely one posible pth oct Now. serpentine restor—A resistor whic has bee i oa sake ke ps invert ie pate cmc nyt of len reir sheet vty —The amour of esis in age ace ae of fe ‘kph coding mata Alo Known eh het ho-Sune het vy. steth—Dessiption of he see ene less in wich ecto obit cin, ‘hort (eA andes ow sits pat stmalator—A computer program tat pes how iat ih fact nce bulk nich snes tin and foe eterse sp mang tat ep Regie cieit models schon, cit specifi oper sink! waveform sgn vou rig he ae of ie wane ‘ource—One seminal of «CMOS ans. May be thot ofa angable withthe ein, depending he ty ofthe ppd vl seurcedruinsaring—A ctigue soo hp gt ae that co ‘nes MOS tain date ris nh ental ea coco specs ster ose pecans. SPICE—Simustion Progam for Inegrted Cisie Emphats ( Engng Cust progres The rial SPICE was devel ty the Unnery of Callers, Bele nthe 170% A pp fay ‘Sapzeridd cocoa pop ‘piaindsctor—An inhetve wie woud its square pil rede ci ‘spreading—The phenomenon th becumesprotlemsi when 4 cet ‘much rar tae cndithe pat Ar cleo lee the can Spread vate exe wi ofthe conic This ead ambi Se dcmiston oft eng of reso, for cape Spurious signal—tinare ign of hance ce uestonsbl oii. sper rachine sed for depositing met ing hgh ey plas {Foie a cal urge The ead el hen epi ane cr enc Scorn sestacked eapactor Toor mie spss sk eal on wp of ech ‘er Tpsaly hs wegue dt cba igh apts lcs ong sala. Mt capaci usally he pee wit i poche stacked indutor—Tvo or mor inst sacked versal on tp of ech stat (lect) Toe bud of ele rg on monconting ma al asl by stp lecrom avy fom Stick dlngram—A very simple represtiton of CMOS doce an ee Intconmectins The igi 3 half hatch taste schema ad the fin jot ce the ck dara up t ge ou te deve cert conan stochasi—Reljing onl nd erro pobre oan opposed ‘wale ‘ntrate—The oto aye of sen. Te bate won his assy ie nad substrate contactr—P'+ coon the icone wa, sd oe the ‘Sie te lowest Sica voltage in ore ese dence peri sd prevent ice ‘sabstate materia—Sane subst say P— ‘subsea tet—Sae a bre conats, ‘sapertero—Peo wih Hue ufr rd spe ada ig So te ces saply—The bs vote peta in ay eu time constant—A fsa oft ting fw guickly «capac wil shasta pen voltage ough spe esto fied T= RE Sane SRC tine conta tranior—Solid te sich but ang semicon mats Cores fom th words tsi aed reser CIRAASe wuSTOR) A ste ‘conduc devise hving the econ ‘wanamision ine Chance wire fo pase cpasane, ndsase ‘cessed as chanel cary sl om oe et thee ‘b—Sime aN wl tunerpa—Thewseof upon ete win conn ht ent Fossibe sig mea Yalenceband—Fepion fa eeay ing th sins clon wit ‘et enol cert conc Elston alee nd tll a bec ‘arctrdinde—A dod thr ih varie con capitan, depen eg yt tT pe eo psy Seto eaance he varie cpncane ees : ey | 28 YoC—A sil mame fre most ostinevalage in your cut, wal sed in alg ce. \YDD—A sia nae fre ms poe vo in your cu, nly sed in cig cer. ere devie—A semicndcor deve bul sing dfs yer sucked bap ofeach es eral procesng—Sips wed make 1 rial devi Vert devs oven chiqus alow moe sewacy ie oscar ea aA tole nan nein don tallow comet fe one ta [ber ofan negra exe w aot ‘olage—The ott ference ree harps oo pla oll—Unit of mea fer ole ented symta One vl dein ‘the petal diese ha wl cue oe ap arnt Tw ase SSA vga mms for he mos sega vtage ia our uy ally se ie itl ce afer—This oud ice of encore mi wt fo sie Sys ings, sof hs dane pte ‘al diode PN ncn fred beeen 0 N wl ad ihe Psst (Conte ne ax procion gains ESD. wel contact -N= cooeson sd oh N wl te ost pst ‘Si olge rer enue deve pean sd preach ‘yal or Sae wll coats. “ery ltogrnly-—Potlthogty ing ays nse oF vse Hike ‘Ximjsar sal and hee canbe eo cae fea ‘erbium Seargty amet elect We soe wn _ymargy—A god lst word: Look itp.Suggested Readings and Resources by Dail L eter Pipetac—328 pages, eon 1995) Prete Hall PTR ISBN 013784194 {CMOS Cres Dsl Layout, and Sinalation IEEE Pres Sere on Nicos Stns by Reb Ble ary WL Dd E. Bayer arkoves28 pages Gamary 195) TEE ISN OTROSHIG? [CMOS IC Layout: Conceps, Metodlogies, and Tools by Dus Cia Prpetck 304 pags, bok CD-20M ation (Dscemb 199) ‘Buterwet Heenan, ISBN OSIA7I7 Dos of Analog CMOS Integrates Crate ‘Meer Sener i Elec anc Crue Enpneting. Ehtosis od VLSI Cte ardor page, It eo Aug 199) Meee ISBN O37 10, ‘The Art of Anal Linout by Alan Hastngs arkonet—576 popes st eon Caember 15,2000) Pence Hal ISBN 0130870517 The art of Eerie ‘Pal Horowie, Wifl ak arkoer—1125 pgs, 2 eos, 1989) (Cantge Unsere rs ISBN 22130957Mlauchp Fabien: A Fracicl Guide te Semiondtr Prec by ern a : ardese 640 pgs th don Ap 3, 200 Geel SBN oolaszed >) Ata an Ds onan Integrated Cts ty Pak Grp Raber ree ne are pps on ry, 185 ‘Johe Wiley & Soess SBN O4T1S74999 Ps Digs of CMOS Interted Cirt sng L ‘by John P. Uyernura : Hater 286 ar eon xt 5, ‘TP Educational Division ISBN 0334945271 Scams Outi: Bae Heri ‘by Mitton Gassow ~ statues (9m) MG BN ase Educational Programs Easel Clege Ene Cole cated in Mesquite, Texas, ju ouside of Das, They ‘ne atwoes college ad ofan Asc Deis Computer Aided Design nt Drsing—ltpaed Geoat Dein ‘unin Community Celege ‘Asie Corman Clee a o-sea cols ate in Anti, Teas Thy ofr Asc of Apple Sc Segee with sn I Cee, The WoC lnou conser interfer inegaed Cro Lot an Dain and Inert Cat aout snd Des Mesa Commaniey Colese ‘Mesa Commu Clee one Mees. Aza They ave 80 ‘ses fr Intent Circit Desig. Thefts CMOS 1A an these nd cas eMOS 12. SunJse Cty Catese Sut dan Cay Cale lose in Sano Califia own as ‘Sion Ve. They er CMOS Mist Desig al ees Ameren River Ca Ault Eh Calg sa wept ole oe Stems ‘Califa, Course cade CMOS Dengs tan ‘Chemeketa Communiy Colege (Chemeketa sa Jyamic crmpeberse ect nition ‘he eno the Wilma in Suc Opn. Th ol ab [inegred Cet Mast Deen propa Son Ads Sle Ais fs cues inthe el of 1 Mask signs and bane ee casos. Ech coe ash ys expense a) eso nach a mantra ee ot eg at HeelEngng ee Slo Arie fb CMa Dea ‘Advaneed IC Mask Design, bs elt fom ws of te aa ‘hem 2 eons, Sg ee an Index foam ma Aare Bp 22 fe 5 Eke Sle As Semin 4 erin

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  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)