DAVID HUME

He questioned common notions of personal identity, and argued that there is no permanent “self”
that continues over time. He dismissed standard accounts of causality and argued that our conceptions
of cause-effect relations are grounded in habits of thinking, rather than in the perception of causal
forces in the external world itself. He defended the skeptical position that human reason is inherently
contradictory, and it is only through naturally-instilled beliefs that we can navigate our way through
common life. https://www.iep.utm.edu/hume/ . Hume’s views on personal identity arose from a similar
argument. For Hume, the features or properties of an object are all that really exist, and there is no actual
object or substance of which they are the features. Thus, he argued, an apple, when stripped of all its
properties (color, size, shape, smell, taste, etc.), is impossible to conceive of and effectively ceases to
exist. Hume believed that the same argument applied to people, and he held that the self was nothing
but a bundle or collection of interconnected perceptions linked by the properties of constancy
and coherence, a view sometimes known as “bundle theory”.
https://www.philosophybasics.com/philosophers_hume.html

Thomas Aquinas

“For Aquinas, we don’t encounter ourselves as isolated minds or selves, but rather always as
agents interacting with our environment”. For
Aquinas, we don’t encounter
ourselves as isolated minds or selves, but rather always as
agents interacting with our environment.
http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2014/01/thomas-aquinas-toward-
a-deeper-sense-of-self/
http://www.cambridgeblog.org/2014/01/thomas-aquinas-toward-
a-deeper-sense-of-self/

https://study.com/academy/lesson/immanuel-kants-metaphysics-of-the-self.html

https://study.com/academy/lesson/merleau-ponty-the-self-as-embodied-subjectivity.html