11.1 Concepts Review LAM SOLO 2 2 £20 6 Re Senet Numerical Methods, Approximations 3. error ofthe method; error of calculation 4, increase; decrease Problem Set 11.1 L f)ee S(a)=20* Se) 4e™ 1) = Be £9 (3) = 166 aya tears, Slay 142045, £4164 cte2ce2rt ete 7 x73 F0)=1 FO=2 SO=4 LO= LO =16 > 16 a rosa) =1+2012}42018 «440129 «2am s1272 2 f(ay=e™ S'a)=-3e* FOG) = 81 wl-3re 222 — SQ)= 1-34 FZ 73 Bhs ae 2? 23 Tt at Tat 272 FO)=1 LO=3 FO=9 LO F%(0)=81 8 7012)=1-3033)-2.0197 -2¢0197 Zam «067 3. f(x)=sindx fa) = 2cos2x S'@)= -Asin2x ION x) = Beos2x F(a) =16sin 2x Instructor's Resource Manual F@)=0 fO)=-8 LO O)=0 $40.12) = 20.12)-4(0129 «02377 Section 11.1 5114. f(a)=tanx F(0)=0 Sa) = 800? x SO)=1 Ss) =2see? xtanx — f"(0)=0 F(x) = 2see! «+ ds0e? xtan? x SOMO) =2 F(x) = 16sec! wtan + 8see? xtan? x LP O)=0 1p 2 fojexsde axes (0.12) =0.12+4(0.12) =0.1206 5. fa)=inies) —— Q0)=0 Seen FO! “y= 0) foe FO LW), LO) =2 » (0) =-6 512 (ent ajax dered Sat Sopexage rte -% iesiets 2°43" 4 ponsoin Lora} «tora? Leas 0.1133 S0)= Jor “(y= esy SH=70 Y ua “oye —Lgeny SR) al ) 0¢q) = 34295? LO) at y L 10:12)? +-@.12)? (0.12) =144(0.12)—4(0.12)? +L (0.12) (O12) =1+5(0.12)— 5 (0.12)? +76 (0.12) Lae -5.(0.12)* = 1.0583 is y Section 11.4 10. fix) =sinx RO)=0 FO)=1 L)=0 S70) SO)=0 (0.12) = 0.1194 S(0)=0 F(O)=1 SO=0 f=! F%@)=0 sxetoenel faye x43: rae FO (x) = sinh x F00.12) =0.12420 12 =0.1203 . fee Aye fe) see fre sme ree S'(2) = 008 Instructor's Resource Manual1. fis) =tanx; (2-3 Sa) = 2sec? xtanz r(2) i G7 (a) = 2sec! x-+4sec? xtan? x: tf" noe $esegePled 12, fix)=seox: s()-8 S()=seextan x; (3) a JS'(a)= sec} x+seextan? x; r(2)-4 S72) = S300 xtanx+seextan? x: (Zi aye vbeda(x-F)> ae (37 (x)= SE? pet Lee 7 M9-5 (x) =F Ley dee? Ee BQ) =F-7O D4 GO BEV 14. f(a)=ve: fQ)=V2 Instructor's Resource Manual rt 15, 16 rt fla) -2x? 43x45: f)=7 Lx) =6; SOM =6 Blx)= + 2(e-1D+(x=1? +(x 5434-20 #9 = f(a) Sla)=at; f2)=16 fe) Fe): f"Q)=8 Fa) = 24x; f1Q)= 48 F%ay= 24: fPQ)=24 Pala) =16432(2~2)+24(2-2)? + 8(x-2) (4-2) fe) f0)=1 F@=1 = a SO)=2 P_=AG; fMH=6 FO) = Gi [OM = 24 nen api S)=nt apart 2 Oot Sayetext EPS e eat slereP ee ete” Usingn=4, f()=lexe ta axt a, f0.1)= 1.111 b. 0.5)= 1.9375 e. f0.9)= 4.0951 4d f2)=31 Section 11.1. 513(i) vanta(e =a 2 In2 raie(14 5) 2 b. fix) =In(l +3): (0) =0 a. sin(0.1) = 0.0998 b. sin(0.5) = 0.4794 ce sin(l) = 0.8417 4. sin(10) = 676.67 19, The area ofthe sector with angle vis 4ir?, The We let 24 ~ r= 24 since the interest rate ris going to be close 10 0. r__m(exact) _n (approx.) 7 (rule 72) 005 138918 13889144 6.9603 6959 72 46498 4.689 48 3404s 3.494 36 cette, g0)=0 Wake CT, s0)=(1+k) heme £00) = 14k? (ek? 2 For x = 2k the polynomial is 7 2k — 443 -2k4 = 2k when kis very small. 1-7 (1#0.01K0.02) 0.919997 = 0.02 Leet 48) Igy? +m9e* 0 2 = mp + Mol Y 514 Section 14.1 Instructor's Resource Manual1 is maximum at + in (ote that | (0,1) a sey=neen sere: 1: y= +a? 2 aay 4 S@)=- LO R)= LO +5) Gry 120 yu 20 Q+5) Qn) pet 202 fase) T! Q+c) os? 7-27) SO)= 7a+ey [Re(0.5)] < =8.719x10% BM. fo)=e™: £0) Hoa{* -e* ifmisodd ifm is even 26. n. (0.5)? |50400%% [R6(0.5)|s 28. 38. fad=sing, $x) a 2. 2.685% 10°% 30, Wel 17 j0In2 10in2 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.1 515L%= 5040 «3 La= 3 37. ol 240,000 v4 fiecanveLeatadcan?]pdoeio4 ROD =3.77x10% 38 payesins (5 S12) = cos: rE See sin rZ) SOx) = =c08x5 (3) SFM a)=sinx; fM(e)=sine o()- 8G) ABC v0 516 Section 11.1 44) (x 24 «3 Instructor's Resource Manualean a =n 0-0 38. RET d. A Now hate <3. S@)= s(0)=2 (0 Ola f= FO=0 3 -<0,000005 oF 600000 <(n-+ 1)! when Gi 0)¢q) A043) orgy ag Ss Pa FO 40. fz) = (4? AOy=1 LO=0 Beas 3 FA=Z0+a)'? FO=> (8) gy = A8(14102? 4 Sx") 2 LOR)= aie a a2eay"? noe S1@)= F048) SO=7 jo e805 P)= ge? sray=-3 ey 1s) 2d FP a)=Zassy? f= Zave? af; = 53 ad ey? atadeedgt Dad ‘ness (ea? edaed te Tae ~ asia 2frs1005) +510.5)* R(a)= Beles? 110057 #500:5)" Neg.595 ia aon (0 (x)| <}—{ 52, y*} = 3.05x10% sea} s|25(0975"7-0.n'] =3.05.10 _ cose 5 a1. f= (4x? 40 BROT E Fey= hae f=-5 rata sO = 0,00026042 < 0,0002605 (a) 23 (43)82 aoe i La) =Fll+a) S=> inxde= (2-42 z Panes tea Mge-Baray™ =H 0s LO )=—ZUsyt? — fOO=-F -E malt cae F)=Basor? (MO =-Base? Error £0,0002605(0.5 ~ 0) = 000013025 say aided 5, Cha) “28 16 edo 1rcls|28,095-°% 0054215004 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.1. 51746. 518 45. foes! 38422 42-2; AIH to fFM=0 12x? 18344: f= F(x) = 242-18; f(1) =6 SO) = 24: SO) = 24 ! f(a) =0 =|x 08417 6” 120 Since f(x) =0, R(x) =0. Error < 0.001389(1 ~ 0) = 0.001389 ata 42e +222 So1-(e- I)? (r=) + (2-8 £ 4 LO say" Pyla)= Sla)+ Saya + LO a)? ea) R= Sa n(x ay" £0). + LD 36, ay Fe te a) Pa ~ ay (%q LO oo poop Oe oy = fa)+ f"(aXx—a) + Bila) f(a)+0404-+0= f(a) £C@) * 20+ f(a)+ LD a¢x- a) + (n—Wox-a)"? BF 204 10) ape a) 4-4 FQN yx-a) 2 10)+ Faye a) 4-4 LOD cg aye? = Laps faye aye EN xa) PE = (a) 40404--40= /"0) 142) = Lea)? = fa) 7 F(a) = fa) S'a=-sing: r(3) LOY(x) = ~c0s4: (2) FM ay=sina: [MC)= sine _E radians 4 90 Section 11.1 Instructor's Resource Manualsls HEE uonDes 0<#2= yl '0= nS =. =OS rro0] eg = sm "0-< HAH O> AY poe 9 amau st adm OY < os 9 seau st x uayie o-<(2)"Y Sm, 9 OLS! DUDYH O<() ul uoiy-2 20u sronugv09 8! (X)qyuyf 2001S (HD -wnuixeut w20} es (oYf*9 s8au st x usu Y> (Of os ‘9 4v0u st x uaym > (x)"y SML “93900 810 YOUN 0> a guyh uatp ‘9 s89u snonuAwo? st (HyyyS 21S “> pu x usomuaq ili+4) . aus JOG OH CFOS =F 0= Mul == OS = OS =OS 2208 a “4 0-0¢ +0) S HOS = OOF “eynuung soso Busse, “zs “()d 51 (298 305 1 spso Jo yeuiousjod une seyy 2490898 (2) 20} entu ,ame|sey¥ Jo (x) "9F JopueUsaN ap “uso w 2084p so jewioukjod 8s (x) aours (44) opto Jo yluioustod uuneyaeyy an iz pum xa ei aston HOM uM ATT tA GT Od +0) 54 8 40 1 Jop10 Jo youuoudtod unerseyy OU, “a u5 ¥ 30) (yd = Oey? + Opt = Ooy> 8 yh + Mend = OoyF My 4 M54 105 er 0=Oy-»Sgy( 4) On? ; BOUL OS gut = CVE ( m8 2 Jenuew eoinosay svoyonqsu 1 0=Wgh *1+#5 1305 500, iG-1+4) re pay ol a ‘et =O Mego NS ‘4 (x/{2)y Jo aaneAUOP MY OH “TS Duis 7 —_ 7 4 or four nue xx UIs, a e ou _ ot, 9 a Pa ounsem ies co % Dp sore ‘09 Jit +4) eee sioros_ (2) PAE €_ ye zo Soya ) x T Sx s00¢10 x USES! (Ay 2001S £ songs Baas33. 520 Isy(2) is of degree 4 since itis the product of four linear factors. ig) wm GEL EDM =a ay = =) _ 15100) Gay aan =e) =H) Lyy(xj)=0 forj=2,3,4,5 since x— (x= a) ~ 33 ax- xg Mz = 45) ( 0) = aay a9 C89 ~ 0 N —35) eat) = EAU =O) Gs aos a5 = 4) = 5) (extra e Layla) = EADS = MH) (Gis Nas — 92 Mas = 395 84) cj 18a linear factor of Zsy(x). Since Ls), Ls2.Ls3.Lsa. and Lss are of degree 4, Ls is of degree less than or equal to 4. ox) = EA DE=2) 1, tn) Eay0=2) Ls(x) = (-x? +2x)(2) +| , oo 1 (x) = F—De= Wr AES) bs0)=" Gr a=2)3-40-3) 4 (x-Ife-2)x-3Kx-5) G-14=24- 34-9) N(x = 2x36 (S=15-25-3S-4) 24 Lyla) Ess) = Ls(2) = Ls (x)-2+ Ls9(2)-3+ bsg 2)-4 + Lesa 1) 54 Los(2)-6 Section 11.1 FOr D- MI) 1 Fle Dle— DLE (2-8) = Dlx~2)-4)(x-9) (x= Ifx= 2) 3N(x-3) = Le=1e-24-30-4) Instructor’s Resource Manual2 (2246 39er= ANS) HOE =A —8) 4 DUA 2}= ANS 8) Some Asa 3) +E =DeX=2E-3ex—4) = 41 (2-9-5) =30-5) (x-D@-3) 6-6-3) A(-3)(x-3) = In@)= 1n(3) = Lay(2)-0* bate 1 Liat) 1.609 is (x-a-5)+ 2 ne-3) aeons = 4x-1)(-0.2945x+3.0815) Thus. In2=4(2-1)(-0.2945x +3.0815) = 0.623 The estimate for the maximum error is (x= Ia-3)x= (0) ENED) a l fasinx — f¥ 2 fog LaF IR@= feanaen23 DEBE Fa een-ey 2] = poe 4st fr aefis)- ‘A calculator gives In2= 0,693. so the actual error is approximately 0.693—0.623 = 0.07. 56. 3-0: wal 3202; yy #1221 4 = 03, yy = 1.380 x-0.2)(1-03) saya) = E203) (0-02)(0-03) Instructor's Resource Manual (x-0)(x-02) (03-0)(03-0.2), 10 y(x-0.2) LC) = Lay 2) 14 Lp (2) 1.2214 15 3(8)-1.350 = 2(x-0.2)(x-0.3)-61.05x(x-03) +45x(x-0.2) 10.25) = $2(0.25 -0.2)(0.25-0.3) ~61.05-0.25(0.25-0.3) 4+45-0.25(0.25-0.2) 1.284 b3@= ‘The error is x(x-0.2)(x-0.3) RAD = 7 fa) ‘The derivatives of f(x) are Se fl Payee fayee™ Thus, Ry(0.25) = 0.25(0.25~0.2(025-03) c025-02N ». fa) = ~0,0001042¢" Thus [22 (0.25) 5 0,00010424" = 0,0001407 and |R(0.25)| 2 0.0001042e° = 0,0001042 A calculator gives ¢°75 = 1.2840 so the actual error is 1.284~1.284 = 0 . 1 three decimal places. 1. The second order Maclauring polynomial is 2 lay lee From Problem $6, we know that the interpolating polynomial is L(x) = £2(x-0.2)(x-03) ~61.052(x-03) +45x(x-02) For the Maclaurin polynomial L203 ted é Rw Thus, Section 11.1 524[R(x] =Le°|?|s 690.3? = 0.006074 For the interpolating polynoni x(x-0.2)(4~03) Roc Fate] a ‘The expression in absolute values reaches a ‘maximum of 0.003521 when x= 0.078475 . On possible eror for the interpolating polynomial on [o.0.3) is q(x) $0,0003521-1.350 = 0.0004753 A calculator gives e! = 1.105. When x =0.1 the enor forthe Maclaurin polynomial is [1.105 70.1) =[1.105~1.105|=0 ‘nd the error for the interpolating polynomial is the interval [0.0.3], the expression e° reaches a f1-105~ 25 (0.0) = .105~1.104] = 0.001 maximum of e°? = 1,350, Thus, the largest 11.2 Concepts Review 3.0 fee lezeaize el 4, large DW W424 2nd d Problem Set 11.2 Sla3)= 0.1975 F(x) = 0.64 5 =2.50 Sx) = 0.16 Sf (x2) = 0.4444 52.75 S57) = 0.1322 S45) = 0.3265 5 = 3.00 Flag) = 0.1111 SL xq) =0.25 125 f(20) + fa) +t fay) = 0.7846, Trapecoidal Rate: Pde = 2251 (x9)+2/Ca5) 02/09) * fa 06766 Parabolic Rule: Pa ZB yomy asin y+2senye 4 Af e9) + fl] = 0.6671 2 =1.00 1 w=225 Sas) = 0.4844 42125 F(a) = 08 mg =2.50 fli) =04 wg=150 “Px2) = 0.6667 my =215 Slay) ~03636 ag LTS Sly) = 05714 xq = 3.00 F(a) = 0.3333 %q = 2.00 S(%q)= 05 Left Riemann Sum: tae O25 F(29) + (0) +--+ f47)] = 1.1865 Trapezoidal Rute: Pde = 222 /(aq)42/(n)+.#2/ Cay) f)] = 11032 522 Section 11.2 Instructor's Resource Manual025, Parabolic Rule: Ade = S251 /(aq)+4,f)+ 2f tia) ++ Af on) + S69) = 1.0987 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: Lax =[In[s[} =n3=1.0986 3. fzy=Veh=222=025 9 = 0.00 F(%)=0 3521.25 Sx) 1.1180 #025 f(a) = 08 x =1.50 Slag) = 1.2247 32 =0.50 “F(%q) 0.7071 ay a175 Faq) = 1329 33 =0.75 S23) = 0.8660 y= 2.00 Sag) =1.4142 41.00 %4)=1 Left Riemann Sum: [Vi dx = 0.251 (9) +S) +--+ flar)]= 1.6847 Traperoidal Rule: [PVs = 22°F / (xq) +2, Cape. 2FC0p)+ Sls] 18615 , 025 Pantotc Ru: ae = 225 yeayeas nde Bsr Aste) N88 2 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: fie=[207] = 12 nr sss lb 4. faye a: 0.25 9 = 1.00 F(a) = 1.4142 Flas) = 5.5400 32128 “F(q) = 2.0010 F(x) = 6.7315 #2 = 1.50 L(x) = 2.7042 £7) 8.0470 xy aL75 (2g) 3.5272 (x)= 9.4868 x4 =2.00 f(x) 4.4721 Left Riemann Sum: Parle = 0.251 /(x9)+ fap) 4-+ F09)] = 86903 025 Trapezoidal Rule: Pav? +1de= SE sa) +2flend +--+ 2/Ca9)+ Sey) = 9.6184 i 0.25 Parabolic Rule: f° VP vide = Zp) Aft) 2/l0g) 4+ flor) Slag) = 9.598) 2 Fundamental Teorem of Caeuu: Pali lde=[ $02 02] = 4100-208) ~9.981 ; £(49)=0 ast Lx nen L£(62)=0 Gfsin de = 2 )+ 2/9) + Seo} = 5 = 158 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.2 523020 Sq) =0 or meld: hee 2 x =0 yak som=2 (Bt) Gfsinaen Zag) +2/la) tet 240 )+ load = (44205 + 2NE +28) = 1.9686 6 Use the calculations in Problem 5. ned: Gfsinzae=1exo)+ 4s) Saad] = n=6 Gsinzaee Btstaye aya 27nd A/C) fe)» 20008 n= 12 Gsinza = GU eo) +4 (a)+2flan)+ +4 F(a))+ S(a2)] = 2.0001 1 f= Sex) =4 ‘Sl%) = 2.9412 Sy) = 3.9604 Sf (x7) = 2.6846, Sf (x2) = 3.8462 SL (38) = 2.4390 Sl33) = 3.6697 Fla) = 2.2099 Pq) = 3.4483 S459) =2 S45) =3.2 Deceae= Spread 2s tend t Aflan)+ So) = 3.1416 524 Section 11.2 Instructor's Resource Manual8. flx) = cos(sin 2): 1200 Fo0)=1 m4 =06 Sig) = 0.8488 nol 41) = 0.9950 my =07 Flay) = 0.7996 m=02 Fl) = 09803 n= 08 flsq) = 0.7535 3703 Fors) = 0.9567 19 =09 lay) = 0.7086 ay=08 Faq) =09251 no =10 hoo) = 0.6664 wy=05 las) = 08873 eos d= ELI 9)4 20). #2flay)+ f(ay0)] = 0.8684 9% FX) Sa) = 2x Peete? vate 2c 4s? -2) leal= tol 1 2 1 vet -afs red Tan? 6? AL <001 when n> 5. flx)=1 f(x3) = 0.6977 ‘fla) = 0.9608 S64) = 05273 S(x,) = 0.8521 L(x) = 0.3679 22 (pag) 24a) 44244) J) 0.74 2 ede 1. fay=e™ Poet de = tytay) 42/04) + 2S) + L099) ye eartet” =e (ax? +2) 1. f(ay=Veose 6 [En = OL (4c? 42) sax lel 12n? 2Veosx 2 0.36, 2 06502 2cos? x+sin? x £35; 4 0.672 +2) <0 gy = Boos xsin? x 7 Tn? Fd Tay 1.06502 $0.01 when 23. 0408 2.6225 fla) 21.1735 Lan? F(x3) = 1.4333 ‘ $0.01 when n 25. =0.1 Instructor’s Resource Manual Section 11.2 525=10 f(x) 0.7351 Ll fm) =0.6735 mel2—f(a)=0.6020 13° f(y)=0.5172 aqeld f(xy) = 0.4123 B15 flas)= 0.2660 (oom ae = Myugyeariae2yin) 42S (x3) + 2f (24) + £5) = 0.27 12. fy cosvE sine Lo*-3R cos ve GO een 2 (9-2 180n8\1) 1508 1B =10 fx) = 0.5403 15 fly)=03392 ‘fl%y) = 0.1559 4 9-20 Freos Vite = Sty (x9) +2/(0)+ f23)]=034 alts Sas fOr ree 4 os Gy eal2 _F sy =2B, we a | 4 (#)-2%6 0-0 1) i508 ‘ Ile lel 180n* 180n° 4096 isn? 4 $0,005 when n> 16. n=A-025 16 TE c= 925 fg) 4 fla) +2/ (a2). I=x 4 f(415)+ Sag] 7.219 Pine Feyag)+ Aftoyd42/ lag) +4 )+ Flt) = 1.295 526 Section 11.2 Instructor's Resource Manual ~“Mast [224222 ter 1s (Na? varrenee[ EP ebatver] +H «Zeman sels DS = ny —2(m—h)? elm) (otse2t) Rebate «Maton 42) oHn6 Lf (om—h) + Af (om) + fm + h)] [a(m—hy? +b(m—h)-+0+4am? +4bm+ deals hy? +b(m+i) +e] [a(6m? + 2h?) + b(6m)+ 6c] 16. a. To show that the Parabolic Rule is exact, examine it on the interval (m — A, m+ A. Let f(x)= ar’ +br? tort, then Dred os yt ~cm-I9t} BL cn 9? ona Je SL WC -W9?] ae)—C “4 = Seanth- 8h?) S(6n" + 2H) +S (Ami) ed Qh, ‘The Parabolie Rule with n = 2 gives [oe renee = Hey on— iy 4st + flor ho}= 2anths 2am? +2bnPh 2? 2h 2ah thal) +86? een which agrees with the direct computation. Thus, the Parabolic Rule is exact for any cubic polynomial. ws SRE (a foe some m been Ian However, f"(x) =3ax? + 2bx +c, f(x) = 6ax+ 2b, [(x)=6a, and £(x)=0,, 50 E, b. The error in using the Parabolic Rule is given by E, = 8 Pye 10) le (2) 2, tela Si eee 2 gyqt0 valecte( 2} pei wen 1s eto" wenn 20825, on Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.2 S2719, Letn=2. Sex: hea wena f(a) =~ n=0 Sx)=0 yea Slxg)=a [isaen Stat o2 O+a'}=0 fee Ley gh oe | ee 20, a. From Enarple 1, P= 48.9814 S=48 _ (4) -4077}0.25 2 r. = 48.9414 0.5417 = 483997 From Problem 5, T= 1.9886, S'() = cosx 1.9886 +0.0114 = 2.0000 a. ant i15+2 1142-60+2-45+2-45+2-52+2-57+2-60+59] = 4570 A? 2, An 3 I3-+4.2662-2366-214 2184542124411 42104480) 46S V = A-6=2790 0 2B. 4a Broe4re2 124 4-18+2-20+4-2042-17+4-10+0]= 2120 £2 4 mifh = 21,120 fh (212021 ,120)(24) = 1,074,585,600 8° 2, p= 20-8 _ Lo minutes =+hour 2 6 Suppose is time measured in hours and (is the velocity at time 1. Then the distance traveled is Pomnde= W8ovasse2sre2 60+2-70+2-7042-1042-70+42-19+2-0 42-59+42-6342-65+2-6242-042:042-042-2242-384 2-3542-2540] =140 28. p= 24-0 - smrinutes = hour 8 ‘Suppose 1 is time measured in hours and ¥() isthe velocity at time r 4, Using the Trapezoidal Rule, the distance traveled is QA vodr= 2 fo42.31+2-5442-5342-5242.95+2-3142-2840 464 40 . Using the Parabolic Rule, the distance traveled is L6miles 528 Section 11.2 Instructor's Resource ManualPina 2p 04 4-3142-54-44-5342-5244-3542-3144-28+1-0] = 58 0 26. Suppose is ime measured in hours and (athe rae of water usage atime 4.2miles. hour a. Using the Trapezoidal Rule, the total water used is Gand ‘Sies+2 7142-684 2-7842-105+2-111+2-10B+2-144-+2-160 + 2-152+148] 4, 2207= 2207 gators bs Using he Parabolic Rule the total water used is rrnde = LS oseter1 42-64 7842-1054 411142108 41484 2160-41524 148] 3319 3318 «221.27 ¢allons. 15 = 27. a. Lay the part with the long flat side along the x-axis, with the upper left comer (as shown in Figure 22) at the origin. Let A(x) denote the height ofthe lamina at the value of x. Then, using the Trapezoidal Rule, m= [Pntayde = 5[54+2(65+8+94+10+105+10.5410) +8] = 385 M, = SPamayde= 50-5 2(6-654+10-84+15-9+ 20-10+25:10+30-10535-10)+ 40-8] = 7675 M, * 8 2.62 1 po, 15062 4 2(¢5? 492 492 +10? +105? +1052 2 Lf Padre 43 ee +105? +10.5? +10?) +8? ]=1630. M,=5 weer 35[5?-2(638 4? 492 4108 +1037 +107 +10?) #? ]=1630.895 y= Me «1630-625 _ 4.59 mn 385 1b. Using the Parabolic Rule, 214 356.67 m= [i ia)de=$[5+4-65+2-8+4-942-1044-10542105+4-10+8]= 3 My = [Pxnards = Sfo-s +4(5:65)+2(10-8)+4(15:9)+2(20-10)+4(25:105)+2(30-10.5)+4(35:10)+40 8] 34630 = 7716.67 3 M, My N68 91.64 m 38667 1 (2 M,=5 [wear = 15? 04(6s°)+2(s?)-4(o?)+2(t0?)+4(105°) + (1057) (10?) +87] 1971.5 =16425 m 356.67 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.2 52928. a, Place the lamina so that the origin is the center of the hole, and the long siraight side is paralle! to the x-axis. Let h(x) denote the height of the lamina at the point x. Let R, be the lamina with the hole drilled init, let Rs ‘be the lamina consisting of just the hole, and let R be the lamina from Problem 27 without the hole. Using the Trapezoidal Rule, im(Ry) = m(Ry)—m(Rp) = 355 ~ 2 s*)=33537 0 My(Ry)= Pei =3[-0 5+2(-25-6.5~20-8-15-9-10-10-5-10.5+0-10.5+5-10)+10-8] = -2975 1 fT ay 92 1 go cee tere Metr=3 [Peder ]ee=F [| (A047 (4)? Jae =F PL ead Bate Jae = 4262-42 09? 10 105? «105 102)? J = 1630,625~ 4-355 = 210.625 By symmetry. the centroid of Rz is (0.0). Thus, ‘My(R)=0, and M(B) =0 My(R,) = My(Ry)~M (Ry) = 2975 -0=-2975 M,(R) = M()~M (Ra) = 210.625 -0 = 210.628 My _-2975 (Ry) = oe m 335.37 -sengy x Mx(A) , 210.625 iy) = Mal), 210.625 9,63 FO) = TR) 33537 b, Using the Parabolic Rule (A) = my)~m fy) =356.67~ (2.5) 337.04 5 S[542(65¢8+10+10.5+105410)+1 F[s+265 +8] =-8, My) fo ahenae = 2-20 $4-4(~25-6.5) +2(~20-8)+4(-15-9)+2(-~10-10)+4(-5-10.5)+2(0-10.5)+4(5-10) +10-8] (-1790) = -1491.67 My(Ry) salsa) Ll -aF (4 Jaen falte-ome fe =5[8+5(65°)42(s?)+4(9")+2(102)-(1054)+2(005*) a(t") 3] ~8-2[5+4-6.5+2-844-1042-10.5+4-10.5+2-1048] = 1642.92 -1426.67 = 216.25 By symmetry. the centroid of Ra is (0.0). Thus, ‘My(Rq) =0, and M,(Rp)= 0 My (Ry) = My(Ry)—M (Rp) = 1491.67 Mg(Rj) = M(B) ~ My (Ry) = 216.25 ~0= 216.25 ety X>0, x? > Xx, Thus € fleP acc ReMare[-Fe w Detar Leta 4-00 S30 = 05 ‘Fex)= 0.7788 =10 ‘F22) = 03679 ayals fl) = 0.1054 4-20 ‘F(54) = 0.0183 ¥-23 Flas) = 0.0019 3523.0 S(%) = 1234x104 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.2, 531S34) =4.185x10°° fq) =1.125%10°7 Fl) =1.605 x10 9 = 5.0. SF) = 1389x107 Ger dem Seyera) 44s) 2flay) #4 flay) fg) = 0.8862 2 if 8862) =09997 s0) S'(x) = ~2xe™ Se? x22) F(a) = xe" 12-847) (x) =F 6x4 48x? +12) ci n6c4 —48¢? +1; (il 180% 10% fe A graphing utility or computer shows that aes) Ne — Be +12 £12 on (0,5). [Eo] $ 0.0209 ‘Thus, the error in computing 2 a Fe fle ais estan 0.0209+ 107") ~0.0236, 32. a, First consider ¢=——, atx=! HN 5 9 on fo, <0), tim m1. Since = is Tex aoolte Tex increasing to 1 on (0, «2, the substitution transforms [0, 2) into [0, 1). dt Ace dred & OF Atxe Oe 1 0. Since ¢= e°* is decreasing -e" <0 on (0,0). lim e~ Now consider 0.0 on (0, c), the substitution transforms [0, «) into (0, 1). Since dee a >0 on (2,2). fim a e+e Gee en Tenet aie increasing from —1 to 1 on (<9, ), the substitution transforms (22, ee) into (-1, 1). Fax c= dt f= 7 1 532 Section 11.2 Instructor's Resource Manual4 Sli) 00 1 0.1 | 0.99504 02 | 0.98088 03 | 0.95783 04 | 092848 os | 089443 06 | 085749 07 | 081923 08 | 0.78087 09 | 0.74329 10 | 0.70711 a dng, 30-28 +84) Oe aap 15082800 sane? 180(10") 1 Lt Lag Ldede 1 ae : 1 as (sare faelig 4 Fe) oo fa 01 | osss00 02 | ossans 03 fos oa | osaes 05 | ossss os | osns7 07 foraso os | ose 03 fas 10 Os = 0.835653 [lto)+ 4f (4) +24 (2) 4+ 4F(l9)+ Fl40)) Instructor's Resource Manual Ape Af) +2/ (a) A+ Hi] Section 11.2 533ve 2 ee ee Gey B Cae b dv=sin x de pte Jeosx] $1 fora x, so [Fes hae There, (Sar exis bs cos x" cos x vars : A ee teahe(S] toe 2 foe 3m wax dy = x(4-37 4d (4-2)4 2 2 2514 22, 2514, 2 28/4, 24x74] + P2422 yar = P24) grey | [Sao 5-xy c. First use the Trapezoidal Rule on the first part Sey=Fa-a4 oo ‘Flsq)*2.26274 n=025 Fox) = 221863 534 Section 11.2 Instructor's Resource Manual42 = 0.50 S(4q) = 2.08737 45 =0.75 P(x) = 1.87225, 24 = 1.00 F(44) = 1.57929 easy = 228 pry) 2/42/02) 42/09) Slag) 202882 7 < 0.00914 a2 : (08-2) 4 Use the Trapezoidal Rule on the integral. 5-2 ae Soya yt Be my =1.00 ‘Sla) = 1.05286 my =128 lay) = 042233 2150 Fle) = 0.13916 ay -175 les) = 0002510 4-200 Jixa)=0 4 Sa (4-4 dem 28 pg) 2/42, en) 4 24 ey) + F)] 27825 a eg) G84 #802 4128(4-32)!4 (= r 15" a le pelos; pe «0.10368 2 15 Re rece crete ante (2 4 2 gaa 8B 3-228 3. Bdsm [ast tare = 50.00914-+ 0.10968 = 0.11882 ‘The error estimate for the inal integral would fail since f(x) is not defined at 2, so the error estimate would be unbounded, 25 fPiinnae= ante 6S!) GP inzde tim ('?tnca = ti(xin ex}? (3) Note that tim wo) inte ae ono fQ)= $0392 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.2 535SG) | 0.0000 1 | 03927 2 | 07854 3) | iar 4 [1578 0 0.02584 0.10501 0.24307 0.45158 I feeea< lex) tent(ned ies Use the Parabolic Rule on the first part with X48 008% 3 7<10 G7 n( 22a = Zs) +4f)+2F(09)+4f09)+ fag = 02274 nin ae = 0889 4 V8 when m2 8. Let X= 12 * 2 [Stan fo? 2 aes Calculating with a computer, (ie £O8% ty =f Lf CX) + 4S (3) + 2f (a) +--+ 4S (aon) + Sf 6g)] = 0.77335 ies Using a computers plot [7 co, we sets [409] <65 on [0,124] (3y lEss| < [Eel <0 .aa? 65 <0.22933 Hence, [Emer] <0.22933+10°8 11.3 Concepts Review 1, slowness of convergence 2. root; Intermediate Value 3. algorithms 4 A SO=0 536 Section 11.3 36. Suppose x-= 24D, sine the cosine freon teats insign and 4 is decreasing Instructor's Resource ManualProblem Set 11.3 1. Let f(a A)=-3.f2)=6 ” Ty a a) 1] 05 15 0375 2| 02s 12s | 1.546875 3] ois | 1375 | 0650301 4] 0062s | 1437s | oisesar 5 | oos12s | 1.46875 | 0.105927 6 | oo1se2s | 1.48312 | -0.0253716 7 | ooo7s12s | 1.46094 | 0.04001 8 | 0.00390625 | 1.45703 | 0.00725670 9 [000195312 | 1.48508 | -0.00907617 Te LAG 2 Let f(a)axt 45x +1 Sel) =-3,f0) 1 a] mm Lem) ay )eeaos 05 04375 2] 2s 075 | -0,792969 3| 012s | -0.625 | -oosiis2 4] oss | 05625 | 021022 5 | 003125 | 0.59375 | 0.077683 6 | 0.015625 | -0.609375 | 0.00647169 7 | 00078125 | 0.617187 | -0.0303962 8 | 000390625 | -0.613281 | -ao11ss 9 | 0.00198312 | ~0.611328 | ~0.00266589 72-061 Let f(x) =2c08x-e"* M0) = 0.112725, 2) = -0.967629 "| mh a) 1] os 1s | 00816558 2| 02s 12s | o34ai4 3] os 1375 | 0.136256 4] 0.0625 | 1.4375 | 00282831 | 003125 | 1.46875 | -o.0264745 6| oorss2s | 1.45313 | c.000961s16 7| ooorst2s | 1.46098 | -0.0127427 Instructor's Resource Manual 8 | 000390625 | 1.45703 | ~0.00588708 9 | 0.00195312 | 1.45508 | -0.0024619 10 | 0.000976562 | 1.4541 | -0.000749968 11 | o.o0048e2si | 1.45361 | 0.00010883 re las 4, Letfl)=x-2+2Inx. A) = =1, 2) = 1.38629 ” hy My Fm) 7 0s 1S (0.31093 2] 02s 12s | 9303713 3] oa2s 1375 | 00119075 4 | 0062s | 1312s | -0.143633 s | oosi2s | 1.34375 | -0.0653216 6 | o.o1s62s | 1.35938 | -0.0265749 7 | 0.078125 | 1.36719 | -0.00730108 8 | 0.00390625] 1.37109 | 0.00231131 9 |o.00195312} 1.36914 _| -o.00249285 r=i37 5. Let f(a)= 2 46x? 4+9x41=0 S')=32 +1249 1 0 2 on 3 -0.1205484 4 -0.1206148, 5 ~0.1206148 r= 0.12061 Section 11.3 5376 Let f(x)= 7 #x-5 8. Let f(x) =2cosx—e* 9 7 : + 4 S221? +1 H 1 1 15 2 0.8636364 2 1.453915 3 0.8412670 3 1.453674 4 0.8406998 4 1.453674 5 0.8406994 7a 1A5367 G — 9, Letfix)=c0sx-2e r= 084070 7. Letfix)=x-2 +2 Ina. Se) ==sinx-2 7 05 2 04506267 ” Zn 3 0.4501836 7 15 4 04501836 2 1.36748 = 05018 a ee 10. Let fix) =x Inx-2. 4 Lanois ui s 1370154 r= 137018 S@)=inxel 538 Section 11.3 Instructor's Resource Manual25 v 2 2.348287 3 2.345751 4 2345751 r= 234575 TL, Let f(x)= x4 -8x° +227 ~ 24x48 S(3) = 429-245? 4 44x24 ‘Note that f(2) = 0. 05 075 0.585586 0.585786 T 2 3 4 5 35 3.425 3.414414 3.414214 3.414214 2, = 0.58579, r= 341421 12, Let f(x) =x* +6x° +217 +24x-8. S')= 4x 418s? 40424 Instructor's Resource Manual 13. M. 65 6.329632 ~6:3167022 63166248 ~6.3166248 on 5 05 03286290 03166694 0.316248 03166248 3631662, r= 0.31662 Let f(x) = 2x? ~sin“! x, 1 0S 2 0.527918 3 0.526583 4 0.526580 3 0.526580 = 032658 1 Let f(x)=2an"t xx. Section 114.3 5397 25 2 2.338087 3 2.331125 4 2.331122 5 2331122 raaa3ii2 15, Let f(x) = -6 Saar 1 1s 2 1.888889 3 1.819813 4 1.817125 5 17121 6 1.817121 Ye = 1.81712 16, Let f(x)= 24-47 Poy=4e 7 25 2 260 3 2.618373 4 2.618330 5 2.618330 a7 = 2.61833 17, Let g(x) = 58% ey Se)= a) = 1 45 2 4.4934 3 4.49341 4 4.49341 Minimum atx = 449341 Minimum value is = 540 Section 11.3 0.21723, 18. Suppose n= 1, then 2a(Hn 3 wie Suppose the statement is true for k 1 nearx=2 Problem Set 11.4 xy — u 1 0.015037 0.107819 0.089559 0.092890, 0.092273 0.092387 0.092366 0.092370 0.092369 0.092369 = 0.09237 2tan"! x, tn 842 Section 11.4 2 2.214297 2.293208 m. 28, 29, 30. 3 r= =1,87939, r= 0.34730, r= 1.53209 r= 0.28603, r= 1.03208, r= 1.08934, r= 2.32816 r= -2,08204, r= 0.09251, r= 0.91314, r= 1.62015, r= 185411 rel 4 2319173 2327392 2.329961 2.330761 2.331010 2.331087 2331112 2331119 2331121 2.331122 2.331122 xeaasll2 12 1 1923538 2.150241 2.202326 2.214120 2.216781 2.217382 2.217517 2.217548 2.217554 2.217556 2.217556 x= 2.21756 Instructor's Resource Manual2 1B a7 7.085196 3.207084 2.531216 2.393996 2.365163 2.359060 2.357766 2.357491 2.357433 2.357421 2.357418 2.357418 x= 2.35742 x205 07 0.42 0.4872 04996723 0.499998 os os Instructor's Resource Manual 6 a. x=08 be ag = Sq a) ” Xn t 07 1.05 ~0.2625 =1.657031 -22.01392 =2533.133 bb. The algorithm does not yield a convergent sequence. & af)=Zeosar 2 [e"(x)|> 1 in a neighborhood of the fixed points. Section 11.4 5430.816725 0.816726 0.816726 es) 8'(0.81673) = 0.17456 8'(-0.81673) = 0.17456 54 Zcosmr Foss 10, a. x=5(x-x7) 6x=10x-5x? ‘The algorithm yields convergent ; sequences 100.5 or 0.5 xe e ae)=Feosne le'@)|<# ina neighborhood of the b. Let =0.75, fixed points dae * * 1 075 6x=5x43sinnx e ania ae lsina 3 0.793457 4 0.79783 b Leta, s 0.799257 6 0.799752 " a 7 0.799917 1 08 8 0.799972 2 0813613 9 0.799991 3 0.816176 10 0.799997 4 0.816629 u 0.799999 5 0.816709 2 08 6 ogi6723 3 08 7 ogiens 1 Graph y= 8 osi6726 9 og16726 Tet 08 1 “08 2 0813613, : —— Te pesitverootisear2, , “816609 Rewrite the equation st x=1 +14 s 0.816709 6 0.816723 544 Section 11.4 Instructor's Resource Manual1 18 2 1.8642 3 1.8242 b, 4 1.8487 3 1.8335 6 1.8429 7 1.8371 8 1.8406 9 1.8384 10 1.8398 n 1.8390 & 2 1.8395 B 1.8392 “4 1.8394 1s 1.8392 16 1.8393 ” 1.8393 14 a. r= 1839 a 13, a. ano y= V5 = 2.236068, ay = Yea = 2.689994 a= Vendo =2:70839 ayn oe se oed = 2.7080281 r= VSR and must satisfy x20 » waSex 5-0 pe biviveTS 123i 2 2 Taking the mins sig gives a ive solution for x, violating the requirement that x20. Hence, x=(I+Vai)/2=27912878 Leuxe \Sr(iepore. Thnx ‘ satisfies the equation x = J5+x. From part b we know that x must equal (1+ S21)/2 =2.7912878 nro Instructor's Resource Manual neviel ayo Viewi = Vi =1avsaiss ays Viediedl =15837 as=VieVie dies =1.s500532 Taking the minus sign gives a negative solution for x, violating the requirement that x20. 1ev5 Hence, x= 618034 2 Leta =fbodsebrc Tn tsi the equation x= 5x. From pan'b we kw that smut equal (1+-V3)/2 1.618034 xel Pax-1=0 levi T1 2 2 ‘Taking the minus sign gives a negative solution for x, violating the requirement that x>0 Hence, x=: lev 1.618034 2 Let xelt d leo Te Section 11.4 545‘Then x satisfies the equation x= +4, From part b we know that scant cal (14s5)/2= 618034 18, Leta= mand 3 v 2 2 1.785398 3 L772sol 4 1.772454 5 L774sa <1 fora > 0. 16. pst =08+0.28in Let 4 =1. 1 1 2 0.96829 3 0.96478 4 0.96439 5 0.96434 6 0.96433, 1 0.96433, x= 09643 R 48 a. 10,000=—1-(1.015) 17, a, 10,0002 5% -(1- (1.015) 8] 150 10 __ 293.75 1-015) * 546 Section 11.4 w 19010=28- 060% Dasa i Tool a+) Let j, = 0.015 15 16 ” 015 0.015319 0.015539 0.015689 0.015789 0.019857 0.015902 0.015932 0.015952 0.15965 0.015974 0.015980, 0.015983, 0.015986 0.015988, 0.015989, 0.015989 7= 0.01599 50 Let = 049] 03 o-as™) 0.03 0.030484 0.030815 0.031039 0.031190 0.031290 0.031358, 0.031403 0.031432 0.031452 0.031465 0.031474 0.031480, 0.031484 0.031486 Instructor's Resource Manual0.031488 0.031489, 0.031490 0.031490 = 0.03189 19. a. Suppose ris a root. Then LO. FO 1. sofir) = 0. Suppose f(r) = 0. Then Sw) =r-0=r, sorisarootof fo £0) xexe b, If we want to solve fiz) = 0 and F'@)#0 inf, b}, then LO fO- xox EP oats : LO, ID pe £0, L0- pr) _ fo or LF"), yor pe One, nT ZO 20. a. y Instructor's Resource Manual Use Newton's Method, 09 0.947423 0.944075 0.944039 0.944039 cba 2 L cos Use Newton's Method. Sx) 005 x 7 os 2 0.447464 3 0.446049 4 0.446048 3 0.446048 0: Sila) = tan) Use Newton’s Method. H 09 2 09278328 3 0.9283946 4 0.9283949 5 0.9283049 = 092839 Section 11.4 54714.5 Concepts Review 1. slope field s i 5 2 : The oblique asymptote is y 3 Yn +n Yrad 4. average Problem Set 11.5 34/2. 8 g o 5 2 a S 3 & é ales = qv asi S & ¢ 5 z z s é é zg S g ator oy £ To find C, , apply the initial condition: lim y(t) =2 and y(2)=13 2 yee To find C; , apply the initial conditic Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.5 548yeyaxt? The integrating factors ell = ety'tyet ered) Lets) coo net Cys fcsnet de Integrate by parts: let w=x+2, dv=e* de ‘Then du = dx and v=e*. Thus ef y= (a42)e— fetde y= (arte He yax+2-1+Ce* To find Cappy te intial condition: A= y(0)=0414+Ce" =14C Thus, y=xtlte*. fee ee dv=et de. Then du=2dr and v= et. Ths, _ tye (2ee dot — fet ae ree d}et-2et oc 2 Instructor's Resource Manual yo2x To find C, apply the initial condition: 1 3=y(0)= Lace? 2 Thus C= 2.50 the solution is 7 o2x-1 ele 22 Note: Solutions to Problems 17-26 are given long with the corresponding solutions to 11-16. 114,17. [%, | Balers Improved Euler Method y, | Method yy a0 | 30 30 02 [42 aa oa | 588 65712 06 | 8232 972538 Os | 1528 1439856 To_| 161347 BEG 12,418. [%, | Eulers Improved Euler Method y, | Method yi, 00 | 20 20 oz | 16 TH 04 | 128 Tae 06 | 1028 110274 os | O8195 0.90824 10 _| 065536 O741a8 13,19. (x, ] Bulers Improved Euler Method y, | Method yy 00 | 00 oy a 02 oa | 004 08 a O18 os | 024 0032 10 | 040 005; Section 11.5 54914,20. x, | Balers Improved Euler [12 132 Method y, | Method 14] 064 730608 oom |ESe, on Te] 027436 | 086689 a2 ond Ts_| 00see4 | 025008 oes) 20.008 ee zo_| o0anes | 013368 06} 0.040 0076 oa [oz O17 ae eT 2B mor fom | Eror fiom Euler's | Improved | Method __| Euler Method 18,21. [| Balers Tmproved Euler Sc Oo Method y, | Method y, 01 [0.124539 | o00s20T To_{ 10 To 005 [0068984 | 0.001091 12] 12 1244 Tor__| o0Ts4s | o.00004s Ta] ae 60924 0.005 | 0.006765 | OO0G0TT Te | 190864 16410 rsp ram [ons ee 16,22. (x, | Euler's Improved Euler Hence, forthe improved Euler method, the Method y, | Method y, error is proportional toh? to | 20 20 08 | 0.72599 0.73302 oo =o 09 | 0.65124 0.66143 | Balers Improved Euler uaa ROeet co Method y, | Method Ti | 048033 0.49056 oo [10 10 12} 038612 ‘OaT105 02 [10 To 13 | 028680 O31892 04 | 095946 0.56028 14 | 01839 022473 06 | 087833 0.88251 1S _| 007m 013221 08 | 0.75815 0.77002, 1.0 | 0.60203 0.62778 f= 0.05 12] 041450 0.46269 oo] 10 10 14__| 020127 0.28589 o0s | 10 To O10 | 0.99750 099750 h=01 Gis | 0.99285 095251 oo [10 10 020_| 098499 0.98504 or | 10 ry 025__| 097501 097510 02 | 098997 0.99002 030_| 0.96056 096273 03_| 0.96990 OS7015 035_| 098767 0.94796 04 | 0.93990 0.94061 040 | 093088 0.93082 os | 090016 050168 04s_| 09107 O5T135 06 | 0.85098 0.85376 0350] O88e7T 0388960, 07 | 0.79276 0.79735 550 Section 11.5 Instructor's Resource Manual053] O.86da 0.86563 0.60 | 0.83704 083950 065 | 0.80928 Oan128 0:70_| 0.77851 0.78103 O75 | 074573 0.74883 0:80 _| 0.71099 0.71476 08s _| 0.67439 D6TROT 050 | 0.63600 0.64137 O95_| 0.59593 0.60233 1.00 | 055826 056159 1.05_f OSi110 051957 ae 047625 Tas_| 042072 ‘043176 120_| 037371 0.38622 T25_| 0.32565 033974 730 | 0.276650 | 0.29247 135 | 022682 024453 T40_| 0.17630 0.19613 143] 0.12519 Oa75T 150 | 0.07362 0.09927 135 | 002171 0.05395 For this example, Euler's method seems to be ‘more accurate than the improved Euler method 28. a, = 30+Af 0-30) dort hy =(1+ Ay ya = HNL D1) = 31 +O + hy = (14) 99 a= n+ Waa. 92)= 92+ h02 (4A 04H x0 Int + CSpot act) = Inet + Det + Dyna = (40 b. Let N=I/h. Then yy isan approximation tothe solution at x= Nh=(I/h)h=1. ‘The exact solution is y(l)=e. Thus, (1+1/N)* =e for large N. From Chapter 7, we know that im + un 26. Yo = W(x) = 0 N= Yor hf x)= 0+ Af (40) = Hf (x0) Instructor's Resource Manual m1. Jaen tif) =Miloo)+ hf (a) (F620)+ £4) yaya tifa) [F60)+ Fea] + Fn) = WL Sa) + fa) + fl2)] ‘At the nth step of Euler's method, = re tM oe =AS SOD a Borenae fF sina (81) 7609) = (4 ~ 40) sin ¥(%)= (0) = Asin ad y(a)- 0 0.1sino® wu) =0 [P vedr= f? sins’ bv [Pyaar [Psinstar (2) yaa) = (84 ¥0)sinx§ +(x -m)sina? ined Asina? E43) 0) y(42)-0= O.1sin0? +0.1sin 0.1? ‘y(xq) = 0.00099998 Pa todee [Psin2ae (83) Y%0) = (2140) si} (4p ~ay)sina + (45 —29)sin (x3) (0) = hsinag +hsin xf + Asin xd ¥(4q)-0=0.1sin 0? +0.1sin0.1? +0.1sin0.2? ¥(3) = 0.008999 Continuing in this fashion, we have [" y(xyde = [sin x? [ev eide= [sinstac YG) yo) = Yaa sin a B fe Wy) AY Sai) When v0) 0 this becomes 1) = 0.269097 The result y(x,)= AD, f(x)-1) is the same @ as that given in Problem 26. Thus, when ‘F(4,y) depends only on x, then the two ‘methods (1) Euler's method for Section 11.5 55128, approximating the solution to y"= f(x) at +x, . and (2) the left-endpoint Riemann sum for approximating [aya ae equivalent. A [lowdee (VET 3031) 940) = (21-20) 80 #7 Wa) (0) = ho HT x)= 0= 0.1041 (4) = 01 2 senae = [VET [ved = [Pewter yl23)~y(20) = (m1 ~20) V0 + +2 -a nT xq) (0) = hifi +1 + haf #1 ver2)-0= 0.1041 +0.1V0.T4T ‘y(x2) = 0.204881 11.6 Chapter Review Concepts Test ore£O 1. True: Pays f+ for LO? 2, True: Ifplx) and g(x) are polynomials of degree less than or equal to n, satisfying p(a) g(a) = fla) and PP (a)= 4 (a)= f(a) for KS n, then p(x) = 9(x). 3. Truc: (0)= f"(0)= f7(0)=0, its second ‘order Maclaurn polynomial is 0 4, True: After simplifying, (x) = f(x). 5. True: Any Maclaurin polynomial for cos x involves only even powers of x 6, True: The Maclaurin polynomial of an even function involves only even powers of x,80 f'(0)=0 if ffx) is an even function. 7, True: Taylor's Formula with Remainder for 552 n=0is flx)= Slat f(ola-a) which is equivalent to the Mean Value Theorem. Section 11.6 8 10, ML. 2 13. 4 1s. [Pred (2 erie W643) - 129) = (1-9) 4T +n antl +05 -m Wa aT yay) (0) = 0.1NOFT+0.VOTAT +0024 yas) = 0.314425 Continuing in this fashion, we have [gy teodes [ft Jeter tel Hq) 0) = D Ca Ra FT a 4) = When 1 =10, this beeomes x9) =O) = 1.198119 False: A caleulator can be limited toa certain number of significant digits. False: Forexample JS"% dr cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions. 2 False: & 6c <0, sothe e210 ‘Trapeaoidal Rule will give a value greater than the true value, True: Ej =0 since the fourth derivative of x is0, False: A computer ean be limited 2 te: few as? sincen| sl | fe"|+Jsincx+ 0) sl+4+1=6 ‘True: This is the Parabolic Rule for n=2. Since f(x) =0, E2=0, sothe rule is exact, True: Intermediate Value Theorem Instructor's Resource Manual16, False: See Example | of Section 10.4 17, False: pat = fiat, (See f Problem 22 of Problem Set 104) 18, True: If #"(x)> 1. the Fixed Point Theorem fails 19, False: =10x: [g(x] 1 ina neighborhood of te fixed point 20, True: 21 True: At(Q.1) the slope is y"=2-1=2 22, False: yy" =2>0. Thus. the solution is eoneave up. The estimate from Eulers method will under- rc estimate the solution, ‘Sample Test Problems 1 P(x) = x: p(0.2) = 0.2; f(0.2) = 0.1998 Ra f(x)=xe* AO) =0 f=! S(O)=2 Sx) a3eFxe% — fQ)=3 Ma)=det eset fMO=4 sxereigett foayertt steed ‘fO.1) = 0.11082 ’ KO) a M(x) =sinhx - La) = cosh Instructor's Resource Manual 1 late ayetette dk Fereege ta ‘AO.1)= 1.005002 g(x)28-2 45x-7— g(2)=3 gi) =x 45 £2)=9 ails) =6x-4 g7Q)=8 2%a)=6 QV=6 Since g(x) = 0, Ry(x) = 0, so the Taylor polynomial of order 3 based at 2 is an exact representation. (2) = Py(x) =3+ 92-2) 44-2)? + (x= 2 92.1) =3+9(0.1) + (0.17 +(0.1 = 3.941 sf) F(a) == (1-082) AO) =0 S'(x)=sin2x f'0)=0 S7(a)= 20082 S(O) =2 £(O)=0 SO) FOO)=0 S(c) = 320082¢ La Section 11.6 553Vecol= etal <2.85%10% (0.25)"*" (n+ <0.00005 when nz5 9, From Problem 8, nneete-D-Leot let? <4.07%10°5 ot [inca 3 [o-9-pe- jap Lepciytsbyecn! Font o-0 |« pales ete a x12 + h(a (2-1)? 26-9 +S) 12 Le pte tee pe dee y8 + heen end’ +356 r] = -0.00269867 Error < (1.2-0.8)4.0710" < 1.6310 he 10. fix) =Inx, h= 0.05 a in LE) 0 oso | 022314 1 oss | -0.16252 2 090 | -0.10536 3 09s | ~0.051293, 4 1.00 0 5 Los | 0.04879 6 110} 0.09831 7 Lis | 0.13976 8 1.20 | 0.18232 554 Section 11.6 Ty [7 (%0)+2f 04) +... 42F(a7)+ S39)] ~0.00278607 08 1 os 4 8 cr aixio 12-8? <2] 12-8? 0,8? 11, fx) = In h= 0.08 n in i) 0 080 “022318 1 0.85 0.16252 2 0.90 ~0.10536 3 09s 0.051293 4 1.00 ° s 1.05 0.04879 6 110 0.09531 7 Lis 0.13976 8 1.20 0.18232 pe inxds = ism) +4str+2fea) 44S (x9) + fg) = -0,00269939 : ie {5086 atsig? al imatoF 12, 2inxde=txinx— f2 = -0.00269929 13, lx) = 3x—c0s 2x, f"(x) =3+2sin 2x Let 5 =0.5 7 05 2 0.2950652 3 0.2818563 4 0.2817846 3 0.2817846 x= 0281785 2p 3 v Os 2 0.18010 3 0.311942 4 0.270539 5 0.285718 Instructor's Resource Manual0.280375 0.282285 0.281606 0.281848 0.281762 0.281793 0.281782 0.281786 0.281784 0.281785 0.281785, 6. Li tet ols As) =x~tanx, f(x) = nrg 8 2 | ses6srr9s 3 | 460091050 4 | 454662258 5 | asosssois 6 | aapea2es 7 | saosai2s9 8 | sa9r40046 sd 16. The Fixed-Point Method does not work because if g(2)= tan, g(2)=see?x and [p"(x)]>1 in a neighborhood of the root. Instructor's Resource Manual 17. Graph y=et andy=sinx Let x Sl) = ef ~sinx, f(x) =e ~cosx 7 3 2 3.183603, 3 3.183063 4 3.183063, x= 3.18306 18, Buler's Method: Xn Yn 1 2 12 24 14 2.976 16 3.80928 18 5.02825 20 6.83842 19. Improved Euler Method Xn Yn 0 2 02 3.56 oO 6.3368 06 11.2795 os | 2007752 10 | 3573798 12 | 6361361 14 113.2322 16 | 201.5533 18 | 358.7650 20 | 638.6016 Section 11.6 55511.7 Additional Problem Set © Yowt = Yn 0.1n) = Aya? 0 =0.yy=1 1. Using a computer. the table is as follows A z x 7 Gm 7 on 1 2 02 121 ° @D 3 03 1331 1 | 6.558, 09510) 4 oa 1.4641 2 | (3.7689, 0.809) 5 os 1.61051 3 | @osai,o.s878) 6 06 LITIS6I 4 | (43982, 0309) 7 o7 19487171 ‘| (an24.0) 8 os — | 214358881 Bei iaen 9 og — | 2357947691 10 10 _ | 25937424601 = (5.3407, -0.5878) 8 (5.6549, -0.809) 3 = Yq +0.25()q) #12595 9 | (5.9690,-0.9511) 0.25 10 (6.2832. -1) Fn 1.2594) = 1-28125y 93 Dm yng =n +0-M(Ry + yg) = 01% +1 7 Te ve y= 0.99 =1 i 025 128125 = 0.50 1.641602 A i Ju 3 0.75 2.103302 y ou By 4 1.00 2.694856 a ea ve predicted 3 03 1.362 a 4 04 1.5282 Yast =n a. 420.9 De Yup = Yp #0-28(%4) = 125993 n Se Ye 1 Ol 7.105 7m Tn 2 02 1.221025 1 0.25 125 3 0.3 1.349233 2 0s 1.5625 4 04 1.490902 3 075 1.983125 5 os 1.647447 4 1.00 __| 2.44140625 6 06 1.820829 a o7 2.011578 8 os 2.222789 9 09 2.456182 10 10 2.714081, 556 Section 11.7 Instructor's Resource Manualbe Yuet = Yn # 0.05% + Yn) 0.0545 +1.05y9; 2920.3 7 a 7 : 005 1.05 2 o.10 1.108 3 — 4 020 | 123101 5 oas | 130256 6 030 | 138019 7 oas | 146820 3 _ 9 oas | 165266 10 oso | 1asr79 h oss | 187008 2 oa | sein B oss | 2.12130 4 o70 | 225986 3 ors | 240786 16 oso | 2ses7s 7 oss | 273408 8 oso | 201324 8 oss | 3.10300 20 es Yaa Pees =n FON + Yn) wots +1, Yast Yat Nay Ig pet # 0M He) yg #005 15g +2y4 #44 #040) 005%, #1105, +0005, 20.3% 7 i mn 7 ar na 2 a2 1.24205 3 03 130887 4 as 158180 5 as 179489 6 as | 204086 7 o7 | 232315 8 os | 2.64358 9 os | 301236 10 vo | 3.42816 Instructor's Resource Manual Section 11.7 587