Analysis Risk Factors of Stroke Disease for Patients in the Internal Treatment Room,

Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi

*Amriati Mutmainna

Abstract. Stroke is a brain injury associated with cerebral blood flow obstruction. Stroke
usually caused by multiple risk factors, namely age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia,
obesity, and smoking. In the case of stroke and each year more and more likely to increase
because people do not know the causes and risk factors in order to be a research stroke.
Purpose. Research purposes to known risk factors of stroke disease for patients in the
Internal Treatment Room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi. Methods. The
study design used was a case control study that researchers take measurements on the first
dependent variable, while the independent variable traced retrospectively to determine the
presence or absence of factors that play a role. The sample in this study sample as many as 10
cases and 10 samples as a control group. Result. The results showed age is a risk factor of
stroke by 84% probability. Gender is a risk factor of stroke with a probability of 84%.
Hypertension is a risk factor of stroke with a probability of 86%. Hypercholesterolemia is a
risk factor of stroke with a probability of 75%. Obesity is a risk factor of stroke with a
probability of 50%. Smoking is a risk factor of stroke with a probability of 84%.
Keyword: Stroke, Age, Gender, Hypertension, Obesity, Hypercholesterolemia, and
Smoking
Introduction
Stroke is a brain injury associated with cerebral blood flow obstruction. Stroke can
occur due to thrombus formation in a cerebral artery, due to embolus flowing to the brain
from elsewhere in the body, or a brain hemorrhage. On the stroke of cerebral hypoxia occurs
that causes injury and death of neuron cells. Brain damage due to stroke, occur as a result of
swelling and edema that arise within the first 24-72 hours after the death of neuronal cells.
A risk factor for stroke include: age, gender, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia,
obesity, and smoking. Ages increasingly higher risk of stroke, it is due to the elasticity of
blood vessels. Men have a higher propensity. Hypertension is a potential risk factor for
stroke. Heightened number of cholesterol in the blood, especially low density lipoprotein
(LDL), an important risk factor for the occurrence of atherosclerosis (thickening of blood
vessel walls followed by a decrease in the elasticity of blood vessels). Obesity is a risk factor
for heart disease and as for healthy dishes with a balanced diet in obese patients. People have
very clearly known, smoking is a strong risk factor for myocardial infarction and sudden
death.

Method
The research design was a case control study that researchers take measurements on the
dependent variable advance (effects, eg stroke), while the independent variables traced
retrospectively to determine the presence or absence of factors (independent variables) that
play a role, such as age, sex, hypertension, cholesterol, obesity, smoking. Data were analyzed
using the Odd Ratio to determine the relative risk value of each variable studied were age,
sex, obesity, smoking, blood pressure, and cholesterol to stroke.

In this study population was patients with stroke who were treated in Labuang Baji
Hospital Makassar as cases and people who have never had a stroke as a control. The sample
used in this study is that met the inclusion criteria. Thus, the calculation resulting from a
large sample of 20. From this amount will be split into 10 samples for the case group and 10
samples for the control group. The sample in this study were drawn based on the specific
purpose and researchers determine their own samples to be taken that patients who suffered a
stroke and who do not suffer from a stroke.
The dependent variable data collection is done by using observation status of the patient
to see a medical diagnosis of stroke. The independent variable is measured by measuring
blood pressure, weight, and height, view the status of the patient and laboratory use or
interview questions to respondents.

Result
The results can be reported as follows:
1. Age as a risk factor for stroke
Table 5.1
Cross Tabulation Between Age at Stroke Disease for Patients in the Internal Treatment
Room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar
Stroke Disease Amount
Not Suffer
Age Suffers Stroke
Stroke N %
N % N %
>45 years 7 70 3 30 10 50
<45 years 3 30 7 70 10 50
Amount 10 100 10 100 20 100
Source: Primary Data Odd Ratio: 5.444

2. Gender as a risk factor for stroke

Table 5.2
Cross Tabulation Between Gender at Stroke Disease for Patients in the Internal Treatment
Room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar
Stroke Disease Amount
Not Suffers
Sex Suffers Stroke
Stroke N %
N % N %
Male 7 70 3 30 10 50
Woman 3 30 7 70 10 50
Amount 10 100 10 100 20 100
Source: Primary Data Odd Ratio: 5.444

3. The blood pressure as a risk factor for stroke

Table 5.3
Cross tabulation between Blood Pressure at Stroke Disease for Patients in the Internal
Treatment Room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar
Stroke Disease Amount
Blood Not Suffers
Suffers Stroke
Pressure Stroke N %
N % N %
Hypertension 8 80 4 40 12 60
Normotensive 2 20 6 60 8 40
Amount 10 100 10 100 20 100
Source:Primary Data Odd Ratio: 6
4. Cholesterol as a risk factor for stroke
Table 5.4
Cross Tabulation Between Cholesterol at Stroke Disease for Patients in the Internal
Treatment Room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar
Stroke Disease Amount
Not Suffers
Cholesterol Suffers Stroke
Stroke N %
N % N %
Hyper-
10 100 5 50 15 75
cholesterolemia
Normal
0 0 5 50 5 25
Cholesterol
Amount 10 100 10 100 20 100
Source: Primary Data Odd Ratio: 0.333

5. Obesity as a risk factor for disease Stroke

Table 5.5
Cross Tabulation Between Obesity at Stroke Disease for Patients in the Internal
Treatment Room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar
Stroke Disease Amount
Not Suffers
Obesity Suffers Stroke
Stroke N %
N % N %
Obesity 4 40 4 40 80 40
Not Obesity 6 60 6 60 12 60
Amount 10 100 10 100 20 100
Source: Primary Data Odd Ratio: 1

6. Smoking is a risk factor for stroke

Table 5.6
Cross Tabulation Between Smoking at Stroke Disease for Patients in the Interna
Treatment Room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar
Stroke Disease Amount
Not Suffers
Smoking Suffers Stroke
Stroke N %
N % N %
Smoking 7 70 3 30 10 50
Not Smoking 3 30 7 70 10 50
Jumlah 10 100 10 100 20 100
Source: Primary Data Odd Ratio: 5.444

Discuss
1. Age as a risk factor for stroke
Based on the results obtained from the data of patients aged >45 years and suffered a
stroke as many as 7 people (70%) and who do not suffer from a stroke by 3 people (30%).
After analyzed by using test values obtained Odd Ratio of 5.444 means that patients
aged> 45 years 5.444 times have the possibility to have a stroke compared with patients
aged <45 years. The probability of patients aged> 45 years to suffer a stroke by 84%.
Cross-tabulation between age and stroke disease can be seen in table 5.1.
2. Gender as a risk factor for stroke
Based on the results obtained patient data-sex male and suffered a stroke as many as 7
people (70%) and who do not suffer from a stroke by 3 people (30%). Having analyzed
using Odd Ratio test obtained by value of 5.444 means that the patient Odd Ratio sex
male 5.444 times have the possibility to have a stroke compared with patients who are
female. The probability of patients who sex men to suffer from stroke by 84%. Cross-
tabulation between the sexes with the stroke can be seen in Table 5.2.
3. The blood pressure as a risk factor for stroke
Based on the results obtained patient data systole blood pressure >140 mmHg or
diastolic> 90 mmHg and suffered a stroke as many as eight people (80%) and who do not
suffer from a stroke by 4 people (40%). After analyzed by using test values obtained Odd
Ratio of 6 means that patients with hypertension (systole blood pressure> 140 mmHg or
diastolic> 90 mmHg) has 6 times the possibility to have a stroke compared with normal
tension patients. The probability of hypertensive patients to suffer a stroke by 86%.
Cross-tabulation between blood pressure with stroke can be seen in Table 5.3.
4. Cholesterol as a risk factor for stroke
Based on the results obtained patient data in cholesterol> 200 mg / dl and suffers a
stroke by 10 people (100%) and that did not suffer a stroke as many as five people (50%).
After analyzed by using test values obtained Odd Ratio of 0.333 means that patients
cholesterol> 200 mg / dl 0.333 times have the possibility to have a stroke compared with
patients whose cholesterol <200 mg / dl. The probability of patients in cholesterol> 200
mg / dl to suffer a stroke by 75%. Cross-tabulation between cholesterol with stroke can be
seen in Table 5.4.
5. Obesity as a risk factor for stroke
Based on the results of the research data showed patients who are obese and suffer
from stroke by 4 people (40%) and who do not suffer from a stroke by 4 people (40%).
After analyzed by using test values obtained Odd Ratio of 1 means that patients who are
obese have a probability of 1 times or have the same opportunities to have a stroke
compared with patients who were not obese. The probability of patients who are obese to
suffer a stroke by 50%. Cross-tabulation between obesity and stroke can be seen in Table
5.5.
6. Smoking is a risk factor for stroke
Based on the results of the research data showed patients who smoked and
suffered a stroke as many as 7 people (70%) and who do not suffer from a stroke by 3
people (30%). After analyzed by using test values obtained Odd Ratio of 5.444 means
that patients who smoke have the possibility 5.444 times to have a stroke compared with
patients who did not smoke. The probability of patients who smoke to suffer from stroke
by 84%. Cross-tabulation between smoking and stroke disease can be seen in Table 5.6.

Conclusion
From the results of research on the analysis risk factors of stroke disease for patients in
the internal treatment room, Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar was concluded as follows:
1. Age is a risk factor of stroke for patients with a probability value of 84% and Odd Ratio
value of 5.444 means that patients aged> 45 years 5.444 times have the possibility to have
a stroke compared with patients aged <45 year.
2. Sex is a risk factor of stroke for patients with a probability value of 84% and a value of
5.444 means that the patient Odd Ratio sex male 5.444 times have the possibility to have
a stroke compared with patients manifold female genital.
3. Hypertension is a risk factor of stroke for patients with a probability value of 86% and
Odd Ratio value of 6 means that hypertensive patients have the possibility of 6 times to
have a stroke compared with normal tension patients.
4. Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor of stroke for patients with a probability value of
75% and Odd Ratio value of 0.333 means that patients cholesterol> 200 mg / dl 0.333
times have the possibility to have a stroke compared with patients whose cholesterol <200
mg / dl.
5. Obesity is a risk factor of stroke for patients with a probability value of 50% and Odd
Ratio value of 1 means that patients who are obese have a probability of 1 times or have
the same opportunities to have a stroke compared with patients who not obese.
6. Smoking is a risk factor of stroke for patients with a probability value of 84% and
amounted to Odd Ratio 5.444 means that patients who smoke have the possibility 5.444
times to have a stroke compared with patients who did not smoke.

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