REMEMBERING THE KANJI Il a systematic guide to reading Japanese characters James W. Heisig©1987 by James W. Heisig Al rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Jaraw PusticaTions Trapine Co., Lrp., 1-2-1, Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101 Japan First edition, First printing: January 1987 Seventh printing: March 1993 Distributors: Unrrep States: Kodansha America, Inc. through Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 19 Union Square West, New York, N.Y. 10003. Canapa: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Lid., 91 Granton Drive, Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 2N3. Brrnsi Istes and Evkorean Continents Premier Book Marketing Ltd., 1 Gower Street, London WCIE 6HA. Australia and New ZeaLanp: Bookwise International, 54 Crittenden Road, Findon, South Australia 5023. Tut. Far East and Javaw: Japan Publications Trading Co., Lid, 1-2-1, Sarugaku-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101 Japan 10987 ISBN 0-87040-748-1 ISBN (JAPAN) 4-88996-003-1 Printed in Japan CONTENTS Introduction PART ONE: Chinese Readings 1. The Kana and Their Kanji 2. Pure Groups 3. One-Time Chinese Readings 4, Characters with No Chinese Readings 5. Semi-Pure Groups 6. Readings from Everyday Words 7. Mixed Groups 8. Readings from Useful Compounds 9. A Potpourri of Readings 10, Supplementary Readings PART TW Japanese Readings 11. A Mnemonics for the Japanese Readings INDEXES Index 1. The Signal Primitives Index 2. The Kanji Index 3, Chinese Readings Index 4. Japanese Readings Index 5, Cross-Reference List i 19 85 89 121 150 198 226 256 295 313 317 328 348 373INTRODUCTION As the title suggests, the present book has been prepared as a companion volume to Remembering the Kanji: A Complete Course on How Not to Forget the Meaning and Wnting of Japanese Characters. It presumes that the material covered in the first book has already been mastered and concentrates exclu sively on the pronunciation of the Japanese characters. Those who ap- proached the study of the kanji in a different manner may find what is in these pages of some use, but it has not been designed with them in mind. ‘As | explained in the Introduction to the former volume, if itis the stu- dent's goal to acquire proficiency in using the Japanese writing system, the entire set of “general-use characters” (‘i 1) need to be learned. To in- sist on studying them in the order of importance or frequency generally fol- lowed in Japanese schools is pointless if some other order is more effective as ‘a means to that final goal. A moment's reflection on the matter is enough to dispose of the common bias that the methods employed by those who come to Japanese as a foreign language should mirror the methods used by the Japan- ese themselves to learn how to read and write. Accumulated experience and education—and in most cases an energetic impatience with one’s own ig- norance—distinguish the older student too radically from Japanese school children to permit basic study habits to be taken over with only cosmetic changes. A clearer focus on the destination should help the older student chart a course more suited to his or her time, resources, and learning abilities—and not just run harder and faster around the same track. Perhaps the single greatest obstacle to taking full advantage of one’s privileged position as an adult foreigner is a healthy fear of imposing alien systems on Japanese language structures. But to impose a system on ways of learning a language does not necessarily mean to impose a system on the lan- _Buage itself. To miss this distinction isto risk condemning oneself to the worst sorts of inefficiency for the worst sorts of reasons. Obviously the simplest way to learn Japanese is as the Japanese them- selves do: by constant repetition, without interference, in a closed cultural en- vironment. Applied to the kanji this involves drilling and drilling and drilling until the forms and sounds become habitual. The simplest way, alas, is also the most time-consuming and frustrating. By adding a bit of organized complexity to one’s study investments, the same level of proficiency can be gained in a fraction of the time. This was demonstrated in the first volume as far as the meaning and writing of the characters are concerned. By isolating4 REMEMBERING THE KaNut IT these skills and abstracting from any relationship they have to the rest of the language, a firm foundation was laid for the next step, the assignation of sounds or “readings” to the individual characters. That is the subject of this book. ‘The earlier volume was described as a “complete course”; the present volume is offered as a “guide.” The differences between the two books are as important as the similarities. While both books are intended to be self-taught and allow individual readers to progress at their own pace, the former traced out a path step by step, in a clearly defined order. Here, however, the material is presented in such a way that it may be followed frame by frame or may be rearranged freely to suit the particular student's needs. The reason is that the readings of the kanji do not allow for any more than a discontinuous systematization: blocks of repeating patterns and clusters of unpatterned ‘material organized under a variety of rubrics. In fact, the only thing ironclad ‘out the method is the assumption that the student already knows what the characters mean and how they are written. Without that knowledge, the systematization becomes all but opaque. In any event, itis important to gain some understanding of how the book as a whole is laid out before deciding how best to make use of it. The book falls into two parts of wildly disproportionate length. The first ten chapters cover the Chinese or on readings (& it); the last chapter, the Japanese or kun readings (34). This should not give the impression that the on readings themselves are so much more difficult than the kun readings, but only that their systematization requires much more attention. What is more, the method followed in Chapter 11 is closer to that followed in Vol. I and can thus be treated in relatively short shrift. (One of the chief reasons for frustration with the Chinese readings is not that there are so many Kanji to read, but that there are so few readings to go around, creating a massive confusion of homonyms to the uninitiated. No sooner does one attempt to establish a set of rules to rein in this phenomenon than exceptions begin to nibble away at one’s principles like termites until the entire construction begins to look like a colossal waste of effort. True enough, there are exceptions. A lot of them. But there is also a great deal of consistency which can be sifted out and structured for the learn ing, The principal aim of the first ten chapters is to isolate these patterns of consistency and use them to the fullest, holding brute memory at bay as lor as possible. To this end I have introduced what are called “signal primitive By this I mean primitive elements within the written form which signal a particu- lar Chinese reading. Since most of these primitive forms were already assigned ‘a meaning in the first book, the strategy should come as a welcome relief and carry you well over one-third of your way through the on readings. Whatever readings fall outside the compass of this method are introduced through a va~ riety of devices of uneven difficulty, each assigned its own chapter. ‘Chapter 1 presents 56 kanji which form the parent-kanji for the forms of INTRODUCTION 5 the hiragana and katakana syllabaries and whose readings are directly related to the modern kana sounds. 49 of them are Chinese readings, 7 are Japanese. Chapter 2 covers a large group of characters belonging to “pure groups” which the presence of a given signal primitive entails a uniform sound. Chapters 3 presents the small group of kanji whose readings are not homonyms antl may therefore be learned in conjunction with a particular character. Chapter 4, conversely, lists characters with no on reading. Chapter 5 returns to the signal primitives, this time gathering together those groups in which a signal primitive entails a uniform sound—but with a single exception to the pattern. These are called “‘semi-pure” groups. Chapter 6 brings together readings drawn from everyday words, all or nearly all of which should have been learned during the course of a general introduction to Japanese conversation. Allowing for occasional slight shifts of meaning from those assigned the kanji in the first volume, the only work that remains to be done is to see how Japanese puts the pieces together to create new meanings, Chapter 7 returns one final tirne to the use of signal primitives, picking up what characters can still make use of the device and subdividing them into three classes of “mixed-groups” where a given primitive elements can signal two or more different sounds. Chapters 8 and 9 follow the pattern of Chapter 6, except that the com- pounds will be less familiar and require learning some new vocabulary. The only thing these kanji have in common is that they do nor belong to any natu- ral phonetic group. The most useful compounds are presented in Chapter 8. ‘The generally less useful compounds of Chapter 9 are all introduced with ex- planatory comments. Chapter 10 is a wastepaper basket into which I have thrown the remain- ing readings: uncommon, rare, or generally restricted to proper names. All the kanji from Chapters 1 through 10 are arranged in a frame of un- iform design (see Figure 1 below). Taken together, they cover the entire range of on readings established as standard by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Five Indexes have been added to facilitate reference and review. Index 1 lists all the signal primitives, arranged according to number of strokes, and Chinese internal cross-reference Frame no. reading cross-reference foVol. 1 Ry ab AEA, commonplace or profunciation meaning of compound ‘of compound compound Figure 16 REMEMBERING THE KANIT IT the frame in which they first appear. Index 2 presents a listing of all the kanji treated in this and the former volume, arranged according to the number of strokes. Index 3 lists, in syllabic order, all the on readings, their respective kanji, and the number of their respective frames. Index 4 lists all the kun read- ings and their respective kanji, Together these two indexes constitute a com- plete dictionary of readings for the general-use kanji. Index $ follows the frame sequence of the first book, giving the kun readings and the frame(s) in Which the om reading is introduced in this book. The frames have been arranged to facilitate reviewing: if you block out everything to the right of the compound used as an example, the student is able to run a simple self-test from time to time. For more thoroughgoing review, the flashcards that Were prepared according to the design given in ‘Chapter 5 of the first volume can be completed, with the aid of the Indexes. A complete explanation is provided in Chapter 11. Although the principles that govern the structure of this book will become clearer as the student grows more familiar with the content, there are a few points that seem worthy of mention at the outset. They represent both the courtesies I paid my own memory in learning to read Japanese and the pitfalls I watched fellow students fall into following other methods. As time goes on, you may or may not choose to follow them, but at least you should know what they are. First, relating one compound to another by means of similarities of sound is to be avoided at any cost. It merely clutters the mind with useless formation. The fact that the two syllables sensei can mean teacher (%:4) or astrology (45 #!) or despotism (8 (il) or oath (8 #9), depending on the kanji assigned to them, may come as such a surprise that you are tempted to make some use of the coincidence. Resist the temptation. Second, it is best not to try to learn on and kun readings at the same time for the same character. The idea of “conquering” a character in its entirety will be supported by nearly every textbook on the kanji you pick up, but is nearly as mistaken as trying to learn to write and read the kanji at the same time. Once you have learned the general-use characters, you will have a much better base from which to learn the meaning, writing, and readings of new characters en bloc as you meet them. Until then, cling to the Caesarean principle of “divide and conquer. ‘Third, with few exceptions, it seems preferable to learn the several pos- sible Chinese readings of a given character as they come up, in isolation from one another. When second or third readings appear, reference to earlier frames will inform you of the fact. You will no doubt notice that the quickest way to complete the information on your flashcards is to rush to Index 5 and start filling them in. If you do, you might end up with a tidy set of cards that INTRODUCTION 7 are no longer of any use for review, or else find yourself reviewing what you haven't yet studied. In either case, you would be sidestepping the entire meth cod on which this book is based. Be sure to read the instructions on pages 297-298 before doing anything with your cards. Fourth, certain Japanese sounds undergo phonetic alterations when set alongside other sounds. For example, —-7: — 7: = a is read ippon, nihon, sambon, the syllable “hon” being like a chameleon that changes to suit its en- vironment. Some of these alterations are regional, some standard. In any case, they are best learned by trial-and-error rather than by a set of rules that is ‘more complex than it is worth. Fifth, a word about Chinese compounds (i838, Uw ¢ &). With a grain of salt, one might compare the biend of Japanese (kun) and Chinese (on) words to the blend of Anglo-Saxon and Latin-Greek words in English. Gen- erally, our words of Anglo-Saxon root are richer in meaning, vaguer, and ‘more evocative than those of Latin-Greek root, which tend to precision and arity. For instance, the word “glass” can suggest a whole range of possible images and meanings, but as soon as we substitute its Latin equivalent, “itrine,"" we have narrowed it down to a more concrete meaning. The presence of Chinese words (generally a compound of two or more on readings) in Japanese performs a similar narrowing, specifying function, while the native Japanese words reverberate wider and deeper meanings. In the same way that we combine Anglo-Saxon words with Latin-Greek words (for ‘example, in the term “fiberglass”), Japanese will occasionally mix on and kun readings in the same compound. As a rule, I have avoided these in the ex- emplary compounds. The order of preference in choosing examples was roughly as follows: (1) a compound that includes a reading appearing in a pre- vious frame; (2) a compound in ordinary use; (3) a compound that uses a reading to appear soon after the frame in question; (4) the most common or instructive compound; (5) a name of a person or place; (6) rare or archaic compounds. The student is encouraged to substitute familiar compounds at any time for the examples I have chosen. Sixth, the use of signal primitives demands the same rigor applied to primitive elements in Vol. I. Where a single jot or tittle of difference is pres- ent, the element is excluded. Additional attention will have to be paid to the position of the primitive, which was not important in the earlier book. Seventh, I would register a plea against trying to begin with the two volumes of Remembering the Kanji at the same time. I wash my hands (or as Japanese would have it, my feet) ofall responsibility for the results. That hav- ing been said, there is no reason that these pages cannot be used in conjunc- tion with a set of graded readers. I would only advise that you begin this after having worked your way through Chapters 2 and 5. The benefit of such an ap~ proach is that it enables you to take full advantage of the grammatical and vocabulary drills that such readers provide. At the same time, the commonly heard advice about learning characters “in context” is one that is not as8 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT sensible as it sounds. Even if I learn the English word “troglodytic” in sentences such as “I can trace my ancestors back to the troglodytic age” or “There's a family of troglodytes in my tool shed,” the word still needs to be learned in the first place. New Japanese vocabulary falls on the foreign ear with much the same impact—totally unrelated to anything we already know. ‘The benefit of a context is that it enables one to drill a number of words and assimilate something of how they relate to one another grammatically and connotatively. Context defines the finer nuances that usage and tradition have affixed to the kanji, but the compounds themselves still need to be learned. For this reason, students who wish systematically to make their way through this book frame by frame need not trouble themselves over the absence of context provided they do not abandon all reading practice in the process, Eighth and finally, a vigorous warning against the use of romaji in learn- ing to read Japanese kanji. Get the idea out of your mind that the Roman al- phabet is a “crutch” to help you hobble along until you master the hiragana and katakana syllabaries. It is nothing of the kind. It is rather a slow and self- inficted amputation that will leave you crippled for the rest of your Japanese reading years. Not only does the Roman alphabet inflict quirks on your pro- nunciation, it cultivates a systematic bias against the kana that gets harder and harder to uproot. Be patient with the kana, and never write Roman let- ters underneath them. The stricter you are in expelling all romaji from your study of Japanese words, the quicker you will find that Roman letters become an obstacle to reading and writing, which they are for the Japanese and should be for anyone learning the language. ‘The manuscript of this book was completed in December of 1977 and pri= vately circulated in the spring of the following year under the title Advencures in Kanji-Lang, Vol. Il: A Guide to Reading Japanese Characters. 1 decided to issue it in a new edition at this time because of the many letters I received from those who had found profit in Remembering the Kanji and were anxious to know how further to systematize their study ofthe kanji. Its my hope that these pages will go some way towards answering that request. only remains for me to express my thanks to Sasabe Midori it, Ito Akiko (HE + , and Sasaki Hirofumi 2 AH , who worked zeal. ‘ously to prepare the Indexes and set the Chinese characters, and to the Japan Publications Trading Company for their continued interest and support. Nagoya, Japan James W. Heisig 25 October 1986 Part One CHINESE READINGSChapter 1 The Kana and their Kanji The two Japanese syllabaries known as hiragana and katakana (or collectively, as the kana) originated as stylized versions of Chinese characters used to represent the sounds of Japanese without any reference to the original meaning of those characters. In modern Japanese not all of the kana retain the sound of their parent-kanji, but there are a number that do, whether as kun-yomi or on-yomi, Which makes learning their reading almost automatic. Many of the calligraphic transformations will be immediately apparent, while others require some experience in Chinese calligraphy. For these latter, hand- drawn characters have been inserted. ‘The letters “H” and “K,” set off in parentheses and inserted in the location of the internal cross-reference numbers, indicate whether the kanji in the frame is parent to hiragana ot katakana ot both. ‘To make a representative listing, it has been necessary to include a number of rare exemplary compounds and compounds that mix om and kun readings. These deviations have been indicated in each case. Despite these difficulties, the frames presented in this brief initial chapter are worth studying carefully before moving on to the simpler ‘material in the next chapter. ‘As stated in the Introduction, on-yomt are listed in katakana and ‘kun-yomi in hiragana, a convention commonly observed in Japanese dictionaries. In the case of kun-yomti, the reading of the kanji is often accompanied by an inflection called okuri-gana (i 1 4), which ‘modern Japanese writes with hiragana. = = (6) 233 2 = ete second-generation (Japanese) * ¢K) 1086 3 at three-year old child; triplets12 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT ae K » (AIK) 951,2034,2162 98 3 | RR me ees = + () (972) 40 4 | #8 bL8 Kuril Islands, orth of Japan | Ft ’ (H) 6% n 5 | ©% 899 eightandtetson both sides iS % zm (HK) 2037 1217 RR BA uneasiness The katakana form comes from the frst 2 strokes only, 6 tk (AUK) 1583 3B 1 HR tol world & # (K) 108 8 ah RLIS more or less Rl; Gs 188 was 9 AA SLA an acquaintance Al] y (HK) 236 906. BATS bro to make use of 10 The kana forms come from the right side of the kanji. Lh] «3 4 @® 1028 W tk werd above; more than ‘THE KANA AND THEIR KANIL B ry 2 Fl | 4 2 (HK) 2236 397 np | t® xe eae x] ab | 23 ES (HIK) 1080 1845 BE nP aroom 13. | The kana orms come from the ight side ofthe kan H| = (FVK) 1006, 1345,2163 1105 a | B® Pov reason; origin iat a (K) 496 764 ‘is BTA metempsychosis. The katakana form comes fiom the last nwo strokes of the kanji only. The reading of the parent-kanji is rare, aside from Bud- hist terms like the one given here 1% * aun oo RR a security; keeping the peace ‘The hiragana form is based on the entire kanji; the katakana 16 | comes only from the last 4 strokes. #16 cd (1091 1423 y | # at absence ({rom home oF work) mys. ey 1024 803 1g | wa tAtt radio waves; electric waves, K , a 1130 10 RK ate es 19 | The example combines on and kun readings.14 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL Ik é (HIK) 1554 370 LES ERS —_tostopphale 20 | The katakana comes from the fist two strokes. kA e (AIK) 346 a7 Pe ec comparison ak ° a (Hy ue am 2 Re tle warrior Zz = (i) 1566 396 Ki == «ALA clothes 23. | Theexampl is an old word rarely used today, as isthe reading. a - (BAK) 1227 525 ac ve oneself; the self 24 | _ The kana forms come fiom the fist 2 strokes ofthe parent-kanj. im | 4» ” (IK) 788 867 MA —IC®D admission (to a group) 25. | The katakanais based on the left side ofthe kanji ony ey | 2 4 aa 1918 2 | 7% tom conduct; actions; deeds 51S 2 (aw) 1246 Bo reo ruling political party 27 | The katakana comes from the bottom half ofthe kanjt ‘THE KANA AND THEIR KANJI 1s Pal a «a7 139 F RE old name for Tokyo 28 | Onby the right half ofthe Kanji is used for the kana. & * aux) 300 181 29 Rom < geometry # ¥ (Aik) 1636 fi 5% 5 cosmos; universe 30 | The katakana comes from the frst 3 strokes of the kanji only. Hy cro > (H) 1559 @ 612 sak ba wisdom 31 The hiragana in question is of, course, the old form. = (H) 235,2056 988 (EM ICH 5S BA Buddhist temple gate with fierce Deva Kings ¢ ) 1161 PRA Wied Italy Only the left side of the kanji is used to form the katakana. The exemplary compound is traditional usage. Modem Japanese 33 (prefers to use katakana for the names of Westem countries. z ¥ (H/K) 1214 34 2H Lob Zigzag (like the kanji 2). E a « 1718 BA aeot Japanese teapot 35 The katakana comes from the stylization of the right side.16 REMEMBERING THE KANIT IL yh | ® (HK) (2209) 686 WARK OFF (place name) 36 | The katakana comes from the first stroke of the kanji. a % 7 (aK) 1094 Re zo (place name) 37 | The katakanais based on the frst 2 strokes only. th = (HUK) 1290 ute FL (man’s name) 38 | This character appeared in Vo. I onty as a primitive (p. 179) B14 » aK) 4 te) aS hot Japanese bath 39 | The katakana uses only the fist 3 strokes of the kanji. te S (AIK) ROS Be in; at The katakana form is based on the left side of the kanji only. ‘The character featured here did not appear in Vol. I, but its prim- itive elements should be easy to recognize. 41 * (K) ea tie (surname) The katakana form is based on the first 2 strokes of the kanji. This character, extremely rare in modem Japanese, Was not intro- duced in Vol. th 42 as x (HIK) ae ne low-ranking Shinto priest The katakana form is based on the left side ofthe Kanjtonty. This extremely rare character did not appear in Vol. I ‘THE KANA AND THEIR KANJI nv Az Zz 2 (EK) 1638,2157 1016 4B A <6 (surname) a ” (6) 1707,1951 1806 HP we avell ‘The katakana based on this character is used rarely nowadays. oe 4 g ( 1111,1457 548 a tena (surname) The hiragana form is based on the final 3 strokes of the kanji. The readings of both characters inthe exemplary compound are 45 | rare, except for names, R 9 2 (HIK) 892 1468 4 | RR to (place name) MW ixR + cau 191 7m am ne (surname) ‘The katakana form is clearly drawn from the right side of the kanji only. The reading of the parent-kanji is rare, except for 47 Proper names. iy 3 u, (HIK) 1190 501 ite ze (uname) The reading shown here is used only in names. Note that the 48 | reading combines kun and on readings. Of the 48 kanji given above, a number were indicated as having rare readings or readings chiefly used in proper names. Those that happen to be general-use Kanji will be assigned more common readings in later chapters, as you will notice from the inclusion of an internal cross- reference number.18 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IT ‘We now turn to kanji whose readings differ from the pronunciation of the kana which they serve as parent-kanji by virtue of an extra syllable which is present in the kanji but not in the kana that comes from it. We begin with 3 characters whose readings lengthen the vowel of the kana syllable, making it a diphthong. a (H) 337 ag | tal Wet < schemes plan ay +e (H/K) 803 1913 50 ei bom blanket #L | va caw 204 1087 SAL Lon discourtesy; impoliteness The hiragana form is based on the whole kanji the katakana on 51 | the right side onty. Like the last 3 frames, the kanji in the following 5 frames share in ‘common the fact that their readings add a final syllable A which is, absent in their kana pronunciation, #)B ty aay 314 190 52 Bb BALA ‘peace of mind | ay a 45 53 tHE TAINED measurement me | ay (ak) 428 sq | Ril CAE Kraven paradise ‘THE KANA AND THEIR KANIT 9 aK vy «) 89 Wee SANE awalk; stroll, 55 | The katakana comes fom the ist 3 strokes ofthe kant wae +4 ay “27 402 BRAS (place name) 56 | This reading is rare, even in place names. ‘The list of characters treated above does not cover all the kana, nor does it begin to include all the possible alternative kanji that have served the function now restricted to the kana. Unless you plan to start penning waka and haiku poems in the classical style, the 56 characters Of this chapter should more than suffice as a background to the relationship between the kanji and the kana.Chapter 2 Pure Groups Perhaps the easiest groups of character-readings to learn are those that share common on readings by virtue of the presence of a common primitive element, called here a signal primitive because it “signals” a particular sound for each character in which it appears. To learn how these signal primitives function, let us begin with a con- crete example, ce rae 9 1 S095 China 57 ‘As you learned in Vol. I, the character in the previous frame serves as ‘a primitive element in a number of other characters with the meaning of “in.” Conveniently, it also provides those characters with a common on- yomi, namely # > %. In other words, each time you see this primitive ‘element, you can be sure what the Chinese reading will be. Among all the kanji treated in Vol. I, there are three characters that fit this pat- tern. All you need do to learn them is to recognize them as possessing the signal primitive. 58 Be 46 9C< admonition; warning 4 Fae 138 59 | mR Sw OTA, — ascendancy rising to the sky PURE GRours ai fh tae 936 oo | # bo 5 DV» agency; mediation ‘There are other “pure groups”—and these are clearly the majority—in which the signal primitive is not itself a kanji, or at least not one in- cluded in the list of those we studied. In these cases, the signal primi- tive is set off immediately to the right of the kanji treated in the frame. An example follows immediately. Unless some other explanation is given, the use of proper names for ‘exemplary compounds is meant to indicate that this reading is used ex- clusively or chiefly for names in modern Japanese. fil | 0 He 918 1839 6 | B® TARE a shop; store 44 * 1840 Me MELE EA a (financial) subsidy 62 if * 1837 63 | Re ies (surname) Fifi 1836 «| 8M VE arrest; capture The size of particular “pure groups” varies. Some are as large as 8, others as small as 2. Since the larger groups are, obviously, easier to learn, we begin with those containing 4 or more kanji, Be careful to note the special conditions that occasionally accompany the signal primitives2 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT Fao 1920 6s | HR Leb 25 company president a I Par 1921 66 | EHR LEED emphasis; instence Wk reo on 67 | (i 259% 9 — bankbook; passbook We Fay 1923 og | eR f£5 5295 swelling; inflation tt 7 1000 69 | 8S at an allowance; grant it 2 1002 70 | Bo thnk government iF 2 1001 n | ee HED cipher; mark; symbol Be 7 1303 wea BEA vicinity This characteris still widely used today as an altemative to that in Frame 69, as the exemplary compound above illustrates 1023 bean curd; tofu PURE Groups * oat 4 | *8 xD social duty; obligation * 642 75 | &m mae meeting; conference cE = 984 6 | u® nee etiquette; courtesy bg ¥ is 77 | ete eth sacrifice ae ig 44 1524 1534 ag | ** ana young man; youth 8 “4 1325 1535 a9 | tat LA ‘mind; psyche i “4 1526 1539 ao | # eyo clean; cleanliness =" ag “4 1528 1538 gi | MR HOTA clear skies a Hitt 4 834, 1529. 1540 a | BE #eL a standstill24 REMEMBERING THE KANI IT 4 1527 1536 3 ae Lite application; petition 44 1530 1537 sq | Bt bate air; appearance tt. ep 5 gs | BA cA 5 people = a 17 go | BA cae wwe [rare] Hf 2 on a7 | HR me resolve; preparedness a 7 HAH (CHAZ Japanese language 4 oe 542 37 go | BA SEA white people; Caucasians if aD 147 o | -8 Wott< ——anights stay 34 ae 282 wa hones to be tense; be imminent PURE GROUPS 2s tA a? 2048 652 on | MF BK LE applause Hit ne: 1869 93. | BRB KE SOA, imported goods fA “ 967 og | MM KMD to beequal to: be amatch for Al, YD = 95 aT mo b2d kitchen knife; cleaver Te 532 96 | cannon ww 533 on | ra VES bubbles; foam ta RY 645 98 ot pled nursing; care i ay 1 99 Pia E5tRS compatriots; fellow countrymen fia, ay 1480 100 a BILES saturationREMEMBERING THE KANHT IT ie | vue 130 tor | #8EA HEE OSA. daughter; young gin ae va 1528 102 | B® C94 concession; compromise ig gay 1529 wos | £&% E29 — thesoil ie ooo 1507 toa | mee U2 5#5 brewing; distillation Ay a % tos | UH 8 moo possibility fy 2 1012 106 | BR 8hC geometry tif » 1013 107 | ther Loom shipping; consignment aK * 469 og | #R 9 Dm schoo! song ay a Ms 109 | SI mA rivers; rivers and streams Pure Grours 27 46 $f 1563 1008 ee pad chemistry ‘The signal primitive must stand alone, with nothing to is righ, 110 | inorderto carry the sound. 46 ” 1009 1 qe WEA flower bed; flower garden’ & i » 1010 12 | %” De® freight AL » 1894 iw | 2% eee shoemaking J 29 544 16 AL CATS manmade The signal primitive in this group must assume a “prominent position” in the chavacter in order to camy the sound with it. When it is tucked away in a comer of the character as a minor 14 element.as in the kanji * , it loses that function. yy 29 2193 $63 115 a Hes success au a9 330 1g | BH — PATI field of speciation uw a9 (28) 139 7 ie coe general publicREMEMBERING THE KANHT IT #1 ay 2200 1355 ue | ED be (black) tea JA i 2 119 ae coed item; clause A Ag 2094 aL 120 FR COWA service; contribution IG a a ra | #9 #05 technique; skill y 1863 Ae Limes chairperson; emcee ¥ 1865 mis oe song lyrics ¥ 1866 ae Lw¢ to breed; raise Pe 1864 fae Leo to wait upon; pay respects to y 1867 126 | F LL heir; successor Pure Grours 29 = B ay 1271 127 aD 15m, teacher; professor at B ny 1273 128 em BAD administration; management Ne ay on 129 et BAL hearse as ay 78 0 | DA 29 superintendent of a building | # BE: 161 1 | &HFS ASK — toeconomize IR ay 2155 1980, 12 | me LOK test; examination [se ey 1672 133 Bie ODA adventors wR ry 16m aq | BH BAS inspection Rl) re 1671 as | AED Japanese “way of the sword”30 REMEMBERING THE KANH IT IR ~ 593 6 | RE BRK narcoties Ls ~ os 137 | PRI FCASS skyscraper HE = 504 13g |i Oat srinding; polishing Be - 2m wo | *e alr witch y 319 uo | +e Lar commissioned officer ile ¥ 2202 960 a | tt Le >L attendance (at work) se ie y oo 12 | te FAL small token (of gratitude) ¥ oot me fob magazine A vy 17 4g | Fa LAatv application; petition PURE Grovrs 31 a vy m0 1119 was | MA ER LA mind psyche fH vy us 146 | LA £5 elongation; extension P vw faa ay | ME LAL gentleman #H ja 7 1776 iam tLe organization 148 | The signal primitive must appear on the righ, alone. 4 x 1779 149 | a 28h ancestors A y 18 150 | B® ath taxation Ls ? 1777 151 | #ke e205 crude; shabby i y 1780 452 | Mut tb obstruction; hindrance {& | 6 m4 1991 153 | Thebes — lowclassREMEMBERING THE KANII I] a4 1832 Zi LT y and Large; for the most part 4 1833 155 | He © Cle _bottomof the sea ib 74 1841 156 | 8 Ltn private residence ji | 2, 441 157 | #89 CREO pti fitting tik re 40 1g | @H ted enemy territory Wi re 2180 40 19 | EM WC & legitimate wife or child 8 7 6s1 160 | Ute to indicate; point out q nae 442 ia > 161 | —# = Hote — onedrop & aA 992 Sie EAE tiple; three times The signal primitive must stand to the right, alone, PURE GROUPS 3 aA an KH EHD ——purture; cultivate 24 1299 164 | BARTS GeOLEC — dinewitha superior Sut a4 416 16s | SEM = ML 9 compensation; indemnity ay 1180 1202 4 ABA hall 166 | The signal primitive muse stand clearly on its own. +l) ay 8 1205 167 | Me RAC idgment | ARE ay 1204 \ 16g | mR tite along a lake 3 ay 1179 1203 19 | Mf EDILA company; companion aie | 29 1816 1m | #% zoe lecture fai 1818 in | #8 zo organization; structureREMEMBERING THE KANT II Pure Grours 35 7a > 2037 1s, | Sa Se ——_conslutination; healing up 29 1817 in | BA 2519 purchase; buying ii 2e 1819 173 | KM — tHe d waterway; drainage ditch Wy 9 uu 174 | BI FESTIH egal circles; judicial world vie] yo 1176 us | xi Fut 5 — water tank i v9 um 16 | 8 %9€9 —— anencounter iv we 1175 177 | ae HEH seacarriage; marine transport fa iy | @ > 209 17g | sat BLOD — exports Tit = 628 79 | ie BOS pleasure; joy ~ 352 aa Brow an instructor ‘The above group of 125 kanji with their on readings represents by far the easiest treated in this book. Stil, it is important to master them ‘well before moving on, if for no other reason than to make sure you have understood what signal primitives are and how they work. ‘When you are reviewing (See Introduction, p. 6), do so only from the compound (not the character) to the reading and meaning—not in the opposite direction, And remember not to clog your memory with use~ less information (for example, which signal primitives share the pro- nunciation ¥ +). Once you are confident of your progress so far, you ‘can go on to the next group of 114 kanji, They are also of the “pure” type, but number only 3 to a group. A re ma 1s2 | #® Le o> red (ermilion) brush aK te 810 1g3 | BRE EC LO special; particular a oe 258 134 | HR LALe® Pearl Mm ad 688 igs | #% heed dissemination Wk Lo o 186 Bux 4&5 Le 9 toabsorb36 REMEMMERING THE KANII IL ah fe ay 1353 137 | #8 ZOOS — topsgrade; high quality al 9 1223 1sg | #08 ba wisdom Hl + 1683 1g9 | sm bh fool (especially an erotic one) 1 4 = 1224 190 | Er br9% supreme wisdom W r a 702 on | 2 enw alu aS r 703 192 | 8% és anger; indignation uy e as 193 | #2 Ebr effort; exertion 7K =4 132 194 | KRDO AAA — eternity vk 4 136 tos | “ie FHA swimming Pure Groups 37 =4 345 196 | aR Am composing a song or poem we | a zy 1039 197 197 | RAR AT fountain ik ay 1199 198 | mei ERA righteous indignation = a 7% 1198 199 | BR SHA tumulus; old burial grounds 4 wR + 1897 20 | AR tak dry-goods; draperies i" HR 2 1998 a | we ees amusement; entertainment =a i 7 1899 22 | WR ca misunderstanding ih ny 1825 os AALO9 editing Nhs ay 1823 204 | BR NAIA bias38 REMEMBERING THE KAN IT ay 1824 205 | es bAK universal a as eae 1606 Sm E9O19 voting eae 1607 27 | #A D2 Sit < — bleaching a Pas bay 1608 208 | Be 46 O29 target; aim RE |e y 1389 2 | #% van kindness and love Ais v 1390 210 | A te magnetism Bh y 1388 a | ## vrs nourishment SE oa ss 22 | He Loci appearance in court it 74 1876 a3 | ®e MAT naval vessels; a fleet PURE GROUPS 39 Ki 4 500 ota Re 29TH school grounds; campus i a 1293 215 aie 25m transit; passage it ” 1292 Ete ae phos in a whirlpool fh a pet 217 ae bet fortune and misfortune = a = Ls ng | oe 9 859 an odd number co t * 192 219 ent th donation = Sar 1981 oy | we aL knight Sh ye a9 206 221 cist eous ‘mine shaft it 2 1870 222 me Toh sea voyage; crossing the ocean40 REMEMBERING THE KAN3I II = IL, a9 648 223 HATS Tred es 856 BA BILLA agiant B a 857 225 6S Bio denial; rejection th a pst 26 | HA BED distance we vo 215 207 eth DAES dryness 228 MIS TH Uwd — topilot; operate RR vy 2035 229 | ieee DUE — seaweed oR ab 934 230 BR E95 %e5 demand; request & ney 936 21 BAH Be OD ambulance PURE GROUPS 41 BR ea” 935 ayy | BR PROD basal = = 1 2 = cows twelve = ‘355 RBA ICtARA ¥20,000 = 32,2056 988 235 | FEM 19 8A. temple gate with Deva Kings All ’ 0 ons 26 | AA bro to make use of f By y 907 237 | Mm «DAK theatrical world Fl y 1687 ag | +8 wo diarrhea fi | # yao 1707 a39 | WR HAD ED bureaucracy SE yoy 1708 240 ee b 3 2 5 dormitory superintendent42 REMEMBERING THE KANIT II 249 Yap 1709 2a | me D2 929 medical care; recuperation FR |* w4 733 24g | RH = SCD workingamine x +4 ™ 243 | SH Pah vegetables wy ig w4 ams mag | BOTS SVUI6 — tocolorin; paint cb “y 1833 248 nas | HE At ateacher *y 249 BH BAL carwash ey 270 m7 | IR EATS pigsiron wt vy 1502 aug | LésA newspaper Hi vy 1503 ik LAF fuel and water PURE GROUPS 43 BL wa 1504 259 | MY LAD — kind; thoughetul fz yy ius as, | BA LAIC®S invasion wm vy 1149 252 | BK LAF Moding We vy 1150 253 | BB LALO bedroom oy be yao 433 254 | XH BALD —asentence (of writing) 7 yvae INS: a55 | BY 29L% commendation ie Bi veo v7 256 | BF LEE Japanese siding paper windows a1 yao a sy | #H (2A Le 5 name of Japan’s main island on yao asg | ARM BSCE” the continents“4 REMEMBERING THE KAN TL eH vay 1432 259 BMTS £ILOD retort; repartee a Dy a1 260 the EDR grandeur; magnificence dE yy a2 261 SUE Not) resort; villa Bi + 2138 398 262 | mae BED dress; attire A H vo ‘1565,2088 209 263 Hae t9KA consultation ay yo 2090 609 ee Ltd thought; thinking, yo 426 265 aE tS ti frost damage Hy yD 83 266 me BATS foul; infraction ail) YP? 149 wk abr surveying; fathoming 267 PURE GRrours G ai) 2 978 26g | Mim = EKA, —_ aspect; facet fK ma 1099 100s 269 eR CoM taking turns; exchange R a4 1007 am | 8S khe loans lending #& a4 1006 on | #8 9 tt mail pouch; mailbag Al “4 1020 a | BZA FD eI A.B,C (old enumeration) a 1021 WR IN arrogance AA 1158 1682 ee Lost iltness we | # zy 56 402 ans | RR AMRA ctomnity bal zy 585 276 | Bll «= CRA Capanese) garden46 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT =e Ki ey ie 27 AR PAA ‘wild monkey Wi ead 234 278 me Lei: 5 seeds and seedlings +i HL eae 670 279 | Ra TAU ED — asketch; profile i eae or 280 ei bord pet cat =| EN ” 1853 541 23, | HE AT ahome cd a ‘542 282 ERTS TAm lay the blame (on someone) t 2 3 283 Ro DED operation (of a factory); work aR =? (2166 217 284 HARE tt plain; coarse TR ee ni 235 | i — ED*D bubbles; foam PURE GROUPS a Tk 7? 644 286 | RH %24D obliteration 2 a ¥ 455 237 | Bi EOL the gist; essentials % a y 659 agg | ihe ves guidance te Hi y 456 289 | mab igs fat We | se? 1265 290 | WH = lor 5 straits; sound; channel i ae 1266 on | we | NA 9 Ratrow-minded mR wee 1267 non | RR BED R catch inacrosssite Gi |e iy | ® a 409 293 | wie = Coe Ed ironbridge ii wo 21 SE #5 92E reform;correctionREMEMBERING THE KANII IT 1S 295 28 way BE rd affable; charming Having completed the larger of the “pure groups,” we now come to the ‘more difficult: those with only 2 kanji. Despite the fact that the groups are small, learning them by means of their signal primitives will come in useful later, once you have left the confines of the general-use kanji. ‘That is to say, many of the signal primitives we are learning here are not restricted fo the characters we treat. a2 1144 ea BAK record annals e2 2191 37 297 | RH BCL verdigrs; green rust Je wy 992 2° 208 | zB WALD New Year's Day iH wy a 299 | mati BAT stubborn; hardheaded & ae ® 29 1381 300 ams amas’ geometry. te * ae 301 | Be bh PURE GROUPS 49 Ik 2 say 302 | 8H fe{2 boredom ahi ye nt 303 | itt 262 Working a mine; mining ]® ae - 304 | 2 & 29D x ¢ cooperation # aay sn 305 | #sitS & x5 ¢ — toblackmal; threaten #S |* yy in 306 | Ba E9GH — sumtotal & yo 749 307 | ae £9%9 alumni mg [a eur x 308 a Lr singing 309 | ksh FHLED — cystal ® ay & 310 | 2% (CA C® —aMnine” spy50 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IL Bee =y 598 au | #2 BIcd disapproval; denial eH 7A ss 312 | sae utd chastity; “honor” ff m = 313. | wea WT scouting a x ry 2 0 314 Bb BALA peace of heart x ay aa 3s | #4 BAR —— guiding; information 1 ay 904 316 | RR HoT _ Felling trees; deforestation fig 1619 3i7_ | Re aus clique; faction & a ross 101 31g | #8 wee disclosure; uncovering PURE GROUPS st 326 “> 1802 319 2% 68S explosion 8 x 18 320 aie i904 adventure et tH * 48 501 we OL hat; cap id * 1794 a n¢ me 322__| First person personal pronoun for boys and men. Pe a? 1793 323 ae Riso clubbing to death HK 7 4123 1775 304 aL ah discourtesy ME 7 im 305 Be RM (theatre) stage Ww + 1384 ae DoS domestic animals,2 REMEMBERING THE KANE IL s ad 1385 307 WE BC TAS — storage battery cell is te 887 328 RM L252 5 symbol fk goo 888 329 en 2522 — disciplinary action; punishment a Fad 52 330 ide x54 ¢ breakfast iil gay ia 331 ae tADE9 — hightide wy) Fo 1676 332 6 iba CES Le — automobile 1) re 1678 333 aw BdED labor ia Ko 1737 277 334 aa DES the Japanese “way of flowers” PURE GROUPS 533 Bo 278 HHS LED to direct; give guidance fe a 1279 336 RE EC insufficiency fe ve om 337 | HTS 4 _ toconclude (a contract) = a4 au aca | OF D 29TH Japanese-style restaurant ra 4 om 465 | Buk ThE suspension; ban ff aL Ls wy 886 465 | MTS COT tobe thorough Hi ry 1160 467 4 EFS Tom — torevoke; withdraw b 10192111 1194 ee hoe to be banned ‘The readings of both characters belong to the official list, but ‘are not the most common readings. Be sure to pay attention to ye 98 455 | BH ORK mulberry farm or orchard it a4 ais 456 (| 8% Sky (geographical) zone ii a4 416 457 | 3% eb freight congestion % 2D 1916 458 | 8% caY private residence 2 oe 1917 a HTS kt entrust; charge (someone with asp | BRT something) z a 262 40 | BFS tHTH send (something) as a gift Re a4 394 4a | BE “Eme extent; degree it 4 os 42 | #8 tet empire 468 | their more ordinary readings. VE » 1195 469 | BH eu a passage; (sling) voyage he 1157 RIC |= HED — abruptly; all ofasudden70 REMEMBERING THE KANT IL PURE Grours n ie be 1158 & ay 1 an | om eo sugar a9 | BM Edm melting om a oe 1630 = as am | #R DE warehcase Hd Ld __ Bloom; melancholy #ll 29 1631 ae 993 a | fit 49% creation asi | #% wd — anactor a ay 1968 aK yao 900 Rm RATS folksong ag. | BF L9D% the autumnseason 18 29 1967 AK yao 901 475 | MMF ESLI — totremble; shake 4g3¢| £#% — ©9 L9 gloom; metancholy Be a9 1604 Bia ” 2102 296 ag | BH C%E% —aemand (opposite of spay) gs | EM Be soampertine We ay 160s TE ” a7 ary | EDR the ips; waist area ass | #0 Rh an amount; a quantity a” 790 ae ey 1035 RE kEd contents ag | BM CEA benevolenceRn REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT PURE GROUPS B ee ¥y 1335 Ke yay 2105 926 487 | MTS Le daEA, — tomends repair gos | b £9 Lx ¢ food provisions we |* yao 5 168 R 496 | sea bed ED — aflow:fowing yy 1646 1976 ass | ® #5 an elephant it vad 163 (& 4o7 | RE 53% ammonium sulfate re 1977 4g9 | 128 %9E9 imagination; fantasy PS S wy 1720 x aon | #0 Shh participation yo 850 490 mat #oLr allibrary; collection of books 6B ae 2088 1721 ie 49% #8 DA distress; wretchedness To 851 ag | Ome LA#5 the heart (organ) itil] “4 ais pe 500 | WHE 9 BHE asystem 481 yar 995 492 aia Le — one (saké) measure it vas a su | £8 Ld Lad tiserascent RS yao 357 siz | Mik Lrd€9 fretting; irritability HE vad S 313 | Bie BALES — (offshore) reef ss, 1 yao i sig | OR Ld CA ashogun x ea? 72 4 Liam sis RES i a ascholarship Be un ye iis 186 516 Re le conservatism i ve = 317 | Leds d hunting 518 ei AL» thanks; gratitude16 REMEMBERING THE KANN! II PURE GRours 1 H ae ot ffl he 980 519 | BR A regrettable sor | RS Foes —— toswoon; fant We 2 1083 x ay 1383 50 | mm cad employing; employment 52g | %BE AMA front door; main entrance Wei 2 1084 ca ay 1386 sa. | mn zea advisor 529 | ER HFA sine (ofanangle) ae {He ¥ 15 BL |# * x10 522 | RAR — LaVAA _altraviolet rays 530 | mi & ted soponc’s desk sie y 563 fl * ats 53 | tie LBs males and females ee starvation ES yy 1025 a v4 02 5 Lan priest; cel 504. | #8 FOES — graduation (from schoo!) oa | peter aoa celebrant ag +4 < y aT 1296 # v? 1680 1737 2 saa | BR CSE iteration 525 | 4% — EoatA, pioneer; forerunner 3 Ba m5 #I bo 755, 534 USO secret 526 | i EDC absolutely; (not) at allB REMEMBERING THE KAN II Es vy 6 535 ae ROD honey comb ar | Me 254 536 | @¥% SAUCES pyramid; monumental work be 2121 646 537 | BR £5 Ux5 boarding (a vessel) Chapter 3 One-Time Chinese Readings ‘The characters brought together in this chapter should be learned well before passing on to the rest of the book. Knowing them will remove another obstacle from the Jong road that lies ahead. This collection of “one-time” readings sifts out all the on-yort that are not homonyms, at least not in the confines of the kanji on which this book is based. We have already learned 5 of these readings in Chapter 1: This means that the sounds + , x 27, &,% , and~ will not appear elsewhere in these pages as a reading for any kanji. The characters they belong to may, of course, take additional readings (see the cross- “ reference numbers) and phonetic transformations may in fact yield the same sound in certain cases, but the sounds will not be assigned to any other characters as a standard reading. There are 42 more such one- time Chinese readings: EE 7? 152 538 Ea Bow — oppression AR cea 2021 919 539 a Mek America, al) oe %0 540 aE X59 villa; private retreat80 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL # ” 1 sat BRFS Le ies to frequent; haunt; infest 4 ee? ” 37 542 | ME 6 Ge Dlackand white; ood and bad ge te 1017 252 543 | HR EDS — (Dlack)tea ap 7 1817 1240 sag | BF TL disciple We a ws 45 | RR 9 Tt dead drunk A a? ser B 546 BAdD March A oe 546 1B say | 278 SAMS 3 months #07 56 SE FED. 2 < precious stones; gems 548 Note how even though the same primitive element appears in both kanji of this compound, it does not serve as a signal primitive. ONE-TIME CHINESE READINGS 81 dt ae 445 549 | Abii oA ES (name ofa Japanese island) a eae 38 550 =H Oed 200 Sah 4+ 356 ssi | 2 BEDE precincts ‘tah ad 762 1122 552 | mit LeU< wheel axis si Yar 7 2009 553 BS Cobre humiliation; disgrace r= BF 878 320 wa BSUS tuckyday a? 927 5 aK chuysanthemum ze ao 1317 sce | 28 coe the air, atmosphere ty =? ‘1013 1050, ss7 | *% L282 foodstutts Dik a7 1856 55g | BOR EDA L artery82 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL ONE-TIME CHINESE READINGS 83 co ad 834 »2 1513 559 TK Thats politeness; courtesy; civility mE b¢ Urs onshore Bh a? 1516 =F 1049 By 560 | MMF — orela _ thetropics ma 1820 Dim BbDA (line of) argument A = R seu | 8 wbich — oneday a Bx 8 mae be ¢C —— anabbreviation A =? 1022 562 | BB EK LA plood relative ‘a 2040 ea i+ Le28A — gotowork; show up at work a =+7 B * 1962 23 563 28 Bice ¢ —youngand old rE a” ame 572 | BA ROUA — anexpert J 1053 - sea | RH diabetes Mi vA 80 573 MTS Led bw toaccepta bribe Ta ay a BZA 29 ONW A,B,and C (the traditional * LS 565 Tapanese way of enumerating) aR xee a seat f uF et me 874 wy we ae. 566 WH boe hanesty, integrity 575 ait fou magazine ye = A ie ass & “ 187 288 567 | 89 be jorsepower a ae wo by all means; at any costREMEMBERING THE KANO IL Bi “4 193 = sr Be BEA taxes cc ay 1856 ost 57g | RE REA preservation; conservation we a 368 579 ae DIED — downfall; destruction Chapter 4 Characters with No Chinese Readings ‘The 86 kanji that make up this chapter are presented more for recog nition than for memorization. As the title indicates, their common point is that they are assigned no Chinese reading in this book. In the case of those that belong to the general-use kanji, this means that no reading has been assigned them in the official list, though many of them do have traditional readings. In the case of those that fall outside the general-use list, it means that none of their readings is useful ‘enough to bear learning at this stage. Look over this list carefully before you go on to the next chapter, ‘making sure that you recognize all the characters. In some cases, yOu will no doubt recognize signal primitives used in Chapter 2. Here, of course, the primitives do not function at all. The cross-reference numbers given in bold print under the number of the kanji refer only to the frame in Vol. I in which each character first appeared. Finally, you will notice that 5 of the kanji have numbers followed by ‘an “a.” This sets them off as home-made kanji or (1 (€ ¢ L) which Japanese did not inherit from Chinese. a je A A 580 581 583 584 5 7 32 53 54 A WL w Sey ja 585 586 587 588 589 60 66 110 153 15486 REMEMBERING THE KANII II (CHARACTERS WITH No CHINESE READING 87 sa tA He tH ard {ie fi {HL ii 5894 591 591a 592 615 616 617 618 619 166 199 200 201 939 oo 942 953 1017 HH & PK Ei xk 4. Au KK Sit Te 593 594 595 596 596a 620 621 622 623 624 202 203 222 42 279 1027 1031 1039 1062 1064 We) We & a K I TM tr z= we 597 598 599 600 601 625 626 627 628 629 410 437 a8 402 an 110 aus 1190 1216 1263 i | | ie A He i | BU wy tll 602 603 604. 605 606 631 632 633 634 514 520 37 518 603 1369 1397 14027 1487 Ho) B® | RM | om | ite We] PF | AD] Re | 607 608 609 610 610a 635, 636 637 638 639 674 690 696 27 173 1471 1486 ‘1488 1498 1517 Jas tl a Mh K iH He a ‘il 611 612 612a 613 614 640 641 642 643 644 ™ 78 780 849 870 1519 1545 1569 1609 1614REMEMBERING THE KANII I] a wh % zB ae Chapter 5 645 646 647 648 649 1655 1666 1713 1716 178 Semi-Pure Groups ” 4 o i | 8 iy |e ‘The Kaj treated inthis chapter fe from tote of Chapter 2 ony in 651 cone significant detail: the signal primitive bears a uniform reading for 0 651 652 653 654 all but one of the characters in which it appears. Here again, secondary 1838 1943 1945, 1946 1950 or tertiary readings for the kanji do not necessarily follow the rule. The point is only that one of the assigned readings of the character is not ftfected at all by the “semi-pure” group to which it belongs by virtue of fa iy BE ae a its signal primitive s AR AL ‘By way of example, let us take a group of 5 Kanji, the first 4 of which 655 show a common reading based on the lead character which serves as a 656 657 658 659 signal primitive for the others: 1961 1979 1995 2003 2006 We AL is wil K z 1619 an 660 661 662 663 664 666 nei | LE gradually; little by little 2018 2034 2039 2040 2041 5 & y a B 667 ae Latte posture; position 665 y 43 2042 Ra Lika capital; funds oe 415 anes L&A inquiry 669 ‘There is one more kanji in the list of those treated in this book that bears the same signal primitive but a completely unrelated reading. ‘This character characterizes the group as “semi-pure”:90 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT SEMERURE GROUES. mk we be wast B vad 86 on | SH | otal tacapitee om | BR LEDHA summons AB vay 87 In some of these groups, the exceptional reading has already been (fame of Japan's current era, learned in one of the previous chapters. In other cases a new reading 678 an Led 1926 to the present) has to be learned. To facilitate recognition of the odd character, the frame shall be slightly indented. These groups may be as large as 8 aes 170 kanji and as small as 3. As we did in Chapter 2, we begin with the larger groups first. Lx 90 _ illumination; aa oe vad 650 a9 a vrs HTS Lr 5# toinvite on | BE URED socialite; sociatizing he vad 1359 ae ay BE 1278 WAFS Le9AM tointroduce; present a em End school song a yao BT RY) a9 a) 1276 a we Lr 5 lakes and marshes 6 | he ke etter vay = vay 342 ab ae 1844 3 | MA L295 L animpera reset or ete aya HH 25st (outlying) suburbs 68 i 385 = seo ‘ a9 1348 wh sg |B BH excess 675. | 8H =F HSD death by strangulation ig nD vn 4y vA 1401 676 | Ste ons comparison an em pees 9 younglady2 REMEMBERING THE KANI IL ay vA 1404 686 | FA HL eC refrigeration; cooling & ut iad 687 ay nee 12:00 (noon or midnight) as sn va 1884 1406 638 | EH CAL anclectricbell co va iis 689 a coh advanced age 2 ‘i yao 140s 69 [ME EOE territory; dominion te » 2039 naz 691 te EKA (Otten) composition FE + 1140 692 wee RCA lastyear AE + 1%. 693 feme AC RA Heeticacid ie ws 1324 694 IR EK Lo toemploit;pu the squeeze on ‘SEML-PURE GROUPS 93 > 141 aK SE fraud; swindle HE # 231 696 Be cemetery % * mm 697 BE LOE cend-of-the-year present Bi * 2002 29 698 cae! alt scale; size # " st 699 BHR = EL ws recruiting a ” wa 700 UR Liz longing; yearning pe 2 233 701 |WRO BK LED filmy; tike a membrane ae Ap) 409 mS hsm Shogunate government 702 | Be bur Sutealnesaisig TR AD 230 703 |RR HCA vague94 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL ‘The former group was included to demonstrate how more than one reading can be given for the exception in the semi-pure group. Strictly speaking the group belongs to Chapter 7. = #4 982 1281 1s 704 Fete that ‘teacher te “4 1283 1558 705 sete bree woman =i) 1284 1556 706 Sa wee ign” of the zodiac te “4 1282 1587 7 | #4 20 one's full name CE 44 1286 1559 708 | ste ren sacrifice iE vy 18s 1800 709 | RHR BETA realestate i |# 72 875 710 | BH = BK Led review (of one’s lessons) wi 7 = TL ae CSD complicated ‘SEMI-PURE GRouPs 95 a 22 464 m2 | Sm {5&6 empty stomach a 2 1611 73 | il KA, mask; disguise Jab y 1087 na’| 2 bane ‘one’s personal history A By 30 ns | #8 BAA New Year's Day A ay au 716 | BB Rise A, bold daring AL ay 668 717 | BR RAD astretcher i ee 2148 587 ma Exe Aik place of execution 718 | Note the mixture of on and kun readings. oe 1075 ng [BR bOLES RE | # a4 230 1360 720 | BR TA, experience96 REMEMBERING THE KANII I] Re aA mi | BR LE smackjlight meal ES a4 m5 n2 E ait flowering stem é +A $82 723 | BM © Ge —_ route; course te BA 716 724 eRe Rh strange; weird 5 yao 14 Ds sei 59% aportrait (painting) if vad 144 726 ide Lxr52 digestion yao us ee yao 189 5 ns Ca C2Lz9 all through the night 4 - ns me BK reduction; curtailment ‘SEMI-PURE GROUPS ” In the following group of characters, the signal primitive is immediately ‘evident as the first member of the group. Be careful to note that earlier (Frames 444-445) this same signal primitive was itself part of another signal primitive with an entirely different reading. yy 2008 place of a star in the traditional 730 Ba LALBS Japanese zodiac zz ae 2010 wi | RM LAED —uake:shock Us ve 2012 732 tet (CALA pregnancy ihe vy 2011 733 SALA 3 strikes (in baseball) pes ve 2013 BA ow COLA lipsilabia & yar 353 2009 735 me «ots humiliation; disgrace gota) 1582 eae AF — chinning (exercises) a4 1583 aa aR TUBA sleep98 REMEMBERING THE KANHI IL Sale a4 1584 7g | Mi | OT spindle 5 ~? au (e299 mr 739 BE SOA airmail Be | v4 307 7p | RR SUED sewing; needtework a ass 359 741 em Bab mention (inthe press) # vm 388 q4q | REFS SWE — togrowjcultivate ay 1790 v3 | ae 9 thn fiber; textiles th | ¥ 22 1090 ma | WE REL (Gocial) welfare fil) 07 %» ras | BA AKL anes this 22 407 ag | SR EARS fallextent; at ‘SEME-PURE GROUPS 99 i 7 2192 193 ee th |* by uss 148 eee 5 mA inspector general iis ny 1875 749 He A529 captain (of a ship) Sit ny uss 750 op waAdA, yearbook; annual report ay 1454 q51 | BHTS SALI — twadwse Bh | ny sm 752 we BAS — observation me 864 753 CE *AL-£ 9 encouragement; stimulation 4k ay 570 754 met 5m A exchange of courtesies HE pe sy sv ten wad rights He CAMA, avatar100 REMEMBERING THE KAN3I IT ‘SEMI-PURE GROUPS: 101 aK : 216 ae 1583 756 ea ab unknown 165 ae wetA accumulation of good deeds - aa we 8 219 ast +e 1582 757 RK em 166 BCL eed results; showing ih i . 2023 {Bi +4 1544 758 182 AD» fascination; charm 761 29% public bonds tk 4 20 Fill vy 812 759 eb yah (Vounger) sister-in-law ne hols san 768 Be a 1m Ri ve sid 760 att moed fruit juice 169 ee e5nD heroic; sublime i 2 1123 a ve 813 76 | BR BEET section ead ay | PB RAND issotation; disruption cs a 32 un fl vA m 762 BF aL confectionery am | a HA anexception is 2 1124 we | aa to 1211 ae bLA naked body ze 163 v i am | BE EPH transit cerned copy ae FH 4% 1841 is be 1989 764 SE ab ICA responsibility 2B Uae hold oiling102, REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT ‘SEMI-PURE GROUPS 103 ae : is be 1210 oe =” 1417 BR — HOLD feud discord 7g, | BE RATA, smooth; fair (of face) The first character was not treated in Vol. I, but the exemplary compound given above is useful to know. When the phonetic be py 1418 group to which this character belongs appears again in Chapter 7 714 (Frames 1210ff) you will see how easy it is to learn, 733 | a bAD ES brute, physical strength WE yao 1209 = a5 | BA Lrob vietory a z.. 1504 784 Fim Bord stronghold (of conservatism) 7 ae 5s | r toss HF a 190s 6 | 949 idotzimage a5 | BR Om germination; sprout 3 ee 1956 AE a 1907 a7 | WR EI C9 encounter 736 | BR BOE sraceful Fy 79 1958 A oe 1906 - 5€5 one comer ae7 |B vet intrusion 1987 779 | B88 cb grumbling wn a a Bei 788 mA Iced admissior ibscription wi |e zy uw R » 86 ago | B® REAL Enperor's Garden ago | B® RED etn: make etre “ps & ay 120 mt 4 808 781 ar RAE complaint; grudging 790 [RRA —Lw< A \o commemorative celebrationREMEMBERING THE KANSI IT 580 oo a HAT stubborn; persistent ial 2 om 792 A CLA an individual fff # mms —t8 wo ‘one month This character is commonty abbreviated to a form resembling the katakana 7, asin Frame 547 which uses the same exem- 793 | play compound with the more usual writing Ah | 29 1963 a4 | Ol E9HE9 general plan; main points Sil 29 1962 795 RE CHT steel fil to 1964 796 | MORE «SDA strong: robust 2B * 2120 1573 797 Bt ROL service {& Seip 1874 qog | FH BRANES — annual salay SEMI-PURE GROUPS 105 PS me 1575 799 | Ord an iron bar ie ay 1871 a | eels general; average i ay 173 801 ae DS AlEAL ‘conveyance; transport & a“ 1s 302 |e AAEA disc; discus =e 50 1913 ~ | g03 a5 bob blanket = 2165 i914 WHIS L159 — toconsume; exhaust e 1915 Rate UCO to tail; follow HK # 1759 soo | FOL Mr. X; a certain person wk HY 2087 1760 807 | Bae ALES conspiracy; plot106 REMEMBERING THE KANIT IL og | hom mediation BE aA 1482 Re iataA, concept; general notion a4 1483 so | ae Ati indignation; resentment WE cy 1481 si [PER Beh ‘manufactured; ready-made Dk ae 134 812 aR TOA plateau ai yy 1a 813 BR WAatA —_ fountainhead; wellspring HL ay = gig [RBS LAA to enlist; volunteer for ag * 110 815 BR rR suspicion BE * ui Bi ae imitation; sham 816 ‘SEMF-PURE GROUPS 107 vee vad 1412 17 | REFS Fxr9e — tocongeat; coagulate Wi 2 4s ag | ** Bom blanket ‘iti > 623 sig | 26 Brom fear At * 1489 39 |*% BIRD hope w/a in | 4 =y 75 c| sat | RR RAHA along a railway tine ah = 4 gn | 0% 2AHA ead pipe HAY “ey 1874 g23 [MH ASTD R 7 1564 8 sa | RA BEA (married) lady 7 839 gos | eM BED support; maintenance108 [REMEMBERING THE KANHL IL Bh * aa gag [MH BRK rue regulation te He =4 1741 07 AMe English language Fe #4 ra mg | *M £2 tm: movie oe aD 1740 g29 [PR Se 5%9 center; central Jas 29 29 830 tha coK broad sense (ofa term) gh 29 m1 831 au coeK ik » sa |#* CIE F vay ss 833 me 261d — purity iif veo 82,1529 1540 ee ‘BR CEOS sven ‘SEMI-PURE Groups 109, ea 1879 936 | we ce loneliness; solitude 5M 2 = 837, aa AME cireular arc Mm ” = i the watermelon The use ofthe frst characteris an example of what Japanese calls °C, a character chosen to accompany a reading that does not strictly belong to it. Since the exemplary com 838 pound is a common word, it has been included here. A Ay 56 39 | ma AMA, sailor; member of the crew at # au 19 st 340 +e Be AWA aphoneme; vocal sound fA yy 666 sar [8 BALD ro wo ay 110 842 we AU £9 payment of a bill110 REMEMBERING THE KANIL IL SEMLPURE GRours m KE ay 1770 aE ae 1691 B43. wR DAICA, forgiveness; tolerance 852 ae OL IN¥ (personal) weakness; bad habit rT ra itt : 1s 844 HK CAR enormous 853 AR PO unavoidable 3 se ae ay 183 i a x3 845 Aw te CA large crowd 854 “HA Wb AA 100 millionyen Hb ay 1883 ‘te +? cord 846 Be Chile county assembly 855 ate BBC memory (of something) 7 aie A by 162 aE 4 08 say [BE ah apeir [su | a 29 694 363 | HE COR rebirth = ie aR aA 1391 2 #5 a | RA Bano — succession; order goa | BS © 9% —— coin solid money) (ii Sonan (Fe aA 1392 oo 3 | BS PED dispute; contention 6 BOOK post; mail = convenient : 865 foes Ad Fra ye isa 74 fF Lea descendants x aoe ihn oa fiendish; satanie ; 866 B15 BS 1 Joe be ss Ky ee Aor 875 aR bw 5tTA, — mainstay; “backbone” i ERED plucky mettle ; ea ey by 852 By y ita we | 2 (Awe —_—sagacious; wise 36g fate NK take off (eg, an airplane) = La ay 1374 grr PRR BAD ED tension: strain1s REMEMBERING THE KANII IT a + 554 320 sg | TE FBO unlucky ai a? 343 879 | BM = BORA crossexamination ft nD 1st ago | «OBA conclusion (ofan argument) ‘fl ne 153 gsi | HA HOR circumcision Li a? 1552 sg. | FH Am = aA Isst gg3 [WE ZA damage ate +A a ges | BE omages respect we oe aA 336 sss | BH = FHE2 police aoe 1987 ie Bron ‘wonder; astonishment 886, SEMEPURE Grours us Re |e a4 ns 7 romantic fellow; “man about assy | A thea fomay Me a4 1s ggg | RM CFM stro stewed tote gis we +4 116 gg9 [RE svak rubble; macadam HH ne 1469 390 MRSS BIEL seading aloud or in public RK 29 1470 go. | #e add vagrancy; wandering yao 6 1468 conscience Wak f* Yo 1996 a3 | 8 RADE —— sense of reserve B va 91 304 | im feb prisoner of war i 2 1992 ei Os skin116 REMEMBERING THE KANT! IT SEMEPURE GROUPS 417 Fe + 5 ” Al ay 583 ag | BH BD left and right; both sides gos | BB AMA source; cause ie * 952 WA ay 584 or | ME OS eaiead o06 | MB CAMA, mattimony i # 09 A ay 606 gog (HOB sluggishness oo7 [we Leba, expression of gratitude iD ii | # yy 1821 y on 399 RF — DADAMS ethics; moral philosophy BSE ne history sR 908 Co yy 1822 bd y 990 909 xe oo | =e cb the Olympic Games AGE RL ambassador ay 50 1820 y 693 oo. | 2% B52BA ofcourse oo [FX PAD government official ff: |* ay 103, a> ve 316 oo2 | *tE RICA responsiblity on | ae Les Le hostel; residence if 2 a i vs a 903 ee KALA Pregnancy 912 Rath Lote adoption or rejection # A * ry 1004 a ne 61 1839 904 [BH DADA fare (for transportation) 188 CAMB a shop 913 | Note how 2 signal primitives apply to the same kanji here.118 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL ‘SEMI-PURE GROUPS 119 Ee y 1828 as vy 75 ou | 24 Low full name 93 | #% LACS truth a % 1829 ie vy 30 ois | ame Lan paper money 924 | mute BALA, — tobepenitent 1S ay 1830 SH +Y 216 1g |e thd matrimony os [ME BADD quelling (ofa disturbance) Fe im He. iit us yao ri a 3% 1021 247 a7 % ows supplement he coes advertising 926 HE yao gi 918 em Cwesiss fire arms = " 2 aad ox | Be BALL cruel BE a 1347 yo 281 19 [AME REDD 2d President oop iw coe structure i | 8 >» 1830 1408 a i z9209 x m 920 traffic 929 et AM joint use 8 > i < hach m i ~ ms 921 625 stomach ache 930 | am Aw fence Hi ay lee ots 1 1K = io va : dance; (classical) dancing oa. FRR HOAX ‘huecvane120 REMEMBERING THE KANII II We conclude this chapter with three characters related by a common Primitive element but sharing Chinese pronunciations unevenly. am | * ye 482 on | ROL knowledge intelligence Uk yar 824 33 | BA LER emempogee ih yeyas 1334 we tLe organization; formation osa | MR LE tom Chapter 6 Readings from Everyday Words By the time you pick up this book, you will have already learned at least the rudiments of Japanese grammar and in the process have earned some of the most useful words of everyday spoken Japanese. ‘Taking advantage of this fact, as well as the fact that you already know ‘the meanings of all the characters treated here, you can enlarge your Knowledge of the on-yomi by seeing how those everyday words in fact look when set to kanji. ‘Take for example the Japanese word for “doctor,” which is V» L The two kanji with which it is written mean respectively “to doctor and “someone.” This allows us to add two new readings to those we al- ready know: 4 1694 935 em abr medical care a ve 1360 1256 936 ae vee echo. ‘The names of well known places can be used in much the same way, as in the following two frames: ce ne 1326 504 937 mat £54%¢ — thenortheast12 REMEMBERING THE KANIT II AK aay 1822 312 x e5%rd 938 HE Tokyo ‘We can also make use of well-known company names or other popular proper names. For example, what student of Japanese has not thumbed through the dictionaries of Japan's foremost Japanese-English lexicog- raphers, Kenkydsha? By learning what the name in fact means, you will have learned three more Chinese readings: WF ry ors 939 We (Ard < study; investigation Fe wee 1320 940 mR AED research tt ve 1092 941 ait tLe company Without making any particular effort to keep these various sorts of “everyday words” separate from one another, let us see how far they take us into the second half ofthis book. As before, readings and compounds that have appeared earlier will be drawn on as much as possible to lighten the burden, Occasionally, if only rarely, a common everyday word will lead us to a character that falls outside the compass of these pages. In such cases, it is enough to learn the on-yomi being practiced without stopping to learn a new kanji and its reading. For example, the word for “neat” or “pretty,” one of the first you learn in studying Japanese, is ® #1. It is made up of the character for “figured cloth” and that for “lovely.” Normally, the word is not written in characters at all, but since it is an easy way to learn the otherwise difficult reading ofthe latter kanji, restoring its original kanji ‘writing is helpful: READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 123 i va 2002 942 om an neat; clean; pretty In still other cases, both readings of a known compound will be new. In this case, we will combine both kanji into a single frame, ike this: ‘fl * 1950 1398 A ay 1939 1473 943 ‘fe cite rice; meal; dinner With that, we may carry on for another 218 frames. Incidentally, if you find that you do not know a particular word chosen for the exemplary compound, you might as well take the trouble to learn it. Afterall, the ‘words are common everyday words, w4 2007 1019 RATS BAT to guide; give information 7 964 36 Re 1082, 1139 781 aa va oneself vy 595 ib BALA peace of mind ae 535 ¥ 1503 344 thd telephonemt AIRS TRAE READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 1s & SI Zz 1909 th % 1287, 1004 515 pe De Bg 959 1180 oi tab 3 ous BORE Tey telephone number 956 Be amap ffs er 1974 Bi ee 1079 582 gug | ROB AERA super of || SK RRS housing development ay 2035 859° a a 1780 50 Be KAM manmade BK vim Es 176 s 950 ose | BFR HTS sway metro K al (3),2034,2162 98 Bq r as | HE ESAS aemane female se va = es) a eee zmA tbray $a ay ins 559 ae a0 1608 1235 aH fie | SABES a Ms, Ly 952 study a wD 324 te : RR lat university a ae 02 ae a, by 1133 953. | #8 = SALES lunch (caralong, pienic-style) x ae ott 7% 961 KER FEW y 9 4 all right; okay + +1509 1596 SR EOD baseball As an exception, we include 3 kanji in the next frame, all of them no doubt very familiar to you already ve 286 955 eH TAL — (electric) train ae aA 1622 ut [FE ao 581 ie ay 969 951 962 | MBA BA ¢ UA aforeignerae Rae C TTT READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WoRDS 127 # ys um + 257 as o Ht y 265 Ww é 93 | D259 cooking: food om | t* eras 16 4 a 945 36 + + @ 40 whe ey 440 241 I ae 1811 goa | ARE Lata nature om | FA BARA — ¥IL000 = — AF 966 1 oS 4 2 1567 ei VbICo one ~ 965 opecday J BHA WSAALA 1000, #8 a 67 a Sh ay ee ge 4 ™ = 7 1614 , ee i ole together ae EATS sank 974 U ¢ 4 BA LBD pea ik os 1088 967 os | RR DEED voyages trip re a * a 161 og | +A Los duly bie ay g sf KR DEOE — pestay eee 970 2 976 The third kanji in the compound takes a kun-yomi. A al 962 951 gop | PA BP DICA opeopte Es wee as 3 2 729 #L : Iu Pn we 2 om | *% £99160 mitt (cow's) ee % 1436 159 0 Jui Li 9:00 Sh RY 1250 1449 oe an tgASte dwarfed and potted plant128, REMEMBERING THE KANHI IT READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 29 Ik ea 2109 130 af 2 1504 1497 979 AME PALO UF Wednesday HL oe 1827 ogg | MAA Ab English-Japanese dictionary a 2 19s =a $88 AMA BC EOU Thursday z ay 187 ay 263 ; > ae 989 Be AEA complete % F 1827 1379 oH ee ce anierioon #B ' 1074, 1368 1846 ; o90 | B29 Kyoto ve 704, 1281 1555, & oat 211s 1400 Soa DY 20 1507 a 5 th all one’ 982 A a webs with all one’s might 991 a8 AIRS telegraph JE e F- 14: G yy # z i og3 | «= BEEF emergency; extraordinary gon | RAE Ineieaieand vel e mia 2032 269 as 2 3 SMH BALE priday " 984 RF PAL the kanji 993 i wy 768 aU oe 200 ogs | BE HERA Me Puli aD = ra Te Crd A joke my 21 38 ax (Cita caren Pad 1336 954 va 1127 - . os i 95 | CedLt address og7_ | +mtR EL50 Saturday130 REMEMBERING THE KANHI IL READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 131 oe 2017 ie ay @ ae White hy ‘main entrance; front porch 1005 BER LIAL bigce ya 1335 266 HA ay 14, 1345,2163 1105 997 | #A Le tA husband 1006 | Bit Les fee; freedom Bh e 192 904 oS yao 104s 1226 hte OO secret 1007 | iH Leo ES judo = é £ ecu ~» 999 | BH ODED necestity; need ca 1136 jog | BrnA —_ lastyear Hh ay 1928 Bf - 1000 | ** ATA: simple; uncomplicated Ru 74 7100, this 1009 | LécsiA newspaper By re 9 5 — . a vad 439 1oor | BWA, stairway ie oo So Ch. store: she -™ = qo10 | we Lr 9CA store: shop 7 bs Be tor | 8% ELA sett contience BE a4 2001 Re It Bees o AK e 1887 1011 BEAK eiag¢ — Keid University 1003 | RAR = OCOR — ainplane — BY ay 290 Sih * 956.1287 515 to | i CER ‘morning tos | 8% BLA earthquake132 REMEMBERING THE KANT IT READINGS FROM EVERYDAY Worps 133 ay Fe ay 37 1300 479 hy 7 557 1050 bch 1735 101s | 2% FAS sightseeing a visit HR RAC music JE wy 19 220, om 1669 io | 8 mete vicinity HRER 5 2 expressway; superhighway ae ay 1483 784 29 197 1800 tos | 2l DAA public park tor | BB 6 92D airport ay 1612 3B vo 754 sie || Hm RA ‘NeSoikl soos | B® 825 L2 eamrcom 2 Pp we ay 1550 5 =4 1034 a + 543 252 Be xa? 2208 1792 tory | RR ROSA coffee shop 1025 | BR AGE ED “Open tortusnes” a , = ; i ay 2099 1587 te 29 use 38) yao 1534 318 Be 7 1510 1658 tog | 48 CAL OD thisweek 1027 | eR OU (house-}cleaning jg r 4682111 1194 5 ver 147 toi9 | *# tHE this time 1028 | #* LelLA photograph m1 , Wy yao aan Ms ron aed 146 to20 | 2 == dE ED factory to29 | S48 9LD express (train) 2 J cy 22 1008 247 et we? 1349 to | BH FE 6 advertisement BR BBTV ED salary 1030134 REMEMBERING THE KANHT IL [READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 135 i Hy: wat 1304 458 & cae 2045 1472 en Bich every day at as Be Ge ae See Lr eo dining room; refectory 1040 4 2 fae 1587 m he Cae can H a 1206 10a | ** Lr oité meal ticket at 1884 Re Bwha next year a 4 825 1042 | SH Babe Holy Writ; the Bible #4 1438 879 1034 | Lot invitation Wife a nn 589 1043 BRI NDS refrigerator as 2 105 thn ai vee : re vy 1328 1343 1035 | SFR LL primary school a es at as 1oag | HR RAL OD practice JU aq 323 1036 | 8% Lr dit business iil ay n bai 3 wD +318 1801 yy a AR SALES wild; unruly; rebellious 8 ue: 1904,2204 u37 1045 hi A 7 1037 mn Loear question iy 4 1517 we Mi thes wallet rad aA 88 ao 1046 103g | BAT problem re 4 1548 1602 ae a9 1450 549 7 = uz 1197 1037 | me ened the West; Occident et Lr9B — soysauce 1039 | The fst kant in the compound is not general-use.REMEMBERING THE KANHL IL Ps ee 1997 toag | 8 FECES — theater te e ¥ 14112153 17 1049 | ae ako sugar Be “4 381 1050 | and the government ¥ ~ : Py wy 1616 1051 WAR FARA — aspecialist ey 1804 a 637 1052 | ®F #AL® athlete aoe 1352 me Fe 169 1053 | 8A LOCA, end of the line; terminal i ay ae be tos4 | Bt #Ob2 ite 6 t 878 toss | Me aoe student * us 1938 Be #ARE — lections READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 137 wy 1919 Bo EATS war “ey 1392 499 qosg | 8 2 explanation ¥ 354 toso | RH LBA extexam e ae 1269 1654 1060 | BM LAHAAA, the “Bullet Train” & vy 7 us Hye et 331 1061 | He Lon failure iR a2 1072 Rw KER alot =e 393 Ben RACT OO birthday 1063 | Note the phonetic change in the second kaj ef 74 58 1 1064 | T# tient __ politeness; courtesy tog he 1440 246 1065 | ** ECD special138 REMEMBERING THE KANII TL READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 139 ay 2m12 9 if » 90,1074 1846 wh SHB eases a a9 1985,2078 253 ae 2t5 conditions; “things” ae 1523 303 ith DRED cxercacs gots GA ai tos | #* Wate — ageisha 2 1362 2? wars 1668 AB 27 1399 HOR LER promise 107 | *# roms ‘Western clothes a +? 1073 ce ¥ 2033 95 1069 | IR fA? ¢ translation 1077 | #F EOL acap ax 3 a a4 1088, 1264 744 aS x? 1736 Jie, 72 1071 524 iy eae 1066 1070 | @& zinbd typhoon 1078 | 388 Soaa¢ cbemy Jil x 1070 524 4 ad 957 382 ton | #8 BS Japanese bath 1079 | #88 BEA Japanese quilt or mattress 7] iN = a i 7 B 1845 1072 | RE ES 2F — stationmaster 1os0 | 2% 2 tA all everything ae 960 107 oA x 45 14st a5) yogi | Sti #25 headache 1073 | *# AA very much; awfully; awful ay z 945,1139, 1246 781 Ka ings fairly; considerably 1082mo REMEMBERING THE KANII IT READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS re th Ze 964 Hit bea 2092 1826 4083 | *th RUED Great Buddha (statue) 1091 =f «zo ‘two (volumes of...) tk a4 2103 987 ‘fill ae 986: toga | *# RA generally; on the whole too. | le AH — (city of Sendai aN 784 1219 DX a4 2016 512 1085 oldie full; one cupful 3093. | t= Cw ICA Ls Lyearsold = oe Q 3 a+ m4 1518 os ij « Pe ee 14s 1170 soa | RF TARY genius 1086 7 3 strokes (asin a kanji) In the exemplary compounds given in the next two frames, note how The next 5 frames present the characters used for some of the more pronunciation of the first sjlable of the second kant is changed from common “counters” for which Japanese is notorious. TA to'7 4 because of the clumsiness of having two “a” sounds back toback. H DA 232 586 i087 nome ‘one time TA 401 a 109s | THES HWS pitiade; pathetic a BA 1070, 1264 m4 1088 BAK — 3 (vehicles) ee H4 737 KK ; 1096 | THO AbeH ate = 332 Aes ctw 2 (sheets of & ar? 1354 294 = BETA Bet a guest ‘ir ay nm 1682 ws 1090 | ar COA 5 (houses) it oP 1802 1098 | iBl% AED troublesome2 REMEMBERING THE KAN I] READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 143 x ue) Pz 1267 6 re aA 20 105 7 1274 1099 | sian OL, the Meiji Bra (1866-1912) ae th arandfather He * uy * 1 1100 | 8% (59 City of) Nikko; sunlight ae te grandmother ie a4 1302 461 rer 15 1119 qi0o1 | thts RAV E 9 (northern Japanese island) ate LAL ® — aShinto shrine ra} py 1749 e 43,1457 548 102 | 48 RibA Taiwan RA uA a beauty; beautiful woman a ey ae a Oe = 1103 | samt RAGS — lead pencil m2 | cu ¢49 “Thanks for the troubl H yar S67 = x + = 1104 BH ® £5 x ¢ cooperation 1113 EF BIL prince we 1833,2205 348, Be wy 1263 808 Zn ae tos | ** &< RA areader ie 1954 1550 x m4 | Be SA — “Too bad!”; “What a pity!” . 860 1725 sd iE #9 1850,2134,2241 751 - se 516 186 1106 | Xe BAIS grammar ms | #* at absence (from home or post) as o 2203 1156 a #4 HI6 1239 AB me aire 1116 Baws Nol144 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS us ae ‘ He ay 1972 Te Kr? 1531 1117 cK TA “Leg your pardon!” 1126 | =ow * 7 “Lam very sorry for you!” i ey 120 CA * wa m i BA sitting in Zen meditation 1127 | 8 BES sidewalk Observe thatthe fist character isa variant of the general-use S 1118 | character HE. Itis used sypically for Zen. TE Fay 1331 267 3 & 112g | BETS Seo tobecareful; watch out a9 | e% ton “Do have a look!” A - = ¥ 53 Ky v* o we 7% 2016 in9 | 8M ects aim; goal 1129 | * 9%9 broadcasting ar ¥ aS a 1624 314 it. ay 1452 viah os 1958 1753 na} ae SAaLA, hot springs; spa 10 | Re ola scenery Ft ” 1179 af 4 38 1m Re pa < science pt 2 : se che is aia | ae we Japanese checkers aw * 324 1775 Ab, , 1 na ables 7 4123 | eat bp unreasonable; too difficult deal oh nice fais aiee EL ; aR 3 < id + 2 1506 1593 re furniture a ie 1133. | RARER Vig 5 weather forecast a ou wa Fe aa . BE BASEL 2 9 Ministry of Education 15 usa | weer CAKES — anelectric light146 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS: 147 {tt v2 1492 968 oF = 1143 | #4e vulgarism; slang Bt OFA Et modern times; the present gt , a 7 2 an a ee 14a | RE | RL (samurai) warrior Fr 1635 963 — HR = BATA propaganda ih] 1086 1170 1ias | HH a movie; film i x woe : x ae . 1705 1051 ae ey 1251 1137 | eaete FIRE trading company ag | #A BIA anold person ik ae ma co we 1275 1653 113g | 2H BEC ‘the fanny tay | to wiattA, seashore ep ae, w il yao 4y ae 945, 1082, 1246 781 m 1168 4 aA tj one’s parents: 1139. | EAmH CEL, sein, Seee, 14g | HR brdLA Pi ae F a9 ze 7A 360 382 Be 19 ie et 1193 1149 | fae WATS health; physical condition 1149 | #52 LTR reserved seat Kk ms a a 9 120 < a9 A 42 159 Bo ee see na | ** BrOWC education 1150 | *® Rinks — thesun # ; ‘wa HE a 2230 1581 ~ bein a br 1142 | RFS eA — tolookat (honorific) ust | #88 boi aeeseloesREMEMBERING THE KANILIL 1158, ‘We conclude this chapter with the few characters in Vol. I which were learned directly with their Sino-Japanese readings because there was no good English equivalent. All you need to do is see how they work in ‘compounds. READINGS FROM EVERYDAY WORDS 1 7 # “ ar R oe - so | 2m BeL ‘calling eard aK Az p uso | ®/ Le Ce the shakuhachi tute he 1441 1440 1153 | 2 bob bean curd; tofu B , is 1160 | 2 Lop Tri fe ra 1416 11sq.| @& BOA Danger! Je TK 1 1161 —m wbba the slightest jot iy y i ny 63 % Attys “Bottoms up!” 1155 am + vy om 10 1156 | +* Le ofZA, 10 (long, straight objects) # ey 251 782 z Ko 1215 1157 RZ UAIES poor; destitute 7s vay 276 1682 Be a 1304 vibe Br 9WA hospitalChapter 7 Mixed Groups After the relaxing detour into everyday words, we must return to the work that remains with signal primitives. From here on, the work will be more complicated than it was in Chapters 2 and 5 because of the in- creasing number of exceptions. In spite of that, I am sure you will find that it does provide considerable help with what would otherwise be a hodgepodge of disconnected readings. ‘What classifies a group as “mixed” is that it is composed of at least 4 kanji sharing a common signal primitive which assigns the same reading to at least 2 members of the group, and yet which do not belong to the “pure” or “semi-pure” groups. The definition will get clearer as we go along. The chapter divides mixed groups into three sub-groupings of as- ending difficulty. We begin with the easiest: groups of kanji in which a signal primitive has 2 readings that apply to 2 or more Kanji each. At times, you will notice, a character will be assigned both readings. ‘A. Mixed Groups of 2 Readings Only i ne 180 1162 | 8 ESC simultaneous 9 7 ~ 1163 | #8 BED — bronze Ale wy 182 ne | RH E5 fee trunk of the body MIXED GROUPS ~ A ist itd tae 181 1165 | HH = E9-SD insight Yo 44 1166 fa wees canteen; water flask Ai nd aot 1167 | #ah £56 ‘tung oil; (Chinese) wood oil I6 ~ 7 1168 | ®® E99 sian: symptom oe Foy 1284 169 | eset 2° springboard jumping board rc one « ri | BBR BED EA: challenge wb zoe - 1171 KH % r 5'F5 outlook; prospects i s me f EDTA n Hh: Sh de en ees n-earth; Shang ve hy 283 173 | ## OED desertion; escape152 REMEMBERING THE KANII II ‘The remaining frames of Section A are not as confusing as they look, if you take the time to study them. The two readings of the signal primi- tive overlap in some kanji and not in others. Some of the readi s YOU have learned already (refer to the cross-reference number in italics) but they are all repeated here for the sake of completeness. Mrxep GROUPS ~ A 153 i E HOLD 485 Be edad 361 wee Lies death oe) success 1igg | CH bd w — thedead 174 | Beth Lx 942 achieving “Buddhahood” w@ Hy eD 489 "a ets eae Her a2 BIRD hope Hi EAM initprme; fl splendor tgs | RAED onpeterished desire 175 | mk = ALE 5 flourishing Bio * 396 “ft “8 1is4 | 84 FED aA dr end-oftheyear party 1176 | BR BDAY oyalty te xy 618 a ae 3 uss | # RIES per ven es 177 | &8 Crd %\> inside the castle walls ‘ ig = 1373 q . . HH) Aveny 167 10s 1136 | HAH DHS — broadcasting networ f= LATIo judgment = tig | BA RHA, tial hearing a = 486 ngy | BB (89K blindness te =e woos 5 4tA- company; companion , ee (A459 (musical) accompaniment iB yy wa 1igg | 0H LEED inteligentia ay 166 202 1180 Sara AKA half154 REMEMBERING THE KANIT IT MIXED GRours~ A 155 a 29 982 HE 2 102s 1800 tigo | # EAD aZenpriest us | 2 coed airport @ ? 8 501 ie ad 1799 1199 [PRR BH TH (surname) agg | #* cote aflood it x9 502 tio | sa0 #5» ‘augmentation; increase se add YE ANCA, double post or appointment Pe cid xo 626 = 1192 | #2 #dLA hatred; spite aK ry ent 1200 | BRR FA 5D modesty se POT 503 emse 8t9 to donate iit DLO? 1598 1193 | BOT offering; present ee | OAR suspicion ‘ah 21TA mood; disposition 1201 dk ee 1795 Be vy 1601 = roe P seem FE 2S Communism 1292 | HE RAE bargain; sale ‘As with many other signal primitives we have met, this one ear- ries a reading onty when it occupies a prominent place (above : y 1194 | orto the right) in the character. aH ‘eg i saith RAS Kamakura bake Ee - ax aay 1803 1203 | A rare reading, mostly of historical importance. sigs | 1 91TM deference; respect fie IE Yager a9 se wa? 1796 rt unisstoues enmisiWe E £52 January; New Year's BETS £298 0D tosupply vos] Ee eae justice 196 | se eae a Buddhist “mass”Mrxep GRours ~B 157 156 REMEMBERING THE KANT Be B49 9 059 381 Bu ted a government 1205 | ek tole 5 regency; aregent aK +4 M77 1670 1296 | BETS SHE to adjust regulate “4 ssi ERSS EvUTD to subjugate vee a RE Lr 5 guarantee vad 1685 109 | WE DL ad natureofadisene B. Mixed Groups with 2 Exceptions Only Unlike the mixed groups in Section A, those that follow share two A 2] ay a ny | ®* potie — dearth of water; drought ay 2? 452 13 | ROA interview; audience 48 a4 a 1214 | BRR «=F EIA notice board It may have crossed your mind to ask why we should bother to classify these characters into groups at all—or it certainly will by the time the groups get smaller and smaller. ‘The answer is twofold. On the one hand, if we did not, you would find yourself adrift in a massive sea of disconnected readings far earlier than you need to be. On the other, since we have learned more than 800 characters up to this point by means of the signal primitives, toi nore them in cases where there are exceptions would be to cut short our understanding of how these signal primitives work in the Japanese writing system. Without some experience in the mixed groups treated in these chapters, you will not appreciate the complex blend of con- sistency and inconsistency that characterize the on-yomt characteristics: (1) they contains at least 3 kanji with a common reading; and (2) only 2 members of the group have readings different = % from the others. Let us begin with an example: ce archaic word; old adage We; ny eS 2 148 1210 “BFS Yoho ‘to cry in a thundering voice eee cia lake side; along a lake 6 ae is o 23 pun} ®& #oLs¢ brown qq] Bae se eii REMEMBERING THE KAN TL MixeD GRours~ B 159 a ra i 2 206 = ee 4 525 121g | tka elegance; simplicity ae be an acquaintance 7 ae ve the self “ie Ta x ~ 225 ite 121g | *# (05 distress; suffering * 06 ing | ROA source Ie a 1063 4a 1220 | te Br lwo residence mu * aac 1220) (a century ar He : 4 an & * 599 wa | *& 29% difference 1230 | BF 2509 — mourning ri Aa 4 168 ae c = 1222 | #* ia majestic; magnificent 1231 | =® B90: queen ‘ae q yt me 4 1645 Aid a4 1436 ios | = or longitude and latitude 1032 | BETS LAO worry; concern i = vase R - a Ds 1204 | WR DAM defense tsa | @% BE DA steep Rt 1647 Ke . ins | #08 PATK a ee eae ™m Bm LAA animosity, antipathy BR DIA a war of usurpation Ri = ABO — cloths textile * 529) The second reading is rare. The compound in the final reading ee tLe journalist; reporter 1234 | combines an on-yomi and a kun-yomi.160 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL MixeD GRours~B 161 A ay eny 724 B a 1227 Coté, griddle; grill eB Oe offce-work we GUHA notice board As) _ HR nee oe 95 ai 1228 oe wb neh to dissipate; be dispelled as | EBA sting 1244 issipate; be dspele Hy ay as ES dad = % 1007 1226 * 2 RB Lee judo 1237 HN: Lb C =a aA 1245 eA icw db gentleness; mildness Be ay 1294 _ HALA Ciskasna Kobe a 7% F A5,1082,1139 781 The Japanese commonly take one character from the name of at CA five minutes two places or organizations and then turn the result into an on- aa eeaid pont yomi compound which then represents the two original words. In 1246 Ke Rae ‘greatly: considerably this case, the result is the name ofa large corporation that runs 1238 | _arailway, adeparimentstore chain, anda baseball eam. - = s ne 943 73 BREWED powder w9 | cw fteA rice: meal; dinner - ay 920 3K ay ms @R AN —_—_ dissension; controversy 1249 |B AKL reply; answer ay 2028, AR % 2160 966 BOR AW * atmosphere; ambience va | & DOA, herih RY 978 1499 Bi «RAS —_Awarfed “bonsai” plants a a 1225 4 = UL’A contradiction 1242162 REMEMBERING THE KANT IT MIXED Groups ~ B 163 a a 7a o = fa ee Pen @% —-ALA-ATC shallow or superficial learning 1251 a B ai 368 B ay a 8 @ie = BATA cash money 1252 | wi A distribution ey 1286 BE | * 1164 KB UovA praxis; practical 3 | BHR tk national fag vy ‘367 BE * 1763 ts SAL a pier; landing wharf is Hat Lz 5 & Japanese chess 1262 | The exemplary compound uses a kun-yomi. i 5 E BR ve ia 808 ab - icoy 1263 | B& SABA “What a pity!” toss | 8 BARA fundamental a 1) ia 2158 1765 a 24+ FA 1070,1088 748 Ps iS eB kMbA ‘Te 1256 | a8 tok academic term 2 eee on 1264 wh + 1762 a as7 | KOE fraud TR aA 145 ris | 8 —- WN 2D sloth: indotence cg 2 131 1166 7" 1258 | wa we Japanese checkers in af 748 1266 fi fee ‘matrixMIXED Groups - B 165 5 TAre ay 103 Some aD father and elder brother(s) BR & £5 7€\ brothers (and sisters) Note that the primitive element 5. does not figure as a member 1276 | ofthis group, nor is i used as a signal primitive, rs BE rhe ad a4 BE Wek _—_ horse racing v7 | BR = x 9F9 competition vi eee us 1a7g.| #8 £5 general conditions 164 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL ia oad 746 HBL BoeCED 1267 | B® SBA if ¥ 747 1268 | Ret = ALR primitive a ay 1060 1654 LADA the “Bullet Train” (Japan's 1269 | er eh super-express train) ay 1648 70 | Fe A £5 low tides ebb tide Tl ay 1650 wn | 38 Lo 5A, aweekly (magazine) ay 1651 172 | FB AAA, perspiration uv ay 1649 wp) RR BALD essential af oe 1090 1652 1274 | HAF CoA 5 (houses, buildings) He ay 7 1653 qos | ## paste seashore ti Yadryed 1089 Rie Lead blessing 1279 | *M Look celebration be, 27 10s ee co8 self-der 1280 ‘The final six frames of Section B merit careful study. Some of the read- ings were learned earlier. A few of them will be met with only rarely. In any event, here we present the complete list. ¥4 + 439 794,982 1555 Sete tht walt Kane with all one’s effort 1281 HERG Kew166 REMEMBERING THE KANG IL BA Ya a7 = aa EY one’s full name 1s2 | we O-© ¢ Lx 9 farmer; peasant te a4 ya 9705 1558 see Lrth woman 13 | * LE 93A. nature; disposition # eh 79 906 1556 Si Bog sign of the zodiac 1284 | Sal A 9 UD Venus; morning star DE vy 709 1360 1285 | FH BESSA real estate HE “4 708 1559 1086 | Bt Few sacrifice .. Remaining Mixed Groups AS indicated earlier, this final class of mixed groups is by far the most difficult and—unfortunately—the most numerous. Despite the many exceptions, it pays to learn these characters in their respective groups. Fortunately, a good umber of the characters included for the sake of completeness have already been learned under another rubric. As before, characters that have more than one standard reading will be treated in full here with exemplary compounds provided for each of their readings. MIXED GRours~C ie sie °F 956,104 sis saa rd ea 1287 jae BLA earthquake it r 16 ogg | BHR TAS tattery ii) - WETS LOS to enforce; carry out 1299 | #0 HH alms; offering (toa priest) th x 3B 299 | we PTL (man’s name) fit , ns 9d qo91 | 8A ICA outsider; stranger Bh e 998 904 1292 | # OAD secret w cee ~ wR ole r 9 urination; urinary q93 |B BALD secretion ih ey 999 63s BR gor necessary; need168 REMEMBERING THE KAN IL MixeD Grours ~C 16 ae bee+ aie 1303 | ®t Ea remorse 1295 | This characteris normally read 2 (:. r 7 . UL yar a 4B: 4 1031 458 48 vd every day 1296 | RCL < chastity; womanly virtue 1304 E i tif “4 “ hae alum blossoms 1297 | 4 BLES coach; director 1305 | 78 a Bl Padre ff 7 99 ey wep 720 ae | WH ELK setreat ito silence ve | RE UES Hramlistion; las 1298 | HH HEA retreat into silence ; BL ey 49 HH he UAT brisk; prompt iil ay 840 481 BY 1299 7a HAA phoneme 9K ay eit aie 10g | *#H AA prosperity =i wYs4Y 1022 a BR AMC music 1300 ae mCMA the Gospel Pay special attention to the following group of 14 kanji, made up of two readings and 2 exceptions. Ths is a unique group whose mastery tr now will save you much confusion later. Be careful not to include Ay Ty 480 ‘Frames 508-509, where the present signal primitive figured as part of a 1301 | see bA® memorization larger signal primitive. Tite j f 1302 ite Bee z wi we Bie 5% 5 lefense 1302 tere DAA seashore 1309 | Sim OAMREMEMBERING THE KANIT IT a) 1357 | ote spinning (cloth) 492 he a Buddhist priest; bonze BL | Bed (Robe A, Youngmaster; (another's) son Wi xo 491 1312 | #% —FED-A interference; obstruction i Eza 494 1313 eR Ligs fat = 1% *» ots underlining (in vertical writing, 5 FED EA this becomes a sideline”) *D 1078 HBR HAE secretary general B29 ao 490 Fit FED DA direction no 193 He ROL your kind offer * 495 UMTS OLA to visit (formal) MrxED Groups ~C m ik ye 497 wig | BARS — BANE tobe deeply moved bse 7 1883 1320 et PES laying out (eg., rails) {ie F 978 bu | ae ad value; worth ia + 832 q322 | BSS it9d to leave alone; let be iki vad sit Ba | 2% #L 2 procreation Ait, yas 20s 1324 | Mil = Lr ¢ 4 A, botanical garden a rar oe 2 ai 52 ibA confrontation 1325 | Et LES E® honest; frank He ry 937 504 1326 | HOR £9819 Tokyo we he 506 1307 | £902 freezing12 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IT. ‘MIXED GROUES—C zs Sate ~| ph ve i044 1343 1328 | MH RAL OS practice 1337 (#8 BORE round trip 4k ve = = 1329 | R&A RA BAL alchemy a |* a 800 L rag | KE LED ares costume frre) BE aia 1301 rar 1330 | BEAL A> splay exhibit A yoo 796 1339 | BR PALE 9 arewardor prize = i rae tae 1128 267 {8 yar 985 1331 Hay 509 L* injection 134g | (£44 Lt D indemnity; compensation = Fad e Ge the * Bs on . 1332 telephone pole pa | Le L29 conductor (on a bus or train) Fad ples ae 1982 fe yay 983 799 memos BOL parking ot 134g | OED extraordinary; emergency te ae tase eat “ ” ae ™ Es : to take notes; write down 1343 | Re Lees dining hall aE yarn 7 26 36 be 191 A Leta ‘one’s husband as ras | HE OF a odds priest wag [PR FEF peubssleny (aeeee) : jad fe en é ; L 995 954 A aay — 14,10062163 1105 1336 eobr address Hk Bon reason; origin ‘a5 ae Ceo freedom; free174 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT cri] 1107 was} BM EER ot i aa 1109 4347 | #88 Dbed universe; space Fao 1106 134g | BH ODL ED abstraction ve m2 1349 |e Lek axle;wheet #1 veo 1108 Le hands‘in-one's-pockets 1350 | Le ° & ae 21 ias1 | #8 E——_eachone;each person #E ao 2159 292 1352 | HR BO characters nature Fal ae 1624 ws3 | flat ¢ (Government) cabinet we BaD 97 1097 204 BESA Bet guest agsq | Deak passenger; tourist MIXED GROUPS ~ C 8 4 3 ts ae 1350 1355 | BRA Ae eS < —— Clopical) coherence % oF 299 1356 | #it ake comic storytelling ra yi a 1357 | 5 fac Bm I cotber tory me % me oe = hott together , 0 ; 1367 | CxS x heartstrings; emotionalism 275) | ee ca ‘wonads jafy #ih cr 1846 ae sy oe fe RB Broek syoto js mee ees La 1376 | FR HCO subway tain Ii : ia 1 re wr P| eee aie 1377 | Re OCD changes shakeup K yy 1061 sas B& \* a9 1150 1300 SAL Lonw discourtesy 1378 po | #8 REED thesin a RK + 03 B at 664 1379 | BF las order; discipline 1371 | 888 ED hoisting; rising fh | # Fp eRe 47 it EK KODA museum 1380 Bae ea gambling178 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IL i ae 27 1381 | 4 kom peppermint = @ ao 1376 yoga | EE EMEC restraint; restriction 7 949 1383 | ie bookkeeping ft WADA 890 WIS = Lr 9 TA, shopping street 1384 | give 2k, Moroushlae isha JE a 157 1395 | “ae Liz 5 dita lifetime; one’s life #E aA 198 1386 | tse ono cinnamon EE aA 155 1387 | 2 gue (woman's name) 2 970 1388 | tf pad ‘excellent piece of work MIXED Grours - C 179 if Powe 156 a OED envelope 1389 | 2 5A feudalism Ba | * ae 1618 1390 | WKH ADSAL2O areading room ‘Bi =? as wor | #e EAA — delighted; satisfied ay 1058 499 1302 | 3! 22% explanation Bi aA a7 895 1393 | #& Eves — taxes HE =4 500 1394 | i ROA, acute; sharp-witted BE ey 98 1395 | Ba 7ED%a——_ tawevasion HR |* a ot KE HWweA, __latge garden radish a” 1460 ‘ie DUTA 1397 regret; remorse180 REMEMBERING THE KANI IL BRR MIXED Grours~ C 181 yy 1466 1398 | HR BHA infinity HR weeey 467 HA ALO D — eyeball la gvsep4, Buddhist ceremony for 1309 consecrating a new image 4 4 xy 94 1459 soo | 84 BATS — bank 38 a4 1465 gor | CO withdrawal; retreat x y m1 1402 XI LCA, branch office or store He y 73 on He LED branch and leaf; nonessential x y na 1404 Wet Leta the limbs; members Fx * m2 wie «FO technical skill * 72 1406 | aS forked road yor | oF LE 9A children; juvenile eB yay a aos | 2% cD Lr9 negotiations iy yao oar 1409 | 28 Lx 9S selection; excerpt a arma issidl 7375) 124 CH BASEL 2 9 Ministry of Education wo | £4 iA reflection; consideration iy + 1049,2153 17 wu | wat eo sugar cod eee ey 9 un| = EU15 — Sseconds Wy fav 123 wp | #2 BALD queer; curious182. 183 REMEMBERING THE KANIL IL Moen Grours~C Wie e 1688 7 27 am We ie oF o> fatigue io Bed stroll 1421 of aon rate of commission wu} * + a pawn (in Japanese chess) ile . a VSIA wedding reception ae vy 6 142, | BER 0% a 2 E> inferiority complex 5 1415 as bh ycomple WE ~ 806 143 | HE wah bankruptey Although the readings in the following group will both be familiar, it is helpful to see them together. we a 8 803 re tht radio waves; ar waves a |# FA 1116 1239 y é 4 #- Reb Nol Be x C ALG 1s | 28 Bow ‘an old woman As FHA sug 1240 BF cL. disciple iE - eo aay |B E157 brothers (and sisters) | 1426 | thu< haiku poem R e 02 aE aA 167 vig | 2&8 OK’ sarcasm un| * EAM one's senior ca e 807 HE Ae 1634 wig | #* oe damage; harm; injury 14g | BRB UPA, awaterpipes conduit K e 83 JE e 1632 1429 | ** ORK equinox yang | BEr9 ‘emergency; extraordinary184 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT MIxED Groups ~ C 45 a e 1635 “e be 94s 1430 | #th OA pessimism ugg | 2% RED interor 7 = co 1638 ae be 1065 246 1431 | SH 8G the doors (ofa gate) aap | BH EKO cil * “ “6 = ag byek 1432 | BOK pally a 1s3 1440 £oe bean curd tof # 14d Rot soy beans < 2 158 1433, | 88 E®% within the temple precincts Fi be 1684 1442 RR TERR ‘smallpox, 660 waa | 8 OLE backup; support i an 1629 th 7 1443 cf) battle 2 716 a _ Mme . iis | FE chamberlain & baetk 1703 ad E5aS registration He ’ 770 i 144g | BL EEA ‘mountain climbing ae CRA ti = 1436 ime vA hoe he 1081 144i # FB BAKED the forefront; van ce ¥ 346 EH RAE lead singer 1437 | BA LEA poet was | BH FO? headache 1 a4 1034 879 a RY 1443 143g | 2 L597 invitation tag | RDA, bumper year186 REMEMBERING THE KANUI IT Hs cio Fay 1704 q4a7 | WER = GED bimpid; clear = Fy ay 1442 144g | 8% RAE short temper = ae S47 1449 | ¥€ E989 wool ee ao 1047 549, aso | = AED the West; Occident HE ad 933 vsi | *# TOES) aspect prise ae ay 1479 1452 | *# 515 restand recuperation cid ay 1325 1453 | 3% E9¥ 29 coramics manufacturing yay 1088 Bet Hho L © 5b cradle; birthplace vad 550 HM Lx dS details; particulars MIXED GROUPS ~ C 187 fee ey 51 ase | att LévitA fresh 3 gee 45,1111 548 me [ene (eurname) uas7 | BA ELA beautiful woman T FA+Fay 1066 oO TH chine evil; courtesy yasg | =T8 W296 city block No. 2 HN) Fay 2 14sg | 7A Se DIA — merchant re go? . rasp | BH BESTA apex summit ry ary 591 1461 | RF FAB Ed prefectural office ay Fa 194 Me bxBw (bank) savings ho 14 165 ET AED electric light $A 339 464 | HE Tete correction; revision188 REMEMBERING THE Kanut IT MIXED GROUPS ~¢ 199) #7 7 a HK ae 1607 1465 | TASS HES to topple (from power) 1474} HH FOLK pivot m va 819 cS v2 1068 1668 1466 | eH LL adoption or rejection BH PEC promise 1475 as a0 ik ye 23 168 ok Loa 1467 Bots 1476 | FMR C9 TK EDS highway; expressway ie] = = = an 1468 | Stal As latte west 4477 | EFS bxroev — toadjust; regulate 1 ihe a ) rae ver 1469 | BRE Photographing 147g | MH Lx 9% x ¢ Imperial proclamation x i y es 2 106 = Mh eaKv "e a | 82 8K region 1479 . i ' a A 24 1665 5 6 reliance; tan mE HAS furhinger: foreraninet 1480 12 LAbw reliance; trust i +9 1699 eS vay 785 1472 ON eILOS Europe wt = Lr 9b <4 pine, bamboo, and plum 7" A word of explanation about the explanatory compound in this ee +o 1698 frame: because of their resistance fo the winter cold, the pine, bamboo, and plum often appear together in end-of-the year wap | BH BO blow; assault decorations. From there, they have come to be associated with 1481 | festive occasions in general.190 REMEMBERING THE KANIT IT yao 787 14g | HR LES legal nit TS 29 101s 184 usa | SBE 9AA publica az Bi +9 786 saga | 47 3939 venerable old man be FA vgs | BR TBA proposal; propesiton " de FA 390 tage | 8P CIES dike EL te # 576 2388 vagy | RR tO absolutely; by all means wal 4 1038 389 yagg | WL BAA problem TK ad 192, vaso | EEE craving: appetite ambition we 27 789 1490 | @% £6 LO bathingroom MixeD Grours~ C wi + a7 788 yor | HR BSS K — deepravine; len {ft SD 143 968 sgn | HH KE slang; vulgarism Ht _ = v3 | #R wD surplus; breathing room = eevee _ #a #ebo bygone days 1494 ae TCAULeS past and present if os a v495 | cHe census registration i =e 1187 1496 te eatin a narrow defeat ih ve 1185, 1497 | ata eck ‘mix-up; mistake fit var 1186 1498 ee debt; liability if 2 1188 s499 | HD measures; stepsREMEMBERING THE KANJI II ne 1054 143 Es 2D life; livelihood ay 661 ais (29% allembracing; comprehensive Sid 4 He RAD eloquence 7 47 344 8% thb telephone 2 988. 1497 ata UTA dictionary aA ou Ke aor recess; rest 3 1133 1593 +8 red reservation 3 1595 Re raw deposit (in a bank) Pa 1594 eK Deh preface (to a book) MixeD Grours~ 193 x 954 1596 1509 | HR PROD baseball Yas? 027 1658 id Lea exception; exclusion isio | HR EDL house-)leaning om 1660 MHA Cx LL — anode; narrative poetry vu 1659 HFS Cxe9 — toxgoslowly r 1663 wig | HERD coating with paint iB 6 1661 tig | EB OD ata om the way R a 1657 sis | #8 ras blank space; blank cz v4 683 1516 HATS Low EV to gather data or material94 REMEMBERING THE KANSI II MuxeD GROUPS ~C 195 i) FAA 1006 os eva 1535 i ie EUSA one’s possessions or wealth re abla LA, mind; psyche ae Sh wallet aR SLED indolence; sloth 1517 1525 a w4 1094 6s 44-49 980 1539 tig | 4 CAR genius wR «= ago dean he = Lr 9 Ux purity innocence FA nA 1623 isig | WTA, closing-time (of a shop) eee 8 1536 2H LA p 1527 | HR SUA baling construction ff é @ = 1529 | 7H LE L® conductor (ofan orchestra) B ee ar om 152g | HR BCA, learshies if ' z = ; % tsar | 8 9B splendor; dazzling britiance Fs aie ue 1529 ak eM standstill a ge 301 Fes 1s | BR ARCA nay a yoo 86 1537 1530 | BR HAE feelings; emotions ca oy 1067 303 153 | BH DAES exercise: sports ra? 30 tsar | BF EDL contiton: state ca BAY ad ZB 1534 i He = BRA ayouth ra ze me 1524 ae ALLS verdigris; green rust 1532 WAR is 2 sculpture; status196 REMEMBERING THE KANI IT is as % 1533 | 3M AAL wd circumference wal yoo 1018 318 1534 an Le amA week BH |x HA is 1535 HSS AVES L& the above-mentioned person w) aA = 1536 HBSS LAMM — to impeach BK we 1520 4537 | eb OLA mucleus x »” 1321 ts3g | SEMA CLK OD timetable at oA 1731 1539 | (kts — economy; economics v4 1732 1540 | BR Lt Elo private study: library cas ait 179 Aan 2L2 9 —homophony 1541 Mrxep Groups ~ C 197 fil 1542, teil vA aL eo cleanser; laundry soap 1730READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS 199 Chapter 8 pe v4 1047 1602 P sag | 8 DAS the “Kansai” district Readings from Useful Compounds = es by 58 1549 | 22 LAO — Porkcutlets We have now completed everything that can ve done with the signal - primitives, but are still left with 701 frames to complete our study of pk oi the Chinese readings. In this chapter we return to the procedure fol- a4, on lowed in Chapter 6, focusing on the exemplary compounds. Although BS 92 most of the words that appear in the following 237 frames are not com- isso | 28% web trouble; inconvenience mon to everyday conversation, they are all words that you will meet fre- ‘quently in everyday reading materials such as newspapers, magazines, = billboards, street signs, and menus. If you have studied the language a vy 1910 formally for a half a year or more, you will probably know at least a third of them already. 1551 ee OLA iuy A aA 831 yard 1510 5% a 10s Me). . ee ‘ 1552 | RR «LLL #9 _dribery: buying of 1543 Re (2234, pronunciation = oh we sn a ? 14 16 a yy 2108 431 xT Rd carpenter = 2 independ 1544 -arpé 1553 rd & _ independence iA y 422 i a4 1706 1545 | MAT ites Japan's “rainy season” ak y 20 370 Issa | tt ttee repeal; abolition B 1252 a9 1546 ge 5 A, plan; idea being considered sie h ae a iss | £84 eb tract of land ae TE ay 1354 1547 BE AAZ9 —— (national) constitution200 REMEMBERING THE KAN IT READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS 201 fe a " K 2» 38 1556 | A5 UAZ5 population tt 7. 824 1151 4 1564 | it bod ‘man and wife; couple = ao 1632 261 # - 1557 Ra TADS ‘the Emperor Hl iS # meme £ BE a 7 AAT gm Una Meir wy a 1782 issg | 8 RAL Y assistance financial aid Fe 44 23 a6 KE nan clothing (generic term) z 787 1566 He a4 31 6i2 i S 1559 ER Cite reciprocal . 973 64 3 1567 | Be HAR hip, hurray!” TR - 1855 ji ee 1773 B y 605 1560 Tat ROA dispatching (c.g., a delegate) 1568 fe Le5 thought; ideas A =e = ik i a 1561 ABE Cw 5 \aA, admittance into a hospital 1569 aR a CAt< — speedy; prompt q) , i kal eed 20 aA 2038 1484 1562 | 8B Bx 5IC% themorrow Wy ay 160 1E iso | 7% AWEA — anaverage + Gad 110 1008 BE yap 923 Ya & > 2041 58 1563 eB Lr 9 Lothe “powder room” w 436 se ves children; juvenile202 REMEMBERING THE KANAH II READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS 208 i a4 ay # #45 1 tsi Wehr pe 1136 1572 | AR YL ¢ interpretation we | Hea ae z 4 ‘iy ) ” an ey 2 a | uae orn 1582 | SHAR CED OA office supplies tk a ie tt “4 7 2% 1s | #8 £092 holiday; aay of 1583 tear second generation qe 1% x2 2156 884 Be he ste 1575 | BEM LCL CiyHall ised, AB Bee? tee a Es 53 i - if ee era 1sgs | wm Le Adeé.— aninstant; a blink of the eye ai] He in = we ; vy 361 | B® Wobh — tloxpenlly tsgo | BETS LATI — advance; progress a oA iE ° ie aA 1032 qu . 55 xt a. 353 1578 | sft bh position; status isgy | 6% HL __ form; formality ae “ye on as vad 2110 1100 1579 | Se 2D ditect; immediate 1588 Leo 8 £9 religion H fe] ny : 396 1620 a &: vt 1580} HM) eit, 1589 | we 9S investigation; research204 REMEMBERING THE KANT II READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS 205 i Fao 827 wy 764 335 1590 | SHR f5525 apublichearing aa (FAR statement; comment (for the DA 1599 press) a oo ii as ro AY 1413 iso. | ret 25th townsand villages ms ee ae itera nner we 1370 Ta ae vi 1592 © D1F\ (television or radio) relay 101 | #7 Le 9) £5 conclusion; ending Et yy % 1593 | XE Fe LA, cabinet minister 1602 | em io 29 decision (ofa content) bal x pe as: Ta a9 174 1594 i feb a break in the deadlock 1603 | 8 establishment; creation 1622 | Ft we surgery = 4. 4T a9 974.2234 2038 873 fr ie ht ne iz B 5 earni 1614 | 78 £9412 Governmental) administration 1623 |” 3 cy aaa a a4 AU ay 1404 aS 130 ; 314 iis ThA AICA criminal; offender 1624 | FR wee (evoncmnie) arom an i 7 a ax 708 Hi a . ; es 1720 1675 1616 | 8% (FAxtD large-scale construction 1625 id important; weighty208 [REMEMBERING THE KANUI IT READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS 209 cay 1487 {EB ey 1136 963 165 | PMR O29 BAM series commentator yeas | HR PATA publics propaganda tk 4 2226 on tii ay 1169 1627 | hon dependency 1635 | 08 4 Ai in full bloom a e 1218 ae i se OC ena negation = es SHI = LO DAA Kindergarten a ie 3,21 20 ‘ a9 43.2157 we tte fact Soy 1016 eA £5 9 permanence; perpetuity 4 1341 SEH HT UM LA the Meiji Restoration aD 51 zy 1458 rT 328 RH La CR tablesatt a2 1893 Abs ea Vat reform; reformation oe re ee Oe amattack 29 1557 261 aE coaer Imperial Palace ae 2223 1881. We bat profit; gains 2 1130 vad 1680 _ Hi = EDL 2D negotiations v4 1642 | @R Rod pursuit y 304 ane Bt foundation; basis,210 REMEMBERING THE KANJI II 1651 1238 =e 1181 1643 | RH ors expenses, Hi a2 651 ‘ reclamation (of wasteland); reas | MOC ponering i ra os1 1645 | #4 ute portable R yao 08 1976 eig | B® BLED weather 3H qEG, ae 450 1647 Ba CAbA disorder; confusion za AR vad 298 164g | #8 Uroe< treaty ic ry 959 t6ag | BFF LBA affair; matter (ay 2° 18 150 | #H wes intention; inclination & Ep 947 as med reply; answer READINGS FROM USEFUL ComPouNDs a R nA 119 1652 | 28 (ee < contract; agreement y 1139 em at indictment es 569 aa Bib permission hy 340 ata eo¥ debate; discussion vy a4 1656 | #% LAS medical examination ale vad 2220 49 1657 | BE E29 above; more than we 1679 mt Lea — kind: ype * 758 se BGA abstention (from voting) ey 1079 BAB EADS etectric fan212 REMEMBERING THE KANSI ID READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS 213 1 yo 1428 4 ze 1120 t661 | BM ICRA L® Japanese sake eR - iE 1365 aH BORE ‘a manhunt; search A y 02 166. | ** Loo privately owned and run are ae = ia 9546 arvival (ofa plane, train, ete) BR ao 2097 929 op ‘ vy ea 1663 | #2 = F98< mathematics ae & tte aA PANES union; federate state E wr 987 % w 1664 | = Loe promotion ay 579 ty 1580 {ili nb 1603 Me CAA distress; difficulty 1665 | f@ = Cla fixed price is 197 i vy fal 29 1044 % 196 Te BAD —— monetary circulation; eredit ae LA DA — woods and forests = 912 id aa eer Le the four seasons RE tot breakthrough; surmounting, # = fs, 2s 16sg | BH 29 SA, sericulture; raising slkworms tas | WR HEM pollution C wy - FH ren “ K et 1364 1669 budeet te | RH SWE spiralling; continuous increase214 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS ais fe by 106 fi aa? 197 1903, 16 | 8 ED029 voting: poll 1687 | #OEES positive iz a4 1160 i ey 1754 1679 | tt RE arrest; apprehension 163g | #4 Eafe» absolute; unconditional ae yy $25 1737 wk yao 2086 1969 1680 | @#® = 9992 eticiency — Leo Le & taking up a jobs finding 1689 employment 4 . e BE veo 1200 fe a4 2005 1681 | 268 AL 2 9 entirely destroyed by fire 1690 | mae Re attitude; manner %E B R . +4 ; 167 et Yay 7 1423 1682] *&* Sede calamity; disaster 1691 | #F D9 < studying abroad ce vy 566 814 #) bs 404 1683 | (959 — thelaw qos | RD Sx firstsinitial Fy v4 170 1815 iH ay m8 16g | BoA reopening; resumption 1693 | #% #5 LY 4 confiscation; forfeiture ae K be, 238 ii ea 2089 1464 1685 | HA BUA, _petdog 1694 | #8 84> season Kh * m 5 , os 1686 | @iSE «EA REET goldfish bow! 169s | OR 4S (government) policy216 REMEMBERING THE KANILIT READINGS FROM USEFUL COMPOUNDS 217 3 va = ; 1505 x 4 1137 1051 cz ines: “s 1656, Bo haoe ims | 8% roe easy; facile ® ay 466 & 4 913 1697 | Ka aC, defect; negative point 19s | BRR WOAH commit Ie weg 125 Ft yo9 44,1951 1806 Ee TO ini 7 1698 pee Weta Ministry 1707 | *# Avs 9 ceiling aS eA 36 DS ov 2132 os 1699 HR THR glory; honor 1708 REA BC TA wife (form of address) Tit vy 58 g yee 74 . fal extraordinary; ; 1700 | DAL cae. hes raordinarys 1709 | A ik x 5 8 (tatami) mats in size wi ¥42 1959 ri *y ae 101 | =® Be TA. reversal; turnabout ano | Be E L & A.) is the following, which literally means “playmate”: abe a9 2107 1047 1795 tee wots — aharlot ‘Those who are brought up in strict controls are referred to in Japanese as having been “kept in a box” or raised in a “se~ cluded inner room”: vy 1328 aS LAS strict upbringing ‘Whereas English thinks in vertical terms to classify something as “top secret,” Japanese moves horizontally with the image of apolar extreme: a2 1687 1903 i zo of utmost secrecy ‘The generic term for aristocracy or peerage is embraced in the following term: A * wm 179g | HE ae nobility Like most Western languages, Japanese thinks of innocence sjy_| and goodness as something “white.” Since the white race was GR | alien—even “barbarian”—to the Japanese, the term was com- pletely devoid of radical overtones.230 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL ay 1548 199 | #8 Wowk < integrity; Like the English word “twang.” the pronunciation of the com- pound for a nasal sound almost seems to reinforce the meaning: a oe ¥ 678 isoo | A URA nasal The Japanese term for a “breather” has one literally “resting one’s breath’ i YP 610 1go1 | #R Bw oe arest As is often the case, an opaque English word is perfectly ob- vious in Japanese. Ifyou meet the English word rayon for the first time, you need a dictionary to find out that it means , “artifical silk.” The Japanese is clear even to a beginner: i be 1368 1802 | Awl CAMA rayon Here is another example. Until you learned something of Latin etymology, you would have no idea from simply looking at the term Aibemarion what it might possibly mean, The Jap- anese is crystal clear, even to a young child. a hy a 1303 | #18 EDA hibernation ‘And yet another example. If you look at the characters of the compound below before looking at the meaning, you should be able to understand its meaning precisely, even though you don't know how to read it. The more familiar you get with the ‘way Chinese compounds work in Japanese, the easier you will find it to read complex material containing terms you have not A POTPOURRI OF READINGS 21 earned before and understand it without constantly having to pull out your dictionary—the way the Japanese themselves do. ay amy mm EDDA — aboyish face ‘The Japanese compound for troglodyte presents yet another ‘example of the transparency of Japanese; in English, one ‘would have to be a Greek scholar to know what the word ‘means the first time encountering it. a? 1316 RBA — Who ® 2 LA, troglodyte; cave-dweller 1806 ‘The term for attraction means literally “pulling power.” 43 1232 a0 Ade ¢ attraction ‘The compound in this frame is not one you are likely ever to use in conversation, though you will find it written occasional- ly. In typical Japanese fashion, it brings together a number of kanji associated with the major rituals of life (coming-of-age, ‘marriage, burial, and ancestral veneration) and weaves them into a single compound. : 304 a 29 816 SEMARER DATA, — ceremonial occasions be 1808 ‘The sense of excitement is communicated aptly in Japanese by the kanji you learned for “entertainment” and “stirred up.” ae 565 me EDA excitement Japanese frequently creates generic terms by picking two mem- bers of the class of things that belong to it. An example is the combination of the characters for “stomach” and “intestines”232 Fy 1809 REMEMBERING THE Kant IT to create the term for bowels: 4 29 f= bro bowels Be 1810 In the same way that the kanji 7 adds a sense of vitality toi Ith (4 & 9) and 4: 75(4¢ Vaz > ), it also enlivens the kanji for “cheerfulness”: aa 1642 eis mae joviality ‘The word shriek by its very sound conjures up the pierce and shrill ery of an animal with a high-pitched voice. When Japan- ese wants to speak of the sound we humans make when our voice tightens in fear, it uses the kanji for the cry of a bird in pain: 4A 1942 a oon a shriek; scream 1812 Japanese often combines kanji of nearly the same mea produce a compound word of greater force. For example. “bending” and “folding” join to create crookedness. eae 72 hat 4D crookedness At other times, a compound can reflect the various stages of a process that are hidden in the English term. For instance, the word gleanings involves a “picking up” and ‘passing on,” as we see here, y29 2081 or 4 1764 1772 1g13 | fit Lo 5% leanings JL | Like the word abnormal, the Japanese compound in this frame is ambiguous, used for praise, pity, and criticism. ‘A POTPOURRI OF READINGS 233 1814 4 1797 25 abnormal; exceptional me 1815 In the same way that the English word discriminating can indi- cate a vice or a virtue, depending on its context, the Japanese term in this frame carries both meanings as well. + 554 aa ano discrimination ‘The compound in this frame is composed of two nouns, the first modifying the second. This procedure, which is common also in English, was inherited from the Chinese. ay 9, an 5029 favorable criticism Another example of the same sort combines the two nouns “too much” and “spare time” to create a term for leisure. a 1882 Hei in leisure 1818 Although modern Japanese writes the names of most coun- tries outside the “kanji belt” with katakana, it is still common to see abbreviations of the older names, especially in newspap- cer headlines. This frame gives two of them. a4 1570 z 1309 an elec ¢ Thailand Re tos East Asia Fi The two kanji in the compound shown below were learned in Vol. I as signifying respectively “artisan” and “expert.” To- gether they combine to mean one who has attained a high level of skill in a particular trade and has consequently become a teacher of it.234 1819 Ve REMEMBERING THE KANHT IL y 1269 yay 1693 BE LL29 —— master-teacher B 1820 Literally the expression in this frame refers to “building a roof atop a roof.” 1058 BCULS & (dF ath wheel on the cart B 5 1821 ‘There are any number of Chinese characters that have come to be used on their own, without combining to form a com- pound. No attempt has been made to single these out in the course of this book, since they are better learned through direct experience of the language. One of them, a very com- mon one, appears in this frame. ay 284 a AA environs; neighborhood As we noted carlier in Frame 1238, Japanese likes to link the names of two places by taking one character from each and forming a new compound. Sometimes this involves putting an ‘on-yomi where the original names uses a kun-yomi; at others, using an alternate on-yomt. The following exaraple shows both of these procedures at work. vA 938 312 ey 1332 122 | RU AEA, Tokyo-Yokohama line (railway) Another example of the same usage links the names # #8 (& % % D) and HSH (Ft Z 7€-C) to identify the new tunnel that links the two cities: Ky ny 1902 1823 om tiagA, —_ Aomori-Hakodate (Tunnel) ‘A POTPOURRI OF READINGS 235 The everyday Japanese expression for the conjunction in any case or anyhow, has been affixed kanji that mean literally “horns on the rabbit.” The word for “rabbit” appeared in a note to Frame 1972 of Vol. I. ae 1812 mich EIA in any case; anyhow For festive occasions the Japanese serve a steamed glutinous rice with red beans: ee 2u3 1743 HM EULA rice with red beans English refers to the two halves of a game as “first”” and “second,” Japan as “before” and “after.” & = 139 1826 |e COA the second half The opposite of pessimism (see Frame 1430) is given in this frame. The last two characters, incidentally, are the usual way ‘of denoting an “ism.” And, if you haven't learned already, the small 2 often replaces syllables other than the full-sized >. ES 27 981 1735 1827 moe ? ie oe optimism While we are at it, let us learn the terms for two more “isms” in Japanese. it ¥ 1783 &. aod 308 F SA¥ Li ¥ opportunism LEER adees 128 | eee 82296 hedonism Another way of describing an “ism” is with the suffix lM, which carries the particular connotation of an intellectual system of,236 REMEMBERING THE KANI IL thought. Here is an example of that usage. a 2164 556 Meta = WAS BA, materialism Like the English term wake, the Japanese carries the sense of staying up through the night. y 1408 a 920 1037 we DR awake; vigil Here we learn the name for the famous Japanese sword, world renowned for its strength and precise craftsmanship. be 83, BARN (CRAVED Japanese sword ‘Standing alongside a flowing river one day, it occurred to Con- fucius—as it had to his Greek contemporary, Heraclitus—that such was the state of all things: in constant flux, never stop- ping. This is captured in the following phrase, literally meaning “the cry of the river.” ey 27 ay 1579 1932 | zoe ZL EO sat chings are im tux” English refers to the over-avid devotee as “fanatics” or more colloquially “freaks.” Here is an example of how Japanese saz | achieves the same effect: Ke 1105 2205, 8 a2? 260 were FLEE abook freak; bookworm While Mark Anthony was happy enough to have only the ears of his audience, Japanese asks for their eyes as well: A POTPOURRI OF READINGS 237 1834 % 818 ra Ce one’s attention 1835, ‘The common term for in a humy puts together two characters of similar meaning, a familiar device in Japanese. vy 1836 26 ae Bots in a hurry; at once & 1836 Now watch this! The repetition of two primitive-related characters takes the same meaning, except that one is for more general use and the other for a “quick” closing to a letter. 7% 1835 26 79 224 Rea ESBS. BA dtd Japanese refers to someone who doesn't drink—or not very much—as being“under the door.” The tipster, logically enough, becomes “over the door.” 2 1076 Pp TR we ateetotaler 1937 | EF Lx de — atipster ‘The swan to the Japanese is simply a “white bird.” Fao 1941 ae aC 29 swan et ni 1839 ‘The fall colors, to the Japanese, are cither “red leaves" (more common) or “yellow leaves.” The pronunciation is the same. a9 402 1750 ae 228 ne 2545 fallcolors238 REMEMBERING THE KANII II 1840 ‘The Japanese word for a foo! brings together the kanji for a horse and a deer, (the latter being an abbreviated form of the ‘kun-yomi). The word is apparently of Sanskrit origin; the as- signing of the kanji was later. “a 2221 1978, Se thd fool 1841 The order that English uses for expressing things in pairs is often reversed in Japanese. For instance, we say food and drink, but Japanese says: 1842 Ay 1474 KI BALE ¢ — food and drink (Or again, we say north and south, but Japanese says: we 2235 1613 Wat, %ASE< north and south ‘The Buddhist monk who wanders homelessly in search of the truth is likened to the “clouds” and “water” that move cease- lessly. oy 423 Bk 94+ itinerant monk We 1844 ‘The character 1 can be used as a prefix to indicate either the sense of the English prefix “auto-” or to refer to “oneself.” An ‘example of the former was seen earlier (Frame 1005). Here we see the latter usage. a4 468, ARTS Ltn to fix one’s own meal a Japanese is fond of using double negatives, as in the following idiom which means literally “without neglecting anything, ‘A POTPOURRI OF READINGS 239 1845 Ja 2237 100 mek Craw slick; smooth ‘The terms for high (and low) blood pressure are constructed exactly as in English: Afi. ay 1448 1846 | iE & 91F D> high blood pressure ‘The character # is used commonly in Japanese as a prefix to indicate in-laws. A similar, curious usage appears in this frame, reo y 171 1g47 | a ¥U false tooth, ‘The idea of fang into one’s own tap is expressed in Tapanese as “tying oneself up with one’s own rope.” at Za B77 ae . isag | 88 EEE? ating into one's own tap ‘This frame should give you an idea how helpful the signal primitives can be, The second Kanji in the exemplary com- ound will be new to you, but you should be abe fo gues its reading from what you learned ealir (Frames 704-708). i an? 328 rag | AR COS tia acois 1850 ‘The Catholic pontiff is known in Japanese as the “King of the law," a word once used for retired emperors with Buddhist names. Japanese Catholics prefer to call him the “teaching emperor” (Ec). *o 1106,2134,2241 751 BE (£95 thepope240 REMEMBERING THE KANN IT ME ‘The Japanese phrase for a slowdown strike is closer to the British term “work to rule.” The full word for strike is b 7 4+, but it is commonly abbreviated to its first two syllables. par 129 Mz b Cw AIES — astowdown strike 1851 Japanese also has a word for a walkout strike: Hie 2 2032 1352 | Bae O82 9 walkout; strike 1853 ‘The names you see on Japanese tombstones commonly end with the character for family, the custom being for a family to share a grave site. The Chinese reading of the kanji differs from that already learned. a 281 S41 wR 1m) x2, | The lights that English likens to the opening of a flower, Jap- 1922 | %O eee the jaws of death “HE | anese likens to the glow of a lightning bug:24 1928 REMEMBERING THE KANHI IT a4 518 senresr FED, orescent ight bub 1929 ‘The darkish, brown tea you are often served at Chinese rest- aurants in Japan, as throughout the Orient, comes from ‘Taiwan where it got its name as “crow and dragon tea.” In order to give a “Chinese” flavor to the sound, the on-yomi for “crow” is lengthened and that for “dragon” given a reading approximating the original. y 1944 BH — «9 BY & dark Chinese tea ‘The “face” that Orientals are said to want to save and to avoid 15 1930 Japanese contrasts temperaments which are cheerful and bright with those that are dark and gloomy by using kanji that the Chinese used to distinguish light from darkness, sun from shade. These are none other than the words popularly known [ee | inthe Westasyme and yin respecte. Py 47 1592 WR Lok cheerfal 1931 | BR WAR gloomy 1932 ‘The ages of 25, 42, and 60 for men and 19 and 33 for women have traditionally been regarded as bad-luck years in Japan. ‘Though hardly anyone can rattle off all the numbers for you ‘any more, everyone will know that they exist and are llikely to be reminded by their friends as they approach. (Note that the second characteris read with its kun-yori.) “2 1415 roe 2 CEL abadluck year ‘A POTPOURRI OF READINGS 255 1933 ‘There are two words among all the on-yomi that are virtually identical to English in sound and meaning. One of them we earned already in Frame 931. Here is the other: ny 1965 te wh ‘a(tin) canChapter 10 Supplementary Readings ‘The final chapter dealing with the Chinese readings falls into two parts of roughly equal length. In the first part I have included what seem to me the most useful of the remaining readings to know—or at least, those Jeast unusual. The second half of the chapter picks up all the left- ‘overs, uncommon and close to obsolescence as some of them may be. Without wishing to slight the reasons which the Ministry of Education has for deciding that all of these readings belong to the ‘general-use” kanji, the fact remains: if there is one part of the book you would be justified in skimming over lightly and not cracking your skull to master at this stage of your language-study, itis this last section, ‘A. Common Supplementary Readings a9 1754 8 yo34 | #4 eos right and left; both sides ii ay 1628 1935 Axa margin (of a printed page) y 399 1936 | 2% O29 —— frontside and back oy) =e 138 1937 | AF oor postponement SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A 257 We ad 1785 wh Ne parallel ay 2167 1615 1939 | MH = GALA — devotion zB ty ims 1949 | 2 — A® —eticacy (008) He ees 2144 1993 { a 1919 194, | ar falsehood; untruth Si * 1937 1942 ae See national isolation yr ay pe 193 | Mir = EASA, piece; fragment Bi ey 373 194g | me UKE frequency dif yo 1116 toas | A DIC wd insertion a yao 1518 194g | BH b 591% Imperial mausoleum258 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IL SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A 259 = ¥ 153 Fy a6 654 1947 Ey Les propriety; reasonableness 1956 mR TORS constraint; restraint i Par 285 Pl ea 2006 669 19g | #2 UeAa patrol; rounds 1957 | #8 A*£ basis; foundation fii ya? 177 te yar 1130 1753 y9ag | i %9L2< — omamentation characteristic; distinctive 195g | 8 ESLEC feature fel #3 943 1398 fie , 1S =y, a 1950 | | E08 E regulation; controls i 5 Bay _perfent composure I: et 7 FE os : 4 amr 1806 BE he 505 Bh oil wel 1951 1960 | = EE hospital ward ae 29 2186 487 He 2 {fe ar 560 Be B5%d i 1952 fantasy; delusion ‘teat BEA ratification 1961 ite , , 1342 ES Par 563 mm 1953 | ##TS 095 to embrace; cover; comprise ian | sera scl anaier 7 HE a aE BIA, i “ if Lo m 1954 post; assignment wer LetA quarantine 1963 BE 29 1808 ria peo 1990 © culture 195s | er De Aen 1964 | #R Cx deo evaporation5 ReniehetecatTh ‘SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A 261 JL “y fa a y 762 1532 1965 | ER Aid commonplace; ordinary at Lot simple; unadorned Is “YD 19 Pao 138 1966 | WHE = FED S24 inflation; bloating Beit Led rel (traffic) jam; delay a = nae Re yao 2020 wa beauty or ugliness; personal 1967 | i «BEC PA, radical; extreme 1976 | 8 FL appearance #i RY 21 #& a 1244 196d | ee BLE clay on | #m 15 bombast exaggeration tz ey 1046 (i ie 1305 1969 | #2 wht circling 1978 | tHBtE Le 2A advance into battle fa ay 147 Be ae 1101 1970 | #48 BAb moderate (asin politics) 1979 | $5 ve worship: veneration (iy 29 891 ba yy 1311 on | #8 EATS — palance 1gs0 | BA DAA one'sneighbor B uy sil a eA 1133 in| *F DAm< —— guestof honor as8i wht parole By 2 387 Bi a4 1270 13 | ## Sr 942 transcendence toh £5 supreme command262 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A 263 HE ay 1387 Uf a9 1508, 1983 | 8 525 — ahug i992 | mia Br A,— seream;holler Ma ae 1312 58 yo 1985 19s | mC BA every other year 1993 | sea OES —— rowsagitation coy wo 2078, 1074 253 cc +9 1255 1985 | #48 *oLw 6 — overnight outing 1994. | mt coum torture Bay wi ay 1789 He =4 179 jog¢ | BRB = TAU ED microscope io95 | mae EIFS buried and forgotten DE aA 2024 aD 1074 1987 | a Vs 5 5 amass of (something) BR abAvte¢ choice; option tf 29 1318 + 156 toss | eae cot (egal) appeal —& vob nity re 634 * 1128 Dad thd appendix; addition iB BBA prayer; petition 29 ism by o1s HE (EAE (musical) accompaniment #8 E Dw transparency Par 1494 ay 1208 ae CeABA solid gold ar Aki Within the sphere (eg, of 2000 influence)266 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT ‘SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A 265 ca ay me WF yy nu 2001 ALD tolerance 210 | #2 XAtia provisional; temporary i = 8 229 jE a? 1998 2002 | *# site model; pattern au | #® Be CSD massacre i yar 167 tr as 10s 203 | me L@AL £ ¢ embellishment; Nourish a2 | 24 BAe analysis a ve 1744 Suk 7 378 2004 | ak% Leer pardon; amnesty 2013 AR Fos monthly installment Hb x 823 if woo 1509 20s | * BL 2< disgrace; dishonor aoa | 9m ew 5 HA, censure; arraignment iL e * HL 1987 669 wb 2? 1237 2006 | ase Lroe@ proof; evidence ais | me hobD boiling i a a ae 484 a “4 1093 512 1019 , F cend-of-the-year present 2007 | HR precinets grounds ros | ee BOE zz hi ue Re. he be oa 1924 8 Swed — mourning 2008 | ea SAID blond 2017 He i > A Bap 1732,2196 1113 - v4 et e bek magnet, 2009 | 2ho¢ (airplane) crash 2018 | BA tLeREMEMBERING THE KANMI IT SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A. 267 oy a a y 1960 I e 41080 2019 | wit #5 clay modeling. 2028 | KF ALS medlear reactor cl ; % re 1612,2040,2168,2170 1356 R ay 162 2020 | = 2&9 fermented soybeans 2029 | bah flames; blaze AK <4 539 ow cg sem 1146 2021 | a LAt — newrice 2930 | saBk = ee chase; pursuit m ay 438 ‘6 ‘ i Fao si7 zs we £o¢ depravity; corruption mon | Be TASS insects; bugs 231 aa ay ay 984 269 ay “ 1744 1086, ld We * 166 2032 | he Bora Bel 2023 | mie La suggestion = 5 2a 1077 95 A v5 mua a 2033, | #F rot state of affairs; circumstances nom | #E LA 9 Shinto shrine — =a? (3),951,2162 98 wt 4D 0 2034 | scm ice ore 5 (one’s own) wife 2025 Us ite SARC hills and mountains iB oe 950 859 fa o wu eas AR bavR. aan 2026 | Hi C9 posting; sending my mail vr +2 937 it am Hy Be o66 pine, bamboo, plum 7 ||| mit Fultice 2036 | See Frame 1481 for an explanation of this term.268 REMEMBERING THE KANILIL SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A 269 he a 6 1217 x oe 1040 1472 2037 | BH BED LA carelessness; insecurity 204s | Bide A fasting; a fast gay 1570 1484 2024,2106 1033 2038 | #% Ord eS equality iy 245 1805 nae | BB apalace f + on a2 mesg | fF ERED —workoperation “9 2 2047 | sa PIES — autopsy Hh Hy ad 57 167 ih we 1612,2020,2168,2170 1356 Mi, var 1954 8 FES — cash-accountings receipts and 2m Lr ¢ entrusting; commission 2040 expenses He i = Ye = is ss aS ? tas 241 | LroIc infant 2049 | ae cARwS ion; penury HE ar ~ Fa o va 5 Bi AAatA, vicissitudes; changes New Year's food of rice cakes 2050 am #9 boiled with vegetables 2042 | Note that the second kanjt is read with its on-yomi. Be ao 575 ep the day after; morrow BP] . ws 2051 | #8 rite 243 | B® de9 down feathers BS - 305 tebe 9 —— ina daze; enraptured fA ued “ 2052 | F* 6 2044 | iF Ur dL beats rhythm | B — 1231 2053) 3a 9 E 5 Japanese “way of the bow”270 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A an cya ag 705 a+ 2122 1689 20s4 | tele = OCA, exceptional BH ARULD epidemic a my 1911 ¥ 470 Rf fon 205s | # ee ele Am softening; mollitying (= oy 32235 988 + 1321 mse | Ee LAX benevolence and justice ae Sot | sapigitann it ey 1135 me . ve nosy] MK | PKL gradually; step by step ‘tea: |. HW “LBA, 0 heel intete zh gy 114s lib v4 866 2058 | BA LA BA, ross-examining (ofa witness) 2067 | me LE RR scholarship grant ie ye 1326 Wa wy 131s 2059 | ®* ola los 2068 | pave DANO — caverin bs =e ¥ . 1052 ia + ee 2060 bestowal 2069 bins ‘one by one; minutely $ = x) gy 1862 i] be 1988 2061 |S = AES illusion; vision fee BEE dangerously i 24 ne 1952 ee fae 2002 | wh mitigation con | 98% ZR — dinnit272 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IT SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ A 273 ea BY 1747 48 pad 1813 667 nn | se PRA Darbarians aog1 | 8 © 228% y100,000 Gn formal receipts) 7 et a aD 1566 iB ¥ 194 2073 | i = bw dT castizon 20g. | wR woe sport; game fe RK yar 1014 it - ns 27 | et Le AS _ person of great talent 2083 | i BBS rasp; grip Ze 1 a wy 1588 3 ee ” im 2075 ae BAD connotation 2084 vee BATE ene 7 He a 1285 a ya? 173 2076 | Ra ord leap 205 | at CLe¢ self-discipline Ha ay 1380 Bi ve 1689 1969 2077 | othe WOU elegance; mysteriousness 2086 | wae £9 Co _ attainment; accomplishment & ay 10741983 253 BR oth skirmish; fight B. Uncommon Supplementary Readings 2078 ee o 1283 Be xk 807 1760 2079 | mA —-O4O.LA, wedding reception oper eR nae ait as va? as Se +4 263, 1565 1499 2080 | BML ED pet name; name of affection #4 yap 209 eH L495 prime minister24 REMEMBERING THE KANSI TT SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS - B 2s i “F 1694 1464 o 2 1556 uw 2089 | aie ae yy NewYear's dishes 200g | (th oral tradition ao y 264 609 o ay 1018 1587 290 | ER Be civility; amiabilty 2099 | ++ BAUS the reigning emperor te gay 368207 877 Bal ie ee mea ad 2091 Eft Lw Uw 5 master and servant 2100 | M9 245 %A audience; audition {iit v7 1091 1826 % kh a a dalton 2 £9 afeudal lo ” slender slips of paper on which 2101 2002 | 8 ®AEX poems are written = x , « - . “ = 202 | & we summer solstice 293 | #2 £AIED — emy LN 1084 951 2 tah: 81 2103 | BR CHS get ups appearance 204. | FH AKC annual tribute = st ay 406 391 a way i746 om ne Yew 503 a1 205 | #* % 25 .L-& —aMspear" in Japanese chess 2104 | xe Ab wd building; erection vy) Si 504 85 pee kay 1773 1331 —9 wok allseverythi # ee ad 76. D006 - sess Fe U2 5.59 armyprovisions Be 3 ao ” ? 2024,2046 1033 297 | BF OTR misfortune; bad luck eat Cae Br5 ‘Imperial Household Ageney276 REMEMBERING THE KANSI II SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ B 27 ibe AL ce = 1795 1047 AX +4 1609,2225 1493 2107 | Bu RA outing in the mountains aig | MR E98 mutual ofseting:caneting out AB y 7 * 1704 1810 if yoy 1611 172 2108 oe £oR hatred 2117 ea b29L fisherman ya F yao 1741 1896 77 8. 2109 | XH oth astentorin thie OTIS shortage; scarcity x ae 7s “ey 1588 1100 ae 1357 833 a0 | RE EDL eo master teacher wary ERD cursed; damned 2119 The second kanji is read with its kun-yomi. RE aD 468,1019 1194 an | *# Lk« uti; arrangement a 7 197 1573 z 22 | #4 | RR aD — Masistrate ¥ 1066 9 . a ea a2 | ate ot being and nothingness AS r 409 1394 - a | Be wRA amviety; fear a yar 1825 1743 F a3 | #8 Le 5 alloy of gold and copper N32 | 2063 1689 aig | TSE? god ofthe plague jie #L mA st 1087 ona | 2% bWSA high praise x ae 109 ra 2123 4a CATE this evening ci p29 982 1400 y ais | %@ Lord thespanofone’ife ke #9 1932 te DAS sherry-ble jing part 2104 ae cherry-blossom viewing party28 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL ‘SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ B 279 ead Pot a? 1106, 1850,2241 751 iB. DAD — moved to tears ald Rok ordinance; law da y 1220 ae 1722 1791 hol one arrow Lord departed souls way 1329 ay 2007 az | = SEO — dune; sandhill (a first person singular reserved wR bA for the Emperor and not com- at 2136 pounded with other kanji) et a = ie 2128 eK FE x > shaped like an ear of corn = a4 842 1 a7 | ee ZO fe\ alteration; change ‘ ay aor un : 229 | FH ANLA, deck (of a ship) Bc vay 262 398 ae | #* Lz 9€ costume (for an occasion) W K a4 467 WS 2130 | %K* $wt5 playing awind instrument a4 om, WH 2139 eft bre — sonintaw ee vad 1745 1506 SG Pee 1671 ‘555 Wee KD 1514 231 | aa Lw 5 U* ¢ attachment (Buddhist term) argo | te LAE ¢ friendship; intimacy Je me 1708 28 Sh ay aut 2132 | RH LAs 9 the depths; inner mysteries aa | 88 BAW agolden pheasant el 7 ay y 430 1849 Wk a? no 2133 | HE 5 Le village shrine nar | PB ESM < shel; crust; carapaceREMEMBERING THE KANII IT ‘SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ B 281 SH ay 2227 163 te ne, 1912 2143 sim (2A-S> complexity; trouble 2152 ae (kIkA abolition of the feudal clans ie 2 1941 1993 Tb ve 1049, 1411 47 aug | me reo empl space; “thin air” em EL© ——— tandstide (of earth and sand) 2153 oan m Pe ay 1805 mR wy 1026 aus] MR TCA palace aise | F SAth under the inane of cl ny 2045 162s me ae 2 ve 2146 | HA HAR & < _neeligence; oversight ass | BB BEMA race ge AA 7 mu a ae 6175 884 2147 | MH | TTR alarmwhistle aise | BR DAB prisonwith hard labor ii oe 718 587 K 2 43,1638 1016 2g | em = EA lower bed aisy | AB RA eterity {1 a? 7 1701 i] + 156 1165 2g | MRFS Yr dOTA fabbergasted ee ei at 1890 16 29 1352 2 2150 | BB FL eS aebitty ais | MF EDL lattice BE : = ay 1591 Ww e ds 7 aist | FM BARA “heartstrings” eT ee252 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ B 283 Kt ee 165 aA dy 1612,2020,2040,2168 1356 ae | ** OAR 5 ticense iP BE wardrobe; closet 7 2170 | The second kanji takes @ kun-yomi =F (3),951,2034 98 aiez | RK TAICE heavenly maiden pe ey 1695 ———_— ai | Wk «= GaTTR—_-Amateh for, equal to FA ic ‘14, 1006, 1345 1105 2163 ht Orbis Pedigree; lineage yy hy u f= EDA, converclens WHE an| © Fro E 4 1829 556 whe A al. willingly, fH a7 3 2164 . willingly; submissvely ze Om = DHA concavelens iE . 2173 B29 antes ae 804 1914 Po 1880 LIMEH LALA fai Ki yy 2165 Co Let fainthearted a Ss 1333 ing | oR ALL cocoon thread R ay 284 Ae 2174 RF > 2166 ¥ WoL ‘youngest child pis we a E y ‘traveling on foot ik ay 1939 1615 2175 | Bae es 2167 | Bk = aA, -BeuUD (Of sake offered) (ae uw el sek) @ 9 protrusion; projection cA + 1612,2020,2040,2170 1356 2176 WER oe shed <5 ‘ yay 13 2168 | The second kanji takes a kun-yomi om , * Wo ED ED areftigerant AK xD azil == : 980 195, aicg:| A* RIES a towering tree = Ky 4 aig | BR ETA cloudy skies284 REMEMBERING THE KAN It SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~B 285 BE ae, 1201 Co by 2033 2179 | BR 85 TA, morning skies aigg | HELPS bed EA twbestationed (somewhere) Wi ee ws 0 By +29 ms 2190 | FR RMB eC aisinhert argo | BE BEIT tshing boat Po 7 ie cael 2031 fe we 1692 aig, | BE Cw AED taweabiding Wem = ALEK concealment tf oe 844 yar 27 1371 962 . fresh verdure 2igg | PRPS BAC piging out Hie | LADS B 14; ott ay oe Ce hand pest a & wealth and prestige 2183, | = AAS aloveaffair 2g2 | *e p HE ho wy 2 us 863, 998 2193 iB red work of charity 2184 ae HED excessive praise tif = i “ 1132 oe 1868 & ak passing away; death 2igs | sta Leslie watercraft oe ‘ oe We : zx xo ‘1952 487 : ay : on reciting (Chinese) poems m 2186 Ee Rots careless, wild remarks ou - Re v4 1 “The following three frames contains readings of Kanji related to old EE its and measures which are no longer used but still judged to be of 21g7 | BRFSS AA return; giving back historical importance.286 REMEMBERING THE KANSI TT AY af 17322018 113 2196 a VERE € one koku (of rice) - J va? 68 2197 | 4 Veo Le ¢ one shaku (about 038 pint) Iv *y 1125 aig | 2A onckin (about 1310s) A py ra 2199 | 88 vA death by one’s own sword 2 us 1355 Set Lad crimson 2? 1143 as #82 piled-up snow ? HL 960 ttt WSL office boy; page boy x 107 1156 BR «TY Fds dilettante 2203 ‘The final kanji takes a kun-yomi. w 2204 1037,1904 1137 pledge; commitment SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ B 287 we Me 1105, 1833 348, 2205 | BR «CED TA punctuation marks Et ae 1593 848, 2006 | EF Léa a retainer; subject fe yao 368,2091 877 207 | *® Lz9 £9 tranquility; composure ite ae 377 208 | will abAre< laundry; washing i a4 (36) 686 WE Wb%IOL from1to10 2209 too th #2 a 2210 | at Cw Ate ¢ rustic simplicity Ht “ye 169 niu | me 422 — clumsiness; ineptitude pe * 20 22 | «iB AS lunuriant growth (trees, etc: fa 4” 1313 RIB CWA, aneasy life of retirement 2213 2288 REMEMBERING THE KANJI I] SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ B 289 Be . Fad 1891. ne 1840 1978 ara | B29 LA one'sinnermost fecings BP A plaque on wich petitions are inscribed and displayed. is a? 206 b ‘1043 589 2215 ca wad intimidation; menace a a ak ob temple dining room or living 2222 quarters Ft BY 2038 : 2216 | Fra feActtvs sincerity; purity of heart at a7 1641 1881 A — CK __ denefit ofhaving one's prayers HE 2223 to the Bucidha answered i ve 191 ai | eR LAA thecommon people hy ay 42 1577 : ra | BT TAB 4D — Buddhist religious service Ey Yad 1463 ae 218 Bit 7eAL& < — abaron AX aia 1609,2116 1493 me 25 BER aoe u £9 the injunction against taking life ap 1182 2219 | Pi 9 £9 — golden mean; happy medium Ke 1627 on 2226 HOR BA conversion (religious) ‘We may conclude with a number of supplementary readings used for — rather common Buddhist terms. Buddhism has traditionally preserved HE KY 2143 163, its own distinct readings for many of the kanji (see Frame 2131). These Atay AOS frames should give you some idea of just how different they can be. 2227 Worldly patsions: Me ao 1026 1792 de vay 1657 49 moe | Le 25 accumulated karma zo || ES Lr SICA asaint sis 2? 1999 fi ¢-ParA, Deer Park (legendary site ofthe 2209 | BPA PPA a auha's fst sermon)REMEMBERING THE KANJI II SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS ~ B 291 aE + 131 1581 AY 1845 100 wae 1787 1936 bo Bik eae 720 1360 237 |e icx S\. the Tathagata (Buddha) ME weg The Avatamsaka Sttra, a Bud- 7 alaaia x5 dhist text treasured in particular AN ty (874,1614,2234 373 2230 by the Kegon (Hua-yen) sect. il ¥r 429 1396 Z ia BAX * — areligious pilgrimage if ? 4572 1814 2238 2231 | RED —_ liberation; emancipation oe ve Ke sist ee Leer 9 allsentient beings fa] = 1087 586 2239 Be turning one’s heart away from yy ay 2232 GALA trto the Buddha ok ’ ue transmission of the robe and E bowl, symbolizing the passing fe = ath Bk AD on of tradition from master to 233 | em x5 Buddhist nun 2240 successor {E ie a a RE RY 1106, 1850,2134 751 Ay av 974, 16 14,2238 873 2241 ED OLA a Dharma-body a L825 ascetic exercises 2234 # eo 1 i 2 1842 1613 “taking in”; protection by a bay x we OR 4t5L@ buddha or bodhisattva on one’s bie 2242 way to salvation r “Refuge in the Name of the FRET = 22% — padana” (achant popular in a9 1234 TE ERO 2235 Pure Land Buddhism) fil 2, 8 997 i oe a 2236 | ft L295 title of respect for a monk 2243 posthumous title of Kakai, founder of Japanese Shingon BuddhismPart Two JAPANESE READINGSChapter 11 A Mnemonics for the Japanese Readings ‘As explained in the Introduction, the kur-yomii or Japanese readings of the kanji differ considerably from the on-yom! treated in the last ten chapters ‘Kun-yomi generally stand on their own as phonetic units and not as com- ponents of compounds, are often inflected with a hiragana ending, contain far fewer homonyms than the Chinese readings, and admit of no “signal prim- itives” or any comparable device for associating form with pronunciation. If anything, the Japanese readings of the characters present us with a problem much like that we faced in learning to write them, at least in these two respects: (1) they have no relationship to Western languages; and yet (2) they can be broken up into component or “primitive” parts. What I would like to do in this concluding chapter is outline a method for taking advantage of the second characteristic to weaken the force of the first. I do not anticipate that ‘what is written here will come as a complete surprise to anyone who has al- ready struggled with the radical “otherness” of Japanese vocabulary and toyed around with memory-tricks of one sort or another. What I hope it wit! do is help you think more systematically about your mnemonic devices. ‘Were Japanese words transcribed phonetically after the manner of West- cer alphabets, it would be impossible—or at least far more trouble than it is ‘worth—to assign meanings to each of the individual sounds. But since Japan- ‘ese divides words phonetically according to sjlables, such assignation is com- paratively simple. Most of the monosyllabic sounds that make up the syllabary are themselves already Japanese words; and those that remain can choose a ‘meaning from the full range of available Chinese readings studied in the pre~ vious chapters. The main problem is to fix one meaning (0 one sjilable. Once that is done, virtually any Japanese word can be broken up into “primitive phonemes” much the same way as the Kanji were broken up into their prim itive elements in Vol. I The presence of variant hiragana inflections need not complicate the procedure. The forms and functions of these inflections can be left to gram- matical studies. For the purposes of this chapter itis enough to focus on the root-words to which they are appended. For example, when #f is used in a Chinese compound, there are no inflections; but when the Japanese reading HB % (dee B) is. used, we can generate forms like i > 7 and #8212. The root-word z= / remains unchanged. Should it happen that the root-word un- dergoes significant change or is too short or confusing on its own, you can simply learn the “dictionary form” of the word as a whole. The main thing is296 REMEMBERING THE KANII IT to find a natural, comfortable way of linking a new word to its meaning (aamely, its foreign equivalent) without allowing the inflections to interfere. ‘When it happens that a single kanji has several root-word readings, each reading will have to be learned independently as belonging to that kanji. In fact, most of the work of linking Japanese words to kanji has already been taken care of by the key-words you learned in Vol. I, because the vast majori- ty of the Japanese readings will bear a direct, logical relationship to the mean- ing of the key-word assigned there. Once a Japanese word has become “second nature” and you no longer need to mediate its meaning with a for- eign word, the meaning-writing associations established with foreign key- ‘words will adjust themselves as a matter of course. There is, however, one complication which—if it is any consolation—is, as much a headache and a fascination to the Japanese 2s it will be to you. A good number of kun-yomi can be written with more than one kanji, with a slight change in meaning. Though writers frequently extend this principle ad libidum, there are a restricted number of kanji in which it is allowed in the “general-use” list. Let me give an example, admittedly an extreme one, to make the point. ‘The Japanese word £' uses at least 9 characters to capture its variety of ‘nuances, 5 of them (marked here with a *) belonging to the general-use list, and most of them having other Japanese readings as well. By appending the inflection 4 to any of the kanji below, the reading & is possible, but with a different connotation each time: GR to take in; absorb; take the place of HE to catch (fish or game); ‘BE to harvest (a crop from the fields) 4% to pluck (as fruit from a tree) * $i to take (photos) ‘% to take control of; manage * JB to take and hold on to (not throwing away) 8 to take (what belongs to another); steal * fil to take hold of firmly; grasp Distinguishing these various uses of the word £ 4 is not something to be learned in the abstract by rote at this early stage. If you wish to study it later, there are dictionaries enough to supply you with the necessary information. For now it is best to wait for these distinctions to appear in your reading, as they eventually wil A MNEMONICS FOR THE JAPANESE READINGS 297 Preparing Flash-Cards ish to continue using the flash-cards you made for drilling the kanji in ‘Vat procedure Thigh) resomment it wl help to know a more about how the rtevant Indexes are lid ut and to give some thought to the most cfient way of using the remaning space on Your cards. Let us begin witha Sample design completely led i: vty dl RE bullet ————- & se |-B u ck an instrument S . a play music. ae v © | e422) bounce: boon 5 ote wor, eve tet side 1 si Ala... The asterisk (*) on Side 1 indicates that the kanji has a Jap- anese reading that does not require any inflection. In this case it is the word 7 meaning bullet. it : ch the inflec- Bib... The ¢ on Side 1 indicates a root-word to whict tion ¢ is added. The complete word is (+ ¢ and means to play a stringed instrument. Cle... Similarly, the t indicates the inflection of the word Ft ‘which means fo rebound or bounce. D.... The katakana at the top of Side 2 indicates the on-yomi of the kanji. Ele... ‘The compound (or compounds) at the bottom illustrates the on-yort f.... ‘The number on the bottom right of Side 1 indicates the frame number of Vol. 1 in which the writing of the character was explained.298 REMEMBERING “THE KANII IT ‘A memo can also be included between the double lines on Side 2 (see Chapter 5 of Vol. 1). To fill out a card or group of cards, follow these steps: 1, Go to Index 5 and look up the entry corresponding to the number £ Inscribe the kun-yomi indicated there at location ac on Side 1 of your card. If there is some particular reason for learning the meaning(s) of the kun-yomi at this time, consult a dictionary be- fore filling in areas A-C on Side 2. Otherwise, leave those areas blank until the word turns up and you need to learn it. 2. In the same entry, you will find a number corresponding to the first appearance of an on-yomi for the kanji in question. Look it up and fill in areas D, E, and e, 3.1f there is an internal cross-reference number in the frame, check it for additional Chinese readings and add them in the same way, ‘These 3 steps represent the fastest way to fil in your cards, but leave you With the problem of how to review. Merely by looking at Side 7 you cannot know which kun-yomi you need to drill and which can be passed over for the time being. If you proceed in this fashion, you will have to include some small mark on Side 1 alongside each kun-yomi you wish to learn or review. Alternatively you can follow these 4 steps to enter new words as you meet them: 1. Look up the Japanese word in Index 4. (If it is not there, the word hhas not been assigned characters in the “general-use list.”) 2. Pull out the corresponding flash-card and add the new kun-yomi and all the on-yomi and exemplary compounds (if you have not al- ready done so). 3. Consult a dictionary to confirm the meaning of the new kun-yomi ‘and fill it in appropriately. 4. Set the card aside for drill, together with any other cards whose contents have been completely filled in. To facilitate adding more ‘kun-yori later, you will find it helpful to keep the cards separated in groups from 1-100, 101-200, etc. as we did in Vol. I After you have acquired a sizeable number of cards for drill, you will have to set up for yourself a routine for drilling (1) from meaning to writing, (2) from exemplary compound to on-yomt, and (3) from inflected kanji to kun- yomi. If you worked your way faithfully through Vol. I, you may feel that there is no longer any need for drill (1). In this case I recommend that you rill the writing directly from the hiragana kun-yomi on Side 2. A MNEMONICS FOR THE JAPANESE READINGS 299 ‘The Primitive Phonemes Unlike the primitive elements of Vol. I and the signal primitives ofthis 100k, the primitive phonemes presented in the present section Toned fru a fares post tonya fara nessa. They have een designed as a crutch to help you with words that cause you difficulty. This means that you should not apply them retroactively to words you already know, nor should you use them to learn masses of new vocabulary isolated from the context of your reading or conversation. The “Syllabary of Prim- itive Phonemes” displayed below should not be slavishly memorized but only consulted when needed. Once you have studied the examples that follow and experimented with the method on your own, you should be able to determine how best to make use of it or to alter it for your own purposes. ‘What you must take a moment out to memorize before going any fur- ther is the 11-syllable “a-b-c” that will enable you to find your way around Japanese dictionaries and word-lists arranged in dictionary-order like those of this chapter and the Indexes. Carry it around with you on a sip of paper and run it through your mind again and again if you must, but do not let an- other day go by without learning it: Bem Tee keh Be or dh The lists below use a combination of on-yomi and kun-yomi, indicated in the pronunciation column by katakana and hiragana respectively. These are followed by the voiced or “muddied” sounds (see Frame 1889), leng- thened syllables, and finally diphthongs. PRIMARY PHONEMES x subs; below + w awell on 3 hare; rabbit x & stream; rivulet a » atall it D ‘mosquito300 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT A MNEMONICS FOR THE JAPANESE READINGS 301 ———— * s tree a « (a) to spin; reel up £ a hair; fur + e child i” =) to prick; stab HE L (a) todie ae + anest a # shoals; torrent ® % (wba) to dye; stain ta a ‘another (person) +e > 1,000 # cE a harbor - a ahand F é adoor x % ‘vegetables. # tc lugeage; bags ® m (9) to sew 8 a roots 5 © field; plains a a tooth Ba o afire wm & KK) to blow & ~@) to dwindle; shrink a ft asa m8 a room HF fruit; nut; berry ® eG to steam 5 » ee x 8 ‘mourning gO F arrow e » hot water # x9) to get drunk a? made wa ) diarrhea @ » stopover; abroad a v4) a bow; curtsey a 5 backbone # >» awheel R (Gy heavens VOICED PHONEMES , 2%302 303 REMEMBERING THE KANJI II ‘A MNEMONICS FOR THE JAPANESE READINGS * ¥ animal sacrifice w ah height; stature Fe z tool il ee (2) to pass through ir a downwards: B &5 (Ga) to set up; establish = = checkers gy o> night ie ¥ aseat RE 4 (37) England Be c apath ee a9 (39) airport x amap we 74 (Fd policeman & ~% adjusted ii AY (77) ante & y¥ (y) clephant KSB YY (Fd) perform music a re (<) to embrace bey (a9) 79 traffic Es (a) to leave; depart gts 74 (44) make a present of 8 E (a) to remove; set aside ‘ym (FA) ad courtesy eT s aplace; spot AS 49 brain a e anose 79 (cad) seal aletter a & (9) to beat; sap (a4 paper money DQ cad vicinity; neighborhood awe (FB) to dedicate w * notebook #4 (Ua) sive commands to a” (+4) to need HEROES (re) wa asiave a) ‘many ey (77) old man ee (2) eres we (9) 79 Shinto Shrine304 REMEMBERING THE KaNII IT BH FA (7) geisha 8 29 nickname Be “4 (*Y) taxes RM (VAD (2) refrigerator ®t 74 (¥) mud * ro public hall RH 4 (37) USA. WE RD (¥) hat; cap DIPHTHONGS BA #2 (¥7) giant BH ovr (vy) photograph RH (29) Y= ooze BH ova (44) a signature * rr tea BB Fs (yx) author RM Ys (42%) captive BWR Fs (29) ching ® evap second (of time) ® De malice; evil ®#R Ya (977%) Confucianscholar A MNEMONICS FOR THE JAPANESE READINGS 305 ei |e (39) to slow down & Ba? steep HR (bo) a9 Tokyo WikbE 7994) — monastery WIS vay (FS) totagsname HHI T= 907+ 7 a Y) parkinglot a (82) F387 swan ea (#29) S29 milk R Say urine HPS tay (FS) criticize » sao exquisite % yay dragon # yao dormitory Ate (=7) ¥ 29 puppet + vad ten ie yar young girl Before passing on to examples of how the “Syllabary of Primitive Phonemes” can serve as a mnemonics, there are a couple of points worth noting carefully as you look over the list. To begin with, you will note 3 cases in which there was no character- reading corresponding to a monosyllabic sound. To compensate for this, kanji ‘with dipthongs were chosen and the additional syllable repressed (and set in parentheses) Secondly, not all possible diphthongs have been included. You may sup-306 REMEMBERING THE KANIT IT plement the list or simply break the diphthong up into its composite parts. (For instance, the phoneme } & may be reduced to the syllables 9 and > .) Finally you should note that in cases where a compound was used to represent a phoneme, the meaning derives from the entire compound rather than from any of its parts. In some cases this means learning a new word, but never a useless one. ‘The Mnemonics at Work ‘The method of memorization based on the Syllabary of Primitive Phonemes consists in relating the conglomerate of meanings of the syllabary to the English meaning of the word in the same way that conglomerates of primitive elements were related to English key-words in Vol. 1. Without repeating what Was said there, a few illustrative examples should make the point. ‘Begin with the examples given on the flash-card on p. 297: A = bullet = tt ‘The relationship indicated by the first “=” sign was established in Vol. 1. What remains is to replace the English key-word with a Japanese word. Begin with the specific connotation of the English word, which we shall take to be “a bullet fired from a gun.” Next we consult the Syllabary of Primitive Phonemes, where We discover that f means “another (person)” and % means ‘‘room.” Finally, Wwe relate the elements imaginatively: Picture yourself sitting in bed, pistol in hand, shooting bullets through the wall and into the next room where another ‘person is busily scurrying about collecting the lead and melting it down into new bullets which he then returns to you so you can carry on. If you can see the wall riddled with holes, through which you can see that other person in the next room, the picture should be complete. Of course, you may have to learn the meaning of the word % , but that would be necessary in any case. Let us consider another new word: = grave = tim First picture a specific grave that you know. The primitive phonemes we have to work with are Fd (tooth) and 7» (mosquito). Now exhume the contents of the srave in memory, turn back the lid on the coffin, and discover a smiling corpse, completely intact except for the fact that it has mosquitoes buzzing about in the hollow in its mouth where the reeth used to be. (Or, alternatively, you might pic- ture the corpse ofa giant mosquito smiling through its large, white teeth.) Here is yet another two-sillable word: @ = sk = 30 The primitive phonemes ® and i give us the meanings tree and sewing. Picture yourself sewing a kimono for the Statue of Liberty by using a tree trunk for a needle and silk thread the thickness of a lumberjack’s rope. ‘A MNEMONICS FOR THE JAPANESE READINGS 307 ‘The same procedure can be applied to inflected words like this one: tbS = toadd = (bdo ‘The component phonemes < and +> yield the meanings spinning and wheel. ‘The word in question may be taken in its transitive or intransitive, active or pas- sive form, which is determined in any case by the hiragana inflection. Let the ‘special connotation be the addition of numbers inside one’s head with a gigan~ tic set of cogged wheels outfitted with levers and catches and spinning at high speed to calculate the fact that 2+2= 1. ‘And another inflected word: BIST = todestroy = fk AIEH Paint yourself a picture in your mind’s eye as vivid as the phantom ship in Coleridge's “Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner.” See the ghosts and demons and goblins flying kites stretched with human skin and tailed with backbones, futter~ ing gently in the breeze—a portrait of destruction. ‘Still within the compass of the key-words of Vol. I, notice how the same ‘word can have two meanings—and 2 kanji—and hence require different stories built up of the same primitive phonemes; l= salt = LE Wio= tide = Le ‘The common phonemes are L- (die) and 2 (tail). Had we to proceed from the word to the meaning we would be in trouble; but since we are learning the readings of the kanji, the duplication does not pose any great problem. In the first case, you may picture salt in its function as a ritual purifier in a sum® bout in which one of the wrestlers has been done in: the surviving wrestler sprinkles the tail of a horse with a salt-shaker and then has the horse wave its rear parts over the dead wrestler. .. And for the second, picture a morning tide of rails washing ashore, a death-omen to the surrounding inhabitants. Lastly, we need to see how an entry in the Syllabary of Primitive Phonemes may also be used by itself to represent a word composed of only that sound. For example: RS = tolengthen = It |, we recall from an earlier example, means tooth. Imagine that you, like beavers and rats and squirrels, have teeth that grow beyond the size of your mouth so that you must constantly be gnawing at something to keep them short, And so you chew away at your desk, your bed, the living room furniture, ‘and most of your house, until one bright morning you discover the cause: you had been using a special toothpaste called lengthen which you mistakenly sup- posed was intended to give your teeth a “longer life.”308 REMEMBERING THE KANDI IT ‘We may conclude this introduction to the use of the Syllabary of Primary Phonemes with a drill of 6 kun-yomi. You should have no trouble in any of them ifyou fake your time. R devil = HNC WC = toffoat = 9 ¢ ZL = destitute = EL te = stocks = A REA = tobesticky = ald Gir = tobefondof = coe So far all the meanings were consistent with the key-words learned in Vol. I. If this is not the case—or, as happens more often, if the meaning shifts to a re- lated meaning—you should not bother adding a second key-word to that al- ready learned. It was enough that a single English key-word helped you remem- ber how to write the kanji. From here on in, you will have to do what the Japan- se themselves do to broaden their knowledge of a given kanji: read as much as, you can, look up everything you do not understand, and use what you look up as often as you can, _ You may be wondering whether these new primitive meanings and their stories will not confuse what you already learned in Vol. I. Not to worry. For cone thing, most of the meanings assigned to the primitive phonemes did not ap- pear in the first book. For another, the mnemonics described in this chapter is a deliberately short-lived device that is soon let go of once you have begun to use the word in question and associate it with the object, activity, or quality in your experience that it speaks to. The stories learned in the earlier book, however, will last at least until you have become comfortable with the Chinese and Jap anese pronunciations of those Kanji and begun to compose with them in Japan- ese. An example may help. Let us say you meet the word for “halo,” whose Japanese pronunciation and kanji are both new to you and both of which you are determined to learn. The following scheme illustrates the two steps you must go through: a Fo = mosquito i = any = = wostab All of this you can figure out by consulting a dictionary and applying what you learned in Vol. I and in this chapter. The association between the English word “halo” and the Japanese word 2% is supplied at first by the primitive pho- nnemes but later, as you begin f0 use the word, by the place the word has in yout thinking and speech. Because you will find yourself writing the kanji rather in- frequently, the story you make to relate sua and army to its writing can be eX pected to last much, much longer. ‘A MNEMONICS FOR THE JAPANESE READINGS 309 ‘There is one more reason why the meanings of the primitive phonemes and the primitive elements are not likely to cause you confusion, and this brings us to the final step in our mnemonics for the Japanese readings. As mentioned in passing, not only the Syllabary of Primary Phonemes but any Japanese word can be used as a sound-and-meaning unit to learn other words. In fact, the ‘more words you learn, the easier it becomes to dispense with the short syllables used in the earlier examples. Let us say you have already learned the word ~ b (#3) which means the hem, fril, or border of a garment. And let us suppose also that you learned the word by playing with the phonemes for shrinking (~) and diarrhea (1) ). We will further assume that you know the word ¢ 72 CF %), meaning to lower, which you first memorized by combining the phonemes for spinning ( < ) and em- bracing (7€). Now when you meet the frightening word~ ) ¢ 7€ (73), there is no need to break it up into 4 syllables since you already have two parts, hem and lowering which are most convenient for remembering the meaning of the word: ‘to humble oneself. ‘There is of course always the possibility that you will want to learn a word via these larger phonemes even though you were not previously acquainted with them. Take the word G © 3 < (## ¢), meaning kneel down. Even though you know that % means room and > ¢ means attached 10, the syllable & is new. You look it up to discover that it means lap. The etymological connection is too tempting to pass over, so you learn the new phoneme C+ & together with the original word rather than break it up into its component parts. This proce- dure is one you will no doubt find yourself using more and more as your ‘vocabulary increases and you develop a greater appetite for new words. ‘To exercise the principles explained in the last few paragraphs, try your hand at the following five words before reading any further: Wo = blindness =< itty = tosink = LTE BAL = wstoreup = KC bAS 2 = lead (themetal) = %2 9 Ret = wotempt = +towt Though these are not the only possiblities, you might have used the following new words to learn those just treated: = storehouse = ¢ 5 3% = mulberrybush = <> 4 = rw &t f= garden = 20310 REMEMBERING THE KANAI IL Concluding Remarks With that, the mnemonics for the kur-yomi is complete and only remains to be perfected in the practice. But perhaps you are still pestered by the thoue! ‘Why not present the whole range of Japanese readings, building up from simple elements to the more complex, in the same way the writing of the kanji was taught in Vol. 1? Lay the thought to rest once and for all. For one thing, by the time you have reached this page, you will already have at least 2,000 words in tow. To force those words back into a systematic relearning for the sake of another few thou sand words seems highly inefficient. A second and more convincing reason is, that the habit of isolating vocabulary from the rest of language simply in order to learn new words is a bad one to get into with any language, whether native or acquired. Learning to write the kanji presented a special problem that required a special solution: sticking our nose so close to the writen form that virtually ‘everything else was lost from view. Learning to pronounce the kanji requires an- other approach, more like keeping a firm finger on systematic study methods ‘hile still being able to look up and see the total picture. There is much to be gained by a methodical approach like that outlined in these pages. But when al is said and done, fluent reading and composition is a matter of alert and sustained devotion to the language. INDEXESINDEX 1: The Signal Primitives ‘The following lst contains all the signal primitives used in this book, ar- ranged first according to the number of strokes and then in order of ap- pearance. The numbers refer to the frames in which a given primitive fig~ tues. As explained in the text, these primitives do not necessarily coincide ‘with the primitive elements treated in Vol. I. 2 = 233-35 JL $30-31 2 4-21 140-43 185-87 342-43 458-59 1182-87 1226-32 1269-75, 1287-91 1516-19 +H ta = Seda Ae EN HAW PH AS eee Fs 57-60 1008-13, 21-B 346-47 380-81 410-11 454-55 510-11 524-25 784-87 803-05 824-26 860-62 866-68 887-89 902-04 AP REUSE Baagepes 914-16 1233-41 1246-52 1309-20 1402-06 1407-15 1470-74 1481-84 1506-09 5 0-73 89-94 95-100 105-09 122-26 144-47 HM BATS Be KR B ms oe a 148-52 153-56 166-69 1178-81 191-93 194-96 224-26 269-71 2-14 284-86 298-99 316-77 438-39 504-05 528-29 677-84 685-90314 ‘F 691-95 4: 704-09 AE 1281-86 715-19 = 20-6 % 756-59 yu 780-83 gn 788-90 Ai 818-20 ff 821-23, H 827-29 wk §30-32 ie 848-50 fe 896-98 908-10 JE 1204-09 # 1215-20 H 1282-45 & 1264-68 FE 1276-80 1292-94 2 1331-37 Hi 1345-50 % 1376-79 % 1416-17 HE 1418-25 6 a 182-86 245-47 NM 257-59 +t 260-62 © 287-89 % 290-92 % 304-05 & mes RK 316-17 4% 350-51 372-73 & 382-85 HM 450-51 F 516-17 ie 522-23 % 666-70 % 671-76 % 740-43 A 768-71 333-35 836-38 878-80 890692 Fi 905-07 He 917-19 929-31 FA 1162-67 YH 1168-73 i 1174-77 3 1194-98 % 1259-63, 15 1302-08 REMEMBERING THE KANHI II 1351-59 1384-89 1396-1401 1433-40 1449-57 1500-05, 1535-38 mo 7 61-64 85-88 200-202 212-14 230-32 236-38 251-3, 310-11 336-37 338-39 352-53 386-87 398-99 416-17 428-29 460-61 484-85 496-97 25-29 730-35 845-47 ee ee ie 4m 2 eH ee BB we HD oe mb ot > 2M fl OR ow Eom 863-65 869-71 372-74 920-22 926-28 1390-95 1441-48 1475-80 1489-93 1510-15, 8 65-68 78-84 127-30 131-36 162-65 188-90 218-20 296-97 242-44. 278-80 302-03 306-07 308-09 324-25 354-55 356-57 360-61 364-65 INDEX 1 — SIGNAL PRIMITIVES R 404-05 BA 436-37 B 498-99 ‘ll 500-01 ik 508-09 BI 526-27 © 534-35 i 736-39 760-63 fA 791-93 794-96 % 797-99 @ 899-901 & 91-13 8 1210-14 ¥e 1253-58 L_ 1295-98 i 1321-25 me 1326-30 oe 1338-44 Ai 1360-69 Je 1426-32 I 1466-69 #8 1494-99 1524-30 iB 1531-34 9 178-81 @ 203-05 #20011 ® 215-17 % 248-50 ¥8 263-65 BU 26-68 A 312-13 320-21 348-49 362-63 Mi 374-75 % 378-79 392-93 ai 400-01 SB 406-07 FR 408-09 3% 418-19 PS 424-25 492-3 a 464-65 468-69 B 474-75 B 476-77 ak 482-83 502-03 % 536-37 a T0414 BAT B 716-79 3 806-08 He 842-44 i 875-77 % 1299-01 B 1370-75 WH 1485-88 SH 1520-23 10 ® 170-73 R 275-77 BE Bi-83 326-27 FE 368-69 % 412-13 414-15 422-23 #8 430-31 wR 442-43 % 456-57 RE 470-71 & 4-23 # 478-79 fH 492-93 a 506-07 a 514-15, P% 696-703 = 748-51 772-75 #8 800-02 BE 809-11 iB 8i2-14 a * & ake ca s Bey * Ven SR SES HM Bw F 315 839-41 881-83 923-25 1199-03 1221-26 1380-83, 11 136-39 157-61 174-77 206-08 254-56 332-33 358-59 370-11 390-91 402-03, 432-33 434-35 532-33, 752-55 764-67 893-95 1188-93, 12 mR 197-99 H 239-41 293-95316 300-01 322-23 330-31 334-35 344-45 396-97 440-41 466-67 486-87 488-89 eS nee te om me 494-95 512-13 520-21 884-86 932-34 13 wn 101-04 227-27 388-89 ee BSR Pe REMEMBERING THE KaNit IT 394-95 420-21 426-27 444-45, 446-47 448-49 518-19 851-53 854-56 857-59 14 %& 328-29 B 366-67 452-53 se 815-17 15 # 318-19 HE 480-81 490-91 INDEX The Kanji ‘The following list contains al the kanji treated in Vol. I, arranged accord- ing to number of strokes and primitive elements. The number following the kanjt refer to the first frame in which that character appears in the present book. if Zz 4“ & mw & ws bv 946 = ot 2 os A on E1837 = %5 = 2 F 120 994 F 1052 Z 565 (1657 3 2053 Kl 866 140 F958 F094 94S LSS 1861 TSR KBD 2 RK 8 G 93 MM 7 4 1912 ct sz mM 620 Fr 2198 yy 36 382 ft 10 4 1316 + 1064 «BH 2199 4 w an F 74 968 (2197 EK wm 8 S6 i 99 eK RLS FZ 1061 = 4) 57 tt S10 A 546 1 185 FF 2216 1 1932 7% 980 K 92 0 156 2 ust w 174 20 RK ise1 + 987 5) BEKO K 1599 + “wo EH 1559 A 92 & 50 D wi F 23 & & K SH 94 D sop K 90 3 44 K 19 K 979 te 99 x 3 i 7 R 8K 916 4 om f WT & 2 FH ims Gh 2188 % 609 53h toss 1407 R10 th toss ft 380, s@ 1108 ty 98 «10s 20611943 3 jl 1832-298 B87 OTT T 14 W944 31 1806 A 1685319 DEX 2 — THE KANT 318, REMEMBERING THE KANII IL m 1602 fF 1273 R127 = up % 92 8 m9 % 100 4 108 SBS mp bo & to & 13 M ta06 XK 1097 3k 29 F124? gBD, SK sg7 @ 1390 #2 87 f& ton KR 46 % 929 ¥ 133 & 1061 & 2126 i 14g ft 115 F oss 295K 338 HEC 1665 R 454 47 B 1732 4 1194 R174 k 2022 & 1929 RK 386 «HF IT IT A 2161 BK 1028 Rms Hg (GOB. th «1846 2075287 NOTA Je 2233 Si 450 i (2g7 f 94 B 460 K 825 KK 1013 HH 988 & 5 RK 1805 Fl 768) F135 x 2B & 200 tH 347 A 1826 Bi 1823 5 % Wt S83 assy) 372 1oa7 7K «2130140599 HSS Em 8 100 & igo tH i te 605 | TB 526 H 661 848 60S 781 38D 15609 B39 J 2083S 1ss 500 7 fm 88 ims Ise 1066 Be Fs mh 0 Ase Bl T73I & 27% 1s 948 992 ag & g 8 1678 % 1036 = 1041 2 $4 1637 F953 351K 20. i WW 1673 Hh «223,825 HHS = 997 830 ik 59601074502 #131 «1633 1571538 & 141 FF 1461 A 61a 554 HLS a 105 Bl 956 «(2054 «336 HTB fa 1132 hg 81 E3876 é 1818 HK «1233, R195 FH «1620-1536 8 9 999 Eo Om ter «1783 fo noe 5m Tea 955 SUH th 109271465 E66} HSL t08t * 19 4% Bn & 16 = 1909 # 1639 AK 269 kh 2118664857 at fH 146 Oi 86730 CO 304 Zz oss JF 1761 4 2172 oon Fa f mw & 93 & sm #8 1716 B 498 Ao Bb ms Moar ok 1993 1676 i 178418590 ATE BL 295 A 583 A756 fy 1650 «iL lg. 618 & 903 «Isle «=D 12401466, er ee a mk 186 W587 1578 & 1413 8 1591 HH 16m 364 fe 1091-986 6 fm 1087 te 1288 fe 1084 «OTS CCRC CRS S33 & 1803 # 1711 905 T1134 & 153 Bi2 #& 1648 FB 633 we 757 ih s7l E1204 8581957. os # 869 «OK «230 11601866 aH i # 100 B 58 #€ 1s £ GDR E 997 5G 989K 411K 1300 BD 1s 438 KH 956 gs wi 106 «0 82 ka? ORAM mm 25K 1789 KT: tk 260053 % ol RR 805 Be sa fe Isis Al OL @ 95 xk 194 Mo gg 8 8 550 2% «1033 «R564 OSD HK 1TH te sao HF 2007 Tae 808 % 1280 «10781062 m 166 % 166 61s tyes HS 2036 ye 1s7l We 14061682 = 76 & m0 K 9B fF 169 1231 539 20s «6 Re 8 a H 1008 E548 EO? 195227 5 ee oes E188 e218 w 21s Hf 1909 & 1799 F 993 fe; 4933 oO 1692 HF 1508 B 950 2 97 BF TT 4S 1573 704 R282 SR E449. 4167 22 49K 1071926 & 677 Fi 1648 R316 ts8 083, ) 540 SMA EO 8B HT. 5 405 A i882 KB ~ ie BH ty to B88 RR 58 Ze hm aL H 1546 Bosse «157s ged E1388 «1903 & 154 # 1897 & 1136 FE 1834 B 193 SB 1230 % 940 909 fh 84d 122 ag 3 A 562 % m2 2 30 £ 82 Bm Re 1268 7% 4 9 97 BL 586 mm 2007 aaa 435 E707 967 fk 1418 3K 1168 B 945 42g i 186 B m5 tH 1196 2 1706 538 til 634s 1947 = *® a bed - % = R i ie a Hl & if 3 SH ESRS PRS RAS OG RAR RR Re: 1667 1588 782 127 1347 360 1828 1629 1869 1922 2236 120 25 302 1732 626 47 2025 1696 155 1010 1596 529 1420 1337 1207 58 is 819 705 1315 995 1747 1422 98 154 1693 1348 1753 BSS OEY Oe EY A Oe RE BEST SESH we MN am Go ED 92. 25 1644 1956 au 680 1142 1 1957 832 508 Su 580 436 1137 1494 1076 1085 937 1481 1235 2012 1674 1089 sola 1403 474 760 472 1473 1127 1126 285 780 2015 1346 1099 682 821 1278 ‘Baie DE eS Re ARE on ANY tc) SS af a SE A RS ES ER SP a RSS 1106 8 2125 545 1128 195 1844 2029 1237 1703 597 1129 1187 1998 1751 556 1675 1938 936 1404 1618 1901 B13 1766 141 354 ou 278 563 1219 827 785 2212 ™ 356 91 1377 316 156 REMEMBERING THE KANII IL WEISRBT DORs BEM dase ARAMA Ae eS Sek aoe 187 1325 984 65 1051 2235 152 R 1545 B 1429 1541 362 464 416 251 873, 865 337 2074 1143 16 1002 320 1807 266 no 1012 1478 1790 1842 1791 1161 1698 1095 1582 1000 451 CRAP SARRE SSI ASM APSR SS @ am SVFRS SST ee 589 um 1990 1652 906 667 1870 836 1097 1136 1025 1389 1051 1820 610 290 462 1982 2077 468 406 837 1034 566 981 192 1568 1265 1029 1638 1397 1303 781 1501 1994 1813 1434 288 1170 292 1050 1217 1S 1289 OSS WS OUR OS it OK ES HD SS PRB MEARE PI A SSA 706 828 1794 692 678 516 79 408 1218 789 591 273 02 1676 1007 1589 806 1332 1890 263 1699 1001 502 1047 246 1165 1863 1198 1054 1560 1101 833, 1259 1735 26 708 317 291 1553 1940 381 5898 2063 4 ON ee Fae SV ET OS ELEN SS IS AH aR br ak SS ye EE She eH INDEX 2 — THE KANJI 1543 378 1597 978. 374 1125 13 1049 939 889 M49 1279 145 482 1122 1139 2011 1464 49. 1073 312 EMS Ao PAR ASE Se SF RRR RSTO RSE 1606 1954 1854 1522 1550 1642 1401 1120 1173 1701 ons aa 1625 1398 1098 1631 585 1022 1070 1003 1565 m4 1053 2214 w me Bas ® SaRERSS SKA RALANT RE AOE SS AE RASS OAR RS Sure SSRMAAYNTERS ATT OS TH EN ERAS STS REESE EE 321 2005 1167 742 im 3338 HS A MSS Se SG ae Hae ee A A eS Se ET ae Se ee 183 ug 1609 1818 15 891 1867 1490 252 1902 1822, 769 1065 184 1750 a 326 19 1421 1923 274 1209 1641 439 1423 998, 1434 150 2080 1783 1247 887 861 1612 1911 915 1248 1762 SASS MATH KAR SRC RR SRR SRR SO AS = RY BRS eft Gt ak BBS NM NTRS SE BY AR 1310 1670 1484 1955 1164 867 1779 305 oid 558 1997 222 107 1151 596 649 1668 2150 1419 1350 1655, am 459 1227 1046 120 1228 1090 553 1999 1514 2194 1023 928 1672 1925 1232 SR HS AOS EEIERS Bw HSE NES RARECSBPR SRR AEA 1661 1725 1792 1857 1158 1027 7 331 1840 414 1921 1344 1924 11 uss 313 204 465 407 776 1941 363, 745 332 842 1243 1210 1829 1010 1037 1718 351 1745 163 1255 REMEMBERING THE KANHI IT SHE RSIS SREMRAD AA BRS MESO GT OHSS FS Se RAEN RSS 023, 1040 1425 916 1564 492 1298 219 S34 659 358 1979 588 612 355 592 638 237 1915 67 983, 2217 1149 219 66 952 244 1932 1623 1959 ang 2017 84 1496 1704 912 624 1027 365 1428 308 607 242 BE eB BS pe AR 2 SSR a eR eB Ha AG 1765 1579 1988 1752 1499 280 1214 871 231 1061 2066 1981 1969 1138 1183 387 1489 2142 1408 1385 1781 2177 1296 1887 1796 1647 80 1989 212 404 29 1975 1539 1730 1366 280 1728 525 1135 232 963, 931 709 570 WRASSE RAS aS SS 1814 1175 670 um 1399 INDEX 2 — THE KANT PRAER ESE RET SPOS BUCS AE He ae MAR SS ASE S Sea am 27 1702 1482, 1318 1616 1654 1069 1549 1157 12 1236 764 2004 2064 1005 1679 1018 1586 1868 9B 739 990 430 888 74 1572 2189 1919 164 1931 2176 1330 1919 568 201 1460 1686 2uEsRRE Oko MERA SE AESLR Ae SH SRS SSS LT S 1838 136 1603 1540 1927 SERPS whe SEK STAT SAM He BANS STAT RV ENA MSE RE SS 1720 2058 1689 1748 ou 324 746 29 25 1554 1861 710 943 315 1430 BRNS SH ORAA TA AE ERS PRN ASE SH SSS SSS 323 1254 1960 1674 1324 1797 134 1257 1742 1607 216 267 1024 1216 BB 1121 211 1636 1736 02 512 440 1361 1681 1026 1937 2151 1709 1479 1442 921 144d 1448 2 497 864 377 4618 ‘ie we 9 ESM BY SE wah ae AS Oa ARSE a Se Ne a ae as7 1103 1849) 1653 1656 695 1626 123 196 1208 1462 1798 1552 270 EBRSHG NASR SE HR RHREE GRIM EER RRR 1643 1137 790 684 1973 1349 71 1881 7 1795 1067 205 215 334 572 1886 1323 SARIS Ree Se ARS Re eS MO SEE SRST ese R 1645 2242 1663 1817 REMEMBERING THE KAN IL NA SUELGSRAS VSR VS RS HE GT RAED AS SHR AEE SRE RSE 1733 1301 597 1659 1026 1022 1876 1093 217 1118 1637 1802 1592 1755 983, 1322 1362 ot Se By AR SR Se ee SE a SI 3 Ps bis We Se ee Be ae SP Ey eat eB INDEX 2 — THE KANJI BOE SPREE SARS RRSP ESB PSR EN AREER SHEETS eS 1357 688 822 2240 958 831 1984 687 1896 947 3 1807 SaRER ES DUARESMAANS RES Sa HN TIS RRS 434 391 1192 160 1253 697 442 mm 809 698 1451 108 443 161 1611 207 1907 1911 1597 435 641 2057 177 658 BM SAF MEAS AE TEE SE RUS SE Pe PRRMERSRSRRES 1877 6 a i 1st 1800 523, e Or SERIE GEE BUSSE RSET RAE ASR HR SESE 854 1048 SBRRMOAE REESE SSERAR TOASTS RES ASA S SHS EAT 1852 1855 490 1633 2184 761 1931 994 569 106 1364 1760 23 1972327 326 REMEMBERING THE KANH IT INDEX 2 — THE KANT FS 2060 «sa? 304A 94420 21 mw 1339 «fh 85s 7958821993 me 16s RSI R296 19TH HK 2 @ 19 SR 2013389 E738 1880 590 Hi 2076 1037 BSE 3616S. = 49 140 #163 81497 as mst M1467 293132089 @ G1 1369 #301 E1980 19 * 2 Moo2s BID Dial Se 1sz1 188929 18 ow 66 1274S 1081 319 2 900 R441 S130 225 83 281 857 B® 329 6 886 #2050 MK 1879 i 976 E1953 1763 2 1052 138 17 & 1 om 41 Bw 1764 765 ® 11 & 29 #1394 1970340852758 23 # 2073 «SIT 481 BCCASRS HR (932 i 1390 2070 22st x 750 R Bl 471 wm 1787 HM 858 HF BRS & im & 13 B 40 «th 397 R433 B52 MH 138 453 aS tag mh «3399 352 M6930 H 1333 360 lS «2208-487 CO BH 656K 1308-227 274g Re 758 1965S 933. MENT S17 R598 20417000 138177252, MH 2183 % U9 M 305 7M R942 1600 2 me oar Ho 427 598713 @ 367 % 107 & 53 72 20 817 B 1666 7661193 mm 421 «14493 942M 1935, ssl 1971 MR 743 M925 BOAT B® 13 A 252 RM 1754 Me 1203 9s 7181801590 E673 M5 388669 HIB ie 1808 ek 8077038 ‘@ 101 474k 1200359104 isos 876 HOSCT.ssBACBOH'H_C87S, Rm 28 BM uso M507 1566 43 = 1206 i 178 om 413986773 & 278 Be 83 205409INDEX Chinese Readings ‘This index includes all the Chinese readings treated in this book, arranged in standard dictionary order, and the numbers of each frame in which that reading is treated. 74 72 rea Ty a) tw) 308 OF BE ed Ea 3 & SSA “ MSE % 1223 & 1566 1578 1627 HE 1630 % 1705 # 1706 @ 175 #1809 st 1813 #1814 Bh 1870 ME 2164 bh 551 141 % 973 3 1868 — 966 AL 839 Mi 840 905 i 906 Sl 1299 & 1300 Be 1158 1731 a4 1806 1841 1931 2213 2161 SSR fo 30 1545 1754 1929 2112 2043, 1067 1523 1843 Sil fei Sd at aa kal 23 31 384 385 2226 SORR De 194 INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS ao Ce) BSS BPS RRS EES SIREN SSS RAS BRERA SAE a we 195 196 827 828 1026 1224 1394 1595 1699 1072 1137 1641 1781 2063, 2156 1213 1390 1391 1973 215 216 an 780 781 782 821 822 972 1016 1558 1596 1597 1636 1723 1916 2029 2183 1676 2108 2236 402 ay Ke Cas we mw By ee WO SRE RS eR Sat a aS 829 1011 1113 1337 142 1473 1484 1557 1693 2124 2132 2173, 854 855 1708 565 56 1022 121 1300 1970 105 107 aA RoSPERSTSRDRS BEAK HS RHE RS ENES BSR PPAR ESSE 329 760 761 762 788, 789 838 958 122 1151 a1 1388 1665 1817 338 339 784 785 786 790 145 378 379 380 381 382 383 386 387 388 7A 1087 1101 1302 1308 1572 1594 1631 1753 1810 1882330 REMEMBERING THE KANT IL INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS 331 1987 A 390 Bi 299 1859 ® 2125 & 2230 HA E809 tt 391 Boat 1921 E22 ¥99 mm BIT 810 392 a7 19277 #29 4 977 1026 B 8a3 393 #1205 MH 198 Fe B24 wé 1032 ak 962 = 34 me * x 7 #6 225 1614 1384 SR 395 # 132 am 75 26 HE 1828 #1385 R396 Bi 1804 fe 76 #1008 i 2149 ®% 1535 8 307 BU 1861 e 7 %® 1056 Be 2179 a 1836 R518 2 2005 % B15 JR 1220 47 2234 ao ah 932 ‘® 519 816 H 1654 a7 fh 1078 ® 857 me ms CED We 1257 i 1941 & 1687 858 & 749 He 1405 #1957 ih 1812 ® 1351 & 750 * # 2% BR 1828 #5 M61 #57 EF S548 % 1392 752 % 218 1941 1686 412 fh 1353 753 29 8 2082 #1950 a 4B & 1394 mm 754 RB 20 a2 Ho S85 FOF % 290 446 % 1537 342. S300 at 554 291 447 1631 843, 301 a? w 878 te 292 KR 877 HH 1738 5% 989 4 410 879 We 293 & 984 fi 1824 BL 993 A au % 1017 He 294 sf 1014 3 1849 BE 996 L530 er BM 2238 295 % 1016 % 1913 "1060 fl 531 ero M428 % 304 43 1570 fe 1984 1225 He Bi 429 305 WH 1894 ® 2142 1269 A 920 @ 1097 wR 430 i 1899 We 2215 F 1270 BL 826 x? #1701 @ 431 4 2099 aD = 960 Wom i 1226 2011 S432 sh 2141 M1022 127 @ 127 Fay Bh 185 R433 = 2151 1359 E1273, #2 128 BR 186 1 866 Fr 2198 & 205 % 1s i 129 im 187 cr a a 881 # 13 B 1230 x 230 %& an si 1400 82 Bano ie 1253 & ZL 886 we 2195 8 1054 % 1734 ‘it 1254 BR 232 HK 938 1210 & 1702 #% 1255 940 HR 952 ccd #% 1201 ® 1791 wi 1256 rh 969 3 1194 % 1212 E1807 WBE 1406 %& 1029 & 195 7 aA a3 1 1500 1823 th 1520 #1030 BE 1196 A 970 %8 1501 1 1909 Bt ts21 4K 1574 1276 8 1196 & 2078 #1933 i 1s4 (81 1605 1277 @ 1219 as & 1985 5 2001 % 1659 A 1638 % 1278 1470 ee A 546 @ 2062 # 1667 #5 1992 BR 1604 ‘#7. Be ® 17 Wi 2068 & 139 # 2014 E 1833 sas ® 128 2129 1772 B 2046 % 1903 #) 1873 fi 129 88 2146 R198 #2049 Uk 1992 wR 2004 130 ay F298 % 1854 5 2053 % 2095 Fr 2098333 = READINGS 332 REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT EE a 4 41s 1897 2106 & 973 155 a: ® ate 1955 A 2157 Be agg RE 875 eri a7 43 1956 % 2193 S885 R876 126 418 ‘1971 # 2200 & 10n AR 939 Me 1217 ‘e419 #8 1988 M2222 #8 1214 SL 1013 wi 1218 x On 2159 z B70 1216 * 104 = ® on Fe 2165 1124 ® 1277 SF 1090 1% 1866 Hh 6B Gh 2243 29 556 #1386 % 1199 1972 Bom ty fl 796 a9 ® 7716 £1387 ae 1200 m 1922 & 61S B 948 ao @ 1505 a 1201 ie or 676 & 1074 778 HE 1559 WE 1274 he one i 7904 Bt 1608 a? J 302 4 1587 Mm 1547 2144 Bh 795 Be 1883 #8 30s aK 1592 a 1560 : aia ik 0 994 gy We 426 He 1624 EN 1580 ~ 3 86 & 331 2133 R477 8 1645 E1646 @ 8 E863 # 208 B a7 BR 1652 KX 1685 8 ® 864 37 & 926 al am 1% ine 1901 eS £39 & 97 gy gas, 1756 BR 1939 ® 01 we 870 962 M846 HR 1822 HH 1986 202 97m 1021 1522 1928 © 2000 a * 10s 1280 3% 2007 wi 2174 @ oo i 1024 #1491 coy ad = 1s Fy K 328 & 977 % 1100 1538 2 ine 4 529 & 981 fe 1149 A 1603 ao # 1130 fi 1917 R 32 % a1 1197 1785 te 1568 7 * ® 1048 G 3B # 1258 BE 1198 B 2196 A 1736 & 1319 992 S130 a 1483 77 @ Imi & 1953 % 1640 a 1201 M23 % 1546 1797 B21 79 ‘880 Be 1398 a rT ie O 1556 22 a m 2160 8 1602 Be 1399 B us wR 1508 a 433 # 2230 K 1697 Bi 1135 me ie & 162 47 B 420 e A 1622 ® 1799 B 1599 = in i 1638 @ 421 ¥ 1780 R 1805 wh 1607 = te 1) 1650 i 916 B 2102 ‘h 1846 a 1987 ada % 1096 % 1018 OR 2031 8 1878 2 2061 x i EB 168 i 1396 aA B49 vy A 547 we 2155 = ia @ m4 te 1397 Boa gy 131 in FL 1724 B 1647 B 40s Bim Ce) Bow 1766 i 1673 W450 BR 133 ® 1m wo fit 1895 431 Bt 2 as y 1792 aL 1914 e 70 Sl 135 jit 520 Si DD 1816 Ke 2022 @ 71 406 Bl sai wm | 22 1826 2032 # mM 407 fl 791 wm ww #1839 se 2104 zm 408 fal 792 4a 1857 wm 2167 K gn 409 Bh 836334 cad Me RE AS RARAS SMUG SSR SASS MCR TSR as S SS a A AT 155 1764 2224 695 896 897 1017 1046 1049 wn 1589 1769 1815 1942 2039 374 242 243, 244 532 533, 740 741 42 7167 889 1093 1094 1468 1517 1518 1539 1540 1548 1664 1682 1684 v4 ve ve vy wy BPRRPSST HAS SHS ERLE PPA S SN EREY LR HSAe Sa SAR REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL wo KL 2088 2096 x 34 2116 a 12 13s A 13 1432, 124 1516 125 1517 126 1542 140 1 141 692 = 1a 693 & 143 64 & 287 729 tH 288 1497 i 289 1670 #522 1695 523 2092 % 666 452 % 667 453 F668 1091 669 1469 848 1609 849 mu 908 1731 909 1835 ou 515 915, 35 964 498 md 967 499 % 1059 109 = 107 985 ® sz 1086 th 1268 1262 % 1402 1285 1403 1668 Ae 1404 1669 ak 1554 1740 B 1568 1788 #1662 2154 ® m2 4 Fi 1743, 1263 4 1751 2010 1819 2084 wi 1847 INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS SEY YF RM Bd SSVR HOSTS HUSTLE AS ESAS SNRED ERS HE 1325 1349 552 1904 1025 1037 1061 BB 1736 1745 yar Pao Rm Et GA HE SB ES SHE ARM GLARE AR St a] ASR aR ok 7a SA a AN HR OR BE 2153, 787 1159 1494 1498 1572, 1925 2018 2113, 2197 2218 1298 1782 1962 2131 182 184 516 517 997 1052 1335 1466 1467 1565 1658 PROM SARE STAT SSR SS AS NE SESS S SH SHRM A 335 1661 1573 2239 365 366 367 1613 1859 2086 257 258 259 1018 1053 1279 1350 1533 1534 1552 1516 1588 1689 1749 1763 1768 1728 1813 1868 1976 2131 2185 97 369 918. om 1007 1245 1336336 RS ES SLARPA PAA RESR KE SRRFSSCRRA SESS AaSS Sask yar Bk SARE RAARAR SESS BRA aS Ss a BRAM ONE MR ‘REMEMBERING THE KANDI IL 1511 1512 1558 1845 254 1010 1035 1125 1204 1205 1208 1209 1281 1282 1283 1284 1338 1339 1340 1341 1375 yay PRAKLES e 8 ee es ee BSIRHS SAR SB 1407 1408 1409 1410 1434 1455 1481 1482 1524 1525 1526 1563 1565 1633 1646 1681 1707 1747 1785 1819 1865 1875 2080 2088 2109 2138 2207 20 2236 101 102 INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS yar yar PRHS DCRR MARS AMM SSRSAARC RAP BNA PSERER 1175 77 1342, 1374 1530 1648 1657 17089 1848 1858 1964 933 1040 B23 1324 1864 1949 1958, 2048 553 735 44 145, 146 148 248 249 250 251 252 253 730 TL 732 733 TBs 923 924 946 1002 1527 1551 1586 1593 CF a4 VOT RAPS SR PASH S SS SHEEN SS ARERRAS ERE HOR 1620 1656 1725 1796 1110 1569 1898 1978 2056 2199 is 1335 1762 2033, 956 1081 1441 1445 2203 736 737 738 887 1752 1844 1881 1982 2040 2128 2130 2150 aA ay ay cel) 44 4a ee Shak Uh RRB ER Se eR oth 337 400 401 474 1663 1979 33 576 1487 B 80 81 3 500 501 708 705 706 708 1042 1047 4050 174 175 1176 1204 1281 1282 1283 1284 1286 1410 1477 1524 1525 1526 1527338 a4 ae +e 27 ee FRA RSA SIRS SIS FO GALA SSIS eRSAMK RSE EL EUSS 1616 1633 1694 201 2211 225 1502 1688 245 % k2] A HH Dr YS Bl] FEE SE a a Se SRS Bee oe oe AT 2 eee ae REMEMBERING THE KANHI TT 1012 1118 2057 us. 49. 150 151 152 1190 1479 yo ETSY UM RARER MKRSS OPM ATRIA CATER SARS SH 1499 1634 1653 1974 2019 2090 2059 174 1s 176 v7 257 INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS S s ee Cri BA RNR ES Re BH te SR SRASE SETS 928 191 1192 1193 2042 266 267 268 336 337 1023 1068 1475 476 1801 1900 1143 1492 1138 1748, 1755 1855 #4 su 525 841 874 1591 1720 1856 578 aD 19 1132 1291 1780 898, 165 7 1776 231 47 mas 7 SRO SERB AH a Ro Rl BT oot SHH SLS ABV 3 2H a 2 ay rs . Col ‘ 4 s BE BERN Ow SESE BN Ta a aE ae RS ea 339 ns 716 n1 718 1000 1063 1234 1448 1735 1765 1832 1880 1887 1967 216 950 957 994 1001 1581 1733 1861 2148, 188 189 190 956 1267 1287 1288 1321 1322 1637 1886 1997 2005 7204 1004 1287 326 327340 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IT INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS 341 1617 A 1460 E461 b & 469 Be 1444 #2071 4% 2036 i 1461 462 959 oR 1445 & 2178 2061 8 1531 463, #990 AT 1463 Fr? & B79 B 1532 e464 #1055 Be 1584 Cal 2065 Re 1590 465 #1368 & 1651 tr A 543 H 1720 T1064 1369 Boiss + Ro F+F we 1671 & 1838 T 1458 & 1444 # 1678 B 2235 2180 B 1874 a 1464 Bi 144s, 381737 5 2168 Fad 57 SR 1885 1485 1513 & 1803 94 PS 944 B58 #2189 Ye 1486 @ 1914 7 1831 73 2209 mo 59 Far 1325 % 1140 1555 i 1908 7 #2020 #60. 1498 HH 2026 me 1893 1919 + ME 1673 & 19 +7 Sf 904 & 2103, + 1912 1960 He 1842 1128 M5 FA wR 545 r R191 B 1999 8 2035 1331 Be 1390 «FST B92 #2017 ®% 2064 1332 a 1727 me 158 193 BA 2175 #2170 1333 B 1940 i 159 987 % 1334 WR 2136 i 160 & 1019 i @ 1347 W161 hy 470 FP % =e mh 1348 oJ ws 1129 ® oan o Ee 2 R 2022 a 2147 Bl 526 Ev = 33 2073» ® 104 77 th | 466 @ 527 a x wes x 214 1368 a 467 % 536 & 235 Fa 1365 ah 1830 K 958 % 337 ial Je 2041 % 1366 74 3st 62 & B76 670 8 Fe 2233 % 1367 38 1642 1377 * 7m oa 562 fe 1462 2009 @ 1s 73 a Bo 561 Foo & 6 7% Hh 90 FY OR Sh 774 = #563 & 66 i 921 ae 988 & 919 & a 977 67 1005 KR 937 FF ® % ps HR 68 tc 1010 4 953 # A 1561 328 1053 134 a 2237 xe 30 F saa 1621 E1183 8 x N62 B 330 % 47 1989. 5 1166 € RR S64 Wo 331 74 1& 153 Be 2145 ‘i 1167 1 x 034 68s woos Fy 947 & 12 & B 310 1168 Ke 155 1136 173 FF = 3 B 1169 156 & 1635 HK 1326 ah & 902 *% 1170 & 22 A 1862 1327 id 903 um 23 2086 Hwa by x K 969 B 37 me 214 % BB a 1447 A 32 ce) BE 441 by ici} T 1458 313 14a K ®y 1459 = 460 +} ze 468 We 1443, cs m 4729 ng col RESRRRE Cay Bw ASS SAS wR ae iis 1612 1674 1779 18 1423 1424 1560 1758 1425 1840 850 1061 1085 1232 1426 1427 1428 142 1554 1860 162 163 Ad ae ame ay ay REMEMBERING THE KANIL IL S164 1233 FS 165 1234 ik 808 we 1235 % 1036 Be 1236 Re 1552 Wh 1237 A 89 M1238 #90 1239 iO 1252 iB 92 % 1308, 93 #® 1600 fi 94 a 1615 ‘1380 HE 1750 W131 SB 2143, & 318 2152 3 Sy 802 i 1380 & 948 ® 1382 Pe 949 * 702 1178 a 7B 1179 Ke 1786 1235 A 1159 FB 1367 W209 mw 202 1543 208 = LUT 2 2134 * 240 © de 21 R316 te 346 317 a 347 S457 % 348 we 2054 Be 349 R216 853 + 16 ae 983 W167 998 168, FR 1008, 169 1231 A 342 HB 1292 Wh 343 % 1293 800 BR 1418 #01 1419 RK 943 & 1420 “lure @ ai © 1179 1422 1180 #1429 5 1181 ® 1430 INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS 5 eae ear ea ea BO SSS CHAT WES WSR EE ORE Be PRaeH NSS ORS ses eH 4431 1618 1628 1643 1852 805, ui 1437 1767 1783, 1900 999 1101 1293 1294 an 550 542 206 207 208 356 397 1626 1789 2044 2105 278 279 280 a2 1158 1139 1251 1582 1822 1944 1972 931 1251 1307 1157 Cel 79 72 BSI OE BAAESS RS LMR RE SES BE HS A ARRAS STA 818 70 m 12 13 SH BSH NSS $ HHH PE EIH RASS > “4 a4 ae ay ny Bia eR ES St 343 748 745 746 1076 2182 2015 218 1013 1083 197 198 199, 1139 1247 1248 1249 1808 1009 1106 1246 mm 203 24See ews SSLGEKG CAPSS PTTL ASH SRS eR SRA 1073 1240 1821 1943 865 952 953 16 io 913 1127 1414 1109 oD HD RD RY wy SSMU AGS HHS ORI REMARK US SHU SAH Ce SSHS sO REMEMBERING THE KANT II 1850 1869 2184 320 321 799 806 807 1042 1045 1182 1183 1184 1185 1309 1310 BI BI B13, Bi 115 1157 1106 1137 1966 2047 2186 349 322 323 1703 1726 1930 2140 2210 2169 2241 S41 BIT 986 1234 1926 2055 978 Cal <4 =? 7 Cay ea R Hi SUSE MHS HSA SAT BHR BRORSTS RS KRS HR 1250 1965 227 136 137 138 139 2221 759 1031 1308 1995 2021 701 702 285 286 434 435, 1636 45 1756 157 758 1457 535 558 1413 2101 2us 438 439 INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS tel tod a4 %* KX Cel 29 BUREN BH BOEe SHSEERS Shh Rm AEE CT A cA ego x 861 8) 1037 2 fy 1051 41 ww 2100 1123 1242 1243 iad te) 2052 2087 * 38 SF 954 2 1290 5 1509 1830 350 31 42 8 1068 136 RR 1069 37 % 1078 982 & 1s7s ne fe 1932 3811 Hi 2076 579 U2 1098 me 223 47 1871 col > 14 178 ‘179 2002 2212 mm 180 50 181 803 ah 1089 804 Hh 1345 1182 4 am 1183 186 34 2 a 187 120 NE 1 1952 39 th 134: 980 480 1129 & 481 1m 1006 569 A 1066 557 #1493 860 FA 1666 cr ay ay 345, = 1753 & 174 B 1790 ste 1795 it 1918 1934 ah 1937 1 1959 mB 1150 (1370 ® BT = 1449 1450 fe 1451 a 1452 mh 1453, sh 1637 A 1683 1839 if 1983 if 2219 a 1489 1490 R 1754 #19106] wu Cos & 2051 7163 1953 1033 1480 1896 2114 2237 1355 1356 1357 1827 751 1045 19 1915 1935 SSSA RRR KAN SHR BE SR PRK ABU REE ERS a Ya ye Ya yy wa ” 2 Ca) EBREXRRS DIVA SSR DUP RSH SSR ESRK ASA SHbE YEE SY REMEMBERING THE KANII IL 1391 1888 1890 1924 2104 2176 893 15 a 1566 1677 1891 1902 v4 kal ve cay SE BRB pe TERA Be By Au EME RAGE TREN RSs ARR 39 448 449 2028 424 425 890 891 un2 1146 1876 1911 2079 2105 INDEX 3 — CHINESE READINGS Be sar ae 296 297 971 229 ‘901 tb) m2 th 947 %& 1503 fii 573, we 1556 Wi 783 a 1102 347INDEX 4: Japanese Readings ‘This index includes only the Japanese readings established as standard for the “General-Use Kanji.” Characters treated in this book and Vol. I which fall outside that lst are listed only with their most common read- ings. The numbers refer to frames in the present book. cay Babm Bd 436 aoe ES — 100 au os aK 436 33" BC 556 ee mS 1504 ba mia fee aos BOS 436 = BOB 556 see WAITS — 1594 oes bie EGS 1657 3h BS 1036 ze BIS B71 bat ae x 371 a 330 bho — a x0 bao’ es an Bao #8 a BHEOS eee ed BSP SD 1456 BH ee x Hs Lag 429 au * a4 Ree BUbS = bo 757 SIDR HDS 507 : ats & ne BaD Btoe BIS 1507 INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS bt Bee BIE are SRLS beRh dicke BRRAS HRROS bE bRoLY BD BRD bow Bomd BoBs bObd bts be bt BEES BIC bn Bits BUNS SULS BUD SEV BRS a BEY re HS SS a fi GLB B ae Bay Bb mts BES HYwS BBS o HOGS ‘peas ae se on TER 5 OF OF ea ob BaD BRE > vn 512 1795 1665 1321 27 121 1733 121 1733 21 1733 21 1733 1081 1821 be bas Bnd Bb bbe abt Does abreLY bbtS abr 249 HRS 1909 RT 1515 Heb 1909 RB 1siS ® 333 fae 203 R sa a 1545 feo 157 BL = 74 ELE 7A RO 28 fost MST ab us a2 215 BS 202 WS 507 Be 127 fie 418 hh 151 #9 246 eT 418 7 611 > 835 a 853 RES 1631 HS — 1631 RT 356 Bt 36 BF 1138 RAS 256 BN 1135 HS — 1066 He = 1135 aS 1127 RNS 418 a 97 1887 @bt 1074 Bbth 1074 HES 929 Bite FEL 419 RTS 419 Hn 1085350 bbne bAT Cw) lb wo we oat amd we been Wk ERS Wee w¢ “cs wit wate hel wes wayin wat Le WLFA Wie beRLO wee kk wee we¢ okt kis atc < wee WEBS ee bo WeUSLH ho bot le SaoS Ae ae wa ac or 2a oA AS BER: eeG dos BS at #Lu z LG 1095 594 2017 1375 1375 1947 1365 REMEMBERING THE KANHI IT hoo hobs we hear hét be be bp WOLL os nos Wik wt tl tb we ws woo ne wel nel Wel et ne DE Lie & we we »a xD 5 HS 1941, & 2174 eb 1026 Ro 1170 & 1628 fi 1908 x 1685 fi 1908 oe 1366 x 640 & 982 HS 1998 R 601 a 1018 ROD 386 Bt b L230 Bt 1230 ¥ 645 oe 139 i 1201 BLY 348 RU 34g BLOBS 348 at 181 Ae 1561 BS 1220 BS 476, Hd 506 BS 2073 An 1561 & 1130 BS 244 & 1732 wd 1279 B¢ 605 a 664 wy 1692 Be 480 + 1657 531 RB oe DoD be DONS dhe ape EDS eee vue an Sa4 Ay Oo a VEVTTeT se SESE COT SOSH S OH AO Seous S VEVETEsSe Uae ae g2¢Lh bot 9 2KKS 526 g2b ot MED & 99 Bae BbNS Ebb Ebene SoeeT US dr yor! PRRRSM SHRSS SRT ect vuu eee ae HAS 4 ES RS & INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS 1324 1686 125 1867 1867 364 1867 1867 1747 364 83 332 332 O17 663 914 1061 981 216 1381 1381 1381 1381 1381 108 414 108 414 815 173 944 1465 1655 1640 45 1028 828, 1775 1653 1028 828, 175 1919 783, He he so & Seese oF Ho SOF eas VEsTEE VE BE OY s e + e t sores oT eee cae cs 4 oepepeoroy OOS c s @ GEESE VoVEVEY vo seacey = » o s End Hine tet zL MEDS MONS LY HS oD he BLY RLY ab Hb a wo mt ay LY Bn Ee BAS BAS RNS Bnd + Hdd 351 1479 1479 337352 kal ADE aR ab £be AOR ao 2a cy > BLS BS Oe BAB bP BEY BPLIC be PEED bee bEP it Bd bos watts Be Be BERD BES BC o SREB EE MAR AL o TO USGS 1675 1021 1403 1783 1052 447 1623 857 1035 1918 1146 70 1606 1642 1660 1053 96 74 1777 1015 2127 655 1615 251 320 1142 596 1228 1708 REMEMBERING THE KANSI IT ey Bot BoB Bone Bot eTtH BERS PERS BEB SOS BLY BLAS PLY ay bth BED etn SENS BtSLY Ptbs BERD BHA BSS bot BE BEDE eiat th < aot BD He ene nS ett at Sa RS > BS oA Rd MAD HERS Sho Ree BES EE 1322 1886 1120 1193 98 1886 1228 598 1787 1265 2238 192 1228 598, 1910 1693 1637 1552 1999 1768 1612 1552 1099 1768 1612 1496 871 1496 1918 1693 1752 1886 1763 657 1903 1908 871 1970 2065 1356 824 1022 S44 305 INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS & = & eee eee Nate A NO OF Oro * o TOK HOOT EE OMY Ay shoe B nd wey at wns HD BD HS BAR spor SF RE oor, MAME RR BH Rat at ea pee 5 RaA ase SR os Mb e HS Rd wns Bb Fat at 950 2068 1356 305 1318 922 1415 922 2076 2150 886 886 1162 1921 2198 1351 24 456 305 456 1849 997 1098 1675 1568 356 1098 1467 1954 250, 195 185 185 185 1633 958 1792 1633 1334 1633 79. 632 958 632 bbe eA BAT Ca) a pe mo DAVAD DAS > ped DES bab DDE BD Dare < bid Dd me DED ae Bes May BS xB aS xe SN aA 353 1792 1053 943. S61 qs 584 1668 1275 1552 1240 172 1125 s2t 269 1240 1073 72 392 2137 1804 174 imi 427 1214 433, 1521 1398, 1697 959354 DENS ae be DIS wE5 pte De De DER wSAS DES DLE BLS ALD ast at eit Daeg DELD ate ten Dee ard pRE pret D pet S pret ¢ DEBS rte S ene i % RWB RD HS = ca geoggs ooo BS PEERRA Sse Oe do" + BU mA o aE a5 Bn 2213 1931 1595 1697 789 71 1369 1931 1131 1131 2154 61s 1070 1675 1675 1949 876 1081 591 270 1663 1074 1663 1316 1943 1032 1901 451 612 191 875 1673 158 1831 1981 791 1756 1756 71 REMEMBERING THE KANN II PRIS DRED DDS pbrbb ho poe p25 bot bo me ate DEL oe Lis DETTE bRoT oA phe wo Des ws me to at PERS eds DAD cd Dt med FOOT aS EPSES eNOS PeeRE See AAV UTe RO Bot 4acc aes Fae os o oe xe o rs FHP KIBSGKTS RARE SABRE + 204 88 88 B14 661 715 ni 1380 PES pot ap OB De bar oh and po Pd abd tbat ad ¢ pbt bbb webb dA DAB D PANEL DAT D tad owe Aw a oe ea Ok 04 0 oe 2% fet & Ca td XB He we a & ne eed a Be a bd a ee w< a bt E Kod BbS bs bs ¥eBSES BMH Gea AAAne > » o INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS 1395 1355 1241 317 1498 637 S17 a7 7A 1420 1218 ma 1832 1418 109 1631 268 1155 1590 b Hb OR Ba ah a ET Ok The ATER BA TELE EC oo 5 sf ke a VERT BF OT ss sss oS Sy so o nok eo OF o o + Dh a oy A ers MOS ne Oe MES HD BH ROD BOS Bod HOB wd Be Bot a 1538 1147 1375 1617 1671 277 549 1880 1676 1308 1040 1836 1873 1942356, ‘REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS 357 (ae BS RB (bPLA ERLh i m tb * 539 (ene Bre B (BLU Bin” ae we ie 168 EOS ibe 62a cb S 606 BLE Ble 1219 tRB BAS 18 TPL fel 1618 R 63 25 ” 145 Cth ee 1770 Ca 612 cB KD 1033 mo 1m2 cas WS 1673 % 588 ae 631 m> 3 te Be 6a BK BRS 660 (a9 ES 1833 2 9BS 2 1419 wi 8818 we oe OwOk Oh 04a oh oko ob ok ke 4oahor S IITAA Oe o SHES Gs ao doe Ao oy 4 Ok aby oF a4 a4 04 oF aha Ok 04 04 1 oF 4 8c bk AOC cere root sere atk ee RFD ok ab oF ob ee SoG ow > 5 ae SB hs: RS BOS FOS RS te EAD HSS ie at at HS et Hdd RS md eb tS EDD 70 1765 1661 144 1008 REMEMBERING THE KaNHt II tb soe SbS Cuy u Labe Lorna Loa Le Lb L< Lia Ls Utes Use Ldts Laos R BO BA MES SESRES EEE SS Sin SN O88 08 1S 1062 1993 1864 256 INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS Lt Las Le LAS Let Les sore & aed 2 gAo o cee cooee & 4c Dasa OF o s tsi ah +2 tz tA tet tH T= EA a¢ me & wre & Es Ra BI at as EDS We BS BS HS + a a Bxe BC BUS wr me a es a £ am Fie = sae Bees fo Perse AA 694 1584 1519 415 463 212 212 1144 1736 1710 1519 1736 475 463 958 265, 89 1531 1401 401 The TENS TIC tS th TNS $to tat t> tae te te be ThE phe tbe cal wo DEO ene By BOS aL acs tite os RLY ae hb D WHOS Hw BS Rnd BEIC tS me BAS 49 wet ett a BD EL ae ab BS RS a end Kee be wefib & ae Mo Hew’ e Rot RS 646 1860 996 1260 291 291 291 91 116 1746 1277 1052 REMEMBERING THE KaNut IT RS AB ket ERS tem tebe reDile DED PBS REP a ¥ HAS HAS BLS Ss = wns iio BE Be o3 tH em dor SPDs oe Se wae BeAR 4 1862 1570 1905 843 1688 2182 2182 414 414 157 618 1325 1709 1709 1924 i 1 a> > R2 #2 ao ae BR Ba i ft Bd LTS oS Wied INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS 730 1553 406 1581 740 1688 1720 1798 1720 1798 374 369 791 1553 406 ™ 593 1491 1658 1022 1022 1480 1480 1068 468 975 1040 548, 232 1861 m2 1915 1914 ami 2060 438 1059 294 16 1688 865 1480 736 336 & v SEEEST o ir otigt ot otot otut se a up Pe OO Fk def DbOe OF gst otat ut otek oot BOTH ororst vr ot Hee TECH v ne Rod>T HS DB wot KS 361 336 2082 357 1863 1643 1683 or 909 1360 141 1898 1421 3421362 REMEMBERING THE KAN IT INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS Qhbt bt 1560 20 a Cel 5B 3 8 346 308 Be ee be oe a 660 SS R 1754 é + sn Ee DS R&S 1898 Ditk 7 642 ial 1837 EO 36 AC O Oe x 1888 zie meg: i oe. i 1615 ie a 636 g5 mo uy “ a 1689 3 x 1903 E50 " sie ER #0 Wn RS Bie 8 roe emp ERB o¢ Re cee 7 e a 1798 BC 18579 tr Be 879, coER ae ro 4 wo 1502 fit 160 he 1s EH ate a 330 Bt 765 be # me at ROS 1398 ra 738 Lah ae a6 ooo? DORD HS Bo iC me 1310 bet ay om) Eee 26s fe gl 26 IK 610 Lee as 928 DRM are Best 29 wo 487 HS gos a cee mes wR ES ane HOS 8 Dee MLS 765 ee ss 7 BROS 1089 oF BE 2185, eS ws bid HOS 16 2B * oes mo (ST . ROS 6 Dre ila oe Ri ose EBRD aye Sie ms ores BES — 950 oe her) ‘* 4 652 DES Se e 2 ee a ae ‘ We Ge Bhne #9 136 DbRS 2 gon DARD BRS 1136 Dom ge ns 52 ie wos kD DhbS SZ 136 25hS Bhs ig & s 25 £ 987 3 529 eee Fi 95k e272 bee 163 @ 651 is aH > 1166, HS mes Be 330 ose PS eV TT eee aS 153 ON] c pues we 4B Cty toe we 2h EK Doe a 1486 EEC BC ae aaa a wR # 1052 EGR MOS 625 nea 22 av te 4 21 eecee BS ar DED KS 15% TH 1433 ea? oo ees Dette MLS 412 tht Mot 679 Be i DEBS BOS 192 TH RB 79 zbore WAS GH Be BOD 1243 thé Hd S71 eee “oe oe 412 the nS 67 eeee BRS HBR om is 794 bey e 1980 on % 983 Ene BS 1980 ETex4— Reapmnes 365 REMEMBERING THE KANJI II Ie eas cal Ob & 981 wt BS kB 9 979 OES Was 146 we 1099 BS 1084 29 #9 352 WS — 1596 HS 15 kot St isn Bat tert 2054 OU WES 146 th 59 RSP 301 mbes fine 2054 HES — 1596 ti 60 RoC OI 1938 me Prag 2054 ONS ENS 1596 an mh BDe EK 8s ape mo 1395 RNS 316 x NB 1938 5 ont ES 1657 ms OB mB 1174 ae eee ORES EeS 1657 EL 166 BS 1811 22 997 DIES £4 1657 KOS 1 ene wns 391 a at 6 Re su BZ 15 kb a mm ie i 818 geo Eyota she ne S, i 2 Bete % (I 106 b mm < 1811 ee mae ie =e ime TAL Re 359 cc) tal BOS 359 ced BA 1473 4 107, Bhd LOB cl 853 i B it 2B Bee mB < 182 (CAB 1361 # 95 a ae HITS 1678 cdi 119 1321 # 1 lis 2 (cat 1173 Ea mO 814 a 1847 Med 2 IcHe 207 2S Rot 253 sit 1967 ae cs ey 2 1873 ae Bi 230 it cd be 7 1192 x wet 1m ICS LH 1192 pS be a Be. AS 1561 & 44 ICS 1192 oye BS 49 hk RA 1699 fi>Ln 389 KC BLO 1192 ae BS 253 «ARS HAS 1699 gale se ictte BS 1173 #2 104 eee 10 399 EF 8 1889 RLS BOS 39 ES a 1889 BATS acs z 696 + 968 ICL a 1047 oa aot cmt 110 £2 968 ICL a 2141 aa a BS HD 2066 ICL — 603 oO e 954 tt OD aod 49 co 106 cL > tt 627 out or 1B GhS BS 956 +0 968 Ica % 1741 oe Ane 13 aS 49 & M KES 9d n7 O® ra 1274 WS 267 BOS 1265 Ca oot un Bp ol BS 494 98 82 ICES HS 2071 ae AS 1m mz 669 a 1938 IPS Ket 1361 Des REb 362 RS a Bw Be We 1784 Wes mi kk me ¢ 1898: B 1902 HS 1361 oxt m¢ 1027 wo 1027 Hoh 403 cb i 214 ott ab 18 m< ue ind 399 be a 405 te 1700 RIF LS hkl 1319 a 399ht LOS ass atts atne ae Whe ihted> they ied RES no ae CS we ae ee eat met srt iB wx KE te % HES me MoT HDS & HO #S HES KL Bwe SSS2E> Bod o at 4 Ad #HABS SLSSS S Be o BRR RP a4 2067 2067 110 617 1823 1067 291 291 1967 293, 2005 1268 1692 1692 1268 1332 2005 1757 2005 2005 553 962 1861 962 589 1253 1967 301 586 763 589 760 1092 760 65: ut 1151 1800 947 508 REMEMBERING THE KANHI IL nro RR HE Hee L ans aha as Be ied ite aC ae hen Bee et ees POS to 59 boo ib he ang fo) Onte O4B OODLE OwL Omd One oe BERS o¢ Ko Bete HELO nd wen B as 508 844 844 508 868 2043 1109 109 746 182 1125 1822 1835 1023 1674 70 1835 1835 1023 812 72 2118 81 17s 1794 66 81 S61 97 1789 1134 1868 1988 937 1100 1100 2171 525 1806 1861 INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS ain O¢ts D6 BS Oe One OzLe OL oth aad ORT oD ORS Doe oo oe DEL BED OER aed oud ot oo DoS oe Dead ort OS oo< O60 oe OSBAT DABLD DaK Od DARD oade DAES USOS 1b ES (ib B z Be ALY z ae a at ke me o BERaER | > ae Oe ae 46 o Bert Ea at + wat & FS at me he m9 Kad KS hed hod 153 153 153, 648 1806 2157 639 2182 1359 1270 2055 2055 1813 830 830 83 C4) a BRD bile bit bbEd be aS & a GAAAAN wos Ee ogo beeb bebe bh acm Bet Fe am Es BAS LS REL Ve . SESH e o wet 367 2147 1323 1191 1796 1796 1796 2130 197 2075, 2075 1966 1966 an 1146 863, 1315 1694 774 2182 1309 2182 1 454 wm 1549 1684 1 1916 1100 19 389 19 2185 823, 2185 823 275 360 2175 1323 1191368 REMEMBERING THE KANE IT INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READINGS 369 aD & 1803 teh an 1877 tubs Xbb on aE % 1060 bo HRB 733 HDD BOS 1877 at a 510 HE a 1754 i 1792 ws 284 Ht 91 RELOD 683 bd ie 1256 kG fi 1165 atl RLY 157 RSH & 28 Ble 1609 HED ia 63 AUS RES TM. HBS @ 626 BO SO 7B RS we 1532 BES 1647 FASE ® 2284 @> Bi 2 303 tk x 609 ALA in 144s "> 1808 1k we 37 thks BC 1585 AE iB 499 BORE BAS Bl iBS0S MES 579 4b a 1459 AE ak 979 bat at 1256 ALES RiES 579 cl 1384 AT DH wi 1216 SNS AAS — 1866 22 ws 181 AFG AS 945 = a 184 cal f° 1034 AE JB 1010 ioe x 585 Boks a 989 AAD RES 1013, AER Were 1984 a 1129 top BD 532 AE w 13 ARTA FCS 1984 w 923 BODeE 1050 BRS Wet 1636 nic Ea 18 5 1840 £98 RS 582 BAT Ay 1045 Abt MoS 1607 mt 396 ze 8 129 BERS ANS 1045 aS 2S Mm th * 325 ae a 307 AD a 2m BS 1607 tS Bd 496 Ed BO 1550 BOK aS 335 #9 8 325 2uE fit 1399 AS WL — 1636 tA a 1012 ake BH 960 HD 2 ced tat fet 902 engine NS tr HOC Re 120 Ht 1606 th¢ aC 680 ADD 2 is Da 916 BHD feb 902 4HSL 4g 2061 REDD 31 ih 330 BED 5 573 2H g 153 BED i 297 a 2128 $8 MS 1812 BOS FS 516 AE 378 ODS HS 1807-28 % 1703 2 ia 2M REE ie 1004 iam a 962 & 179 rd 9 1550 AEH 6 1842 ie > Bom» 890 BRET Bot 383 22 2 BO ARBRE % 813 fe x RQ BF S5bLEO H5bLV3—3 BBV uv HL HICK Be 1976 fee #1 UB $¥bbt Mbt 39 Hu 97 Ada cf 353 HES BS on zene Bre 383 2B0% AHS BH AOS RB 1629 EL a 706-8 ¢ aC 179 bt Bt 1087 AH x 1834 (Li LY 1489 BS HO 1606 tb) wD 1533 A = 2106 at FF 12 BTS mee 1812 2b2 a 1087 PE a 990 en fie mae Ea 874 BS BS 1013 ES ld vm 2c! m 1170 cay ee 1656 ees a 1928 3S E 1204 kote HS 1489 22a 1S 715 a = 2 Cbd Re 8 41 224 RES 6” a 1620 leew th 1083 BES 1647 & 1629 i A a7 aeos tet 1299 2LKD RAB ON i} 65 be « 37 faa % m2 2S RCS on BAD A 1013 dD Bh 1680 Row R 2029 RES 1647 aoe e¢ BB bhAD BAS 1116= INGS 371 6 R sGreEoa INDEX 4 — JAPANESE READI vw SL 137) oY 8 288 BAL + 1494 ce) srte etn ‘at o> 5 2053 EY z 1786 PLAS RS 1452 Bw B 2052 ag HK 1650 * 2059 eLS # M1 eS BoC (475 uins Boe 991 ® 29 eo Bu 32 wR mS 475 US fat S 1650 & 1338 ets K2S 157 WS ln 2062 we s 239 85S BUS 1416 ee th M4 wae aC 475 wes 25 1650 854 > 144 ets iS 1574 SBT at 1654 lL @ 2022 4AB WAS 441 a R 11599 «Wate ab 2062 ut RT 964 OSB mS 21g gp 47 BBS Bos 2002 UTHLO BLY 16 OL Cit BUC 563 —— RO 159 BWSPh = ED 475 BE fe 880 OF ey 441 ee a 42° nd HENS 475 bre in B5 sbnS Fee 1643 PED Fa 520 bbs’ HDR 880 bo x 7° 4D HO aM eed wat a2 a 967 woo AD 9 boee a 1468 PES aS 492, te 7 BORCh BELLY 240 Boies BS 1051 PEE am 1890 te 269 bose Ba 240 be F 50 PER BS 1423 Bw 1830 be = 867 x 298 PENS ONS WB ro " 78 a 1960 * 986 mane — 1061 BY 46 th 287 a 1255 ee i 985 we 486 i 867 bE * 1255 RPE Wi m4 55 aS 1159 # 1960 BEF RS 2187 eb fit 274 BS 888 ub # 1 BEDS KOS 230 PBR HOS 988 re ti 403 ba BMS BED RS 2187 ebb Rom 1007 Let Bt 1676 Ubse e., 2 te ® 397 Kos 2006 PENS ne 166 uot x 836 bn kbmw 107 FL 4 Bh Br us ae 3 172 we Bob 2064 TES Bt, 219 une ENS 1964} Red 4st ebot MOC 2 raed ay 262 Sne Ms erat HS 1664 Phos MTS Bw x9 > 967 ws 2 4 bt RSP 191 foo mw 967 8b = 516 co) TE FE 1860 Co) # 1674 ru ae 196 bd RS ‘1175 » eo 1373 i 1105 » Ed 3 RS 1911 wo a 2130 rw wR 284 a 129 HS RNS 1911 Ho $80 «ES & 1830 Eg BS bh a 1027 we & 217 ws 905 te 523 on i 1865 BS 219 woe he 1559 ced we 2 2201 «LSC K EE 1859 wd KS 1948 we Ht 2238 «kb BY 1782 %oL i 93 A 119 HC Mb ED Bre 172 oF it 5B K 211 wsHe MSES 475 bos Bos 1782 Bt on Ez 1820 ots BTS 4S Lbs Be 1782 BFL BLY 1949 x 281 ote BZ 2 rh iy 967 e¢ 8% < 1681 wee s 1446, PITS BITS 16813n2 tb) bb bat bho bbe bans be bs bit be be bibu REMEMBERING THE KANII IT bTo9 bt obs bTHs Syse ot AP RASH PO ES RS 2 a SSR Gy o amg 2143 2143 1184 1871 1662 409 409 582 1783 1971 88 881 1704 338 86 881 INDEX 5: Cross-Reference List ‘The purpose of this final Index isto facilitate cross-reference between Vol. Land Vol. Il. The Index is laid out in the order in which the kanji ap- ‘peared in Vol. I (regular type), followed by the numberof the fist frame in which that character appears in the present book (italics). The kan- 4Ji—with its Japanese inflection where applicable—and readings are set 10 the right. we BED BRO ar BO a R22 t t2 Eh i290 wo [2 90 mR tr eh x bo #2 02 968 +, ae 42 &RO 4 2O m9K & A 82 RO 90 KR r5 909%. zto nD FtODd 971 1556 561 546 1862 41129 215 86 320 354 436 308 1582 £ + a 8 B A a a B a & a rs oo dcr = @ a Bs 8 8 a a a a 5 cy eee ee + & * o 8374 REMEMBERING THE KAN IT INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE LIST 315 6 BER he 54 584 aw deo bd 144 726 ti os HES Wte 57 WB BAB RB 106 MOTD FL ew BAS BAS HOS KEOS Hee aeS PL Fee 146 109 i wd 2 5816 SSG BS AB 107 960K BE 47 HES EBB 2B 7 tr 539 298 ee Kole BFC WHS EDS 32 S82BS bRS 60 585 BH ae Kev BREW 148 1216 ATOH 33-2173 we 68 1606 15 BS 108 8H bE 149 267 WS hd 34 272 Te BS tht 109 2123.7 wo 150 987 + ae 35 1005|B ho AUS 408 110 5878 Le 151 1893 uk < HRS 36 MSHS AFH 66 585m, ar im 92h | «te 153 588.58 at 37 9 La © 1129 Fe Rh 154589 sa ae ab Lan 70 1565 Ld 200 5910 P b¢ 201 592 Hi) es 202 593 18 ke 203 594 BAT 204 1167 ¥81 BD WS 1324HAS FRB Mb’ dbs 206 2185S Dot HNS pra 208 159745 be 209 263 48 Bu 210 5301 Dik 211 986 4 ve 212 7H AL aK 213442 HE cra 217 284 te 219757 5% aL bd BLbd 220 759 tk ase 22 595 Ds 23 568% ba 224 18368 cs RS RYVELW CoLe Ble <4le BLORKL LOS EY Kite Be CHS 27 181% OF Hts otte HOS Ota REMEMBERING THE KANII IT Woo OF MS 228 1839 3 231 696 22 07 HN’ oy 234 278 + to ony soe ff 235 1168 4% L KD 236 1172 Bk 237 1171 Bed 238 1685 240 1727 KA 242 996 HK 243° 517 HE HS 244 280 Sti 245° 977 2487 926 It 248 245 Ud 246 Hd 253 1074 & 9 @bt bee HHHAIO DESY AT Heme AAR FOO MI WH SHH E Le As OSS ee 4c o & foe a 256 548% 257 1869 259 1135 Bi BHA 260 1833 35 BERL CB 263 989 &< 266 997 Ea 267 1128 #8 ¢ 268 1332 Be 269 984 & 273 2189 5% 274 1725 St 276 925 He Eur 277 334 278 335 ah A Oe OOT te SgIT a a Ry 2 ov RV SPAG Bw SOAS OHO HY 64 LIES eo os S o BoUd INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE LIST 279 596ait. ou 281 9288S = OLB 22 91S = ERS 283 BRS OMT BhS OBHS wat (cot BIS ICTS 284 18219 HID eT 2 285 198K BSB 286 955. cat 287 1672RRS DKS BAS Obs UNS ONS 290 1012 ii 2h 291 1351% BORO 295 1359 #8 Oe 296 484 ao 297 174610 kom 299 1356%bS BSS Bit BET 302 S20 AES 303 1067S LTE 304 1807 DAT D 305 20528 ww 307 414% fete Br kd HES KES BOS LDS 310 371 DRS 313 217R#LO TFL we th 315 1917 «te 317 153318 tbd 319 140 shou 323 10367 = 9 NS OND 324 900% RA 325 1849 HAD BIELD HOS wes 33 326 199A SHAD RA A 327 959 HS 328 1863 i 329 1703 330 116 ib 331 106i kn & 333. 1217 Ae 334 884 HCD 335 1599 39 348 1105 wht 349 1531 BSB wo WAe 352 180 ai 354 1059 AS BAD 359 74] AED RS 360 2212 1% 361 1174 BS 362.117 3631176 365 579 MU mies 366 1607 ROS BS 368 1260 9 369 1259 8 30 20 kk > 37 Raat AST Ab IC Ben gts378 3 17S Bw BC BBC 31S 139TH (bRTS 379 OIELM RELY iS eeT iE ae 381 1050 gopce 382 360 Ed» Sth Hts tHtS BBS EROS 384 1757S ALD 389 6H AS THA ay et 386 954i BEEK 387 1973 RS TRA wy ey 390 1486 Sit DOH 391 406 OD KD BCS KTS 392 1596 HES OIF HES OFS ENS OXR 394 1634 BE BUTz 395.2139 #8 be 396 3K cae 37 MORK IES BO kD 398 262% = «EERO 399 1936 He a6 400 388 Lt BAS Che 401 9sKR Sbr Rnb Sdib 42 S68 Le 403277 23 404 1692 9) au 0 it Mob LBB me how MGT ECBT 405 818 #5 no 406 343 HAL 6 407 746 fi ieee 410 597 eS REMEMBERING THE KANJI IL 411 2141 412 848 it 413 849 ti 415 456 BOS 416 457 417 1152 WAS at 420 1005 a eae Wt Wea 422 1545 Hi i 423 1843 424 2178 Be 425 1896 426 265 Hi 427 1803 & 2B 54K R 429 293 431 1553 LD UTA 432. 2125 it ¢ 434 127 9 BA 436 1571 i 437 598 tit 438. 1875 439 1010 9 442° 161 HS 443 158 444 599 445 549 dk 446. 1860 if 8 cae HS 44721 NS 449 373 H 450 1647 BED RLe icLe INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE List 451 1212 < 455 287 456 289 Si 458 1031 #2 460, 1305 461 1101 463. 1155 ed te ¢ 464 712 466 1697 KS KS 467 2130 1% 6 468. 1844 Hk < 3 469 108 wb< ba BRD ee 5% am port pos £5 ae Dee a tes ia 5D 410 2064 Kt Pi bm Kod Room AT 666 RE 472 601 474 667 415 669 BD 47 163 389 479 1022 # 480 1301 483 433 484 432 435 1182 CT 488 418 Hee KF HD 439 1183 AE 490 1316 5 491 1312 HITS 2 2a¢ vik pate hoe Dbbd BE A (be ae she a Bo bot and ote pte SHRTS 493. 1317 FLW PALLY 495 1318 HRS REINS ns RRS 496 508 td LET HD hRO HNS BENS 497 1319 BLY WAIT LM 498 1395 BEC ag 379 499 1058S ES 500 4B | THEM see OT 91 AT SR ey et MLD HAD 503 1193 BK 504 937 ® OL 505 1960 Be & bh 06 1327 KB CED 906 1 ey EERE 509 1676 83 LH RAS LAB RES TBS Roe tS 510 41 BRS bLO ws $8t Res eT 514 602 kb 516 1288 8 wit 317 2022 bl 518, 1928 8 ERD si a0 520 603 &L ee 522 1553 BY ED 523 1668 # eee 1070 Fi » 524 1070 a 325 4G mak HES F 526 Bee RTS wed SCT 2B BoE 58 161 32 BORBS 529 at | LOT 330-95 2 oot 53397 %8 bb 5341927 fle po 536 1924 % KR 537 604 wee 538 1549 BR aie 540 1881 ETS ETS380 REMEMBERING THE KANT IL INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE List 38 S41 BIKAR BS tbs 20 924 His POLY BTS HILT LIT 542 284 1% 5881010 I Bat 633 700 RS = Lied BRE BLO RO Loe 590 214 We (eb GH 1999 HI ED Re BLE 545 102038 592. 1865 Hk By HAS CRS 9 136% F9 oes He ee es 99 EF BRST — 690 BRI = BOMD M7 M9 = BDL 593 136 8 Ba 7 1052 FO 1 961 x nO S48 4 ELM FOC LY 504 138K BS = < 694 863 ab 550 1455 LK LUBE m9 307 ORE 750 1008 EB SB 732 38229 BS 153 147 BR kB 154 1025 BA 156 1997 KF RT 787 1559 in fenivs 79 141 FD tO ACS LETS 161 917 HTB BCS 64 15 tet AES HHS LHR’ 166 2023 BS TEOHF 167 S71 WS CH ws eS 768 98S PE EHTS OFS ods doe Sh ESTOS Ok TE OL, deovorot $Y SSSSS Rte CU AE REMEMBERING THE KANT Il 710 1732 eb T1735: 3h 773 610a * oe Tm 35sine (FNS a cot ™ on BL 7 612% ae 79 161A WB ANS wns RE hod 0 6ia dis be BSS FHS Bl 95RD bo BDL bid BNE DPR] BIS bos 782 USTRLY EFLY 784 1015 8 BROOD 785 1481 Bs 42 788 1491 Ric 789 MO BEES BUELS BUS BUS M1 AGS LGB we kK Bot Lay 2 1489 KL HELIA HPS Mote 794 822 mad 75 82d 9 799 983% oA s ue 800 1338 & 802 1418 bb 80318 Be Ie 806 423 HS PHS ane PENS 807 MI HS LOLS 808 RF ORT b oO 810 163 ze 811 223 MES RET MAD HRB 813 70 BK BK RS 204 INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE LIST 815 1743 Fem La 816 1807 HS (EDU 817 1585 BK Bere < 818 1834 AA 819 466 MS LS 820 1467 BO BREE BL M6 HS Foes 822 1469 BS LB 823 2005 HR HS BESO HUS KLS BLY ETH LY 327 1590 BKC 828 389 Ra Lir ROMLE Bale Lomly BOS ROS eo OK LED 831 1552 ROD 832 1922 << 835 189 BF CTT BS CS 88 84 KOE 842 2137 HAS WAD Bbs ws 844 2182 He OL BE 06S B45 1061 5 OLED M9 613 BO 350 490m 852 876 Hie PLE 853 875 Blo ticle 854 1700 is OEE 857 225 itr CE 858 567 1 bh 859 950 8 a ee 861 699 BS 204 862 1415 HS RED 864 753 HOS PHOS 865 193 HHS DLOBD 866 2067 HET ease a 367 25 By, Boks mbe (bbs 869 870 emt 873, 876 377 879 883 888 890 393, 894, 397 898 901 902 907 910 ou 914 915 916 383 789 Bs RIS 614 We 305 HT et Het 974 AC ad 1623 1% Be 368 HD LHD HAS LEAD 1034 5 4D 1420 Bi on nO Oo I9BSLOS THLOD Rod cbt ba EDS ow > 3% BRC PES 461 ee Rite woo Heh LTOPD MSC Pbb¢ MEWS PHOS 175 BF DT 482 Kk be 43h BAS ONAD 1662 peel 998 HS ODD wo 4K BK 237 B zL 2128 & 1908 Fi ba B we Wis &> bed & pie B € ~ 1868 HTS VWTH 199 Bert Tod BC + ayes ToS 153 BD BED384 919 920 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 947 950 951 953 954, 955 956 957 960 962 963 964 965 539 148 ® 1968 *5 1888. 1550 389 495 Bh 1708 ® 1663 HAS 1907 i 1451 8 B30 KiB 232 231 5 2036 i; 1783 9 Re os & 616 1899 th 617 1103: 1166 fi 139 FLO IGS] BR BLD 1617 &< 962. 618 AL 995 tite £49 1578 fi 60 Ah 1084 4 141 2B 2182 Rt B aS 136 fhe 9 BAB fab} 1083 4h 1574 KE Ke ey tr AMS Ds aio ae BC at DELS aL at BEwd RE $i. Re REMEMBERING THE KANJI II DS 966 1241 972 71 HAD 974 407 tt? ds 975 268 fi) 976 1435 fF 978 1321 bit ‘i 979 509 fit 9 980 527 ft ane 985 1340 1D 987 1664 Mi 989 1306 18 & 990 909 i 9 991 865 tb 993 481 Rnd LY 995 492 Ti at WS 996 1375 1% 2 B mir 997 16 kD 998 2184 HS 1000 69 ft < HOS 1003 902 f+ EER 1005 269 KAS Rd Ke oy 1006 271 #8 1007 270 $8 1008 110 fet» Gib 1009 1H 7 1011 1756 #8 ¢ mid 1012 106 fa @ 1013107 PTwoe md rELD eb ab Show bre BR #59 ket end DRS eiet BRED Dd kxrD tons RELY ee PED PER at Wo d bre nD ROS o¢ ob tot thate DAD wpe r La ACAD b> had woe he tet ¢ DRED RIC RA ic INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE LIST 1015 1314 1016 43 1017 619 1019 944 1021 273 1023. 73 1024 574 1026 2154 1027 620 1029 1784 1030 929 1031 621 1033 2024 1034 1026 1035. 456 1036 1008 1037 1830 1039 622 1043 392 1045 1259 1047 1795, 1048975 1050. 557 1051 1137 1052 2060 1054 2233 1055. 545 1057 714 1058 1820 1059 1873, 1061 303 1062 623 1063 1220 1064 624 1067 1886 th ALY mB ia fa] a m Bot BS ne ca & a US tea E 8 ee zh i kK & 8 RAB sa ee o as MM Ew SRS sok pied o asl dia So & oF * Byanage otor o 1 Fy 0 He ae ae & bbes He ae e were bt SRA + RO ONS dun oO ss ¢ o SAB BONS BEM Ca o ni 385 1068 1911 Hi BB HHS ons & 106917312? $27 1071 1898 RAF Dh R&B OBB ore 1062S? BEF 1073 1069 i be 1075719 FE OS 1076 1837 * & 107 1901 ate 1078 1315 Hi be 1079 160 58 BO 10812187 RF BET RA %kS 1082 1902 Ba 1083 5209 = PED 1084 527 AD DADA 1086 1744 BT LOS 1089 1279 5 = bd 1092 941 # PLA 1096 359 tr CS BOS LCEOS 1099 447 8 aD 102 532 %D Bob BR 422 N04 4539S FB ne Ths mos 4 th EL 1107 1346 i BRD 1108 1350 4 tt m0 625 HC EEK MGS LEDS 111 2147 && Ba 1114 1693 HERB PERS By AUIS 626 ss BSE 1116 1945 FB M7 4 OOS # aa 18 46 HILT OS WES OS 119 145 a386 cid * 1120 1670 $+ 121 760 Rie 1124 763, 1125 2198 1127 995 B we # At Bi c tA 1128 1998 #8 1129 1014 io 1130 1633, w a i & ne 1132 2194 it < 1133 1981 & 9 1136 1581 Wi ter i 1139 1653 BAB 142 91 fr 1143 2201 = 1145 2058 n> 1146 1029 1147 1970 1148-251 1149 252 1150. 253 1152 1027 1153953 1s4 835 1156 1107 1157 470 1162 847 1163845, 1164 1905 1167 1967 1169 1636 & & ESESPSVSRE HS kT ¢ & GRAN vas MES ord fey BERD bat ORT ORS abt BS BK BCR BRS BotD ce ao a us wen wha RAB &L a Bre BRD REMEMBERING THE KANII II Woe 1171-1847 8 1172 1812 HAS BOF 1174 176 itt 9 175. 17 ih © 1180 956 1181 1643 FB 1183 1767 2 & WS 1184 1494 1 1186 1498 fii b & 1187 1496 t# Liz tL BB e tHS 2S bo ze dd VHS thkAdD ZtDS EPL woo ble BLY 189 55 KODS SoS Kkobd DoDD Ea e + BA 1190 627 ‘it 1192 1963 BB 1194 468 IE 1195 409 BE RS 1197 197 ¢ 1199 198 i 1200 1681 1 < TS 1201 2179 BE 1202 166 It 1203. 169 19 1207 1791 & BS 1209 775 i> BS 1210 774 te 1212 1943 1215 1157 ZL 1216 628 = 1218 1628 1219 1085 #8 120.2126 4 1221 294 iD 123 9 HB oF wy owe AAU OF om OM ms ¥ o HD Kok to THOS POAT oa BY AME SE Am ART SGOT o a INDEX 5 — CROSS REFERENCE LIST 387 1251202 FRE 12571361 RPS (CORT 1226 1007 Hb» wb m RS (CB £Obn Pho be RAB (ChB 1227 1283 HBA DLBB 138 1365 ¥ LM WETALY 1228 1244 BBD BF BSbT 1230172 BF DAT 1260 1368 Bis HO BE BLE 1262 1366 98 HOLL 12312053 3 WH 1263. 629 aes 1232 1806 #16 < 1264 1369 WTB DVB 30S OWS 1266 21KRES ULES 12331874 BLS Hib! LiL} 1235 952 Be DEL he beh Bos sins 7 mHRS WEES Oe 1268168285 BD 1236 1782 Hn kbs 272 129 fe gor Bre bso 1273 128 ce BA Lbws 1274 1708 & bb BS Ibs 125 6712SB BES 12372015 Wish bist BRB ELAB WK DS RES 2cS 1238 1683 fhep Dupt bb tlds 1240 544 BEDE Rb mbt WA 21 Be RCH RD pd 1243 1892 HbA CS 1276 673 HS BK 12441977 BS (kEB UD 3368S td 1245 1676 He RR RD kt Bs ond BOB KDB Bbblo ObbLo B BL Bt red 1280 337 BS 9 RET BNS LTRS og) ag [s Bn GHZ 1283 449 aM 1246 27 BRE BRAD 1284 11609 BAS ihvsd 1247 1028 BF 9 OF wa be BR 9298 12852076 WS BED 1248 1620 12872175 BBLS HELD 1249 506 HS WH Me by 1250 507 MS SPS «1288-422 iA WSL 16 ZnB BVA 1289 423 RB FAB EE WIS Hob ROOD 1252 1546 BAD DADMAD 1292 216 Hh at 1254 871 HAS PLAS 1293 21S BH BHD kbs BEDS m2 Sto 1256 936% 4D WES TRS388 wep pet 1294 1238 Be Sab 1296 533 Bb 1297 256 4 SHS 1302 1309 BRC ab 1308 1792 BS hd DS edS At PAT 1311 1980 bay BS End 1312 1984 [RS NHRD CS ARTS 1313 2213 BS > BAS Dina 1315 2068 fi DVD Mne -ELEHS 1316 1805 1317 556 tb BOR BUS ao Bs Sb 1318 1988 2 OAD B19 1675 BK OK 1320 40 RS BbHwS 1323 630 CE 1324 4 HHS LIS 1325453. hE 1326 2049 HHS SHwS BiS koto 1327 1765 RS RAT RE 2D 1328 1796 Ri ilo RES ADRS RS Aids 13292127 fay 13302025 ff fet 1332 1822 kt 13332174 #0 ak 1334 934 HS HB 1335 487 HS DK BD 1336 493 MES BEES Re bbb MOS BOD Mot SET REMEMBERING THE KANSI IT Wine bone 1338 369 fe rt 1340 463 ES LBS MS LYS 1343 1044 BS A 1344 966 #8 - 1345 1755 DOK Oe D3 1346 383 WSF BRST HSdLYO ¥5bLIO Bbobdd t¥bbt Ons tens 147 99 KNB TXB 1348 675 KS LIES BS LES BOS Lod 13801955 ts POEs 1351 880 #9 OD. HbA WLS es ETS 1392105318 BD WAS BAS 1355118 “ic aL Chk 1356 1612 WAS HAES MS BIOS ps7 B0 eS OES 1358 1247 HOF F¥OT BMObDLY t ESbLO Bbbdd t¥bbT ans tens 1360 7208S NB 1363 1770 iz Dt Mav Tip fie kth MS tS 1367 1871 it br 1368 1802 #1 an 1369 31 BB KB 1370 1592 HO OC 1371 297 & HED 1372 1916 aS 1373. 1186 #8 be INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE LIST 1375 522% ba 1376 1382 HS = LIZS 1377 1848 iD 1378 1637 Hr TR BID 981 = DH BE BS OLS ENS ONS B81 VR WS 1382 301 ide 1385 327 HAS RS dDLD 1386 529K DB 1389 209 KLe wot la 1392 873 RD KS DDD 1393 874 ET 1394 409 WEB trad BOS DTS 1396 429 BL 1397 632 $10 SL At wat 1398 943 0 BA, 1400 982 @ == OS 1404 686 HS SHS eet tt BY DBE BP OP Heat Vedt Hed OPT 2B OLS 1406 688 #0 1407 1790 Bis WS 1408 920 it kat | ERS WD PED 1409 922 Hib BED M2 FES 1410 815 RO DAD 1412 817 MSF Cot RS CB 1414 1615 WT M416 1154 ERT SPR fet SSR IV SPI’ 389 M17 82%CS BCS 1418 783 Bi hs 1419780 78 %0 1421 1890 #8) eae 14221915 8 Ree 1423 17 HES ERS WS EOS 1425 1731 F LaL 1426 1598 HF ET HS FS 3427633 7H a 1428 1661 78 a0 8 ah wp mast isle 1485 1866 FR 1533 1786 2 ue 1363 352 #5 © 9 i bed 153478 bb 1564 142 Rie ATT HS Hrd 1486 636 ot ee Baris 1565 1859 4 cease 1613 1842 ff BRA 1488 637 NS Pd 1536 83 38S es 15662073 HA WS 1614 644 #8 < toe 1491 667 tr MOS 50% 1568 1794 # = «LB 1616 1051 me be 13397 4H aT 1569 62 HF LE 4617 1037 le EM 1492 868 et tke 1538 81 MSS WSF 15711990 BCS PETS 9 &5 ne ene mine Bre 1572 1629 8 kh 1493 1609 BF CAT 1539 80 iis aiw RE BOB 1620 396 [i ane 14952071 ive IC aia WAS BLES 1573 797 BH TROD fa 2 Ba eee WHS BIOS 1576 473 HE DOL’ 1672 1594 BAC BK 1496 1909 FN 1540 82 ur 1577 412 HRS DERSD BoS S04 1097 988: iOS: S08: Be Lth 1579 1832 Rb Lo zt >bL BC BK 1498 638 TS 2S Uses me one! WS BOS 1500 851 eS OS LTOS 15801673 HL EthLY 1623159 AES LES 1501 853 HITS AS 1541 764 HBS LHS HO bk BOS LOS 1502 248 cu 1543 765 Hts Die 1581 1151 ae mes bet Bo bbe 145 641 IFS DTH 1582 736 HOF ROT WLS ELS HL SROLIO HS ObhS ENS tnd 1626 1009 BBS 1503 209 GRRE 1546 356 & OT 1584 738 0 Oe MELD SEAS 1504 252 Pe RT bobt 1585 362 HS OLD 1627 2003 #45 dd BLY LLY RNS BSdnS RE OB Ccion Ble LACE 1547 357 hbo 15871018 wt fli 940 1505 1696 ab 1548 1799 Biv waFin 15882075 ts Cir 1629 1443 WAS tetemd ee Lobe 1549 1652 R&S bee BOS BLDS 1630 472 <5392 1635 1430 tL #Lt 1636 983 1638 1437, 1640. 417 1641 1602 1642 1810 1643 1222 1644 1221, 1648 1270 1649 1273, 1651 1272 1652 1090 1653 1147 1654 1060 1655. 645 1657 1515 1658 1027 1662 2066 1663 1513, 1664 1068 1665 1480 1666 646 1668 1479 1669 1023 1670 1206 1671 135 1672133 1675 1625 1676 332 1678 333 H Ue # RES RBS he RH He Sess o 2 LARK QSH PHS s Se esray = ose is HS BPD BO eo AD cc BRL Ee Hke HRS a hat H< Hs v Fee or | HO ea Hee WARE ROO OS Baa & a OdLn rs te Re oe REMEMBERING THE KANJI IT 1679 1658 #4 1681 427 3% 1682274 #4 We 1688 1421 8 5 and 1690 921 file wits HIB 1691 852 #8 1695 2171 UE 1698 1473 1B 1700 1910 12.3 17011777 (ak ae 1702 1716 BA 1703 1444 1704 1447 HES at 1706 1554 Be & BRS 1710 1532 %B 1711 1032 ie 1712 1595 1713 647 14 244 BB 1716 648 1717 1804 1719 1966 We & te bene BS 1721 499 iB 1722 1768 tt & HOB 1723 1940 BL 1724 1656 BS 1725 860 1728 649 1731 1539 Fete wet 1735 1022 EL ele 1736 1078 % en ee £2 et Dbot Shins Bile bre WkoS ce oF ROB BERS bee BEC UDLD ORS pat th ThA FRNS i pte Ded Diy oe WBER oe be boot BORS B02 Aw BES BEDS SFSLY BS ba > te Fest OL ROL’ ce 1791 1722 & 1792 1026 1795 1194 3& 1796 1196 AD 1797 1814 1798 1754 1800 1024 i 1801 318 Hk < ene 1803 1195 4 LY 1804 1052 35: 1805 2046 lit w 1806 44 3 1807 1132 i 9 fit 1808 1955 tS 1810 1704 1811 972 FA 1812 1824 A 1813 1864 FS 393394 1814 1572 1815 1684 1818 1819 1822 1823 1825 1828 1829 1831 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1840 1846 1850 1853 W7 173 900 204 203 914 915 153 155 438 439 “a 63 650 62 990 431 374 1860 1880 1862 2061 1864 1866 125 4 1868 2785 1874 823 1877 838 18802174 1882 1817 1883 1320 1884 1033, Mme kK ied kop MS EDS BO BRO Mo bE MLS DEAD te & ob GS Rye Bit bi & ab HH fr Oth GES UC ED OS OC BS ie te Red Hels trio RS Abs WEARS Obte2 WES ODES’ HORS LORS Me kB HSbn’ Lobn a 96 mobs MD BEES HB RET BC Oud ‘i ae RAS BRAD Q FSL 9 SHS BD hd th oh be iB kA Bh ab a 8B i oe ROLLS AS Reet RE ERS REMEMBERING THE KANII II 1887 1003 Rid ma 1888 1727 71 & itr 1889 1903 & 1890 2150 HAS 1692 1098 @ 1893 1631 1894 113 Ht 1896 1741 a 1899 202 iB 1900 1964 2 Rot nh 1901 1747 KB 1902 1823 1903 1797 ft 1905785 3 1911 2055 13> BS 9B 590 € 1915 805 fe 1919 1941 HS % 1920 65 ela 1921 66 RS 1924 2008 1926 2059 1927 1915 1929 1057 te eS 1931 1861 # ¢ Ae a 19322124 Be 1933 1879 1935 399 tt eat te LEDS Ute ot bLDLB 2b By BOT ab <2 Ez tb BAS et boy DRE DRE DS we PTAC ST pee BAM LARA HOP Foy + INDEX 5 — CROSS-REFERENCE LIST 1936 1787 HL UL Ki BOSD 1937 1942 # gap 1938 1056 EIFS BIS HD BBB 1939 1877 Bh TH HOS ABS 1941 1838 EY 1942 1811 HK HK BS 2B BoP Rot 1943 651 = OB 194419299 EH 1945 652 oe 1946 653 ME 1947 405 HB = ED 1048 1584 LE 1949 1733 BE Be Hed Bhi dita RES SREB BSS BROS 1950 654 1952 2062 > DB ab war BOS BZOS 1957 779 Bi» Bip 1958 778 Bo FA 19591701 t= Sm Bd Sh5d 1961 655 fi aD 1962 795 i] hatin 1963 794 HO Oe 1967 475 HES WSEKS HTS OTS BoC OEE BS DS HSC BSC HPSS OTHS HAS One 1968 474 #8 pre Bo ORD 1969 1689 HK OK Ue oe 1970 420 BOA RATS 1972117 RNS 1978 1240 1979 656 88 1983. 471 KS mod 1985 1993 i © 1987 886 Meat m< 1990 1922 1 1994 2082 i 2 1995. 657 D8 1998 2011 181 1999 2229 I 2000 1752 i 3 2002 942 EL 2003-658 ie 2006 659 5k 2008 730 2009 553 Bw B 2010 737 BAD 2011 733 RS B35 2013734 IS 2015 445 wR 2016 1120 8S 2017 996 BA 2018 660 BE < 2019 1921 % 2020 1976 BAY» 2021 1914 3 2024 1987 3 2025 1763 #85 2029. 793 18) 2034 661 B> 2035 229 ak 2037 181 2038 2216 fy 2039-662 %3 2040 663. i 2041 664 J 2042 665 E BLD Sf Ok oe A OY A RAW AS gros OF eo o