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HOW TO READ FORMULAS: @... (MINING EXAM
FORMULA NAME Base-Charge Length Formula
FORMULA E, = [(0.3 > 05)x B]+J
VARIABLES ae UNITS]
Variables used in formula and required units in
[brackets]. If input variables are not in required
tunits, then you must use the unit conversion tables.
YARIABLES and [UNITS
E,,= Length of base charge of high density
explosives [ft]
wverage burden [ft]
ub-drilling depth [ft]
—ESSESEESESS =>)
Absolute Bulk Strength (ABS)
Acutual Scaled Dis seu esis
ABS, = AWS, x dz e x
. X\ Qyerat Scaled Distance
‘ABS , = Absolute bulk strength of the explosive sp-—2
[eavee) shy jw
AWS . = Absolute weight strength of the exp)
[cal/g] %
d,
Density of the explosive weet, Maximum Charge Weight per Delay
A, 2
D
——<——. = We ( =|
Absollt)Weight Strength (AWS)
Minimum Distance
RBS, x 7.462
AWS, = 4 D=sDxJWw
le
VARIABLES ar [UNITS
AWS, = Absolute weight strength of the explosive
eal SD = Scaled distance factor
RBS ,. = Relative bulk strength of the explosive ‘We Charge weight pet delay [Ib]
[ANFO = 100] D = Distance ff]
d, = Density of the explosive [g/cm*]
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Burden Formula
o-0.{2»{2|+15}
VARIABLES and (UNTS)
B = Burden [ft]
4, = Density of the explosives [g/em?]
4d, = Density of the rock [g/cm]
Diameter of fully coupled explosive column [in]
Deck Stemming Formula
ForDryHoles = Ty=0.5XD
ForWetHoles T,=1.0xD .
\
7, = Minimum length saci
consisting Caves size T, [ft]
Biasi w ter fin}
Face Height Formula
H= (5310) xD
H = Face Height [f]
D = Blast-hole Diameter [in]
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Hole-to-Hole Delay Time Formula
Dyn = (0 8) x S
Dy» = Delay time between holes in a row [ms]
S = Spacing between holes in a row {tt}
Hole-to-Hole Delay Times to Imprayt(Pragmentation
Rock Type 4 O msitt
Sands, Loa, Mata ae 1-24
15-18
12-15
Diese, abase Porphyrin, CompactGrases, | gg 42
‘eed ca Shits and Magnes
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G... (MINING EXAM
Leading Density Facute) Minimum Distance Formula
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d,= 0.3404 x D,’x d,
VARIABLES and (UNS)
4d, = Explosives loading density [lb/ft]
Diameter of explosives column [in]
d,, = Density of explosives [g/cm?]
Explosives ard Blasting Part 4 | onineminingexam
D=spx Jw
VARIABLES ard UNITS}
‘SD = Scaled distance factor
W = Charge weight per delay [Ib]
D = Distance [ft]
are
Maximum Charge Weight per Delay
VARIABLES and (UNS)
SD = Scaled distance factor
W = Charge weight per delay [Ib]
Distance [ft]
Powder Factor Fortfiuta
—
Vollume of Rock
: AO _We
A X PF =>
VARIABLES and (UNITS)
PF = Powder factor [Ib/yd]
W,= Total weight of explosives used in blast [Ib]
V = Total volume of rock generated in blast [yd]
Weight of Rock
VARIABLES and UNITS)
PF = Powder factor [Vb]
W, = Total weight of rock generated in blast {t]
W, = Total weight of explosives used in blast [Ib]
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Pre-Splitting Formulas
for Air-Decked Charges
G... MINING EXAM
Pre-Splitting Formulas
for De-Coupled Charges
‘Spacing of Air-Decked Charges
S=(1.5— 2.0)xD
Linear Charge Weight
S = Spacing between air-decked holes [ft]
D = Diameter of blast-hole [in]
\W,= Linear charge weight for
pre-spltting explosive [lb/ft]
D = Diameter of blast-hole [in]
Weight of Air-Decked Charges
= (0.08 4 0.12)xSxL,
yh
VARIABLES and UNITS)
—_ mgchatin sides
ano
W = Weight of air-deck
S = Spacing betw: mae ty
Lc Length of Dgst-he It]
Ran
‘St6fiming Column Length
T =(1.0312)xD
VARIABLES ana UNITS}
'S = Spacing between pre-split holes [ft]
D = Diameter of blast-hole [in]
Pressure Formula
T= Stemming column length [ft]
D = Diameter of biast-hole [in]
P = 0.000000233 x VOD? x d.
P = Pressure [kbar]
elocily of detonation of explosive [ft/sec]
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Relative Weight Strength (RWS)
AWS,
RWS, =
91,000
VARIABLES ar (UNITS
AWS, = Relative weight strength of the explosive
[ANFO = 100]
AWS, = Absolute weight strength of
the explosive [cal/g]
@... (MINING EXAM
Row-to-Row Delay Time Formula
ye = (2 15)xB
mit
VARIABLES and (UNITS)
Delay time between consecutive rows [ms]
laximum burden in front of a row of holes [ft]
Resistance Formulas
For Parallel Circuits
Loa 1
Stet
1 Rp Ry .
Ww
For Series Circuits
Prota= nang SR,
Arla of the electrical circuit [0]
fesistance of individual blasting caps or
circuit branches [0]
Effects of Various Rowe Delays
40
sit
ign, average a-blast and hack-beeak
Scattered pile with minimum ack-bresk
Stone Stemming Particle Size Formula
12> 20
LYARIAALES ane [UNITS
T, = Clean crushed stone stemming particle size {in}
D = Blast-hole diameter [in]
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Spacing Formulas
Sub-Drilling Formula
J= (0.2 > 0.5)xB
B = Burdon [it) instant | $=2.0xB
J = Sub-drilling [ft]
Day
Delayed | S=14xB
YAPOABLES an UNS)
H = Face heigt (>
B = Burden [ft
4 = Blasttiole spacing [ft]
WW Top Stemming Length Formula
AN T=(0.7 3 1.3)xB
Saperdab ics Velocity Formula YARBLES on UNS]
Burden [ft]
‘op stemming length [ft],
YARIABLES ard (UNITS)
D.yq = In order to avoid air-blast from “supersonic”
lateral face velocity, the delay between holes
must be more than D,, {ms}
S = Spacing between blast holes [ft]
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LINE MINING EXAM
Water Displacement Formula Vibration Level Predictation Formulas
Peak Particle Velocity Prediction
PPV =KxsD'*
VARIABLES a UN
C = Number of explosives cartridges required PPV = Peak particle velocity [in/s}
to rise above standing water K = Ground transmission constant [K=160 if
L,.= Length of the standing water column {ft} no other seismic data is available]
Length otone:exploshes cartridge (i SD = Scaled distance factor
D, = Diameter of explosives cartridges [in]
D, = Diameter of blast-hole [in]
Ste Specie Ground rope iets
K ‘ev x sp"®
9
K = Ground transmission constant
PPV = Peak particle velocity [in/s]
SD = Scaled distance factor
\ Volume of Rock per Blast Hole Formula
Weight of Rock per Blast Hole Formula
BxSxH
27
W=vxd, v
VARIABLES ar (UNITS VARIABLES an [UNITS]
W = Weight of rock generated per blast-hole [t \V = Bank volume of rock per blast-hole [yd]
\V = Bank volume of rock generated B = Burden [ft]
per blast-hole [ya] S = Spacing [ft]
= Bank density of rock Ityd"] H = Face height [ft]
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