BQ GrAO DUC vA EAO TAO rci TIu cHo.

N HQ"^iffiff- ou6c crA ryT

uE TTTT CHiNH THUC M6n: SINII HQC
Thbi gian: I80 phrit (kh1ryg k€ thdt gian giao di)
Ngdy thi thf nhat: tltOttzllg

Cffu I (1,5 diAm)

a) qinh 1 mO ti
so lugc mQtl6 bio tfurc vflt voi cac cdufiric dugc danh s6 1,2,3,4,5.
H?v diAn !6n vi cho bitit t14c di0m cira mdi cdu tric tr6n g6p ph6n iao n6n f,fra na"g tfrAm
th6; cirat6 bio. Gi6i thich.
b) Hai ti5 bao nhdn tpo, r,nang c6 tfnh dan hdi vd th6m chgn lgc (th6m nudc vi
t. .' ducmg tlon nhtmg kh6ng th6rn vcvi c6c duong d6i) <Iuo. c ngarn vio 6ng A vd B chria
\
' d,rrg dich cria c6c lo4i ch6t tan kh6c nhau (Hinh 2).Hdy cfro Uiet' 5

- MOi trudrng ngoii tl5 bio o.org A vi B li dEng trucmg, uu truong hay nhu-o. c truoag
so voi dung dich b6n trong tC baot Giii thfch. Hinh I
- Sau khi d?t vdo mdi trudng, kfch thudc cta t6 bdo Td h*o ahsu tgo
trong 6ng A vi B sE thay OOi nfru thti ndo so v6i ban
tldu? GiAi thich.
c) Trong diAu kiQn tg nhi6n, e6 te Uao l6ng hrit cira tl:tl4rV
thSc vft l6y tluqc nu6c thi m6i trucmg *,rng qranh n6 Ii 0,03 M
*I glur*z{t
0.{t1 }I

d5ng trucrng, uu trucrng hay nhugc trucrng? Giii thfch.

sp ph6n rE cria cdc vi ling

c9ng su oa n-nuom cac vl
miu thu6c nhu6m & mdt
3). K5t qui do chi6u ddi

[)i6f,1 khri nlirx {tuac* 1

dirug
Thoi ili6m Chi6u ddri trung binh fum)
Do4n vi 6ng tluqc tto
tlo Loii A Loii B
Dopn nim giEa tti6m ktli miu DAu ki,sau 3,5 11
hujnh quang vn th6 dQng Gita kj, sau 2,3 )1
Cvr d hilo
l$h$il iiiid rh$ Dogn nim gita di6m khri miu DAu lci sau 4,5 3,2
Hinh 3 hulnh quang vi cgc t6 tao Gita ki sau 4,5 1,2
a) SU ph6n rE ct:r- circ vi 6ng gan tfr6 dQng xiy ra & cuc bdo hay vol d0ng vol
bio loai A vi ti5 bdo loii B? Giai thfch.
b) Trinh bdy sg kh6c biQt vA cdu tnic-cria vi 6ng vi vi sgi. Vi 6ng vd vi sgi tham gia vio qud hinh phdn
chia tti bdo ch6t cria tti bdo thpc vflt vd t6 bao dQng v4t nhu thri ndo?
Ciu 3 (2,0 diAm)
;;G[;iih X, Y vd Z lLnlugt chira vi khu6n Escherichia coli (Gram dm), Baclillus subtilis (Gram
duong) vtt Mycoplasma mycoides (khdng c6 thinh ti5 Uao) vcri ctng mAt dO (106 t6 bio/ml) trong dung
dich ddng truong. 86 sung lizdzimvio ci ba 6ng nghiQm, t & 37'C trong I gicr.
a) Hay phdn biQt d{c di6m vd trintr dqng t6 bio, khring nguyEn b0 mpt, khi ndng trpc phdn vd tinh m6n
tu- su61 thAm ttrAu cua tii bdo vi khurin trong 5ng X, Y vitZsau I gid iuvarlizdnm & 37"C.
b)"g,ap
TiCp tpc b6 sung thyc khuin thO g6y d$c d{c hiQu cho trmg lopi vi khudn vio 6ng X, Y, Z vd tt b
37oC trong I gid. Sau d6, tti bao vi khu6n dugc li tdm vi Ta lei nhi6u tan r6i duo.c cdy trai tr6n dia P6tri
chria m6i trucrng th4ch pht hprp cho sinh tru6mg, ph6t triiSn vi phpc h6i thanh tii bao cria ci ba lopi vi
khu6n (dia X, Y vttZ),tt b 37'Ctrong 24 giit.
Hdy cho bii5t kha ning mgc ctra vi khu6n vd sg hinh thenh vtit tan tr6n m6i ffa P6tri.
. Khi quap s6t du6i kinh hi6n vi diQn tr?, nguoi ta <t6m ducv. c 99 thlrc khuAn thiS trong 0,1 mL m6u dich
c)
te bao vi khu6n. Tuy nhi6n, khi trii 0,1 mL m6u niy tr6n dla Pdtri chrla m6i trudng,phri hgrp, nguoi ta chi
dtim dugc 45 v€,ttan. T4i sao c6 sp khdc biQt nny?
u4
' CiuKhi4 nudi
(1,5 di\m)
cdy tfr*g ba chtng vi khudn Streptococcus lactis (A, B vd C) trong ctng mQt binh nu6i c6y
tinh 6 37"C, nguoi ta thu dugc o6c dudmg cong sinh truong bi6u di6n e hinh 4. Khi nudi cdy tinh ba
chung ndy ri0ng rE trong diAu kiQn tucvng t.u, ngucri ta thu ducy. c c6c dulng cong sinh tru&ng bi6u di6n o
hinh 5.
a) So sdnh t6c oo sinh l4$0
A
ftuong ri6ng &ane so sinh I:$$
3
r$u
trucrng ri€ng) ctra ba chirng A, i.
B vd C cr pha sinh tru&ng c6p s6 ,1
130O
B
mt khi nu6i chung ba chirng. fi
6{}(}
4

b) Khi nu6i chung (hinh 4), {c .eo

:{x, a
sinh truong cira ba chring A, B
vd C kh6c nhau nhu thiS ndo ! .1 (r * 1011 1.1 16 i8 ?( :1 !4 4 8 tri r: t"{ ,rr t{}
trong khoang thoi gian nu6i Tn&i*ta*(*i}) Tlril6l*r(glt)
;t, ,t ; i6"s g-ior ciai thich. Hinh 4 lnnh 5
c) Tai sao pha tiAm ph6t (pha lag) trong sinh tru&ng cria chring B k6o dei g6p nhi6u l6n so vcri chirng A
vi C khi nu6i c6y chung?
Ciu 5 (2,0 di1m)
.Vio hic s6ng s6rm, quan s6t 16 cria ntriing c6y bgi th6p hay c6c lodi cd tr6n bd ru$ng, ngudi ta thudng
thdy c6 nudc dgng l4i tr6n mdp 16 - d6 h hiQn tugng tl gigt & thgc v{t. HiQn tugng niy ld do nudc tho6t ra
ttr thiry khdng (c6u truc gdm nheng t6 bao chuy6n h6a voi chrlc nlng tii5t nu6c), thuong ph6n b5 & mdp 16
vd lu6n mo.
a) H6y cho biiSt ba diAu kiQn c6n thi6t adn di5n hi$ntuqng rl giqt.
b) Nhtng tC bdo chuyCn h6a ctra thriy kh6ng ti6p xric tr.uc ti6p v6i lo4i m6 nio sau diy: phloem (mgch
rdy), xylem (mpch g5;, mO x6p (m6 khuy6t), md gi4u? Gi6i thich.
c) Nhtng ch6t nio c6 th6 c6 trong dich nudc ttugc hinh thanh il
hiQn tugng ir gigt? Giii thich.
d) Cdc c6y & t6ng tan vd tAng vuqt tAn c6 hiQn tuqng rl gigt hay litrdng? Giii thich.
Cffu 6 (1,5 didm)
a) Nguoi ta thulng ngam h4t hia gi6ng trong ng6c lim (khoang 30'C) fi 24 dAnJ6 gid rdi vot h4t ra vd
ti6p t.uc ri th6m khoang +g - OO gid d6 hat nayynim r6i moi dem gieo. HAy chg biiit qu6 trinh sinh li chri
y6u nno xiy ra trong ttrOl gian rrEem, ri hat? NiSu k6o dni thbi gianngdm hAt d6n 96 gid thi di€u gi sE xiy
ra? Gidi thich.
b) Tii5n hanh thi nghiQm trdng hia vi c6 16ng Wc o hai 16 ri6ng rE voi ctng-didrl kiQn dinh dud,rg vd
cubng dO 6nh sring manh- Sau mol thoi gian, sint t*r5i cria cd l6ng v.uc ting cao gA" gdp ddi so voilua. HEy
gira'i thich tQt eua gen. Aiet rarrg khi bit tlAu tiing, ceycgn ctia hai loai c6 ctng kich thgdc vn dQ tu6i.
c) De diAu-t<hien cdy cric (Chrysanthemums-sp.) sinh tru&ng vi ra hoa theg f mu6n,.vdo thang 9 - 10
hdng ndm, ngudi n6ng d6n thucmg dqrng ddn d6 chitiu sang tir 5 gio chidu <tiin 9 giU t6i m5i ngdy. Tuy
nhi0n, nguli ta kh6ng ldm nhu vfy d6i v6i ciy huopg duong (Helianthus sp.). Hdy gi6i thich co s& khoa
hgc cua viQc lim tr6n. Bitit ring, cric li ciy ngiy ngin vd huong ducrng li cdy trung tinh.
CiuT (2,0 diAm)
MQt hqc sinh <15ldm thf nghiQm nudi c6y c6c do?n cit ttr hai co quan kh6c nhau cta c6y ddu.tucvng
non (kf hiQu: A vd B) d6u ddi 10 mm trong m6i trucmg dinh dudng chtia auxin (AIA) 6 cdc ndng dQ
khfc nhau trong 24 gib.Kiit quA thi nghiQm dugc trinh bdy trong bi,rlrgZ.
2
N, AI,A
10''' 10-' 10-E 10-' 10'o 10' 10-4 10'3
Chi6u ddi A 10,2 10,5 12,0 11,0 10,3 10,0 10,0 10,0
doan cit (mm) B 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,5 11,0 13,0 14,0 11,0
a) Hdy cho dopn A, B ducr. c tir hay than? Gi6i thfch.
b ) 2,4-D c6 tdc dung hinh thanh md sgo o n6ng do 10.6 M sau 3 tuAtr. N6u dtng 2,4-D vdi n6ng dQ
10-6 Msau3 tudn thi m6 sgo sc xu6t hiQn tr0n ttoqn cit cria rE hay th6n? Gi6i thich.
. ' ,(,
c) -.
IuKetquacuanal thi nghiQm trdn, h6y cho bitit vai trd ctra auxin trong ddi sring thlrc v{t.
a^-i
d) Trong thi nghiQm nuol cay mo, oe mo seo biQt h6a thdnh rE vd ch6i, ngodi auxin ngudi ta cdn phii
b6 sung mQt hoocm6n thgc vft ndo? Ti lQ hoocm6n ndo cao h<vn d0 tao r5?

llt
CAu 8 (1,5 didm)
Hinh 6 th0 hiOn m6i tucrng
quan gita & lUc t6rn th6t tr5i,
r2o
^l2a
bI! (q)
6p lgc rtQng maih chri vd 6p.lgc D0ng chri *
H

t6m nhi trai. C6c ki hiOu tu (1) 6 th6ttrdi

d6n (5) thC hien cii, giai 'troa" E *o *.(6 SO

€
k

$.ha) lJr6c nhau (gi6i han b<ri I (1

) (r) P
\((l Lcr)

dAu o) trong mQt chu ki tim. !

F
9 3.d^' (*) (P
t tL\u9
C6c ki hiOu (m), (n), (p) vn (d .€' t
<d
Tdmnlitrdi g
tne hien c6c,giai doAn thay tl6i (4) :----E- 2'
6p,lytc vi th0 tich m6u cira t6m
that tr6i trong mQt chu ki tim a a,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 0 40 110
(Hinh D. Cec chi sti duo.c do d Thai gian (gi6y) thetich mriutem thfutr6i (mL)
mOt ngudi kh6e manh binh Hinh6 HinhT
thuong o tr4ng th6i nghi ngcri.
a) H6y cho bii5t m6i giai doqn (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) & hinh 6 ld tuong img vcri giai tlo4n (m), (n), (p), (q)
nio 0 hinh 7? Gi6i thich.
b) Hay n6u cich tinh vd tinh gi6 tri luu lugng (cung luqng) tim cria ngucri niy & trqng thdi nghi ngcri
theo don vi ml,/phtit.
Cflu 9 {1,5 ilAm)
C6c ducrng cong A, B, C, D, E & hinh 8 tfr6 Uipn mric b6o O.
\<a0 o)
hoa Oz cria sic tO trO hdp e ngudi trong mQt sd diAu kiQn kh5c <o
1

nhau. Bi€t rdng thay Ai5i mric COz m-6u kh6ng ldm thay t16i \(o
nhi€u mric bdo hda t6i da ctra h6m6gl6bin-Oztei gi|taphdn rip o
.r<6
Oz o phiS nang.. v)
$ I
Hdy cho Ui6t m5i di6u kien tt (l) d6n (6) duoi d6y tuong "t () FB
img voi tlulng cong nio tir A d6n E & hinh S? Giei thich. N ir u)
(1) H0m6gl0bin (Hb) trong mdu cfla nguli c6 th6n nhiQt .o€
tdng cao hcrn binh thulng.
\ (2) Hb trong m6u cria nguli dang o trqng thrti nghi ngoi vi ,o
r6d

hit thd v6i nhip tdng d6n. ) s 0 20 4a 60 80 100

(3) My6gl6bin trong circ t€, bio co xuoog ctra nguoi kh6e Phdn 6p O2 (mm Hg)
mAnh binh thuong.^t Hinh 8
(4) Hb trong m6u cria ngudi dane bi m6t mau nghiCm trgng
do tai nan.Y 2,3 BPCr
(5) Hb trong mau cui ngucri dang sri dung thu6c c6 tinh axit k6o dei lam thay ddi pH m6u.
(6) Hb trong mdu ctra ngudi kh6e m+nh binh thuong.l
Cffu 10 (1,5 diAm)
Mqt sd s1r kiQn sau di6n ra trong qu6 trinh bai tiiit & nguoi khi thay A6i m$t si5 AiAu kiQn co th6:
(1) TAng n6ng dQ and6st6ron huyi5t *srng,t
(2) Giam n6ng d0 ADH huydt tu*g; I

(3) Tdng tuhepthu nudc 0.6ng luqn xa; p

(a) Tlng t6ihdpthuNa+ 6 6ng lugn xa;.f
(5) Giem 1aih6tp thu nu6c tr 6ng g6P;

fflJffi:titil oun theo trinh tu thoi gian bang c6ch rti6n kr hieu (r), (2), (3), (4), (s) va (6)
il'li*|,
vio 6 (?) tucrng img trong mdi trucrng hqrp dudi ddy vi giai thich.
a) O neuoita"g's,i dring thu6c firosemide c6 thc dUng ric chti hopt dQng crla prdtCin ddng vfln chuy€n
Na* vd cl- dac hiQu d t6 bao thenh 6ng thfln cria nhrinh lon quai Henle. \ r r lt r
/
(?) (?) ? (?) -+ b --) tL
(?) T b - -/
-
b) O ngudi b[ tang mric dQ nhpy c6m criathp th6 ti0p ottat tin hiQu v6 sp giim th6 tich vi 6p lyc m6u 0
bQ m6y cQn ti6u cAu cira th{n. A
,^\ 6 -t + J
L, 4
crrti ao 6n kh6ng -.,{lh;[l];,t;';f,]un r.;.
'
c) o nguoi dang En
(?)*(?)*(?)+(?) Z+ S + L)+
di h. 314
 t('Iu 11 (2,0 diAm)
Sg b6m cria insulin vdo thg th6 insulin (IR: insulin
receptor) h6n nhi6u loai t6 bio co th6 kich thfch tang h6p thu nNh6m O6i ctirmg
gluc6zcr. OC khing dinh t6c dpng giim gluc6zo tau ctra .hd sNh6m thi nghiQm
E
insulin ld thdng qua sU brim dac hiQu cria n6 vio IR, c6c thf
nghiQm (TN) du6i ddy dd dugc tii5n hanh tr0n c6c nh6m
chu$t thi nghiQm khdc nhau:
TNl. S.u dpng mQt ch6t tam trung hda vd lo4i b6 insulin (.)
khdi he tu6n hoan cta chudt; z
. TN2. Su dpng ki thu{t gen girip bi6u hign manh IR o c6c rcit qua t f6t qua2 f6t qua:
tO bio ctia chugt;
TN3. St dpng ki thuft gen giirp lo4i bo hoan todn gen IrR
Hinh9 (N z .
kh6i c5c t6 bao ctra chuQt;
TN4. Ti6m th6m insulin vdo co th6 chuQt.
K5t qui thi nghiQm dugc-minh hga & hinh 9. Chu$t kh6e manh binh thuong (c6 insulin chua bao hda
thp thti) duo. c sri {ung ldm aOi cnrmg trong m5i thi nghigm
a) Hiy cho bitit m6i t<Ot qui cria TNl, TN2, TN3, TN4 tuong img vdi mdi tet qud 1, 2,3 ndo & hinh 9?
Giai thich.
b) Thf nghiQm ndo trong 4 thi nghiQm tr€n c6 th6 chtug minh thuytit phpc ring t6c dung giam gluc6zo
miiu cria insulin ld th6ng qua srJ brim dac hiQu cira n6 vio IR? Giei thfch.
c) Streptozotocin ld h6a ch6t nm hu h4i t6 bao b€ta-t.uy. ChuQt kh6e manh binh thunng bi ti0m v6i
streptozotocin (li€u t6c dung) s€ c6 mrlc phdn giai glic6gen O gan kh6c biQt nhu th6 nio ro ,& chu$t kh6e
m?nh binh thucmg bi ti€m v6i dung dich sinh li (chuQt ddi chrmg)? Giei thich.
Cdu 12 (1,5 diAm)
a) Hinh 10 th6 hiQn m$t con du&ng truyAn tin hiQu thAn kinh qua c6c ncnon A, B, C trong t1i6u hda vfln
d6ng co xucrng M. C6c ch6t trung gian h6a hgc Xl, X3
ldm mcy kOnh Na+ vitX}ld,rn mo kCnh Cf cira mdng sau x2
xin6p. Bi6t rlng sU kht crgc.ncron-ldm gi6i ph6ng ch6t M
trung gian h6a hgc, s1r tdng phen cgc cria noron ldr6ng
lim giii ph6ng ch6t trung gian h6a hgc. Hinh 10
HEy cho bi6t khi kich thfch d6n ngu0ng vd li6n tuc l6n noron A thi:
- diQn th6 mang cira c6c noron B vd C sE thay AOi ntru th6 nio so v6i khi khdng kich thich l6n noron
A? Giai thfch.
- co M co hay den? Giai thich.
b) Khi nghi6n cr?u sg anh hu&ng cta mQt s5 yi5u t6 len gi6 tri <tipn th6 mdng noron, c6c di6u kiQn thi
nghiQm (1), (2) va (3) dudi i16y.d5 dusc tfriet tAp Ae 3

nu6i c6c noron cirng lo4i. Ki5t qui ghi <tiQn th6 llet qua Gir[ tri tliQn th6 Gi6 tri dien th6 ilio
nshi(mY) cuct6i da (mV)
mang ctra ncnon o m6i diAu kiQn thi nghigm ttugc
Binh thuong -70 +40
th0 hiQn trong bang 3. BiCt rAng ki5t qui "Binh A -60 +50
thulng" ln ghi dugc o noron ctng lo4i nu6i trong B t9d'., +40
dune dich sinh li ti0u chu6n (DDTC). ( -6f,
C6c tli0u kiQn thi nghiQm:
C Gr
D €66) +40
(l) DDTC c6 b6 sung ch6t ldm gi6m tinh th6m E -70 +30
cria mdng noron vcri ion K*;
(2) DDTC c6 n6ng d$ ion K* ngo4i bio gi6m;
(3) DDTC c6 n6ng dQ ion Na* ngo4i bio giim vd n6ng dO rgn (* ngo4i bio t6ng.
Hfly ch.o biiSt gi6 tri diQn th6 mang noron ghi clugc trong m6i di0u kiQn thi nghiQm (t), (2) ve (3) tucrng
rlng vdi kOt qui nio ttr A t10n E o bing 3? Giei thich.

Thi sinh khdng chrgc s* dyng tdi li€u.

Cdn bA coi thi khdng gidi th{ch gi th1m.

4t4