DESIGN PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONAL TERMINOLOGIES

(AIRSPEEDS)

VDF –Demonstrated flight diving speed which through various unexpected causes and may be
less than VD
VF – Flap limiting speed (flaps down)
VFE – Maximum speed for actually extending or raising the flaps.
VLE – Maximum speed for extended landing gear configuration
VLO – Maximum speed for lowering or retracting the undercarriage
VMCA – The minimum control speed in flight at which the airplane can be controlled directionally
in accordance to FAR with a prescribed conditions of: one engine inoperative and
windmilling; not more than 5 degrees bank angle towards to live engine; take-off power
on the live engine; landing gear up; flaps in take-off position and the most rearward
center of gravity.
VMCG – Minimum control speed at which it is possible to maintain directional control during
take-off when the engine fails and the wheels are still on runways.
VMO – Maximum operating speed
VMU – Minimum demonstrated unstick speed.
VNE – Never exceed speed
VNO – Normal operating speed. Maximum structural cruising speed that should not exceed
except in smooth air and then with caution
VAT – Target threshold speed
VAT0 – Target threshold speed with all engine operative
VAT1 – Target threshold speed will one engine inoperative
VS – Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in the
relevant configuration
VS0 – Stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in
landing configuration
VSSE – Intentional one engine inoperative speed
VX – Best angle-of-climb speed
VY – Best rate-of-climb speed
V1 – Decision speed for take-off
VR – Rotation speed
V2 – Take-off speed established by the manufacturer to add safety margin to the minimum
control speed.
VA – Design maneuvering speed
Vapp – Approach speed
VB – Design speed for maximum gust intensity
VC – Design cruising speed
VD – Design diving speed