SL.

NO CHAPTER PAGE NO

1. Executive summary 3

2. Development and Environmental Challenges 4

2.1

Challenges 4-5

3. Components of Business Model and construction 5-8

4. Cost Factors 9

4.1. Revenue streams 10

5. sourcing 12

5.1. Targeted Scale and Reach 12

Expected Role of Government Policies&

5.2. Corporate Social Responsibility 13

5.3. Industry Analysis 14

5.4. Market feasibility 15

5.5. Organisational feasibility 17

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 6. Operation Plan 18

7 Financial feasibility 19-20

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Introduction

Nowadays, human apply all of its potentiality to consume more. The result of this high
consumption is nothing unless reducing the initial resources and increasing the landfill. In
recent times, human from the one hand is always seeking broader sources with lower
price and from the other hand is following the way to get rid of the wastes. The waste
today can be produced wherever humans footprints be existed, and remind him that they
have not chosen the appropriate method for exploitation of the nature. This paper
introduces the development and low cost housing in India. At the present time, the
possibility of utilizing the renewable resources such as solar, geothermal has been
provided for us more than before, and development of the renewable and alternative
energies is making progress. Plastic have become an essential part of our day to day life
since their introduction over hundred years ago. The only way to reduce the hazards of
plastic is reduce and reuse

While plastic has many valuable uses, we have become addicted to single-use or
disposable plastic — with severe environmental consequences. Around the world, one
million plastic drinking bottles are purchased every minute, while up to 5 trillion single-use
plastic bags are used worldwide every year. Researchers estimate that more than 8.3
billion tonnes of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s and annually we are
producing 300 million tones.

Environmental concerns
The same properties that make plastics so useful — their durability and resistance to
degradation — also make them nearly impossible for nature to completely break
down.More than 99% of plastics are produced from chemicals derived from oil, natural gas
and coal — all of which are dirty, non-renewable resources. We need to slow the flow of
plastic at its source, but we also need to improve the way we manage our plastic waste.

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 Only 9% of all plastic waste ever produced has been recycled. About 12% has been
incinerated, while the rest — 79% — has accumulated in landfills, dumps or the natural
environment.A staggering 8 million tonnes of plastic end up in the world’s oceans every
year.

Types Name Usage

PET Polyethylene terepthalate Water bottles, dispensing
containers, biscuit trays
HDPE High-Density polyethylene Shampoo bottles , Milk
bottles , freezer bags , ice
cream containers
LDPE Low-Density polyethylene Bags, Trays, food packaging,
films, polybags.
PP Polypropylene Potato chip packs, microwave
dishes, ice cream tubs, bottle
caps
PS Polystyrene Cutlery , plates, cups
EPS Expanded Polystyrene Protective packaging , hot
drink cups

The solution
Infrastructure is the backbone of any country’s development. We spend a lot of
resources in infrastructure projects, but with this business idea it can be minimised.
Introducing Plastic bottle bricks can help us to achieve sustainability as well as reduces
cost factor.

Reusing the plastic bottles as the building materials can have substantial effects on
saving the building embodied energy by using them instead of bricks in walls and
reducing the CO2 emission in manufacturing the cement by reducing the percentage of
cement used. It is counted as one of the foundation’s green project and has caught the
attention of the architecture and construction industry. Generally the bottle houses are
bioclimatic in design, which means that when it is cold outside is warm inside and when
it is warm it is cold inside. Constructing a house by plastic bottles used for the walls, joist
ceiling and concrete column offers us 45% diminution in the final cost. Separation of

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 various components of cost shows that the use of local manpower in making bottle
panels can lead to cost reduction up to 75% compared to building the walls using the
brick and concrete block.

Components of the model

This construction require some of the basic materials which ensures a stable, eco
friendly structure and also results in cheap construction as compared to brick wall.
Materials uses for Bottle wall masonry construction are:

a. Soil

b. Plastic bottles

c. Cement

d. Nylon rope

e. Water

Soil: Soil is the basic element in any construction project so before using it in our project
we have to study the basic properties of the soil and go through different tests, so as to
check whether the soil sample selected is suitable for the given project (Table 2).

Soil texture: Soil texture can have a profound effect on many other properties and is
considered among the most important physical properties. Texture is the proportion of
three mineral particles, sand, silt and clay, in a soil. These particles are distinguished by
size, and make up the fine mineral fraction.

Soil colloids: Soil colloids refer to the finest clay in a soil. Colloids are an important soil
fraction due to properties that make them the location of most physical and chemical
activity in the soil. One such property is their large surface area. Smaller particles have
more surface area for a given volume or mass of particles than larger particles. Thus,
there is increased contact with other colloids and with the soil solution. This results in the
formation of strong friction and cohesive bonds between colloid particles and soil water,
and is why a clay soil holdstogether better than a sandy soil when wet.

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 Soil structure: Soil structure is the arrangement and binding together of soil particles into
larger clusters, called aggregates or pads. Aggregation is important for increasing stability
against erosion, for maintaining porosity and soil water movement, and for improving
fertility and carbon sequestration in the soil. Granular structure consists of loosely packed
spherical pads that are glued together mostly by organic substances.

Soil porosity: Many important soil processes take place in soil pores (air or water-filled
spaces between particles). Soil texture and structure influence porosity by determining
the size, number and interconnection of pores. Coarse textured soils have many large
(macro) pores because of the loose arrangement of larger particles with one another.
Fine-textured soils are more tightly arranged and have more small (micro) pores. Macro
pores in fine textured soils exist between aggregates. Because fine-textured soils have
both macro- and micro pores, they generally have a greater total porosity, or sum of all
pores, than coarse-textured soils.
Plastic bottle: In this paper plastic bottles are used as a fundamental element, so we
have gone through every property of the PETE bottles so as to ensure a stable structure.

Properties of PETE bottle: Polyethylene Terephthalate Ethylene (PETE) bottles are

thermoplastic materials. This type of plastic are polymers and with or without cross
linking and branching, and they soften on the application of heat, with or without
pressure and require cooling to be set to a shape. Following are properties of plastic
bottle:
a. Wax like in appearance, translucent, odorless and one of the lightest plastics.

b. Flexible over a wide temperature.

c. Heat resistance.
d. Chemically stable.
e. Do not absorb moisture.
f. Transparent.

Cement: Cement is the important binding material. In these paper it is use to bind the
plastic bottles to make the masonry wall more durable so that the quality of cement is
check by following properties.

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 Properties of cement

Fineness: Fineness or particle size of Portland cement affects Hydration rate and thus the
rate of strength gain. The smaller particle size, and the greater the surface area-to-
volume ratio so that the more area available for water cement interaction per unit
volume. The effects of greater fineness on strength are generally seen during the first
seven days.

Soundness: Soundness is defined as the volume stability of the cement paste.

Strength: Cement paste strength is typically defined in three ways: compressive, tensile
and flexural. These strengths can be affected by a number of items including: water
cement ratio, cement-fine aggregate ratio, type and grading of fine aggregate, curing
conditions, size and shape of specimen, loading conditions and age.

Setting Time: The initial setting time is defined as the length of time between the
penetration of the paste and the time when the needle penetrates 25mm into the
cement paste.

Nylon rope: Nylon rope has a very high tensile strength so that it is use as the main
binder for PETE bottles masonry.

Properties of nylon Rope: Nylon rope is gotten from coal, Petroleum, air and water. It is a
polyamide thermoplastic produced by series of condensation reaction between an amine
and organic acids. the properties of nylon as follow:
a. Good abrasion resistance.
b. Tough and strong but flexible too.
c. High impact strength.
d. Absorb water which causes reduction in strength and impact properties
e. Resistant to most of the solvents and chemicals
f. High softening temperatures and thus molding becomes difficult.

Water: Water is in a similar way like cement, an active component in mortar. For
cement-sand mortar, without water no hydration can be attained, hence no strength
can be achieved. Water is responsible for the workability of a fresh mortar. 20% of the
overall weight of the cement and soil was used to determine the quantity of water to be

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 used in the mix. A slump test and a flow test were conducted to evaluate the
consistency of the fresh mortar.

Construction

Although bottle walls can be constructed in many different ways, they are typically made on
a foundation that is set into a trench in the earth to add stability to the wall. The trench is
filled with a rubble of pea gravel and then filled in with cement. Rebar can be set into the
foundation to add structural integrity. Bottle walls range one bottle to two bottles thick.
Primitive mixture, such as cob or adobe can be used as mortar to bind the bottles. It is
thickly spread on the previous layer of bottles followed by the next layer which is pressed
into the mixture. Typically two fingers of separation are used as a means of spacing
although any kind of spacing can be achieved.

Bottles can also be duct taped together to create a window-type effect. Two similar size
bottles can be taped together with the openings allowing a light passageway. This also traps
air and creates a small amount of insulation. Filling glass with liquid that will be subjected to
freezing and thawing is not a good idea, but is useful if the glass is protected from
temperature extremes.

Collection and cleaning of waste plastic bottles then Filing the bottles with sand and gravel or
mud followed by Foundation will be laid down with bottle bricks and concrete then Making
few holes then Construction of column and wall using bottles then Use the nylon rope for
upholding during construction followed by Position of beams for holding roof and roofing
with cemented sheet finally Plastering and painting the wall .

Heat sink

When the bottles are filled with a (dark) liquid, or other dark material, the wall can function
as a thermal mass, absorbing solar radiation during the day and radiating it back into the
space at night, thus dampening diurnal temperature swings. This may be a pleasant feature
for colder climates - but can turn a room into an oven in hotter climates.

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Cost Estimation of Brick Wall Masonry.

Sr. no Material Quantity Rate Per Amount(R

s.)
1 Plastic 1572 nos. 0.5 1 no. 786
bottle
2 Cement 5.45 300 1 bag 1635

3 Sand 0.237 250 1m3 59.25

4 Soil 1.99 100 1m3 199

5 Labour 4 300 1 person 1200

work
Total - - - - 3879.25

Cost Estimation of Plastic Bottle Wall.

Sr. no Material Quantity Rate Per Amount(R

s.)
1 Brick 1150 nos. 5 1 no. 5750

2 Cement 5.45 300 1 bag 1635

3 Sand 0.237 250 1 m3 59.25

Total - - - - 7444.25

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 Comparison between the wall by Plastic bottle and Brick
Sr. No Factors Considerations Plastic Bottle Brick Wall
Wall
1 Time and speed 5 persons team 15% faster 120 m2
of Execution one working day
2 Material and Implementation Saving in More weight,
equipment costs and installation cement, water, more materials
of materials and grinder and
equipment fitting
3 Transportation Displacement in Lighter and Greater weight
Costs the building higher volume, and less volume,
easy and cheap hard and costly
displacement displacement
4 Execution cost Using Less manpower More human
calculations of and indigenous resources- the
panel higher cost
5 Strength and - 20 times more Greater wall
load Capacity than brick thickness, lower
strength High
weight and loss
of material
-

6 Resistance to Earthquake has Low and

Earthquake a direct Integrated
relationship weight without
with the weight falling debris
of each structure
7 Cleanness and - Very clean High volume of
beauty of work execution, no construction
construction waste
waste
8 Flexibility - Very clean -
execution, no
construction
waste

Benefits of Plastic Bottle Masonry Wall

1.Low cost - You know how much a bottle costs!

2. Non-Brittle - (Unlike bricks)
3. Absorbs abrupt shock loads - Since they are non brittle,there can
take up heavy loads without failure.

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4. Bio climatic
5. Re-usable
6. Less construction material
7. Easy to build
8. Green Construction
Utilizing PET bottles in construction recycled materials, thermal comfort can be achieved in
very low cost housing, benefit in residents for those who cannot afford to buy and operate
heating and cooling systems. Plastic is non biodegradable, toxic, highly resistant to heat and
electricity (best insulator) and not recyclable in true sense, plastic PET bottles use in bottle
brick technique. This gives relief for the poor people of India to provide cheap and best
houses for living.

efficient usage of waste plastic in plastic-soil bricks has resulted in effective usage of plastic
waste and thereby can solve the problem of safe disposal of plastics, also avoids its
widespread littering and the utilization of quarry waste has reduced to some extent the
problem of its disposal. Plastics are produced from the oil that is considered as non-
renewable resource. Because plastic has the insolubility about 300 years in the nature, it is
considered as a sustainable waste and environmental pollutant. So reusing or recycling of it
can be effectual in mitigation of environmental impacts relating to it. It has been proven that
the use of plastic bottles as innovative materials for building can be a proper solution for
replacement of conventional materials.

plastic bottles wall have been less costly as compare to bricks and also they provide greater
strength than bricks. The PET bottles that are not recycled end up in landfills or as litter, and
they take approximately 1000 years to biodegrade. This has resulted in plastic pollution
problems in landfills, water ways and on the roadside, and this problem continues to grow
along with the plastic bottle industry

initial perception on the use of PET bottles in construction is changing day by day. A
paradigm which emerged as PET bottle bricks in the construction of load bearing walls with
steel trusses and prefabricated metal sheet is at present witnessing flat roofs with nylon 6

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replacing steel reinforcement and intuitive vault construction [6]. Even though research on
the effective use PET in developing new material as an option, solutions exploring the
application of PET bottles as structural members, foundation, retaining walls and secondary
elements like street furniture, road dividers, pavements and other landscape elements is to
be looked in to. The Governing bodies shall formulate policies to propagate this eco centric
approach via appropriate practices, research investigations on the properties of the
materials and construction techniques.

Sourcing
Plastic bottle bricks enterprises partner with Students, Office goers, Teachers, Local
Municipal Corporation.Tie ups with NGO’S and local orphanage to recycle the waste into
valuable items.

These partners help the business to increase its outreach, access financing and
strengthen the image of the waste management.

Corporate social responsibility

• Plastic bricks and contribute to the needy families in the rural areas.

• Creates a strong brand image and awareness

• Social impact and environmental impact.

Targeted scale and reach

Business Planning to expand to the schools, colleges, offices of
Bhubaneswar & metropolitan cities like Kolkata.

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 It will promote Circular Economy , Home Décors and Accessories market is a
huge one to cover. Collaborations with L&T,NCC Ltd etc.

Expected role of Government Policies

Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce

these impacts and represents one of the most dynamic areas in the industry
today. Government must provide waste management services, which
include waste removal, storage and disposal services, as per Schedule 5B of
the Constitution. Municipalities must work with industry and other
stakeholders to extend recycling at municipal level. Municipalities must
provide additional bins for separation at-source, and are responsible for
diverting organic waste from landfill and composting it. Municipalities must
facilitate local solutions such as Material Recovery Facilities and buy-back
centres, rather than provide the entire recycling infrastructure themselves.
Municipalities must designate a waste management officer from their
administration to coordinate waste management matters.

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 Feasibility Analysis

A Business Feasibility Study can be defined as a controlled process for

identifying problems and opportunities, determining objectives, describing
situations, defining successful outcomes and assessing the range of costs and
benefits associated with several alternatives for solving a problem. The
Business Feasibility Study is used to support the decision-making process based
on a cost benefit analysis of the actual business or project viability. The
feasibility study is conducted during the deliberation phase of the business
development cycle prior to commencement of a formal Business Plan. It is an
analytical tool that includes recommendations and limitations, which are
utilised to assist the decision-makers when determining if the Business
Concept is viable.

Industrial Feasibility

It Clearly define and describe the industry in which the enterprise operates.
Include the size, growth rate, and outlook. Define key industry segments and state
where enterprise fits in. Describe demand and supply factors and trends.
Describe the larger forces that drive the market - e.g. innovation, cultural change,
regulation, whatever.
Describe the proposed enterprise's business model. How will the business
generate revenue (i.e. sell the product; charge licensing, retail sales)? Will there
be recurring revenue? Describe the model in enough detail to support financial
projections presented later.

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 The central government will invest Rs 100 lakh crore in infrastructure over
the next five years. Public private partnerships will be leveraged for
railways to attract an investment of Rs 50 lakh crore during the period
2018-30. Initiatives such as Housing for all, Smart Cities, etc. are fuelling the
growth the Urban Infrastructure and construction development.

Housing for All by 2022, the government’s flagship scheme PMAY launched
in June 2015 aims to build 20 million urban homes and 30 million rural
houses by 2022.In March 2018, construction of additional 3, 21,567
affordable houses was sanctioned under PMAY.

Use of local manpower in making bottle panels can lead to cost reduction
up to 75% compared to building the walls using the brick and concrete
block . As our plan is based on sustainability so it would gain more attention
from both govt and public provided awareness is being created properly.

Marketing feasibility

All feasibility studies should look at how things work, if they will work, and
identify potential problems. Feasibility studies are done on ideas, campaigns,
products, processes, and entire businesses. Feasibility studies are assessment
tools - not just reports to try and sell your business to investors. They should
consider both pros and cons and analyze a variety of potential business
scenarios.

A Marketing Plan maps out specific ideas, strategies, and campaigns based on
feasibility study investigations, which are intended to be implemented. Think
of market feasibility studies as a logistical study and a marketing plan as a
specific, planned course of action to take.

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The marketing plan section of the business plan explains how you're going to
get your customers to buy your products and/or services. Marketing plan
mainly depends on the Marketing Mix.

Product- plastic bottle bricks

Price- Rs 5 to Rs 8

Place- Cuttack Puri NH 203.

Promotions- Hoardings, Pamphlets and Social Media.

USP- Cost Effective, Environment Friendly, creative look .

Leading Change for a Sustainable better world.

SWOT

 Strength- Start up started with an innovative idea.All are made

out of Wastage and recycling the old/used products.Minimal
Cost and Cheap Labour, creative design,strong than
conventional ones.

 Weakness- Little Marketing about new recycling techniques.

Aesthetically might not be attractive, and gaining the trust that
it is equally strong and reliable.

 Opportunities- With increasing wastage of bottles, our

business can bring a new dimension in the sustainable industry.
Consistent demand for new ways to recycle and reuse waste.

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  Threats- New companies and existing giants, Competitors. Laws
and government regulations makes it difficult to enter global
markets.

Organisational feasibility

It is to define the legal and corporate structure of a business. An

organizational feasibility study may also include professional
background information about the founders and principals of the
business and what skills they can contribute to the business.
organizational feasibility study should include:

 Description of your business structure

 Description of your organizational structure
 Internal and external principles and practices of the business
 Professional skills and resumes

The Management team of our Company comprises of following

members i.e.

• Decision Making Executives

• Marketing & Sales
• Operations, Finance
• Designers
• logistics partner
• Legal
• HR
•

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Operational feasibility
Operational feasibility is the measure of how well a proposed system solves
the problems, and takes advantage of the opportunities identified during
scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the
requirements analysis phase of system development.

The operational feasibility assessment focuses on the degree to

which the proposed development project fits in with the existing
business environment and objectives with regard to development
schedule, delivery date, corporate culture and existing business
processes.

To ensure success, desired operational outcomes must be imparted

during design and development. These include such design-
dependent parameters as reliability, maintainability, supportability,
usability, producibility, disposability, sustainability, affordability and
others. These parameters are required to be considered at the early
stages of design if desired operational behaviours are to be realised.
A system design and development requires appropriate and timely
application of engineering and management efforts to meet the
previously mentioned parameters. A system may serve its intended
purpose most effectively when its technical and operating
characteristics are engineered into the design. Therefore,
operational feasibility is a critical aspect of systems engineering that
needs to be an integral part of the early design phases

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 The operation plan is an important component of a business plan
as it provides the description of the future business functioning
on a continuing basis.

Facilities-can be easily available offline as online. Raw Material will

be procured by slum dwellers. Payment Mode will be offline and
online. Compliance - Legal, Accounting etc. Major Equipment and
workers will be procured locally

Financial Feasibility

financial viability can be judged on the following parameters:

 Total estimated cost of the project

 Financing of the project in terms of its capital structure, debt
to equity ratio and promoter's share of total cost
 Existing investment by the promoter in any other business
 Projected cash flow and profitability

The financial viability of a project should provide the following

information:

 Full details of the assets to be financed and how liquid those

assets are.
 Rate of conversion to cash-liquidity (i.e., how easily the
various assets can be converted to cash).

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  Project's funding potential and repayment terms.
 Sensitivity in the repayments capability to the following
factors:
 Mild slowing of sales.
 Acute reduction/slowing of sales.
 Small increase in cost.
 Large increase in cost.
 Adverse economic conditions.

The financial section of your business plan should include a sales

forecast, expenses budget, cash flow statement, balance sheet,
and a profit and loss statement.

Expenditure Cost

Security 5 lakh

Rent 30k

Employee salaries 1 lakh

Raw materials 1 lakh

Labour 3 lakh

Total 10.3 lakh

Setting up and 1 month expenses

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