In the Vineyard of the Text A Commentary to Hugh’s Didascalicon IvAN ILLICHnilich, Hivin piesophen estoy and vec ia ich was Ivan, Contents Sori isnot Hmay wa ns Gordy Made 1926" ‘Nowa Dacoolg acy an ABC Te ape che ep Mind He isin pets pinpty the Une ‘yo ener as FoepanaSeUseate ‘Tete of Cay Pe Chicago 66s ‘The Universi af Chgset, ©1999 by aia Bones ‘Alper Pubs ‘re he Utd Sere Rc ISBN oa26 572959 (ot) ay of Cong Calin acon Dts ih a, 906 Tete ied of the ea cometary tags Dida rae ete pap erences 1 Hag of Sa Vows Yoga ge Diwesion. Leng sad chlhipHiten™ Adel jortoc. Mamet Meira tinny 1 Tae AHL tos corde vous (©The pepe ae ti abenon men minima eer ‘eas of he Aman Naor! Sard ornate See “remanent Pyro Poa Lia Saas ATS ote Introduction 1 Reading toward Wisdom 7 Twctnn ‘Aucroras Srupiine Discrpuna Sunnis ‘Loneew ‘Ta race 45 anno ‘Tae new seur Anactras Onde, Memory and History » ‘NEVER 100% DOWN ON AXTEENG ‘Onno Aras “The Taaasuns ciesr mi Tie READER’s ART ‘Dur uistone oF wEMo ‘Te wawvee's Sean. ar" SERVICE OF PRArER, -Mamony 1RAikiNG As PRELUDE TO WISDOM. Hisronia as rounpattoN ‘ALL entation 1s waonaterCome Monastic Reading ‘Meprearion Inthe vei - Vineyard of encoun enue the Lext Schon Reading ” Hogi apps a rarace ‘Twn bor 70 meaD In sete oF StaxeR INCOME Thar Canon Rectan wos BY IS ECO ‘Tar running oF te ace ‘The sew cutie MONOPoLIzes LerrIns Steer neADING ‘im scuouasric picrAno rom Revotded Speech othe Record of Thought 93 “Tn ALPHA ASA TECEROLOGY [Front iz Tack OF UPIERANCE TOT MIRROR ‘os ri count OX A STORY TO TH STORY ‘anour a susjicT COnpneartorVistoue arrenns ‘Stare evens DEANE ACESS ‘Riniasine npeaxe [Avtnion vensts CoMPHAR, COMMEETATOR, AND Luvour ‘in nowsantz Boor From Book to Text ns "TOWARD & HISTORY OF THE TEXT AS OBJECT ‘Tue anernacrion of THE TET Lino ano Fes “Ate ans Pec” Bilogaptiy wsIntroduiction “This book commemortes the dawn of zhoasticreading. ells about the tmergence of an apa eer that George Steer calls bok ish and which for eight hundsed year legitimated tt estabnens oF western scholsc nsrusons. Univeral hookishess became the ‘ote of western secolarrligion, and schooling ts church. Western 2 ‘al ely has now pur aside faith i bookisines ae eas pu aside Christianity. Since the book has ceased tobe the ultimate rato for thei exstence, educational isiwtons have proliferated. The seen, the medium, and eommuieason” have surtepiouly replaced the ag, leer, and reading There deal with the begining f the epoch ‘of bookishness which snow closing Ido so because chs isthe appro [rate moment ro cultivate a vere of appronches fo the page tht hhave mor heen able ro flows under the monopoly of schol reading fess wpe ao commis. [iti pelt rl bee {0 on pera or monte Iya des hoes guise noiet iy ena d autres mangees par ls cannibals jj canals wn ose gu et bot (on pent les fare cus mélodies commmercisles ‘which hae loti cocki rode ‘There ae some hours which down there are others estes by ennnibale Tigow 3 tied which swallows thera fnd.one can make singing commercial of hem “These lines evoke the approach I take to my subj. They ate rom 3 poem by Vicente Haidobro, the Chilean associate of Apollinae, "wounded when he ranfr president of iscountry in 925, ater a War oerespondent in Spain and France." ‘concentrate myatenton on a eetng but very important moment the hicry ofthe sphaee when, ale centri af Chitin a Eg, che page was sucdealyeansfored ftom a score for plows murs- bets into an optically organized text for logical thinkers. Alter this date a ew kind of dsscal reading became the dominant metaphor {oct highest form of socal aes ‘Quite reel teadig-asavmetapor has been broken again. The spc and is caption, the comic book, the table, box, and graph, ‘Photographs, outing, cod integration wih other media demand ort ‘the er textbook hibits which are contrary to those culated in scholastic readership. This book conas no cris ofthese new habs of media manggeent, o the ining methods by which hese Ibe are established Te alko does aot in anyway question the pot ‘ance end beauty of bookish reading in ts manifold ways. By ging ack tothe origins o bookishnessT hope ro increas he distance be “tween my reader, wham T expect to bea bookish person, and dhe act isyin which he engages while reading me. Moder theo of how the universe came iat being tll thav an estemay delicate balance wa volved. Had ce tai crucial tenperatires and dimensions been even Butly diferent the Bag Bang could not have aocurred ‘The development ofthe modcin book and of book eae 45 we know leseams to have depended on a compara Fragliyofcraal and ttc actone Classical pine culate was an ephemeral phenomenon. According to Steines ta belong "the age ofthe book” meant to own the means of reading. The book watt Somat obec ft as acre at wll ‘Tercomlee pounce e ound in Viste, Oba compass vl = fae ae seciae dag sens 2 Get en Lm Sp for rereading. The gc presuppose private space andthe rcopition| of the right fo periods of sence a ell ar the exience of eho ‘hambers such a journals, academies, or cafe ice. Book clue queda more or les agreed-upon canon of textual values and ‘modes, And i wae more tban a mean by which those who Beare ‘xpert a could cain mile-claeprvloges for themseus. As long Sr bookish eaing wt the goa of ntation for Catholic, Protestant, Gnd assimiaed Jw, of lees and enlightened ania, of hi. ‘manists and scien alte, the frmalies involved in this one kind ‘leading defined, anc dd noe jas elec, the dimensions of soil pooay “The book fas now cated tobe the root metaphor ofthe ages the serees has taken is lace. The alphabetic text has become bat one fof many mode of ecading something, now called "the message" In ferrospet the combiatin of thos leren’ that fom Gutenberg ‘he wansstoe had feed bokishness appears as singular of his tne major period, characte of one—amely, wesern—sociey. ‘Thiet vo in spite ofthe paperback revolution the solemn een buble pocry readings andthe sometimes mapnfiene lowering of Senate, home based preses, Bookish ceding can now cealy be recognized a an epochal phe ‘nomenon ad not lgisly necessary step inthe progres toward the rasonal we ofthe alphabey as one ode of eacion wh de veriten page among several as a portclar Yoeaton ston. man 0 be euleiated by some leaving other modest others. The covnsence of dsinc sles of rating would be nothing new. To make fs point wane to elle oro eading during a stant past century oft ison. With George Sune I dream that ouside the educational ss tem which has amuned easily diferent functions there might be Something lke fens of reading, nor uke the Jewish su the I Jamie medersa, oft monastery, wheee the few who discover their ‘assion for life contre on reading would Bnd the necesay gu nce, alence, ad comic of deiplined companionship nese for the long intiaton intone othe oer of teverl “rpintaaies” or {oper of celontig th book inorder thats new acetcism of reading may come w lower, we must fist recognize thatthe bookish “last ‘a reading of the last 450 years only one among several ways of ‘ing alphabetic echrigus. This he reason why inte fies chapters I describe and ne pret sechicl brealthrough which tone pace around sso, thee Fndred year beforemovable type eae into se. This Beakvoush Consist in the combination of more than + dozen technical inven4 Irroducton ond egos hepupr ese, Sara mine eal ea ee then woe gan Ss hen ne Seat ccnp ch boa ae nen cams {al of he ant em es Th Se mong acne Sen ee at Sea edie anne sane ean Pop we ey aan eee te nm tens ctighs Dench Peres se lg of dr nbs” ean ‘omenology of reading-as-symbol in the twelfth century. Ido so in the teers tei fe eee eee ee a spe Runyan el ae ne scapes repens eae Sollee ingen yulcne omen nena core ew deme fon ag Sil Caray nop ar ase cae Secretar alee ane cees ‘Belen enya he Capea oe tos Ene Ka ug a a ine STi xe es eo relate extn dal Kasmbuch ede preps ae ance ee thos Gem sane rilonteciean Wares es ‘sop inreheel Stree isacaaund yield oe eae oti a oe anc sae rcv cotad nee ene ey Scan emis pees tes har eae een ‘Seep ey mr ae ee ate peicleg patie anes foe aly or dango ee, Soran ecient et et ene in whch ae hen cava ena a ee ig ah ct a ne ‘Sar nd ime tip an st er he dle ih he lai hehe apy sirhaba, and at withthe toy of arin, aseare Soe Sona ada oa eta lrodecion 5 the historical stdy of ltrs most ofthe concepts wed que niey Inthe now fashionable hitry of modi sppest ss creatures ofan a ‘habetc eitemology whos history isthe subj we choose to ves {igte: By centering oar analysis onthe jc that shaped by leer, tnd on the habs and fantasies conneced witht oe re ten tit bj ino a mirror refesting sigan ranean inthe mental Shape of western societies, something nc ely Brought out by other Spprosches ‘My choice ofthe carly twelfth centuy to lusrate che impact of the alphabe inthe courte ofa lng history has been dicated by my ography Fr fry years Ihave peioeally delighted in ending the sutors ofthis one generation, and seahing for thee souren For Aecades very special fection has ed me to Hh of Se. Vietor, 29 ‘nom fea rae a am othe ey bet of i sl ving ence fs, among whom Gerhart Ladner sans out inthis context: When Profesoe Kuchesbuch athe Universit of Hagen, launched his ute culum oa te impact of eh alphaberaeé objec on western clus ieseemed loge and Sing that [coment cm Hugs Didascalcon Teis the ist book wet onthe ar of sing "Thavenoe writen this book o make alenedconibuson wrote ig to offer a guide to vantage poi inthe pst fom which hare {tained new insights into the present. No ove shoal be mised ito {aking my footnotes sr ether prof oo ivitaton to, schoachi, ‘They are hereto remind the reader of he dich harvest of emors bills—rocks, fauna, and flors—which a man bas picked upon repeated walke through a carain ate, and nose wo keto share With othe. They are hee ial to emourage the reader to ven Inco the shelves ofthe Hear and expen with dine yer of reading ‘Wiring this esay was shared enjorment because each sentence sot ts shape by being tossed back and forth between Lee Hoincki fnd mys What had stared asa sey inthe history of rechnoogy, fed up a8 8 ew insight int the history ofthe here. We came Snderstad Hugs ar logan as ase GSA Tous by 3 technical object Our mediation onthe vival of this ode of en. ingunder the aegis ofthe bookish vet ed so enter upon a stor sry of an ascricem tha faces the uet of computer "ray. Tio feends swt that these rumions Became ook: Valen tina Bocrerans who, with cial eathasas, urged me 09 om stage ‘stage ofthe manuscript and Carl Mitcham, whose careful season 1 deal, both age and sal, improves the fetX= ONE Reading toward Wisdom Oni expetendorum prima est sapenia. “OF all chings to be Sought, the fst is wisdom.” Tiss how Jerome Tapoc translates the lead sentence ofthe Didacalicom of Flagh of Sant Victor writen ‘round 1128. Taylor's introduction, ransaton, and notes ae a as terpine. By his careful choice of wos and subtle metaphors he pro ‘ides the best valle ronning commentary t thi txnlton of Carly twelh-century text is copious notes ae mainly concerned ih Hugh sources, Even afer trent Sve years, daring which sl ly igeret in Hugh of St. Vier has fowrthed, they reir Yery lise dating” ‘45 ed La ads ee Ysa ‘Sct nied ok fon hae “Seo cl Lesion ged Seo Vir ire Diao ic ‘ond tpt Tn Peach a ca compe ae ofr nd ‘Spiers ey nae gh cnr ca hat ey tins egos Sec cre Daan, eS Lgn ‘crt don yer Ch Hy Bane Be Tag, 1. The Cae Uy Pro 939 Ch sal DB, ba oan ‘td eae seh, ‘Saul ef quar he ge wih bes om ho D The bet sli ti noe he ecg ‘eons emma he ati witht eee ate ay hee‘ ening Wisdom ince “OF all things to be sough is the keynote pss of Hugh’ book on the ar of reading, Medieval manuscript were ually untied. They «aese Be named ats thee opening words called thes nip Popes sell use the incpt in leu of ale when they weiteanencyleal ee ‘er—for instance, "Rerum novarum” (May ‘5, 891), “Quad imo anno" (May 15,1951), Solctado re sti” (Pebeasey 18, 2388), When medial documents ted, one pve ts inci a splice lax words. This mode of reference to eter by te Sint and lst ine makes ic sound reli pece fas, whose fet and lis few one identify ifr the peeformer ‘In Hugh’ case we are lucky to possess tl survey of his write inex nh aro catalogue onion exten irene ‘cpt wil explain later how the book gor the peclace which Taylor publishes with ductors ‘Tides are Labels, Bur am inp is ke a chord, es choice perms the stor o evoke the eadon into which e wants place his work By the subi variation ofa frequently repeated sentence he ca sete the purpose har prompt him to ite Hugh’ ep leaves no doubt tha he places his book iat lng “iascae""wadiion whose toot go back to Greek fection ‘on aides, or te formation ofthe young and ther introduction nt fall izenship, This tradion was brought io Latin by Varro 8 ‘man Geo cad “the mow learned of Romans Var, bance of Cactar and Augusws, wrote, among other thing, the fst nonnaroe _ranmar of Ltn, Though acy duller himself he wot four bose ‘on sgricltare or gardening that Vere sed as is soure forthe cs, ea tera, cowhers songs, a coletionelga) of posta th rs tablabes the “backto‘thetand sheme and the sear for incor landscapes in wser erature. Varro mas the se who defined leat, ‘ngasthe “search for wisdom,” phrase epeted by scene gers 2 Jeph Gh“ Tae esd ermine ose do ig pr tan” Ree Ses ge ooh es drs Ge wd igh hs om eying" Ose ly en of hese re ou ee eek StS lr ea ts “tng tole” Mediral we engl alfcomenaars Sones Resting owed Wisom . avon of write “red pinging” The ok i which ca ope deion hae helo hi tate sures oly Sete feria, os exit Hugs ncpt cms the heritage of Varo sews sanded down by sai Ceo an Quinn tee singe Frareaned schoolmaster who wroteon the slo acing ern {hs adam te uit ask fhe pagoda shat of 2 guide whol the staent asp he Good, bono, wh, ar, ‘eligi ppt ow, apetia Bath wordr appr Hugh Incipio all things obese et ha nd awh he {orm othe pec good wands xe pena gus pret bod forma consistt. Like several of his contemporaries, Hugh is aware of ‘Nr sources ng che pe-Chion sage f Rome, (Gey aot pany good tt would aay Hugh ice ct word i pati By conning wis with “he form lhe pe fet oo” be sigs be accep the meaning a Varo dea ton, buts was ced and change anand ony Augsine hs wring are deeded in Augsine. Heed io 4 comuaty thar folowed Aamo le He aera and copied he ext ‘this maser Reading ad wg were or he tw snot is {uthableside ofthe same sudo. Hw thoroughly Hugh’ xs re options inepectons, and sewordngs of Agi cu best be ton ot work on he scramcnty which eae fr. Hit fal nes and death prevented hn mn Bishig is le chapters, a se ding. le a ioe at a reps eer ‘Buttes tend ction we slp ernie Toca ‘rs wan ney msg esr es ' ih radi Ov. *Hag von Ved ica” Di Thoma 90 seas ren wh ee dc wn a ‘hy aes Hag ine med he op ters ps ‘Bagh wa rn," ce Rp spe wc ce ‘Gray aol Pre Dehua ghee spn el ‘Sythe Gre in pet pre td Does ‘Scope ete tn lpn Op om rs Ars 9 Ssews eating toward Wisdom aly an cal eae extant And this drat consists mostly of excerpt ‘Eom Aagusine which he had not yet fully digesed ito his own dc tion and se” "As wth Angustne, wisdom was for Hugh not something bc some- ‘one? Wisdom inthe Augosinian tation isthe Second person of the ‘Tiny, Christ “He the wisdom chrough whom [God has made all thinge_- Hes he Form, He is the Medicine, Hes the Example, He is yous Remedy" "Tae wacom Hugh sch is Crit inl Learing and, special, reading are both simply forms of 2 serch for Christ the Remedy, (Garis the Example and Form wich fallen bumaniy, which hae fot is ops fo recover The need of allen burma for enon wih wi Adm fs cenrl to Hugh’ though. This makes the concep of rm ‘hom, re of medicine, era for an understanding of Hugh God fecane man fo remedy the dvordes usually esponesed i vseal teem as “dates,” in which omariy, erough Adam's, bat boas gh pom en fing te df cmaractg boat Ben sip ean ewe Di Amd ag ep in en Sh inshn sine Henne De sme So soay eph 39 "Jor de Cheic, Eor e ade atie Xle see Maen e si etd ors 994 Hah le aioe br a ey ‘Stores wah pon seno And Re fe mow ecg ‘ese wea a em Cea a ye cs a of ‘Sc ih cnarvoen eh cme ode hen, Fos te tad tt Amt ode armasine agin oe See ines et ‘St wth lr hm ep eer ni eel beret ‘Sin Fl neny wish we sve tohcone commen song ee “ugh one em pre omer nd oon ae erste et acm ier ohn etc ira gu abt se Sr on mai en zip eens and wana Hug of ‘ior Rep oy amet p de Hg da a Pe et lary 9) hit hy non noton ef edn cal tre 1. Naeger mato Semen gh ele Ramancur myc oe ced anny Lane Tapa EGE Ghote ghng ape rds de ages oon [pera ine rns pone deat an ie ‘Etietg ae of agit omnes Scot epore a a rei arn Se hapa! Unc s ema rant ap P90), Mircenmerary or Aun by Hugh cane etin Deu i wich inlay psc by gre ns Denon ape 719683 steeped, The uimate remedy is God as wisdom. Aes and sciences des rive thei digit from the face hat Shey share ia bing semedis for the same purpose. Hah, by developing te concept of remediom, provides forthe twentetncencry thinker a unique way to address the sue of technique technology. Reading, sx Hagh perceives snd Incerpet ig san ontological remedial eenique intend vo explore itaesuch, analy what Hugh bas to ay abou the techniques wen teaing n order 0 explore the role that alphabetic technology payed ‘ound 1150 in the shaping ofthese teckoigues." ‘Some qs pets moent ese pce a “ss PL.177 pay Dadeci nent st ge dan ens sebaraponre propane: Aerts do, mean, won ‘re Sapa in toms atte, oad stn repent Sep i i maton ‘iron prin seine pet, ran ars i at aot more io, pe ton sere fr scr ie. er sie ‘Spe con ro or aca et prea ma Too i etaonr pte cute cts dace, ort tie, Beings eo ars ma Sti hve i mig hang Thee ae ck ee Jie wc lows one reagent Teena en tik Hy pte pc of ado and wd eis of ooo ad eva th mt i ole ph tsp fe hn at Seika es meal ary es row foc el tag emmy cin ‘ha nae pest ni ae ‘Obata acts y wach ch i pees cae "stam br oer paw ace nl wich inc in cto eee ay med enh ees Eon ae ‘Festa lean scr te pater ello Tailed akg Ts nl inredacon his on on ater fe rd ale SS Gy sel aye Reesor fe Rov eri brtson cs Te pats aa Wier Lana ee np” {hone Edsel Tit Comin (ec Pon Unie Pre "st Lam cone sth ocr aan te sotn of ex” and wth ee coy of itn athe ml cee or Sk ea= Reading toward Wisdom A close seatny shows that the acpi not taken dicey rom Augustin. lis formulation sees frm the De conoltione phloos, Phe of Boethius, who sbiy bu significantly modied Augusene:= “Of all things co be soup the Ret and the reson why all hers this are pursued isthe Good in which reas the sibtance of God." The philosopher who speaks of God tones down the Ces tet asson of he ron conver, Augwine* hagustne wales oe foxes pagan who cannot forge that reenly dscovered Christ {54 Person Boethius is boa in 80, exacy fly ears afer the desth of Aagstne He isthe her of Christan tration of evel genes ions As « Roman consul, he enered into the serie of Ki Thee Aoi, he Ostrgorh invader Accused of tras, he wr his Be con lation wile awaiting execution Unt the pasionate newcomer Augustine, who souphe to deech himself from he mages often, Boctius tins toward them. In Plato, Arto Plains ad Veg ‘secs ralaers who prepare hewn forte comingol Chase By doing 0, he eae « major source on aniguy for medial cans who accepted the idea tht eles! phonoph, copia Stoic, vas 4 paeporatioevanel,spelace to the Gospel'= ‘ea claing occ at armed dc pre al, Soc Sas reli henge sl reas men no ‘a Se Pete Cora “Ee cgi commons doe Corso de ot (KR sr Anh ae dete hare moor pitino try, ea etter tee snineaemoeraenenameth Serpico ec a egy Sipehieroeianiereries Soeawaeenermeer eee ‘estan ch norco aes a ecr nan Hee tC ly 7 a Con Ee nko he ae "ewas bough op in ea sodas ewig veda Gree Ar having ed Spieler dws pul le eke ee otal inden agp vane mi nlp cule emia at ‘toil ease athe Chae Romer Erp eee cer eager Resection poceeorca ume pereimnpeeae Teagan eran a Sane Sauer ee Reading sovad Wisdom ® “he posers taht he ol of sng wae wisdom as the per good snd Chin ace even ht spr Sod concn be Word of God me Fish” Forshecomtenqony eset mop asia ogi 23 ents ory ein, When Cin {ar of pen in Shakerpenes Pons hy turing sortie "Sultan ong ce te hale eg” ee Sessa, 48) dcr sya heb sabe eae owes norte had come wey aur ba ha tng bs number of authoriate cranes had erbsedNerepar ton of might wisdom. Auhoitnin ao abe a Sener which td preceeded ray. We gh ‘de is ncoras an hs heyace he doc ne appeal fo Baro Bis presi The emnce te cbc tl Pecily bse ta been dembedaed fom fe daca a thi ot tet prlat Author ad bee a ee floating serene Assach tal ints tly Hage nay inn) toumoochtl adn ‘Studion ‘When we ranslae the incpit as “ofl things tobe sought the frst is witdom,” would be easy ge fl approval fom any Beyer su dene of Lain. Prina i the See Bs, preci thi sein ana ‘ency ofthe Lain word presents the dficalyencounered by anyone who stems to Eglsh sucha tex: No daub cman expend rina says “of all eachabl thigs the very) st.” rane Prima wit “fs,” eannor but case minandersanding For vs ose, ‘he Bs hing tat which somes st the beginning ofa seis ot loses at hand. Weak the is of many sepa when we sae a book fa reseuch projec, sepeting that out endeavour wil ead ws on, reaps beyond our preset horizon. But the ehoegh of an late foal of all reaings not meaning ous, Even les here any idee thar Such a goal could meivate or “cause” cur action whesere we ‘pena hook. We ate seeped inthe sprit of engineering and hnk of the trigger athe use of» proces. We donot tink ofthe hear as {he ese ofthe bles eestor. ‘We live afer Newton. When we sees sone thts fling, we per civ cab beng inthe grip of gravity. We fn tical share the Detention of medical schol wha ses the same phenomenon at gp reg scm Mah meno tis a4 Reading toward Wado caused by the stone's dese to approach the cath this the causa ali che "al ease” of thi movement Instead we pesctve afore ‘thts pushing the heavy body. The acest desiderion natura, which Isa natural desire ofthe stone eo come to esta clue a ica 1 the ‘vam ofthe cath, has become for ura myth, Even moe thorough, the ides of one ft or primary Final Cause, one ulate motivating ‘esson ofall desires that ahd inthe nature of the stone ofthe Plane ofthe reade, has become foteign 10 our cena." "End Sage" the peentth-century ment universe connores death, En teopy sour ulimate destiny. We experience realty as monocausal We ow only fen causes “Ths the reason wy che wanslaion of prim at “the st” eat ‘once perfec ansiation coda misleading nterpreation. in modern Engl wane t refer tothe Good, Beauty, or Tuth that inthe trac ‘onal sae moviates all exience {mst peak ofthe "alimate fn Son” thie ngs everything into exisence by sagging rater than by Pubing. ‘De suio lagen, the subtie of th bok, ist challenging anda. What gee and lero mea for Hugh the bjs ofthe fete book, One cannot spelt ou ee a3 few words. But when I Bia ro rasa the fist erm, de tio, Iwas happy that [followed ‘ny hunch co look cup inthe OED rather than inthe Oxford Latin Drcionary, Tor the word study sb. ME, the OED gies the following ist and sscond meaning" (Chie in earalatons from Latin Alletion, Fendinss, devosion to anothers wefary parisan sympathy, desi, fvelnain; pleasure o interest fen omething--Ni al thee mest ngs are obsolete sine 1697.2. An employment, occupation cleo [ete since 2610" Ie would therefore Ke werong 0 say tht the Books an introduction to that which today iealled aries "Tes ide 10 kindof activ which sas cultural obsolete atthe canes ai.” (Only wih this qualcaion ca the book be ale guide to higher suis, Studies pursued ia a twelthceneary elmer challenged the “Suen heart ad senses even mors than his seaming and sine Stay did mor refer roa limial epoch of ie, ase wally doesn nod ‘entimes, hon we sy that someone “is student." They encom "Glan, rm tl Dari a Back Agi A yi Ca ‘9, nd Ene Nore De, anne Nee Dane Pr {3th cig inf pal costo ron change wie alder ale aS a okine lon Hap de Ve ie ey nd Mong 98 8. pased the person's daly ad lisong rosin, is socal satus and hi “SmboleFncton, No doa ths book canbe alked sou as a mesh ‘al precursor of the propaesestic erate which provided cura foe frst year university students nate cea n-his book Hugh ‘rer adsice onthe division ofthe dines of his ne andthe meth~ fad which fr them, He also discuss at length how ‘he Feld of the Keowrable are tobe divide. Hele the canon of lasics with which heexpects the student o be familia: Howeves, whatin Hugh’ view isthe mow centralise ate the ves node for and developed by pir 7 Disiling “The studio legend forms the whole mook and weadag wll come prsfec a6 the monk himself surves for, and fal teaches, per~ ecto. + The beginning of discipline is hum. andfr the reader there ate tre lero aught by hai that ate paricuaely important: Fast that he old no knowledge fr writing whatsoever in contempt! Second, that be aot ‘lah lear rom any man." Third, chat when be has lng” Ree de sen phicrpbigwes et elon 35 19:3 686-93, Hes ‘Set Dac ef dag pe tbe ‘Shur aed tman pera koe Se DBI ps: pene omni ab cma ere oh gate ‘Sones ton "You wile ie as ee lage ca (eo mings gai DE 9.90 SE vse noe nn dae Chip eet ‘od tenn ma ost mot Of Hee 2a oo on ome errata tmp puny stig se pe noo {ig pedo lod a Ses Sd ots ope noe ‘son, non dno pre ifr boa ue en ‘Ee hab lle oremde dcr gram ae pet’ grief et, Scars, PL Sao tebe lm os Cen too The pot Wado om mae Orn Tee ‘Sinn repens inow shag aocne win nerves gcse omPa ean toward Wem ‘aie eating himself he not look dowa apon anyone he * Acq iiss as important fr dcp, whether the ‘let be inteson so chat the mind not daca with. lt desires, or exes so thi lesare and oppority se provided for erediable and wefl sues = + Notthankr steeped of spec mporace 3 cipal a he ning go aa a {forch subtle sense And finally ll the world must be: come frei sail for hoe who wat toad wih or econ Te Poe saya “I know not by wat secs Dasv soi ets aman. And srs nota Should forge” The plosoper mu inn, bey iyo ‘These are vore of «dozen ues of «geet charac that Hs ts fo the hap af howe habs wich cerns muse coe oe Sa ring ethno ware hn acum ‘sew Te wi den ee hall al dl, nots down wpe 0 ‘rg gs waclng Roma in sasha, {dR canes tot how mat enw, ew me es poe ‘mes nee Maoh ing Tol rater wik dey Wir ancs e Sttun cana po ear ny owns” DES a Sty se ‘es § Dam red baron, OS Wawa a8 Theses es ‘seal es nh naa Se" fund mf gcd eee inc Tc esd driest tence ene ee sc et ore he hy et po Sebel crepe DBL 7. Uren cringe nee e ‘anata pep atone sien ee ‘so rr “Api en me pape ee ‘yi alle wee ry on ney ent roe ope rere ait sb oyomm on Ms tong a Mn Pr ea we See 3 ser a by new Ot ae Powe 1.-6 eating toward Wor a of knowledge pursued forthe purpose of shoving of The readers ‘one who has made himself nto an exe in edt to concentrate his tie attention and ese on wisdom, which thus Becomes the hoped for home. Sapien In the second senrence ofthis fest chapter Hugh begins to explain Whe wisdom does. The sentence bepins spies lat ome, “wisdom illuminates man"... ut sips agnosat, "that he may secognzehimsel." Once again, nchisrendering, translation and exe- sess ain colic, and te English woeds chosen ould easly vel the ‘Sas that interpseation can revel Enlightenment in Hugs woald and what i undestc stelgh enmunt now are two diferent things, The diference ot erey that wwe ip height switch and Fgh wed wax candles, The light wick in Highs mecaphocc usage aluminate tthe counted ofthe ‘igheenh-century it of reason, The light of which Hogh speaks here brings man to aglow. Approaching wisdom tnakes the reader, radiant. The studious vag that Hugh teaches e+ commit to tgage in an activity by which he reader own “sl wll be Red Sn brought to sparkle" The kind of book Hugh encountered when, back in his childhood in andes or his boyhood in Saxony, be was taught how to hold ‘ced or pens ately comparable othe printed ojeson out shelves Tehad neo the ata charactenine ofthat bundle of mache aed pers covered with printmarks snd glad together a he spine tht ‘we today tak fo granted. The pages wee sll made of parchment ‘ther dan of paper The anslcen sheep-o goatskia was coved ‘wih manuscrpe and brought coe by ministre pained with hn “Smear te scooters cere ‘tet cern lvehone nol oon ssc eins Soin ese onuremrmesnai es a. Gahaw Hae “Han nny Mar do enon and Oda sacar emaceaitee Spy cto: 33: K ner “Reng he Woelé bc and Suma: Bnwtentaney Drie of eSSTaT rs nay eee* eating toward Wisdom ‘rashes. The form of Perfect Wisdom ould sine chiough ches sing, ‘ring ees an symbole to ight aod kindle heey of the rade “Tolace a book was comparable othe experience ore an relive ety inthe morning in those Gothic churches ia which theoriginal windows ave been preserved. When the sm scsi brings cif the colors of the sane glass which before dawn had seemed ke blak tang in stone aches “Fagus ih Von Spo Pine Maer nde mince of Vi ‘eee eta bolero nutans acter ihn by seo re “Tu bow Hag expen hn sscroments Cringe i rc 135 ty s9sD-sh: Dom ms ur cto ek ta ir ‘ile ection poet dfn a orem ‘Sefer eps ms pro str ma ao ‘mama asim pn ta a is ‘fr na on se on pot rps mst ‘Pome cameron sah pd ee ‘Scan tcl ter cop cso pene odes tert, Rata sfc npn tenon ee ‘mg penta pny i tie atin ‘ronson coat a mani cok rena Deeb 53. ‘peter ms in dn lies ea a a per inn tot hme ls ‘wine Now x ie cenit loa raat doe Sige hogar asain nc See coo oddest esi sc tel, ol ight dans, that i ite om ce 9 STS itn tered nc ao ar Inc confron comin rine Teer say are See tte Tate nea tr iol pee nero Sea hea nt ee dag nar ‘foe thsthepomie rade Bland ae he eam fet bar salle God ‘seh eames rial fol yr etna ebamae ictal cant usa os oer mp bro Ae al hin res {Sampo sr pers dab he como hgh. ar ph cn ho ery eed ne sept PL 17, 874, Mah de wih be emer, gor ‘enh wl a sno sy and by od Sem ea ‘tou py calgon Thema pecan ne ‘Seton cw ial i ete pal sane op Dee eating sand Wisdom 8 Laomen In order to ener appreciate the perception of ight: nature in the ‘eth century is elt place a mnie from a contemporary der nex to almost ny painting of later period. Comparing the two, ane immediately notes thatthe beige which appest om the parchment are luminous on tr own. OF eur, hey ae noe painted Sith luminescent punt, and they remain sve in complete dare test, ar soon a you move them nto the ambien lige of x and, the faces and clothes and symbols take on aadance of thee ow. “his isin stark contas to Renaisance at, whose cestors delight in shadows and in the paitiag of things hat ae hidden in darkness Sgnorell, not to speak of Caravaggio, proud that he knows how 19 paint opague objects and, an dion, che ight which makes those ‘bjs light.” When you lok thie painting ou fe thc lg from 2 plae, which is dsiac from he plane ofthe ptt, sues the pice fate and has the funtion of making the pictured word visible. These pines give the impression that they hae ceated dark Woe of {hinge ich would sil be thee even ifthe lighe they add were ‘eentingushed, aly ewellth-enrury miniatures, howeve, continue inthe waditon ofthe icon used inthe eastern Chetan Church,” Falling this ta to, the pater neither pints nr suet any ight tats the objet sed then cellected by it The World cepeseoted a5 ifs Ieings ll contin their owe somrce of ght, Ligh i iaeranent this world of medieval things, and they reach the ee of the Beholder {as tourer oftheir wa lumanosty. You fe haf ths, hee ins iy were extinguished, what nthe picere would ot jst cease 9 Ive, bor would case to exist altogether Light er sn ed 283 funtion bt coincides with the Bidell—the paced elie ™ “hot i Gt a So Bar ane Abedin in Ear 99h ca ole Sco, Ohara Le mr ise). To Site inst ob Con Prd toy Eos de neat de fi aphaic ieee beh ae abba eoos esting towed Wisdom in cons: ro the paimers ofthe luminous beings of the medieval wold who spake in their Eigse and emanate light (Sodele), ‘he late aris punts the ight which shows what there Zeige, the lpke which comes from « pained sun os cso and uate hese objects (Belevchnimgaich). The igh of medieval manuscge “cis” the eye as God “reacher ot” tothe sol, When ugh speaks ‘flight which elighrens te eader he defnely speak ofthe re ™ For ugh the page ade, but noon he page, the eye also spar- es. Even ody in ordinary speech eyes can “shine” har whea Joe Say thar they do, you know you speak meaphorclly. This was noes for Hugh. He concived ofthe minds operation in analogy withthe ‘perception of it own body” According tothe spiial optics ofthe Early scholastic, the lomen ocloron be ight which ensnates fom ‘he eye, was asesury to bring the luinous object of te word inte "he onlookers sense perception. The shining eye wes a condition for sigh, The inp implied tha reading removed the shadow and cack et from the eyes oF fll remedy beesuse it brings lghe back ino a world fom which sin banned ‘i Aesoeding ro Hugh, Adam and Eve were cteated with jes so lumi- ‘sous that they constaraly contemplated what one ow mus paaflly Took foe 'By sinning, Adam and Eve wee excluded from paras, rom a world of radiance they were banished toa world of fog andthe eyes 8 Fe adh an rsd athe cyber aig Go iba eu deny res an a in aking ee Inge Picea Aan! 36 Gio Shomer cin Do ge Mia 2 ly Mech Grit Bunch syst suns edcrhe ‘de Mie Ae ee eon eur espa Sect ol a meant San toe ‘ine wl hoop. 34a nna Hah are pen 1p ie eda rs api comenprtay ere ne ek sco Sr iP npr: Hom an is ot sare tol ‘gn cnn core pcs np ce Bg ceca i, ‘pein ments sab tne ps bom ma oa ies os Cle prc at sn os tab Sa eae eat ‘ee ar mets sp lt mone spol sete See isa mena csr formate mae ao one ‘ne mie pnt ones man cer fers fos a ‘sia Capa mae Oa apt sana moe mp rs crpors fo il conan 2 ka ops Its ona enum Nara so ee (20 damn or mare scan dans no ee ce ‘Are rant ttn denn cadre sat arene Readlog ward Waders Jos tb tnsparency and eaiing power in which bey had been re fed and whch sl man pte and dst, Hah pees he took ay medicine fr the eye. Hemp thatthe hook age a 0 me eed allows the rete hugh t,t sme porta which nature demands, bo which fl ee darks fo prevent ‘The page as mice ugh asks the reader to expose hil co he light emanating from the po, agora api that he say recog hel a oles sl In he ih wom that bong page low, the elt he ul wil ad it he eer ‘ecopine ial. Here again, Hugh quotes an cuore go Santon the maxis “Know tyre” which fst peered in Rene ‘hon, femais a stands cpr tirougho ania nd ely {ord inthe elt ener" Hower te ete ft tat shor {atv key senteace quoted aad requted unchanged ovr 2 miler ium and more 0 guaran thar ts ens has cane unaltered ‘Sema liga Seat ein hors li pe rien rm i a ert ‘thd dacat dn “hs ngs pred fre he ec at ther ig os, ths ae Aa es ipa mnt re wee alo ‘vars se een tad mn ‘Sent ng smb ly Spe ed eed ee cre ey inet of eed tray [in ar we erating arb ye ea he yr eoma ‘Shou soe tecnica pod fa canal Thebes serena ce Ze erm or ee ie Th cha gig at ‘eurcn ohal cdg nd th sigy mati a choo fod SES remem onan we sewn Yk Pa Cant nt de ot Sn Bed 9 yo Patio fens erences examen hid ea from ew merce unghen totapn nr ha ee it “DBL pe mnwtale que Suerte ian pit rhc tna nda apn ee gua gc, odi Reaing ward Widen Tisirthe eston why Iam tempted to translate sepsis, when writ rep by High a ehy Sel rather han “yale” That which we mean today when, im ordinary conversation, we speak ofthe "sl or the “indivi,” one ofthe prestdacoeres ‘Othe ret century. Neither in the Greck nor he Roman concep ‘uslconelltion was hee» place into which col have Ste. The “tude: of she Greek Fathers or of Hellenic plosopiy i ikl 10 ‘emade painfully sware of the diference between the starting point sand oxte One dificaly in understanding them i age eto the ‘ac tha they had no equivalent to out “person.” “A secal rain which oor Kind of se taken foe granted cont sues an ecentrety among cultures” This een emerges no ‘icabl during the twelfth century. Hugh’ work witnesses ro the ise ‘Sppearaceof this new mode of beng. Asan extemelyseasive per ‘om hcexpsience the new mode of liad characteristic of his ea pte ip et pe pl eth saan ht oc ‘petri eral ms mined by Wan, noone pct oper oso ws yng ode al hen at ti'aal cuter hi won oth pdt Aplin sca, “hats oom toa” DT ph Sl Bay ery of he ni servo endo Th se kr ste he Gaba ot i korg {nue paras of eda Te ar ee ome he mee Ta ceil tesla: degen Se haem dare nese hore ‘recite etn ah Sk ee Siete Touran ey Eiseete anenmcla meres eat gy tee ene Sel iy Fe i nd oe ni np mhamliacce Gt elated aoe esrlaeehnaenneanipenitnae Reading urd Wisdom 5 tration. Asa reader whois well cad in “all the Kteratare here i,” be finds ways co interpre taditonal avcrovtares and mentalities i och 2 way that this new slthoed could expess self wits them. He ‘want the reader eo faethe page 50 that hy the Light of wid be Shall cover hs self the mor of che parchment" In he page the ‘eader wil acknowledge himself notin che way ocers se him oe by thetles or nicknames by which the calli, but by Knowing isle brea. ‘The newslf ‘Wit the spi of slF-fition, etrangement sequins s neve pose meaning. Hugh's call sray from the "sweemer of one mate sol” tnd. a jourey of selfdscovery bat one mance ofthe new ethos. Barnaed of Clara preaches the Crusdes, which ae another wy of expesing the sametnvation: They adres people a levels of the feudal herarchy te eae the common mind set ofthe neighbor hood, within which sdenity comes from the way others have nated tne abd wea me, and 0 dicover ther sees nthe fneliness of the long road. Ac Berard beckoning, tens of thousands lave thei i Iuge communies and dacower that they can svi om thet | buthout the bonds whch had sostined them and consrsned thts thin the predetermined feudal ordo iris and evades, el tng maroon snd mill mechanic, bepzae and rele thieves sinsuele tnd wandering shoe all hese aio take othe ond by thee of the welt entry Fag’ nsnence on the need that he chor be tellers echo this mood: He not tac ony one of Hs genet ie denim Mies” Ree Sen = or aah ‘et Go Cael, (ion Sal a Sp. Nachle Se, saa ‘phon a a Dera Ln Ln er eet may psa [age tras lena ie Ug ar ma Ra ‘etn lcs a ia Seni 17) ste eons ere coe et np dean why eng acne de i Gre tng der mie Ma opi ‘nto st mein aps sc le aes "Fede Hes Dr mfg Eras ne Ss dee Zaening ache pole Relat Pega onl dan rks Eas rar ac: pe capa rl ‘rth cee maning poe oar pa ecal osPy eating toward Wisdom tion to reefne he clostred if as peregrina in stabitat, which ‘means spiritual pleimage by shoe who have come hemes "0 oeal ably within» tlgous communi ‘Lam not sugesing thatthe “modern si bona in the tel ‘enury, nor thar the elf wich here emerges der no have» long aces. We rday think of eachother ae people wit rons. Out Pttonits are as detached from ea ater ay ae our bodies ss ‘ence nam iner distance from the comunity, which the gi who set out to Santiago or the pupil who studied the Ddascaco ha to «cover on ther own for us 2 socal ely something so obous that we would ne think of wishing it away. We ae born into «world fees, WH. Auden exprese clea Some they inches from ay nose ‘The Frone of my Peston pocs Andall te uni se beoncen [Bune pages or dessa Sangesnless with bedroom e eso oa ates Reare of rely aosing i have no gun, Brean a ‘This exitental fone is fhe stence for 8 person who wants to ft {azo our kindof worl Once it has shaped a chil’ eval topolosy, that being wl forever be foreigner inal "works" excep these ite rated by exes ke hime Jom Ls, “Moncada Files” Romie ‘hari 96) Fo tblan eaten ee «inte Center taht Due Tals Cpe Dawes nl of Eesti Haory 3 (980 aa “SEH fc Abn HoeLodos andom Hos 1966 9. tnt Wa eee arent ff ee e [poppet Rha 9 sme ea ‘ste ak, theme sth In Sr ome Ese inde eg ‘em Cab Cone ta nea a a ow NaC ‘an epings of Maca ndionim," Reon 2 (S98 1-7 Dumont ae ras ewes enn ne Geer soto Seperoree ati ee en td eating ward Wisdom 3 Tes commonly agued hat thie fromter comes ito exisence in Hupistime, ab one aspect ofthe new mesing person persona at its socal recognition.” For eater medietal, prom denotes ofc, funcdon, rol, vainly derived from the wos ongn inte Lath ‘persona mask For ur iemcan the eral iidulconcrived of ‘shaving unique personaly, physique, and psyche. "inthe person (of sll preserves the older seme hy formule fsszation, xt does ‘rson—ong eld be che legal persona whe could ue and be sed Incespost ofa par" ‘What | want o stress here i special corespondence between the emergence of sltbood understood ass person and the emerence of “the text fom the pages Hogh dice his ead to fori land Bure docs no ask him eae bis fay and accused landscape to move on the road fom place to place toward Jerse oe Santiago Rather he demands tat he ene himself o start on appre hat leads hough the pages ofa book” He spel oft Ultimate which should arac the pli, ae asthe elena ny for pins of he Self, bu as the form of Supreme Goodness which motives he ik ‘im ofthe pen He points ou that on this oad the rade sons ‘vay io the ight which wl ea bi own sl to hi. Hogh ret | sadents no to read 0 as to appea learned, bt ro sec ox the ‘saying of wise persons, and to ardently seve to keep chem ever before the eer of heir mind 3 irr before tei face” In lumin ‘debaras aman "Is Your ight we bal se ight (sal 363). igh always speaks fom an ttensely ital perspective, In the search for wisdom he gives pimacy tothe ee, Wh te eye be pee Seives the sueeness of Beauty. He speaks of the shadow oat of which the pilosopher has ro move ro appcoach the gh, 20d he sualy Speaks of sn i term of darknest. Enlightenment for Hugh aflecs fee pas of eye: the yer of the Bes, which dacover the teil ‘hing contained i the sublanar phere of semble bjs the eyes of 1. Pee Drone, Prada te Meg Nw persia oe 45 [Oud Caren Po, octet ye Deke en ‘i ft ee A Cte ae eam pea 2 Marae Fae Compe Comrie erin Pro tq Danese he ‘Sine ooo psc seh es ome © Srewoneperane le rag dg SCT us The OsfrDutary of Elba New Yrs Jen ec "Manu opi” $2: Demods data sy i pio ura aa met qu opi ere SdPy Reang toward Wiedom the mind, which contemplate the self and dhe wodd that i mirrors nds nly the eyes of the here, which penettace to the inezmost reaches of God in the Light of Wisdom, Gods Soa, hidden a the Ulmate "ook heap ofthe Father Amie ‘When Hugh ead e experiences the restoration of hat ight of which sis hs depeved ts Hie pligrinage a dawn through the vinerard of the pase lead toward para, which be conceives a a garden. The ‘wort that he pcs fom the tel of the ies ae foretaste and a Dromise of the sweeres hat to come. For bot the hopedor fae Fimene andthe means to reach k, Hugh’ ulate metaphor i rend ‘hip. Et phloophia amore staan ot amici quedanomodo sap. nie "Love and parmsic aad someting akin othe fends of Stadon,” motivate hi pigamage.” Paradox he way in which elt eatery monks Spek of iendship sounds sbameless vo ae fSentedcentory renders The allblonded embodiment of tender srt tg seubirnek paeweeaaceme PIES ge con "Cer eon De ae Se ‘Som (Opes nm, 238 6B Li Senin Crt, user eee eminent Seatac ome Sa ee Fatueseciecancenees aie paeetsct eoepeeeeadon co ac srcnernseneae” TIT as gH ape nsri d Seer euros vera aets wanreoenntens mea ‘en pif cra mma eR Pre ‘pr crn fae vl hn a come Pa lie eaten, po ent as oe od ane ‘ens Eine atc onc ip een Fob Sea pa {io aa sft at on rl i ain eating sand Wider ” friendship ofthese monks for each otber and thie site, who are rns, witnesses to aang of expeniecediameccallyoppoed to even the noblest "interpersonal relationship" found anywhere sine "he (Chater ban andthe Beate fast LP" Friendship i the word in Hugh for that love of wisdom whichis sapiens, of tasteful knowledge The fiends panaisus Fomo, "his ‘ery fist presence is beaying;Ienesip i a garden, a we of Bie, ‘wings forthe igh to God. = Sweetness light, fe, wound pare ise regained." When Hugh nthe Didasalicon explains the appeal ‘of windor, he cannot bute the metaphor of frinship hich ki rately motivate st" ors fo decades, Hops contemporaries recovered and Christian ‘aed the Platonic doce in which knowledge without fxdship at lights in the friend’ knowledge i deficent. He himself could not tvold interpreting the uote sm of studio in tems of i exper ‘ra ig re cane, ata scan man pen pr (2 gale me quo rat emo rae “Chaey mene To ‘eee a on hi Cry me Wn es Elvan rend ors mr one at onder sve ool ‘Teme and see ita ner hye er” ‘iting Oe Usnnncger scp rife der Fhe om ser baotins Botaleang te Vitor Rear ee edad, “at sepa spe manne (ick acne (erent he Chay hae adie fer ot ‘ilps Wine New Yo, ar Soran Gece 74 Hah nthe ct P75 coho ep sh na ono, Ee in a prt dome at “Sewpan “emer cds non, yom ney ood one ‘Saltire ee etal comet on “el Mane "Ame pana ewe meer ist {2 Aitehate Sart amo smn Spin oars 6 Ein ween wk rr cs, oer“ eating tard Wisdom nce. The igh of wisdom which envelope the mind ofthe staden calls and dws him back o himself ia such » way that be afi he cahee aloays as fiend, Trough the visible things ofthe woslé the ec reader ise tote invisible. rveling within his heat ose see Fader toward union in he arms of dil Go Sacer arian ener gehen truer sQinaraen twig and cig Sieh alee geen rcnltoet RSE wacom aoe oe eee ap er at iste smernnesceeemege oan Peale rien carte x TWO Order, Memory, and History Never look down on anything “Once you have gotten yor fill wth ise things, you may safely ty she big ones." Hugh quotes from Marbodus to tetrodace one ofthe fo pasnges in his etre workin which heel something abou his ‘wn Youth Inthsspliaerof an aurobiography’heocasonally lapses tata dret speech | dace ffrm before you that myself never lonked down ( anyching which fad to do with education bot tha ‘en feared many things which seemed to ober obs tore of joke or jst neste I rol ha when Ta il {schoolboy Tworkadard olenow the name of ll dings that my eyes fell poe ar that same igo my Sealy concluding tata mas eanos come ro know theatres of thingsthessslignrsat of her names How many times feich day would I epeat my line eof widorn ep") femats; crumbs of kncwledae] which, tanker ho ‘er had nred down in ane or eo words on pape 50 ‘hari migh Keep amladfl old onthe slstion dad en the number, of praca al the thoughts, questions, aad ‘objections which had lesned. Ofer propa ease! and, | ‘when te opposing contentions were Uned up again on DEM pn nt ds Te ys 1 Marta orem seb Fela PL ptezcae OS {Row uc “Nwe Sopp Hapa de Suc Yes Re he ceclatage seiner piesOrde; Memory and History ncter | gent diinguished what would be heb fr of tbe tctscan} what of the rato wa of {hesophise Td ue pebbles for numbers and marked {he paement with Black coals ana by andl paced ght ‘core my eh I pail showed wha dieeece there etween an obtueangled a igheanged, and an acute Steed angle, Whether or not an equate pact fram would yi he sme nea asa square when evo of ees wererulpedogetieyHesmedby walking Bok gure and measuring them wth my fee Often kept ‘watch excbau)outdoors trough the wine nights tke ‘She ofthe fixed sas, by which we mesure ine Ofen | Sted to bring ow ny sng, stetced to thee number 08 {he wooden ame, both eh ght note mth nye che {ference smong the tones snd tat Tsght athe sae fine dalgh ny ssl withthe sweetness of he sound: Thee ‘wer boyish purse to be sure not without dcr Berner dbs ny pri we he to you im order to parade my ovwledge, Which i Ether thing a all oF very lie, Bu trae 10 show + Jou tae he an who moves along ep by sep forint] Bike one who. moves along bes, no ike some who fal head over eds when che} wish co make rea ap shea Onde “The pasage from childlike seatching to asl reading is governed ty somthing that Hog calle ord In many stances Hugh sess the importance dat the seader advance with orden ordinate proce: {ire debt, or hat one ought t9 sede forward wha harmonious tat, Hlgh does not erty he follows, obervs searches the ocdet tihings "To order” isthe interoriston of that cosmic and syabolic hae {See ege oti ey i Sueatnig nage aime secatee rane etn eta sale nes, Memon and Hsory ” ‘mony Which God has etablshe the act of creation “To oee™ fest nether 19 organize snd strate knowledge according Preconeeived sje noe to manage The reader's order notin Posed on the stor, But the sory puts che reader into sts order The ‘sath for wisdom isa search forte symbols of order that we encoun ter on che page. Medieval post aad mystic ates the mative of he han prime are conseanty in fon of fork in the road. Allain search of symbol, which they mus ecognize and Sd by nding thee ‘wn place within heir odo ‘GeartLadne, whose grateful op Lam, has aed ou tention to both the contin and he bred in he meaning of eymbl ing the welt century. ‘ets one ofthe fandamentl character traits ofthe ealy Christan and medieval enlist the iting Boling a legs ato a ahi ta ject ‘and t0 express farhaly wars supers of Siverse shat wat ered a wdely and dep aan Be For our geneaton, ed oa Freal and Jang iti almost impossible to gtasp what symbol means. The Greek vero symbole means to bring o throw or pu together” Icon mean the food which price ‘ant bring along forthe fesie table. esa summary, tally oF foken which onl in lake anguy acquis the meaning of semeion, ‘which i ig Sinica, ybolon came ro mean signer in the ring ofthe Inte Grek Father, expec Pado Dionsis the ‘Aeopagite, who dese wih al of reation, ourselves and te angels et ne nao Moe nsdn of yt 8 ae a1 Room, 93) a ‘ues a i ge ee Seton UZ lacenon Sibel enol wo Meioe 9 ae sory, Sean {tio srt Stew Cn Balin pers ir ad Ee ar 7 rt Obi “Di Sue i Didrgen de Minn” Zen fr teenie siti pn ees mag Je Man aioe tr an ihe Sd, Re ae» Order Memory and Hisory included 5 symbols orsign which God created so that we may come ‘know bi trough then ut Go is 0 high above haman conception, (tht t may be ‘ore reveling fo express the divine and heen yoke ‘mena taken from the ler teaches ofthe weed oe 'nos than it co choose symbols that sapeically scm lon, ors sone rected By» bude may be yaks Ee * Nome ese y= bale may Highs mind was shape almost 2¢ mich by his reading and om. smenang on Dionysus as was by hi acauainance with Agus, Tearslating Dionysus perfectly he says “a symbol isa coleting of sible forms forthe demonstration of nile hings. "7 calles ing® rendesbosh the clascal Greek seme ofthe word ymbolon and sugests what symbols wete understood tobe in hs on ne “bridges beeen te experience of the senses and that which Les ‘caches beyond." In conta (0 moder interpretations of symbo lism, tha coordinate oF even deny symbols with mye, for gh they ae = faci and events phenomena ia and beyond nature and bistoey in such a way that they lead to the mews physcal nd era-hstorical realms encompased by Et set theology ‘Only when the giveaness of cosmic order i undentood does Hugh's dificult in explaising methodelogial order sean soced shih. The reader must lean to distinguish onder om odes, te chronological sequen in which Cicero wrote his books 4 difvene kind f order than the sequence ie which the archive happens to have bound thes between two covers. The hier! ordet Hugh rs ‘with his students, mus be dsnguished from tbe ord in which oe ome to leaen, Careful reading always picks an chooses bata ‘ust be bundled sted, and arranged. Bar ts proces of onlenog wil be etecive only when the reader remembers one fandamenel int all hings aod events ofthis woeld acquit ther meaning oe: Lad res Nad” pt, wma» pag om Pte Dini, Br Cont haan cp. Span gd ‘bly lor i si domi aes Medial ond Madan niet Pacrinies One Mena, an History 2 the place at which hey at inserted in he sory of estion and sana tion es the readers ask to ser ltt he ceae st the espesive oin where telongs inthe tora between Gentian the Apacs Irpse2” Only By doing this wil he advance toward wisdom through reading The Didascalcons write for beganers provides them with ules for ordered progress. The fist half (chapters 1-5} ea withthe seven Tier ars"he econ (capers 4-6) wth he reading of Holy Scrip ir dt lin et en ‘Sn dt pri ps ot gra oa mess ‘Sic pe es raid epee ors a ‘om nr fc gar nora Sr pmo es or a erat set ass lemme el gr poset SSIs oreo oe Sapte icrcarasereeens Soci eee SCaU rie sn ut aan beer pe ny SOTAgEy ada oer coomahovaeeakeseee hy nS Tanna Seth trea ne ets SL anarcie ate meant ‘cen ea Sac oe ie Fn a nei gk Muiiitamttmeya cede mete fees ml crear" hare Sop Catia aan ney eae SEthnent Stary iy seston hace tt Hier names ESL ake eesau Order Menor and History ‘ore In the fest par, Hugh picks up a concep Ss formulated by teaelngSophist caches. They offered insracson in “re liberal ats"—ars that peepure ane for phlosophy—wch Seneca distin |Bhel om ose other arts that require maneal skill” The dion ofthese are by the scred numberof seven appears in ate sig, tnd Hugh rakes it from sdor of Seville via Bede and Alcuin VT Hagh expres cistisfacon withthe sunt of hi day who, “whether from ignorance o fon unwiingess, fio hold to» Be Fiblnerae dey Malan, Rechte Gerd Eis "madmen nn Saito nh ee seoeeoaetea tare eraaaer ete SSomeduhetiat eee seins Saletan cag onge tape PAE ihe et nen ene one ea ele rp gir a ith Ea Sete Rea Sle nose mre be ers et Set ls ih i Newitt ine aera casas ee Shier Sees Soc atis uc oan ips a dates Stacie tis ie attr So Lae a nis ea ly 9 ct tie ah en dn chon eh arse ed eg en pe Tey ange a be: Orde Memory History “ ‘mao of study, and therefore we nd many who study but few who ae wise” Bur speaking ofthe ancients, he Ssp 1 those days, noone was thous worthy ofthe name of Sage a abi cn wate of ren GCs, 00, ald to have aimed the folowing oceas tenho for seven enn acorn enue fhe seven liberal ans, no one fs pup dated ook the eason Behind statements made by hi istead he was {0 give credence wo the words of the aver unl he had ‘eae him out and thea, having done sis, would be able {0 grasp he reason of thet i We rad hat ome men staid these Seven with sich ae that they ad completely in memory, so that wiacevet wens they ‘subsequently too in hand or whatever questions they pe posed for solution or prook, hey didn hum the pss ‘F books to hunt for rules and reasons which te Howl fans might afford for dhe elation of» doubul mate, ‘butatonce had the parties ready by are lug looks for stents who red so wel that without leafing they insasly have decals ready in their hear Memory tng, for “Hugh, ita precondition for vending, and something which he wet in ‘manual that readers of the Duascalicon ae supposed to know ‘The easue ches in the reader’ hear 4 this particular manual Hugh aes himself to very young t= Ter an mar cnt oe emi ot so ede soi og chewing ta a at py nd ‘eed eon eed Srp nin ign nore ne nade ues Cir ot cour, upc eponds fap ef made (te: Re soon ce pry uo bn a ma ak tea Goh Gn a ms Hi pa sd a by a Sie are Een drys apo at ob moan Py se pthc en ar pe appa tm rir. sacs ne of ad Tous Masten Be PH, SISC'C' Cashin, oben nl Home nde fhe menos isn Rew of Bsn Ses prot ae ire Siping apes henson can ose fl Tic ent, wt huge id ol eel ew aii cid by aries fy nse pon ico nc et nd We Armin, eae de Woe a btm Ano Hsera Monae Resding 1+ Angosin encourages his monks, Read i [Sxprre, be ‘ase is swecter than all hoes, more pesing than 2hy brent and you wil indi gves more fy than any During tis period the resding-mediatng monk is oten compared swith 2 cow chewing its cad. Por example, Se Bernard exhorts kit brothers: “You most be pare, umiatig nial that what wie ‘ihr come tobe "Adesable ueasre re inthe mouth ofthe mise" (Prox, 21.201" Speaking about che words ofthe Cane of Can sls, Beran also sys, “Enjoying their wees, chew the ener et ce emmy ap nai re Sec niar for te pated Rae De feat ‘pre pc pee eto Se We ane “ee pew nape opie opie ree stemct hres Sng tt sane Soe oye rer de Se tn Sw Bram sent. pps Zee Dla Bag Teg ein wn laren Be, hice Atarceses ye Be Se Ache Velescrneding 93 enoshe Goch de toate pete mete cee Senos, Pa 45s fsb han wee tal ‘Teton et be mde men wth he gogo ty ger ees ‘seed mon Unies [mow dee doe We Be ae, {if ne od Ba ad rae nish oe ions am an 'somyoas Mo tte sey eens Pee a Ser pr Mont bce soa Set cele te Saintes os ee ae iad ener Fh peed eed peo to Eisen ere tent eT Nef ian Ss fe Monte Rending ° and ove, my intenal organs ate replesised, my insides ae ftened ‘py andall my bones beak out in pene.” Foran ocular reader thie tesmonr of the past can be shocking: such reader cannot share the expeiece tested by the reverberton ‘of orl reading inal the sence In ation the vocabulary for fa ots and odors ha withered snd shri “The page a vineyard and garden ‘When Hugh reads he harvests epic the Brie fom the ines. He ows tha Pliny ad already noted tthe woud pagina, page, ean refer to rows of vines joined together*The ins o the page were he thread ofa els which supports the vas. As he picks the ri om the leaves of parchment, the voces pana deop from his mouth, ‘saslodued murmyfthey are meantiorhisown ears, ort tomo, ifhe address the communtyof monk. There an expresion wich lows ust disingush the two Kind of actiy bt eer, which ‘means “reading to onesel” in contest to cia leo, meat forthe {sof others No wonder that readingtvoughoutaniguty was con ‘ered a srenoous exercise, Helens: physicians prescribed ending ‘ham altenativ ball playing ora walk Reading presupposed that You be in god physical fam the frail infem were not supposed to read with ther own tongue. At one solace, Nels of Citta had ‘bmirted with ll the cher mos othe cstomary guste purse naw pontine 0 Seer os Gahan tee eee Soe ica ah oa ieee eres i en oe ce eer eg Se i i ig wh in ing re ‘See gue oe Sd gee = men Fees Sing 269 he A Etat nd A. ete, Deo mele de logue bandmate lsc gs Pp pot 0 Pa Nal Hor ey am fx Har ee Sip Pe spree Ras pia paps dt rn oe ‘mons aed geri by i* Monat Reading and beeing, bt this ime the fst in commination with the capping tad lef hi oo wenk fora while o continue hie reading. When Peet the Venerable ad» cold which made him cough when he opened is ‘mowth, he could ot read, nether in the choi nor in is cll “to Bisel" "Not only di ra actives predominate in dhe ac of reading, they slko determined the task of the eer. The root ofthe Engh word “avread” connotes °to give adv” "0 make ox” “Yo peruse and innrpre.” The Lata legere comes fom physical activity. Legere ‘connotes “picking,” "bungling," "harvessing” of "collecting" The Latin ocd for the branches nd twigs that are collected sr devived from pers These sticks aecaled lim, which cones wb ate rie sneha a emood ean be dsngeished from rer The Get- tan to read lee) sl lesly conveys the dea of gathering beech fick (the word for “eter” eqpvan to seks of beecood, = _ minding os ofthe runes ised n magia neato)" For Flug, who uss Latin, the at of reading ek he eyes implies an activity tor ule search fr firewood: hr eyes mum pick ope ewer ofthe alphabet and bundle these into sllabes. The yes reat ‘he service of the lung the throat the ong andthe pe that do nok sully ute singe eters bur words. Lestio as way of ie Both fr the classi decor or sophise ad forthe monk, reading em apes the whole body. However, forthe mon, readings tone stt- ng i ee, on Lh Land a ae alg eg, “olan ge comes oh sane A uo elon rs aad Senin mn nel Ln a a ‘hie ne’ eames to aay ese tobe afc go aly em {RSG A dao aur bt er srs ge ect ‘tm tee pope noma Py 1 tC ce er met, SLE Rags Egesng Wri dacher pace th (De: De men, T Goran eu ih Sake {Fond abies or ne Sab, he compene word cameo eng, The Geom werd SEE om ian eo i Bn lt ar off eng gon whee nk do wig appr ale Th ewan ensayo See fat dats trios page ese Hem ere Unreported toe Bs eal ete wren et Eat aoc wren ene anaae ce item wn grt deer teakeera an et tnd ty oe tom a of Paes aes ee ie cer mie ee ee Soa ee oe ere tape tnlttanipaenndicee ca sae ‘nd hen ere eg eerie aE came te ei) ed oe eee See ees sare ieiet raeseerea eae oe aati te eas ote pe pea eats per eed Sona ee eee Sat eng ae tn ere Srccsiet aid woe Saree tee Ecaraianeod cenit tees Sierra heer ed epee ie hee greene eign ee Sia gactieeee” waste eee cacy nee ae nee renee stnacie eaiiacgoeentceiaia Stimiet Serene manera erderanascivk sonst kane anscreas PEGE a ans oR ant md en dt eg ici ie mo mh Eo ShelonciSying amon tent in Lace, Love of Caco ‘som m Rabi domed arly Chetty Upp: Cap agen cand ad ily ny« Monat Reading ot the posrpe has a biter tate “The Jew would seem to have been ncn o cei the oad mapped for him bythe Propet" High wants his student, by setehing the three sesen of sie, ‘o embody the sacred pat of he whole word in hs own preset He ‘rants him to inerpet de exodus of the fons out of Egypt pes faring the way rom Jrsalem to Golgotna, ofthe way Chiscans follow fess, applying the stories isl abaadon his fly for he ‘monastery, which appears under he image ofthe dene Uae be finds his temporary home ia the pager ofthe book ‘Thus, the meaning which ie gen to the studi egend by Hugh and his age was shaped by Old Testament eas, Puree the Boned Une Rae creates a ramework ia which eynboiall the whale body ‘sinvolvedinlftiong reading. The individual monk might bea adic se unleered servant or uncouth dll, Even so, be attends he one