‘Ancient Greece: Athens vs, Sparta Introduction During the Sth century BC, Greece was dominated by two main powers: democratic Athens and the military oligarchy of Sparta. These city-states were very different. Sparta, ‘was traditionally the great land power ofthe Greek world and controlled many neighboring territories whose populations were tied tothe land as slaves. Athens! power ‘was based upon its command of the sea, and though it was officially only head of s naval alliance (the Delian League), in practice this amounted to an empire in all but name. This exercise encourages you to compare and contrast Athens and Sparta _ ‘SPARTA (pproximately 8,000 Spartates (adult | citizens) ruled over a population itizens; and slaves (about 9f 100,000 enslaved and semi-enslaved| 9,000). By 432 BC, Athens had people. | ecome the most populous city- | ate in Hellas, In Athens and tea there were atleast | | 150,000 Athenians, around 0,000 aliens, and more than 0,000 slaves. ment [thenlan Government arian Government, Politeal Usually classified as “direct [Usually classified as an “oligarchy” janizations -y" (because everyone, le by fv, bith elements of | jonarchy (rule by kings), democracy (through the election of | junci/senators), and aristocracy (le y the upper class or land owning ass). > just politicians atended the sembly), Athens claims to be "birthplace of democracy". lected offal incloding 10 [Two kings who were generals in enerals(satego), of the armies and with sme magistrates (archons), and ligious duties. ia ‘of 500 was charged iit administering decisions [Five overseers (ephor) elected bythe Assembly. ually an the day-to-day operations | 9f Sparta. They could veto rulings The Assembly open to all fe by the council or assembly. (all citizens were eligible jo attend such meetings and Counell or Senate (apella) of 28. assed laws and kouncilmen (men over 60 and elected_|rata policy decisions. The for life by the citizen) and the 2 king sembly met onthe Hill ofthe (They died as judges and proposed aya atthe foot ofthe Acropolis awe othe ition aaembly During time of Pericles citizens. The Assembly ofall Spartan males nly the wealthy could aticipate. the courei's recommendations by is aid for jury service so not|aged 30 or over could support or veto eres Gotta cor Ate (Social Structure of Athens Freemen reall ctizns (Gee no numerous lsc a hc top were arora hn ed nue and ate up {shouting out their votes. Nomen dia ‘not participate in the pot i of Sata [Social Sructure of Sparta; | classes: Spartiates (military tsa ‘who lived mostly in arracks and whose land was farmed iby ser; they served in the army and fhe cavalry or captained treme could vet) ‘middle rinks were small |farmers; lowest class was the Ieetes (urban eratsmen and lrirme rowers). Medes = those ho came from outside the city; they were not allowed to own |perioeei or ““neighbors/outsiders" who Jere rezmen; they included artisans, snes, merchants; they could not ote of serve inthe any; foreigners ld bein this clas. but could run industries and| usinesses, Slaves were lowest lass, but less harshly treated in most other Greek cities. slaves had no rights, and an {owner could killa slave. Slaves (clots (serfs descended from those ples who had resisted subjugation Sparta and who were constantly jebelling, They were treated like slaves} gave 1/2 of their produce to the ‘strength ife style and values smocratic values for ctizens. ey believed in participation in as acivic fem. Athenians lieved in ther cultural acid in status: some were given|Spatiate citizens who owned the land, femportant roles in Athen, like licemen. Women were rarely |Women had few rights, but were more ‘outside the home and had independent in Sparta than elsewhere 30 rights inthe Athenian in Greece. lemocracy. Iles Petian League vith Aliens Felopanesian eng (wih Spa ‘Flearly the most powerful), learly the most powerful). hens taxed and protected other itystates. Miltary Strong navy. rong army, best and most feared Spartan calture: Militaristic values. Idrenof citizens were raised to be ['Sparan’ taught to get along with ‘almost nething, Spartiate citizens were permitted to own gold orsilver or> superiority ‘and in their role in an luxuries. Spartan children were taught lempire and benefiting from respect elderly, women, and trade. (See Pericles’ Funeral __hvariors (The strict separation of showing these values.) lasses and militaristic system was put, "Further, we provide many ways nto place by Lycurgus inthe 7th refresh the mind from the {century BC.} lens of business. We hold tests and offer sacrifices all_|Spartan mothers would say to their | year round, and the elegance ‘sons, "Ether come back with your Four private establishments held or on it” (meaning return forms a daily source of pleasure frictorious or die Fighting). 1d helps to drive away sorrow. we magnitude of our city draws [This lifestyle was praised by he produce of the world into our Xenophon, an ancient historian e. 375 arbor, s0 that tothe Athenian BCE, the fuits of other countries are luxury as those of (Boys! Baye were ken fom pares at lage seven and trained in the art of rarfare. They were only give a cloak - ‘upon their birth and the fo shoes or other clothes, and aot ‘oftheir parents, the enough food so they had to steal (to length of education was from the eam survival skills). At age 20 they ‘of 5 to 14, forthe wealthier 5fwere placed into higher ranks ofthe 18 and sometimes into a tary. To age 30 they were student's mid-twenties in an edicated to the state; then they could where they would also. Farry but till ived in barracks with philosophy, ethies, and soldiers. They were educated in ric (the skill of persuasive {ehoral dance, reading and writing, but lic speaking). Finally, the sand military training were tizen boys entered a military emphasized. ‘camp fortwo years unl age of twenty. Foreign metics| slaves were not expected to tain anything but abasic ration in Greece, but were ot excluded from tether ‘Education — irls:Girls received lite formal jucation (except perhaps in the laristocrats' homes through tors); they were generally kept participate in sports; treated more as home and had no political equals. wer in Athens, The education L fa gi involved spinning,weaving, and other domestic at. | ie of women|Athesian women: [paranwomen ander rode: —— thenian women and girls were ‘Girls were educated in reading and | cpt at home with no iting and could participate in sports; \ | bartcpatin in sports or pots they were tated move sequal, ves were considered propery fren. The goal was fo produce women ther husbands. They were ho would produce svg heally | rereresponsible for spinning. babies. Atage 18 she would be | caving and other domestic ars. hsignedausband snd eta home. | {Some women held high posts in (Citizen women were fee tomnave | ie rua event andrelgious and enjoyed get deal of life of Athens (where the jm. Domestic arts (weaving ‘Alena was the patron). spinning, et) were usally left othe stitutes and courtesans were_ ther classes. Spartan women could 3 canfined tothe house. Some fown and contol ter own prope In cane influential sch of war te wife was expected io psa (eethe'Characer__bversc her husbands prope and a Stoves ection of this Web site). jar it against invaders and relia, ti her husband retumed. itary supremacy and simple lites are the major inspiration hind the philosopher Plas book , achitectire, drama and literate, philosophy, science, ete. Government (democracy, tral by jury) otter [Feeds Athenians coved ~~ ood: Spartan Broth consisted oF po luxuries and foods from all over flood, salt and vinegar. Spartans were Itheir empire. Wealthy Athenian to dislike luxuries and fancy homes were quite nice with an foods, The men lived most of their, inner courtyard, lives in military barracks lachtevements nd legacy5 Name: Directions: Use the information from th chat o answer the following questions. You may need to consult the textbook for addtional information, Put a check mark inthe epproprate bo. Some questions will be true for both Athens and Sparta, (QUESTIONS ATHENS ‘SPARTA GOVERNMENT ‘Which was a limited democracy ‘Which was a military oligarchy? ‘Which hed two kings? ‘Which had an assembly SOCIAL STRUCTURE ‘Which had citizens in the upper class? ‘Which had foreigners as a working class? Which had slaves? ‘Which had the largest population? MILTARY & ALLIES '9_ Which was the leader of the Delian League? 10.Which was the leader ofthe Peloponnesian League? TI Which had the strongest navy? 12, Which had the strongest land army? CULTURE & VALUES 13, Which had militaristic values? 14. Which had democratic values? 15,Which limited women’s role in polities? 16.Which gave the most freedom to women? 17.Which valued choral dance and music? 18, Which valued athletics? 19. Which gave more education to girls? 20. Which gave the most education to boys?