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INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
NAME……………………………….. COURSE :
REG.NO……………………………… SEMESTER:
EX NO: 1 Date:
Data Definition Language (DDL) commands in RDBMS
AIM:
To implement the DDL commands in RDBMS.
DDL commands:
Example Query:
Example Query:
Example Query:
RESULT:
Thus the DDL commands in RDBMS are implemented.
EX NO: 1 Date:
CREATING TABLES
STUDENT TABLE
EXAM TABLE
EX NO: 1 Date:
MARK TABLE
ALTERING TABLE
AIM:
To implement the DML and DCL commands in RDBMS.
DML commands:
1.Command: SELECT
Syntax:
SELECT[ALL | DISTINCT] select list
FROM table_name1[,…table_nameN]
[JOIN join_condition]
[WHERE search_condition]
Example Query:
2.Command: INSERT
Syntax:
INSERT INTO[[database_name]owner]{table_name|view_name}
[(column_list)]{[DEFAULT]VALUES|VALUES(value[…])|SELECT
Statement}
Example Query:
4.Command: DELETE
Syntax:
DELETE[FROM] table_name WHERE search_condition]
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 2 Date:
Example Query:
DCL commands
1.Command: GRANT
Syntax:
GRANT permissions ON objects TO account
2.Command: REVOKE
Syntax:
REVOKE permissions ON object FROM account
Example Query:
REVOKE SELECT ON student FROM username;
1. 1. Create a table student with field roll no student name ,dept marks ,Average ,grade
and status, DOB address.
Name Null? Type
ROLLNO NOT NULL NUMBER(5)
STUDENTNAME VARCHAR2(15)
DEPT VARCHAR2(10)
AVERAGE NUMBER(5,2)
GRADE VARCHAR2(10)
STATUS VARCHAR2(10)
DOB DATE
ADRESS VARCHAR2(15)
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 2 Date:
2. Insert the values for the tables.
4. Select the Student those who are not belong to Mech Dept.
ROLLNO STUDENTNAME DEPT AVERAGE GRADE STATUS DOB ADRESS
26-
B.tech 42
1 Sudesh 79.8 Distctn Pass DEC-
IT Thinanur
87
25-
3 Thomas Ece 80.8 Distctn Pass 82new
JUN-88
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: Date:
5. Select Student detailo from obtain grade Distinc in the Examinaation.
7. Retrive the name and address of all the studens who are in IT department.
EX NO: Date:
8. Update the percentage of the student whose roll no is 1.
EX NO: Date:
11. create a table employee with empname salary
EMPNAME
Sudhir
Sudeesh
13. List the name of all the employee other than Manager.
EMPNAME
Arjit
Bai
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: Date:
14. find the sum of the salary of all employee of Manager department as well as Max and Minimum salary.
15. Find the sum of salary of all Employee of manager Department as well as Max salary and Minimum
salary.
DCL commands
1.Command: GRANT
Syntax:
GRANT permissions ON objects TO account
2.Command: REVOKE
Syntax:
REVOKE permissions ON object FROM account
Example Query:
REVOKE SELECT ON student FROM username;
RESULT:
Thus the DML and DCL commands in RDBMS are implemented
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 3 Date:
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE EXTENSION WITH CURSOR
AIM:
To study the PL/SAQL programs and to write the PL/SAQL programs
using cursors.
1. PL/SQL:
PL/SQL stands for procedural structural language/SQL. PL/SQL
extends SQL by adding control structures found in other structural languages.
PL/SQL can be used in the Oracle relational database in the Oracle server and
in the client side application development tools.
SYNTAX:
APL/SQL block can divide into three parts namely,
i) Declarative part,
ii) Executable part, and
iii) Exception handling part.
The order is shown below:
DECLARE
Declarations
BEGIN
Executable statements
EXCEPTION
Handlers
END;
2. ATTRIBUTES:
Attributes allows us to refer data types and objects from database. PL/SQL
constants and variables have attributes. The following are the types of attributes supported by the
PL/SQL,
%type
%row type
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 3 Date:
%type:
%type is used when declaring variables that refer to database columns.
SYNTAX:
Variablename tablename.Column %type;
%rowtype:
%rowtype attributes provides a record type that rapresents a row in the tablw. The
record can store an entire row of data selected from the table or fetched by a cursor.
SYNTAX:
Variablename tablename %rowtype;
3. CURSORS:
Oracle allocates a memory known as the context area for the processing of the SQL
statements. A cursor is a pointer or handle to the context area. Through the cursor, a PL/SQL
program can control the context area and what happens to it as the statement is processed.
The three types of the cursors are
Static cursors
Dynamic cursors
REF cursors
Static cursors are the ones whose select statements are known at the compile time. These are further
classified into
Explicit cursors
Implicit cursors
EX NO: 3 Date:
dif:=a-b;
dbms_output.put_line(‘The Difference is’||dif);
pro:=a*b;
dbms_output.put_line(‘The Product is’||pro);
div:=a/b;
dbms_output.put_line(‘The Quotent is’||div);
end;
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the PL/SQL program using the cursors were executed successfully.
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 4 Date:
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE EXTENSIONS WITH TRIGGERS
AIM:
To study and execute Triggers in RDBMS.
TRIGGER:
A database trigger is stored procedure that is fired when an insert, update or delete
statement is issued against the associated table. Database triggers can be used for the following
purposes.
To generate data automatically.
To enforce complex integrity constraints.
To customize complex security authorizations.
To maintain replicate tables.
To audit data modifications.
Types of Triggers:
The triggers are classified into the following types based on when they are fired:
Before
After
For each row
For each statement (default)
INSERT:
--create or replace trigger ins1 before insert on emp
--begin
--raise_application_error(-20001.’you cannot insert a row’);
--end;
OUTPUT:
SQL>insert into emp values(&eid,’&name’,’&dob’,’&addr’,’&sex’,’&dept’,’&salary);
insert into emp
values(&eid,’&name’,’&dob’,’&addr’,’&sex’,’&dept’,’&salary);
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 4 Date:
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20001: you cannot insert a row
ORA-06512: at “SCOTT.ins1”, line 2
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger ‘SCOTT.ins1’
DELETE:
--create or replace trigger del1 before delete on emp
--begin
--raise_application_error(-20001.’you cannot delete a row’);
--end;
OUTPUT:
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20001: you cannot delete a row
ORA-06512: at “SCOTT.del1”, line 2
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger ‘SCOTT.del1’
UPDATE:
--create trigger upd1 before update on emp for each row
--begin
--raise_application_error(-20001.’you cannot update a row’);
--end;
OUTPUT:
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20001: you cannot update a row
ORA-06512: at “SCOTT.upd1”, line 2
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger ‘SCOTT.upd1’
RESULT:
Thus the usage of trigger were studied and executed in RDBMS.
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 5 Date:
PROCEDURES AND FUNCTIONS
AIM:
To study and execute the procedures and functions in PL/SQL.
PROCEDURES:
A procedure has two parts namely, specification and body. The procedure
specification begins with keyword procedure and ends with procedure name or parameter list. The
procedure body begins with keyword is and ends with the keyword end. It can also include
declarative, executable and exceptional parts with in the keywords are and end. Syntax to execute a
procedure is given below.
FUNCTIONS:
A function is a subprogram that computes a value. The syntax for creating a function is
given below.
create or replace function <function_name> [argument]
return datatype is
(local declaration)
begin
(executable statements)
[exception]
(exception handlers)
end;
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 5 Date:
where arguments can be in, out or inout.
Similar to a procedure, a function also has two parts namely, the function specification and the
function body. The function specification begins with the keyword function and ends with the return
clause. The function body begins with the keyword is and ends with the keyword end. A PL/SQL
block can also be included in a function body.
OUTPUT
SQL>/
Enter value for n: 5
Old 5:n:=&n;
New 5:n:=5;
The factorial of 5 is 120
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
RESULT:
Thus the procedures and functions were studied and executed in PL/SQL.
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 6 Date:
EMBEDDED SQL
AIM:
To write JAVA program to implement embedded SQL.
ALGORITHM:
Roll no Number
Name Text
Dept Text
Marks Number
3. Open MS.Access and then select Blank Database. In the File new database dialog give the
DBname and save it in C. Then click create button.
4. Select create table in design view option from the dialog box that appears.
Add all the fields in the resulting dialog box.
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class jdeg
{
Public static void main(String args[])throws IOExcepyion
{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
String rollno,nam,dep,mark;
System.out.println(“Enter the values(rno,name,dept,marks)to insert into table”);
rollno=br.readLine();
nam=br.readLine();
dep=br.readLine();
mark=br.readLine();
try
{
Class.forName(“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:odbc:stu”);
st.executeUpdate(“insert into student values(‘“+rollno+”’,’”+nam+”’,
’”+dep+”’,’”+mark+”’)”);
ResultSet rs-st.executeQuery(“select * from student”);
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
System.out.println(“RNO\tNAME\tDEPT\tMARKS”);
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.println(rs.getString(“rno”)+”\t”);
System.out.println(rs.getString(“name”)+”\t”);
System.out.println(rs.getString(“dept”)+”\t”);
System.out.println(rs.getString(“marks”)+”\t”);
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 6 Date:
OUTPUT:
D:\jdk1.3\bin>edit jdeg.java
D:jdk1.3\bin>javac jdeg.java
D:jdk1.3\bin>java jdeg
D:jdk1.3\bin>
RESULT:
Thus a JAVA program to implement embedded SQL has been executed successfully.
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 7 Date:
DATABASE DESIGN USING NORMALIZATION AND
E-R DIAGRAM
AIM:
To design database using normalization and E-R Diagram.
PROCEDURE:
Create a type ‘Address’ to represent composite attribute.
1. Create the table.
2. Insert the value in the table.
3. Draw the E-R diagram for the table.
4. Convert the given table to the normalized form.
To convert a table to 1 NF remove all the multi valued & composite attributes from
the table.
EX NO: 7 Date:
SQL>desc en2;
1 NF
emp 1 emp2
Eno eadd
Eno Ename sal
NORMALIZING THE TABLE TO 2 NF:
EX NO: 7 Date:
Ep1
EX NO: 7 Date:
Empdept
Eno ename Sal dno dname
3 NF
Ed1
Eno Ename sal dno
Ed2
Dno Dname
RESULT:
Thus the database was designed using E-R diagram and Normailization
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 8 Date:
AIM:
To develop a library information system using Oracle as a back end (data base)and Microsoft
Visual Basic as a front end.
PROCEDURE:
1.Create a book and issue database with the following fields in Oracle namely
Bid,Bname,Author,Price,noofcopiesavailable and Bid,Bname,Author,card
number,stuname,dateofreturn respectively and insert some record into the database.
2.Design the corresponding form with labels,text boxes and command buttons.
Form1 bookdetails
Form2 issuedetails
3.Create the back with the front end using DAO method by creating a dsn as follows
a.Select administrative tools option from control panel.
Then click on data source(ODBC),which displays a dialog box named
ODBC DATASOURCES ADMINISTRATOR in which click Add button.
b.In Create New Data Source dialog box,select “Microsoft ODBC for
ORACLE” and click finish button.
c.Give a suitable data source name,user name and server name.
EX NO: 8 Date:
TABLE DESIGN:
NAME TYPE
BID NIMBER(6)
BNAME VARCHAR2(30)
AUTHOR VARCHAR2(20)
PRICE NUMBER(8,2)
NO OF COPIES AVAILABLE NUMBER(3)
BID NUMBER(6)
BNAME VARCHAR2(30)
AUTHOR VARCHAR2(20)
CARDNUMBER VARCHAR2(8,2)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(8,2)
DATEOFRETURN NUMBER(6)
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 8 Date:
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO:8 Date:
FORM 1:
Dim DB As Database
Dim RS As recordset
EX NO: 8 Date:
Private Sub CLEAR_click()
Text1.text=””
Text2.text=””
Text3.text=””
Text4.text=””
Text5.text=””
End Sub
EX NO: 8 Date:
Private Sub MOVEFIRST_Click()
RS.MOVEFIRST
Text1.text=RS(0)
Text2.text=RS(1)
Text3.text=RS(2)
Text4.text=RS(3)
Text5.text=RS(4)
End Sub
Private Sub SEARCH_Click()
1=InputBox(“ENTER THE BID”,”FIND”)
RS.FindFirst”[BID]-”&I
If RS.NoMatch Then
MsgBox”no such records”
Else
RS.MOVEFIRST
Text1.text=RS(0)
Text2.text=RS(1)
Text3.text=RS(2)
Text4.text=RS(3)
Text5.text=RS(4)
End Sub
Private Sub ISSUE_Click()
If Val(Text5.Text)>=1 Then
Form2.Show
Else
MsgBox”NO BOOKS AVAILABLE”
End If
End Sub
FORM2:
Dim DB As Database
Dim RS As recordset
EX NO: 8 Date:
Private Sub ISSUE_Click()
RS.AddNew
RS(0)=Text1.Text
RS(1) =Text2.Text
RS(2)=Text3.Text
RS(3)=Text4.Text
RS(4)=Text5.Text
RS(5)=Text6.Text
RS.UPDATE
RS.MOVELAST
Form1.Text5=val(Form1.Text5)-1
End Sub
Private Sub MOVELAST_Click()
RS.MOVELAST
Text1.text=RS(0)
Text2.text=RS(1)
Text3.text=RS(2)
Text4.text=RS(3)
Text5.text=RS(4)
End Sub
EX NO: 8 Date:
Text1.text=RS(0)
Text2.text=RS(1)
Text3.text=RS(2)
Text4.text=RS(3)
Text5.text=RS(4)
End If
End Sub
RESULT:
Thus library information system was developed in Visual Basic.
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 9 Date:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BANKING SYSTEM
AIM:
To develop a banking system using Oracle as s back end(data base) and Microsoft Visual
basic6.0 as a front end.
PROCEDURE:
2.design the corresponding form with labels,text boxes and command buttons.
3.Create the back with the front end using DAO method by creating a dsn as follows
a.Select administrative tools option from control panel.
Then click on data source(ODBC),which displays a dialog box named
ODBCDATASOURCESADMINISTRATOR in which click Add button.
b.In Create New Data Source dialog box,select “Microsoft ODBC for
ORACLE” and click finish button
c.Give a suitable data source name,user name and server name.
NAME TYPE
ACNO NUMBER(6)
NAME VARCHAR2(30)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(20)
BALANCE NUMBER(8,2)
FORM 1:
Dim DB As Database
Dim RS As recordset
EX NO: 9 Date:
Private Sub FIND_Click()
1=InputBox(“ENTER THE ACNO”,”FIND”)
rs.FindFirst”[ACNO]=”&I
If rs.NoMatch Then
MsgBox”no such records”
Else
Text1.text=RS(0)
Text2.text=RS(1)
Text3.text=RS(2)
Text4.text=RS(3)
EndIf
End Sub
FORM 2:
End
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 9 Date:
FORM 3:
EX NO: 9 Date:
RESULT:
EX NO: 10 Date:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PAYROLL PROCESSING SYSTEM
AIM:
To develop an employee payroll system using Oracle as a back end (database) and Microsoft
Visual Basic6.0 as a front end.
PROCEDURE:
2.Design the corresponding form with labels,text boxes and command buttons.
3.Create the back with the front end using DAO method by creating a DSN as
follows,
a.Select administrative tools option from control panel.
Then click on Data Source(ODBC),which displays a dialog box named
ODBC DATASOURCES ADMINISTRATOR in which click Add button.
b.In Create New Data Source dialog box,select “Microsoft ODBC for
ORACLE” and click finish button
.
c.Give a suitable data source name,user name and server name.
EX NO:10 Date:
TABLE DESIGN:
Table Name :Employee
NAME TYPE
EMPNO NUMBER(6)
EMPNAME VARCHAR2(30)
DESIGNATION VARCHAR2(20)
DA NUMBER(10)
HRA NUMBER(10)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(20)
TA NUMBER(10)
PF NUMBER(10)
BASICPAY NUMBER(8,2)
LOAN.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(9)
ADV.Text= adodc1.Recordset.Fields(10)
TD.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(11)
GP.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(12)
NP.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(13)
End Sub
PROGRAM TO VIEW:
Private sub view_Click()
Dim a As Integer
On Error Go To err
a=InputBox(“enter the empno”)
Adodc1.Recordset.MOVEFIRST
While Not Adodc1. Recordset.EOF
If Adodc1.Recordset.Fields(0)=a Then
fillt 1
Exit Sub
End If
Adodc1.Recordset.MOVENEXT
Wend
err:
MsgBox(“record doesnot exist”)
End Sub
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 10 Date:
Private sub MOVENEXT_Click()
Adodc1.Recordset.MOVENEXT
End Sub
PROGRAM TO SAVE:
Private sub save_Click()
Adodc1.Recordset.Update
NAME1.Enabled=False
NO.Enabled=False
DESIG.Enabled=False
B1.Enabled=False
HRA.Enabled=False
DA.Enabled=False
OA.Enabled=False
TA.Enabled=False
LOAN.Enabled=False
ADV.Enabled=False
TD.Enabled=False
GP.Enabled=False
PF.Enabled=False
NP.Enabled=False
add.Enabled= True
del.Enabled= True
BASIC.Enabled= True
edit.Enabled=True
End Sub
Fill function
Public sub fillt()
NO.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(0)
NAME.Text= adodc1.Recordset.Fields(1)
DESIG.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(2)
MONYH.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(14)
B1.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(3)
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO: 10 Date:
DA.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(4)
HRA.Text= adodc1.Recordset.Fields(5)
OA.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(6)
TA.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(7)
PF.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(8)
LOAN.Text=adodc1.Recordset.Fields(9)
ADV.Text= adodc1.Recordset.Fields(10)
PROGRAM TO ADD:
EX NO: 10 Date:
PROGRAM TO CALCULATE ALLOWANCES:
Dim a As Integer
a=InputBox(“enter the empno”)
Adodc1.Recordset.MOVEFIRST
While Not Adodc1.Recordset.EOF
If Adodc1.Recordset.Fields(0)=a Then
Fillt
Exit Sub
End If
Adodc1.Recordset.MOVENEXT
Wend
MsgBox”record modify successfully”
add.Enabled=False
del.Enabled=False
BASIC. Enabled=False
edit. Enabled=False
End Sub
Adodc1.Recordset.MOVENEXT
Wend
MsgBox”record deleted”
err:
MsgBox”record does not exists”
End Sub
Private sub edit_Click()
Form1.Caption=”modify operation”
Adodc1.Recordset.Update
NAME1.Enabled=True
NO.Enabled= True
DESIG.Enabled= True
B1.Enabled= True
HRA.Enabled= True
DA.Enabled= True
OA.Enabled= True
TA.Enabled= True
LOAN.Enabled= True
ADV.Enabled= True
TD.Enabled= True
GP.Enabled= True
PF.Enabled= True
NP.Enabled= True
save. Enabled=True
NO.SetFocus
INDIRA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PANDUR, THIRUVALLUR DIST
EX NO:10 Date:
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus employee payroll processing system was developed in visual basic