LAROSCAIN JOSHUA G.

SEPTEMBER 26, 2019

ACTIVITY # 1
AAMT 2-8 MS. ANNA KATRINA ALBON

Electronics
History
The history of electronics is a story of the twentieth century
and three key components—the vacuum tube, the transistor, and the
integrated circuit. In 1883, Thomas Alva Edison discovered that
electrons will flow from one metal conductor to another through a
vacuum. This discovery of conduction became known as the Edison
effect. In 1904, John Fleming applied the Edison effect in
inventing a two-element electron tube called a diode, and Lee De
Forest followed in 1906 with the three-element tube, the triode.
These vacuum tubes were the devices that made manipulation of
electrical energy possible so it could be amplified and
transmitted.

The first applications of electron tubes were in radio

communications. Guglielmo Marconi pioneered the development of the
wireless telegraph in 1896 and long-distance radio communication
in 1901. Early radio consisted of either radio telegraphy (the
transmission of Morse code signals) or radio telephony (voice
messages). Both relied on the triode and made rapid advances thanks
to armed forces communications during World War I. Early radio
transmitters, telephones, and telegraph used high-voltage sparks
to make waves and sound. Vacuum tubes strengthened weak audio
signals and allowed these signals to be superimposed on radio
waves. In 1918, Edwin Armstrong invented the "super-heterodyne
receiver" that could select among radio signals or stations and
could receive distant signals. Radio broadcasting grew
astronomically in the 1920s as a direct result. Armstrong also
invented wide-band frequency modulation (FM) in 1935; only AM or
amplitude modulation had been used from 1920 to 1935.

Communications technology was able to make huge advances

before World War II as more specialized tubes were made for many
applications. Radio as the primary form of education and
entertainment was soon challenged by television, which was invented
in the 1920s but didn't become widely available until 1947. Bell
Laboratories publicly unveiled the television in 1927, and its
first forms were electromechanical. When an electronic system was
proved superior, Bell Labs engineers introduced the cathode ray
picture tube and color television. But Vladimir Zworykin, an
engineer with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), is considered
the "father of the television" because of his inventions, the
picture tube and the iconoscope camera tube.
 Development of the television as an electronic device
benefitted from many improvements made to radar during World War
II. Radar was the product of studies by a number of scientists in
Britain of the reflection of radio waves. An acronym for RAdio
Detection And Ranging, radar measures the distance and direction
to an object using echoes of radio microwaves. It is used for
aircraft and ship detection, control of weapons firing, navigation,
and other forms of surveillance. Circuitry, video, pulse
technology, and microwave transmission improved in the wartime
effort and were adopted immediately by the television industry. By
the mid-1950s, television had surpassed radio for home use and
entertainment.

After the war, electron tubes were used to develop the first
computers, but they were impractical because of the sizes of the
electronic components. In 1947, the transistor was invented by a
team of engineers from Bell Laboratories. John Bardeen, Walter
Brattain, and William Shockley received a Nobel prize for their
creation, but few could envision how quickly and dramatically the
transistor would change the world. The transistor functions like
the vacuum tube, but it is tiny by comparison, weighs less, consumes
less power, is much more reliable, and is cheaper to manufacture
with its combination of metal contacts and semiconductor materials.

The concept of the integrated circuit was proposed in 1952 by

Geoffrey W. A. Dummer, a British electronics expert with the Royal
Radar Establishment. Throughout the 1950s, transistors were mass
produced on single wafers and cut apart. The total semiconductor
circuit was a simple step away from this; it combined transistors
and diodes (active devices) and capacitors and resistors (passive
devices) on a planar unit or chip. The semiconductor industry and
the silicon integrated circuit (SIC) evolved simultaneously at
Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor Company. By 1961,
integrated circuits were in full production at a number of firms,
and designs of equipment changed rapidly and in several directions
to adapt to the technology. Bipolar transistors and digital
integrated circuits were made first, but analog ICs, large-scale
integration (LSI), and very-large-scale integration (VLSI)
followed by the mid-1970s. VLSI consists of thousands of circuits
with on-and-off switches or gates between them on a single chip.
Microcomputers, medical equipment, video cameras, and
communication satellites are only examples of devices made possible
by integrated circuits.
 FELIX E. VILLAGRACIA 9/26/19
ACTIVITY NO. 1
AAMT 2-8 MS. ANNA KATRINA ALBON
The History of Electronics
In this 21st century, every day we are dealing with the electronic circuits and devices in some or the other forms because
gadgets, home appliances, computers, transport systems, cell phones, cameras, TV, etc. all have electronic components and
devices. Today’s world of electronics has made deep inroads in several areas, such as healthcare, medical diagnosis,
automobiles, industries, electronics projects etc. and convinced everyone that without electronics, it is really impossible to
work.
Therefore, looking forward to know the past and about the brief history of electronics is necessary to revive our minds and
to get inspired by those individuals who sacrificed their lives by engaging themselves in such amazing discoveries and
inventions that costs everything for them, but nothing for us, and, in turn, benefitted us immensely since then.
Electronics’ actual history began with the invention of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming, in 1897; and, after that, a vacuum triode
was implemented by Lee De Forest to amplify electrical signals. This led to the introduction of tetrode and pentode tubes that
dominated the world until the World War II.
Subsequently, the transistor era began with the junction transistor invention in 1948. Even though, this particular invention
got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later replaced with a bulky vacuum tube that would consume high power for its operation. The
use of germanium and silicon semiconductor materials made theses transistor gain the popularity and wide-acceptance usage
in different electronic circuits.
Integrated circuits (ICs)
The subsequent years witnessed the invention of the integrated circuits (ICs) that drastically changed the electronic circuits’
nature as the entire electronic circuit got integrated on a single chip, which resulted in low: cost, size and weight electronic
devices. The years 1958 to 1975 marked the introduction of IC with enlarged capabilities of over several thousand components
on a single chip such as small-scale integration, medium-large scale and very-large scale integration ICs.
And the trend further carried forward with the JFETS and MOSFETs that were developed during 1951 to 1958 by improving the
device designing process and by making more reliable and powerful transistors.
Digital integrated circuits were yet another robust IC development that changed the overall architecture of computers. These
ICs were developed with Transistor-transistor logic (TTL), integrated injection logic (I2L) and emitter coupled logic (ECL)
technologies. Later these digital ICs employed PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS fabrication design technologies.
All these radical changes in all these components led to the introduction of microprocessor in 1969 by Intel. Soon after, the
analog integrated circuits were developed that introduced an operational amplifier for an analog signal processing. These
analog circuits include analog multipliers, ADC and DAC converters and analog filters.
This is all about the fundamental understanding of the electronics history. This history of electronics technology costs greater
investment of time, efforts and talent from the real heroes, some of them are described below.
Inventors in history of electronics
Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)
Luigi Galvani was a professor in the University of Bologna. He studied the effects of electricity on animals, especially on frogs.
With the help of experiments, he showed the presence of electricity in frogs in the year 1791.
Charles Coulomb (1737-1806)
Charles coulomb was a great scientist of the 18th century. He experimented with the mechanical resistance and developed
coulomb’s law of electro-static charges in the year 1799.
Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)
Allesandro Volta was an Italian scientist. He invented battery in the year 1799. He was the first to develop a battery (Voltaic
cell) that could produce electricity as a result of chemical reaction.
Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1852)
Hans Christian Oersted showed that whenever a current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is associated with it. He
initiated the study of electromagnetism and discovered Aluminum in the year 1820.
George Simon Ohm (1789-1854)
George Simon Ohm was a German physicist. He experimented with the electrical circuits and made his own part including the
wire. He found that some conductors worked when compared to others. He discovered Ohms law in the year 1827, which is a
relation between current, voltage& resistance. The unit for resistance is named after him.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
Michael Faraday was a British scientist and great pioneer experimenter in electricity and magnetism. After the discovery by
Oersted, he demonstrated electromagnetic induction in the year 1831. This is the basic principle of the working of generators.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
James Clerk Maxwell was a British physicist, and he wrote treatise on magnetism and electricity in the year 1873. He developed
the electromagnetic field equations in the year 1864. The equations in it were explained and predicted by hertz’s work and
faradays’ work. James Clerk Maxwell formulated an important theory – that is, electromagnetic theory of light.
Henrich Rudolph Hertz (1857-1894)
Henrich Rudolph Hertz was a German physicist born in 1857 in Hamburg. He demonstrated the electromagnetic radiation
predicted by Maxwell. By using experimental procedures, he proved the theory by engineering instruments to transmit and
receive radio pulses. He was the first person to demonstrate the photo-electric effect. The unit of frequency was named Hertz
in his honorarium.
Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
Andre Marie Ampere was a French mathematician and physicist. He studied the effects of electric current and invented
solenoid. The SI unit of electric current (the Ampere) was named after him.
Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Karl Friedrich Gauss was a physical scientist and a greatest German mathematician. He contributed to many fields like algebra,
analysis, statistics, electrostatics and astronomy. The CGS unit of magnetic field density was named after him.
Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891)
Wilhelm Eduard Weber was a German physicist. He investigated terrestrial magnetism with his friend Carl fried rich. He
devised an electromagnetic telegraph in the year 1833, and also established a system of absolute electrical units, and the MKS
unit of flux was named after Weber.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1932)
Thomas Alva Edison was a businessman and an American inventor. He developed many devices like, practical electric bulb,
motion picture camera, photograph and other such things. While inventing the electric lamp, he observed the Edison effect.
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil; the Tesla induction motor; alternating current (AC); electrical supply system that includes
a transformer; 3-phase electricity and motor. In 1891, Tesla coil was invented and used in electronic equipment, television and
radio sets. The unit of magnetic field density was named after him.
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887)
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was a German physicist. He developed Kirchhoff’s law that allows calculation of the voltages, currents
and resistance of electrical networks.
James Prescott Joule (1818-1889)
James Prescott Joule was a brewer and an English physicist. He discovered the law of conservation of energy. The unit of
energy – Joule was named in his honor. To develop the scale of temperature, he worked with Lord Kelvin.
Joseph Henry (1799-1878)
Joseph Henry was an American scientist, and independently discovered electromagnetic induction in the year 1831 – a year
before faraday’s discovery. The unit of induction was named after him.
Lee De Forest (1873-1961)
Lee de forest was an American inventor, and he invented the first triode vacuum tube: Audion tube in 1906. He was honored
as the father of radio.
Walter schottky (1886-1997)
Walter schottky was a German physicist. He defined shot noise-random electron noise in thermionic tubes, and invented the
multiple grid vacuum tube.
Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890-1954)
Edwin Howard Armstrong was an inventor and an American electrical engineer. He invented electronic oscillator and
regenerative feedback. In 1917, he invented super-heterodyne radio and patented FM radio in the year 1933
DON FERNANDO L. CABREZA SEPT. 26, 2019
ACTIVITY # 1
AAMT 2-8 MS. ANNA KATRINA ALBON

History of Electronics
The history of electronics is a story of the twentieth
century and three key components—the vacuum
tube, the transistor, and the integrated circuit. In
1883, Thomas Alva Edison discovered that
electrons will flow from one metal conductor to
another through a vacuum. This discovery of
conduction became known as the Edison effect. In
1904, John Fleming applied the Edison effect in
inventing a two-element electron tube called a
diode, and Lee De Forest followed in 1906 with the
three-element tube, the triode. These vacuum tubes were the devices that made manipulation of
electrical energy possible so it could be amplified and transmitted.
The first applications of electron tubes were in radio communications. Guglielmo Marconi
pioneered the development of the wireless telegraph in 1896 and long-distance radio
communication in 1901. Early radio consisted of either radio telegraphy (the transmission of
Morse code signals) or radio telephony (voice messages). Both relied on the triode and made
rapid advances thanks to armed forces communications during World War I. Early radio
transmitters, telephones, and telegraph used high-voltage sparks to make waves and sound.
Vacuum tubes strengthened weak audio signals and allowed these signals to be superimposed on
radio waves. In 1918, Edwin Armstrong invented the "super-heterodyne receiver" that could
select among radio signals or stations and could receive distant signals. Radio broadcasting grew
astronomically in the 1920s as a direct result. Armstrong also invented wide-band frequency
modulation (FM) in 1935; only AM or amplitude modulation had been used from 1920 to 1935.

Communications technology was able to make huge advances before World War II as more
specialized tubes were made for many applications. Radio as the primary form of education and
entertainment was soon challenged by television, which was invented in the 1920s but didn't
become widely available until 1947. Bell Laboratories publicly unveiled the television in 1927, and
its first forms were electromechanical. When an electronic system was proved superior, Bell Labs
engineers introduced the cathode ray picture tube and color television. But Vladimir Zworykin, an
engineer with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), is considered the "father of the television"
because of his inventions, the picture tube and the iconoscope camera tube.
Development of the television as an electronic device benefitted from many improvements made
to radar during World War II. Radar was the product of studies by a number of scientists in Britain
of the reflection of radio waves. An acronym for RAdio Detection And Ranging, radar measures
the distance and direction to an object using echoes of radio microwaves. It is used for aircraft
and ship detection, control of weapons firing, navigation, and other forms of surveillance.
Circuitry, video, pulse technology, and microwave transmission improved in the wartime effort
and were adopted immediately by the television industry. By the mid-1950s, television had
surpassed radio for home use and entertainment.
After the war, electron tubes were used to develop the first computers, but they were impractical
because of the sizes of the electronic components. In 1947, the transistor was invented by a team
of engineers from Bell Laboratories. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley
received a Nobel prize for their creation, but few could envision how quickly and dramatically the
transistor would change the world. The transistor functions like the vacuum tube, but it is tiny by
comparison, weighs less, consumes less power, is much more reliable, and is cheaper to
manufacture with its combination of metal contacts and semiconductor materials.

The concept of the integrated circuit was proposed in 1952 by Geoffrey W. A. Dummer, a British
electronics expert with the Royal Radar Establishment. Throughout the 1950s, transistors were
mass produced on single wafers and cut apart. The total semiconductor circuit was a simple step
away from this; it combined transistors and diodes (active devices) and capacitors and resistors
(passive devices) on a planar unit or chip. The semiconductor industry and the silicon integrated
circuit (SIC) evolved simultaneously at Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor Company.
By 1961, integrated circuits were in full production at a number of firms, and designs of
equipment changed rapidly and in several directions to adapt to the technology. Bipolar
transistors and digital integrated circuits were made first, but analog ICs, large-scale integration
(LSI), and very-large-scale integration (VLSI) followed by the mid-1970s. VLSI consists of
thousands of circuits with on-and-off switches or gates between them on a single chip.
Microcomputers, medical equipment, video cameras, and communication satellites are only
examples of devices made possible by integrated circuits.
KIMBERLY BRENT GARCIA SEPT. 26, 2019
Activity # 1
AAMT 2-8 MS. ANNA KATRINA ALBON

The History of Electronics In this 21st century, every day we are dealing with the electronic circuits and
devices in some or the other forms because gadgets, home appliances, computers, transport systems, cell
phones, cameras, TV, etc. all have electronic components and devices. Today’s world of electronics has
made deep inroads in several areas, such as healthcare, medical diagnosis, automobiles, industries,
electronics projects etc. and convinced everyone that without electronics, it is really impossible to work.
Therefore, looking forward to know the past and about the brief history of electronics is necessary to revive
our minds and to get inspired by those individuals who sacrificed their lives by engaging themselves in such
amazing discoveries and inventions that costs everything for them, but nothing for us, and, in turn,
benefitted us immensely since then.
Electronics’ actual history began with the invention of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming, in 1897; and, after
that, a vacuum triode was implemented by Lee De Forest to amplify electrical signals. This led to the
introduction of tetrode and pentode tubes that dominated the world until the World War II.
Subsequently, the transistor era began with the junction transistor invention in 1948. Even though, this
particular invention got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later replaced with a bulky vacuum tube that would
consume high power for its operation. The use of germanium and silicon semiconductor materials made
theses transistor gain the popularity and wide-acceptance usage in different electronic circuits.
The subsequent years witnessed the invention of the integrated circuits (ICs) that drastically changed the
electronic circuits’ nature as the entire electronic circuit got integrated on a single chip, which resulted in
low: cost, size and weight electronic devices. The years 1958 to 1975 marked the introduction of IC with
enlarged capabilities of over several thousand components on a single chip such as small-scale integration,
medium-large scale and very-large scale integration ICs.
And the trend further carried forward with the JFETS and MOSFETs that were developed during 1951 to
1958 by improving the device designing process and by making more reliable and powerful transistors.
Digital integrated circuits were yet another robust IC development that changed the overall architecture of
computers. These ICs were developed with Transistor-transistor logic (TTL), integrated injection logic (I2L)
and emitter coupled logic (ECL) technologies. Later these digital ICs employed PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS
fabrication design technologies.
All these radical changes in all these components led to the introduction of microprocessor in 1969 by Intel.
Soon after, the analog integrated circuits were developed that introduced an operational amplifier for an
analog signal processing. These analog circuits include analog multipliers, ADC and DAC converters and
analog filters.
This is all about the fundamental understanding of the electronics history. This history of electronics
technology costs greater investment of time, efforts and talent from the real heroes, some of them are
described below.
Inventors in the history of electronics
Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)
Luigi Galvani was a professor in the University of Bologna. He studied the effects of electricity on animals,
especially on frogs. With the help of experiments, he showed the presence of electricity in frogs in the year
1791.
Charles Coulomb (1737-1806)
Charles coulomb was a great scientist of the 18th century. He experimented with the mechanical resistance
and developed coulomb’s law of electro-static charges in the year 1799.
Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)
Allesandro Volta was an Italian scientist. He invented battery in the year 1799. He was the first to develop a
battery (Voltaic cell) that could produce electricity as a result of chemical reaction.
Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1852)
Hans Christian Oersted showed that whenever a current flows through a conductor, a magnetic field is
associated with it. He initiated the study of electromagnetism and discovered Aluminum in the year 1820.
George Simon Ohm (1789-1854)
George Simon Ohm was a German physicist. He experimented with the electrical circuits and made his own
part including the wire. He found that some conductors worked when compared to others. He discovered
Ohms law in the year 1827, which is a relation between current, voltage& resistance. The unit for resistance
is named after him.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
Michael Faraday was a British scientist and great pioneer experimenter in electricity and magnetism. After
the discovery by Oersted, he demonstrated electromagnetic induction in the year 1831. This is the basic
principle of the working of generators.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
James Clerk Maxwell was a British physicist, and he wrote treatise on magnetism and electricity in the year
1873. He developed the electromagnetic field equations in the year 1864. The equations in it were explained
and predicted by hertz’s work and faradays’ work. James Clerk Maxwell formulated an important theory –
that is, electromagnetic theory of light.
Henrich Rudolph Hertz (1857-1894)
Henrich Rudolph Hertz was a German physicist born in 1857 in Hamburg. He demonstrated the
electromagnetic radiation predicted by Maxwell. By using experimental procedures, he proved the theory by
engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses. He was the first person to demonstrate the
photo-electric effect. The unit of frequency was named Hertz in his honorarium.
Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
Andre Marie Ampere was a French mathematician and physicist. He studied the effects of electric current
and invented solenoid. The SI unit of electric current (the Ampere) was named after him.
Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Karl Friedrich Gauss was a physical scientist and a greatest German mathematician. He contributed to
many fields like algebra, analysis, statistics, electrostatics and astronomy. The CGS unit of magnetic field
density was named after him.
Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891)
Wilhelm Eduard Weber was a German physicist. He investigated terrestrial magnetism with his friend Carl
fried rich. He devised an electromagnetic telegraph in the year 1833, and also established a system of
absolute electrical units, and the MKS unit of flux was named after Weber.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1932)
Thomas Alva Edison was a businessman and an American inventor. He developed many devices like,
practical electric bulb, motion picture camera, photograph and other such things. While inventing the electric
lamp, he observed the Edison effect.
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil; the Tesla induction motor; alternating current (AC); electrical supply
system that includes a transformer; 3-phase electricity and motor. In 1891, Tesla coil was invented and used
in electronic equipment, television and radio sets. The unit of magnetic field density was named after him.
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887)
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was a German physicist. He developed Kirchhoff’s law that allows calculation of the
voltages, currents and resistance of electrical networks.
James Prescott Joule (1818-1889)
James Prescott Joule was a brewer and an English physicist. He discovered the law of conservation of
energy. The unit of energy – Joule was named in his honor. To develop the scale of temperature, he worked
with Lord Kelvin.
Joseph Henry (1799-1878)
Joseph Henry was an American scientist, and independently discovered electromagnetic induction in the
year 1831 – a year before faraday’s discovery. The unit of induction was named after him.
Lee De Forest (1873-1961)
Lee de forest was an American inventor, and he invented the first triode vacuum tube: Audion tube in 1906.
He was honored as the father of radio.
Walter schottky (1886-1997)
Walter schottky was a German physicist. He defined shot noise-random electron noise in thermionic tubes,
and invented the multiple grid vacuum tube.
Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890-1954)
Edwin Howard Armstrong was an inventor and an American electrical engineer. He invented electronic
oscillator and regenerative feedback. In 1917, he invented super-heterodyne radio and patented FM radio in
the year 1933
History of Electronics
Ancient Rome had batteries (Did they know what they were doing?)
Ancient Greece developed a knowledge of
‘Steam power’ (didn’t want to get their hands dirty!)
Electricity
Dozens of people Responsible Research took several hundred years Most theories/information developed by 1900
Electronics
Many individuals contributed Electrical experiments and information built the ‘base’ for Electronics Associated with Wireless
developments Generally regarded as ‘starting’ about 1900
Benjamin Franklin Hans Christian Oersted
1706-1790 1777-1851
- Writer and Scientist - Demonstrated that electricity effected magnetism
-Researched Electricity - Initiated the study of Electromagnetism
-Researched Weather & Meteorology -Discovered Aluminum
- Defined Positive & Negative Charges Andre Ampere
-Had many other inventions! 1775-1836
Charles Coulomb - French Mathematician & physicist
1736-1806 - Invented the Solenoid
-Experimented in mechanical resistance -Studied the effects of electrical currents
-Developed Coulomb’s Law for electrostatic charges Georg Simon Ohm
Luigi Galvani 1789-1854
1737-1798 -Experimented with Electrical circuits
-Studied effects of electricity on Frogs! -Made his own parts - including the wire!
- Revealed animals had and were effected by electricity. -Discovered OHMS law a relationship between Current,
voltage & Resistance.
Alessandro Volta
Michael Faraday
1745-1827
1791-1867
- Very Interested in
- Great pioneering experimenter in electricity and
-Electrical experiments going on in late 1700’s magnetism
- Invented the battery
-demonstrated electromagnetic induction - 1093 patents including phonograph, incandescent lamp,
much more
James Prescott Joule
-Observed the “Edison effect” while inventing the electric
1818-1889 lamp
- Discovered the Law of Conservation of Energy Nikola Tesla
-The unit of energy, Joule, is named in his honor 1856-1943
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff -Serbian-American
1824-1887 -Inventor and Engineer
- Known for his work on the Spectroscope - Invented: AC generators, distribution system and AC
-Developed Kirchhoff’s Laws induction motors

Sir Charles Wheatstone - Hated by Edison

1806-1876 Guglielmo Marconi

-Early work on the telegraph, photography, & electricity 1874-1937

- Developed theConcertina (accordian) Found uses for the -Patented Radio Telegraphy in 1896
Wheatstone Bridge - 1901 transmitted signals across the Atlantic Ocean
James Clerk Maxwell - Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909
1831-1879 John Ambrose Fleming
-Wrote Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in 1873 The 1849-1945
equations in it explained Faraday’s Work and predicted
Hertz’s work -Student of Maxwell’s Worked for Edison then Marconi
Heinrich Rudolph Hertz - Invented the Fleming Valve - the first electronic rectifier
or diode (1904)
1857-1894
Lee De Forest
-Demonstrated the electromagnetic radiation predicted
by Maxwell 1873-1961
- First to demonstrate the photoelectric effect - Held 300+ patents 1906 - invented the Audion tube, the
first Triode vacuum tube
Wilhelm Rontgen
- 1912 cascade his tubes to increase amplification Lee Dee
1845-1923 Fore
-Discovered X-Rays in 1895 Walter Schottky
- X-rays were used by doctors within months 1886-1976
- Max von Laue proved they were electromagnetic in - Had multiple Doctorates
nature later (1940’s)
- Defined ‘shot noise’ random electron noise in thermionic
Thomas Alva Edison tubes
1847-1931 - 1919 invented the multiple grid vacuum tube
Edwin Howard Armstrong
1890-1954
-Invented regenerative feedback and electronic
oscillators
- 1917 invented the superheterodyne radio
-1933 patented FM radio (wideband)
Philo Taylor Farnsworth
1906-1971
-1922 (age 14!) invented an electronic TV system
- 1927 patented his TV system
- Litigation with RCA nded in 1939-RCA agreed he won!
William Bradford Shockley
1910-1989
- Worked with Brattain and Bardeen on a team that
invented the junction transistor
-Shared the 1956 Nobel prize with Brattain and Bardeen
Walter H. Brattain
1902-1987
- Worked on Radar silicon detectors
- Worked on the team that invented the junction transistor
- Shared the 1956 Nobel Prize with Bardeen and Shockley
John Bardeen
1908-1991
- Developed a theory of quantum surface states of
electrons which led to the invention of the junction
transistor
-Shared in the 1956 Nobel Prize with Shockley and
Brattain