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    Goleman Emotional Intelligence Chapters 1 2 3 PDF

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    MikeRivero

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    of 27
    [MORE PRAISE FOR EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ‘Goleman succeeds in aking» powerful case for the importance ‘fhe atively new concep of enerionalinteligence, while ‘geatly bradeing our understanding of what intelligence ipa about the fit pace Kile eviews “Aas, psychology that ives equa me to the inteligence of emosions, "Never before have Dan Goleman’ highly acclaimed gfe of wating and sees been so elective deployed, ‘good and important book. Howard Garde, Graduate School of Education, Harvard Univessty ‘motional elignce ful of praia sgh fr panes and eachers “The innovative strategies Goleman proposes ci hep counter violence ‘i der pals hae keep eulen rom growing into productive, Siisied als, Ramon C. Conines former Chancellor, New York Cty Boaa of Eaucation “hat job Daniel Goleman hs deine! His research is excellent and pall Together so much weall ned to Understand about the roots ‘of emotional inligeace, expecially the impoaance ofthe Foundations aid dowa in the eat yes a 8 an a8 Aristotle’s Challenge Anyone cam become angry—tbat & eas. But 1 be angry ‘eu beri person, the right degre, abe righ ime, for the righ! purpose, ani the right wats is no easy ikyasanunbexaly steamy August alieroon a New York hy end of sveny day uta people sullen wh cconon. | warheaingackoa tee anda stepped onto ats up Macon Avene was sated Dy the dhver a middleaged black man with an enue sale, who welcomed tne wil fiend, “H! How you doing” asl goon geting he profleed toereryore che who credo th bs wormed thought tk mown tee Each pasenger ass wanted and locket othe morose moa the ye rete is pecing Bata the bus cred prow tcp grok slow, er maga trnfomtation occured, The tive gave # running moaclogue for Our benef ively commentary on the psig scene aud Us There Was terse hat wore, a vonderl exhib a th meu, id you Bear About the ecw wove that ut peed at hat cna down he Hoc? Hs Gig in the ach posses he cy fered was infectious. Byte oe people gt of the bu, ach intra had shen a eS celseyhad ‘Gish, and hen he diver shou outa "Soong, ave reat ay Sek pve sling sponse “he memory oat encounter hs ayed wil me for cle to weary years When [ode that Maison Avenue bus, 1 hd jst Baie my own Aeon pyeeog—bu tee wa sa steton pid the oychok ogy ofthe day tot wach tortion coud happea, Psychoogeal Arye ie Ing he spreading vis of poo! fs at mst have fpped toh the fy, tng fom pases on his ts sw tht hss iver Ws an s Arita Charge urban peacemaker of sos, wird in is power to transmuted sullen ‘esa that seated n his passengers, to Sften ad open ther hear bt ‘In sark conta, some tems from this week's paper + Atalocal schools nine-year-od ges ona rampage, pong pnt rer satiol desks, computes, ad printers, and vandalizing ca inthe school | pekinglot The reason: somethie-gadeclassmate called hie baby and the wanted! oimpres them, + High youngsers re wounded when a inadvertent bomp ina crawdof ‘eenagersmiling outside « Manhatn rap cub leads to shoving sath “which ends when one of thse affonted stats shooting 4.38 caliber a0 mate handgun ito the crowd. The report notes tht such shootings ever Seemingly aunor sights, which are percetved a8 ats of disespet, hive become increasingly common around the county in recent yes + or under vis under twelve, ayaa report, 37 perent ofthe ‘rer are their parents or stepparents. In almost hal the cases, the pares sy they were “merely tyngto discipline the cil" The fatal beatings were romped by “infacions” such asthe chill blocking dhe TV, eying oF sling diapers + A.German youths oa wal for murdering fie Turkish women and isin fre he st while they slept. Pat of a neo-Naai group, he tel ag 10 told jobs, of diakiag, of blaming his hard lock on foreigners. Ina bay aul oie, he pleads, Tea stop being sorry for what we've dane, and Amity ashamed, ach day's news comes to us ile with such reports of the dsinegrtion of ‘ity and safety, onslaught of mean sptited impulse sung amok Bat the news simply reflects buck 1 us ona ler scale a creeping sense of ‘motions out of contin our own ives and in those of the people aoxnd, Us. Noone s insulated Fm thin erat tide of outburst an eee eaches {to all of our ives in one way oF anther, ‘Thelas decade hasseen' seady drum of repors ike these poaying an upc in emodonal inepitude, desperason, and recklesnest in >it Families, our communities, and our clive lives, These years have chon Jeled surging rage and despa, whether inthe que lneines of ltchkey ow TY fora babyster, or inthe pain of children abandoned, SE Be icy atl elec. Apne ale canbe read in aurners showing 2 jump in depression the work and inthe reminders of «surging tide of ageression-— Artes Chatonge x teens wth gunsin schools, freeway mishaps ending in shocking, digrued ‘excemployees massicring emer fellow workers, Bmotonal abuse, drive-by ‘hooting and posttraumatic seal entered Ye commun lexicon ove The “st dBcade, a the slogan ofthe hour sited rom the cheery “Have a aice day" tothe tenis of Make my day. This book la use to making sense ofthe senelesnes. As psycholo fist, and for the last decade as a journalist for The New York Times, Ihave bees tacking the progres of our scientific understanding ofthe ean ofthe itiona From that perch Ihave been sack by two opposing ends, one orang growing esa nour share emotional fe, the ote offering, some hopefl remedies WHY THS EXPLORATION NOW “Te ast eae, despite ts bad news, has atb0 seen an unparted burst of “Senific tudes of emtign. Most dramatic ae the glimpse ofthe bain at ‘won, made possble by nmovave methods suchas new bain-magingtcch hologies. They have ade vsle forthe fin tine in hora history What has theays been a source of deep mystery: excl how bis incate asso cells ‘pentes while we ink and feel, imagine and dream, This ood of neuro bloga! data asus undereand more eanyhaneve hw the bras en: fersforemotionmove so age ortoteus, and how more ancien parse Frain, which ius to make wara well as love te channeled fo bater or ‘worse, This unprecedented lary onthe working of emotionsand heal ings rings ino focussomeresh remedies for aurea emotionless have ad to wat il ow before the sce harvest was all enough 0 veitethis bok These nights ars ate ncominglrgly becuse the place tf fecting in mena ife hasbeen sping sighed by esearch oer the yes leving the emotions a largely unexplored continent for scenic Pychotogy. [nothin voi hus rushed a weer of sel elp books wel- {etentoned vie based abet o clea pain at ickingnich 89, cient has Now sejence aly able speak wat authors to these “gent and perplexing questions ofthe payee a1 most ian, map ‘vith some precision the human heat “This mapping oes challenge to those who subscribe to a narow view ‘of ecigence rging that 10 speed given hat cannot be changed by lfcexperenc,andthat our desiny nlf agly fixe y these apices. “That anment ignores the moe challenging queston: What can we change Arciies halonge that wl ep our hin fre bar oie What aso are at le, fr tasepl, ote pore of High 1Q Hound eed ie of node 1 ups we? | woul ane da the ilrnce gute is he ths led hace enna! RaW deo or Sal Eleeece co ay ore ge ae Salle, cn be EAGHTTO MOT Bing tem ater ane W we tr net ptertal he ent tery ay have pen et Ney ne pl ere Tere whet the of sky cme to unre sere pet, he scsi, we career of ick meat bt ag is or cme rs Hers trp cot te ae ea ecigece nga Lok evens ecko Hee ae tenllasacn Threw irre cia ganar ge! vadeirhg easel cai Poh ieee il | | ned of onda te SAT al pole afc oes | ise inion Thos woe athe my of peo bk | | Devaar moral deficiency The ability to coatol impulse thebase ‘Sf wl and character By the se Token, the roto alu isn expat, the ably to rad emotions in others. lacking sense of anthers need or ‘despa, there i 0 caring. And there are any tw moral tances tht our times eal fo, they are precisely these, sel estraint ad compassion, ‘OuR JOURNEY In this book serve a a guide ina journey through these scenic insights lntothe emotions, voyage aimed at bringing yreaer understanding oom ofthe mos perplesing momens ia ourown iesandin the Wold aourd ‘The joumey’s end is 1 understand wht means—and how—t0 ding ‘ntligence 1 emotion, This understandg elf can help 1 some dace; bringing cognizance to the realm of fein has 2 eet someting ike the ‘pact of an observer at te quantum leven pss, lei what seg ae Gr journey hegns in Part One with new dacoveres about the bras ‘mosioealarhitecure chat fer an explanation of tose most hain mo rents in our lives when feck overwhelms all tional. Undestaading the interplay of besn src that rule our moments of rage an feo passion and joy—revealsmach about how we lara the emotional abi that ‘ean undermine our best intesons, 2s wellas what we can dot subdue oot Arstoe's raenge more desinxcveo sel defeatng emotional impulses Most npn, Te] ruolgi da suena window of opporuny or ping 08 ches sional habits, wa athe te maps top on curjourey, Pa Twoo Hisbook, ia sclng how resco gven play out Inthe bac Bar for ving called emettonal inetigence beng al, for expe, tori in emotoal impulse to ead another inert feeting to handle resonsipe moth role putters -tobe angry wih he ight person tthe ight Segre at the nue, othe i purpose and athe rg wa.” ender whose tet dawn to neurlogs dct my wantiopraceed dec otissecon) “Thisexpanded model ef wat tans to e"lneliget pas erations a soe comer of aptdes orn, Part Tree examines ome key dleences th aptitude makes: hw these bites can presee our most pied re tonhips otek coved the; how th ake fore tht re op ing our woke ae ping an unprecedented. pretium on cron intligece or one p uccxsandHow toc eons px our psa telat much isa door can-smoking even axemcdeal balance cat lp protect out heal nd welling ag a “Gur genetic heritage endows each of us with a series of emotional set ns tha eps erent Bu the bain cir vo Eamonn see perme iste PFO fhe emtionallesons ween chen at Home acl at schoo shape the fewatonl cree, tng ur more adept or nepal the basis of ene tal elie This cae tn chico acl adolescence ae cc rnd of appr for acting down te esl emetonl habe at till gover tves. Pa Pie enplores what azide swat thos who in growing may, fall omer te emotional real—how defence a etiaal ne Tgene helen a specrom of st, fm cepesion ors ie of vente ting dorder sod dr abure, And docunets how pioneering schools tec eching cient oneal and acl tle tey eed keep te Iheron rack Pechips the most disuring single piece of data in this book comes roma. Ihasive survey of purents and teachers and shows worldwide end forthe ous survey of parents and teachers and shows a wrkdwde endfor the reset generation of chien tobe move woubNed emexinaly than thea ‘ore lonely and depres, one angry ancl nmuly yore nervousad pose eee Ifthe isa remedy, [felt mst i n ow we prepare our youn fre ‘ar present we leave the emotional education of our een to chance, with, 2s Asses Chalonge ‘evermore dsasous resis One solution sa new visona what schookcan ‘do to educate the whole student, bringing ogee mind and heart i dhe ‘lssroom. Gurjouincy ends wih isso ianotative lasses that a og children 2 grounding i the bas of emotional inteligence, Lean foresee a {ay when education wl routinely include inclcating essential am com petenccs suchas self awareness, slfonto, and empathy, and the ars of listening, resolving confcs, nd cooperation In The Nicomachsan bis, Artes philosophical enguy into vitae, character, andthe good life, his challenges to marge out emoviona ie ‘eth incligence, Our passions when well exercised, have wisdom: they ‘guide our thinking, our values, our survival But they can easly go wr, ‘do soallto0 often A Arise sw, the problem nor with emotional, but ‘th the appropriateness enedon and expression, The questions how ‘an we bing ineligence to our emoions—and city 1 our street and ‘rng to cur comminal ee PART ONE - THE €MONONAL BRAIN 1 What Are Emotions For? ‘nuit the bart tat ome sees igh: what i esential Invite to hee. Ponder the lst moments of Gry and Mary Jane Chauncey, a couple cont ltl devote to their eleven-yearold daughter Andre, who was confined {oa wheeleha by cereal pany. The Chauncey famly were passengerson fan Ararak tain thit crashed ino aver afer barge Bit and weakened & ‘oad ge a Lousiana bayow county. Thinking frst of ther dager, the couple ted their beat sive Andrea a watershed into the sinking tin somehow they managed o push Andrea through window 1 ese, ‘Then, asthe car sank beneath the water, they perished andes’ sory, of parents whose lst heroic acl 1 ensure tei hes survival, captures a moment of almost aythic courage. Without doub such Incident sof parent sacrifice forthe progeny have been repeated countess tines in hutnan history and prehistory, and countless more inthe lager oure of evolution of ur speci® Scen fom the pespecite of evolution dary bolo, such parental self-sacrifice i nthe sevie of neproitive Succes in passing cn one genes to fre generations. But fom the pempectve ofa parent making desperate decison in a moment of ris, {about noting ether than love “Asan insight into the purpone and potency of emotions, this exemplary act ‘of parental rcs etfies tothe tle of stunt love and every other ‘emotion we fel—in human life. Ir suggests tat our deepest Fc, ove pssons and longings, ae essential guises, an that our species owes auc 3 of existence to thee power in human afr, Thc poser i exrsranary: (Only 2 potent lve—the urgency of saving cherished child—eould ead pret overide the impulse for personal survival Seen fom he inl, thei sacrifice was anubly rational, seen fom the hea, twasthe only | Se | | ‘Socibiolgss point tothe preeminence of ean overhead at such ria ‘moments when they conectute about why evolution as given emotion such acentalroleinthe human payche. Ouremtions, they sy, guWdewsinislng, | predicament and tasks 100 npotant 1 leave to intellect alone—dange, Puiful os, perssing toward a goal despite frasations, bonding with a tes, bulding fay. Each ection offer a diinctvetesdiness © ac ‘ch points us ina dection that hus worked well to handle he ecuring challenges of human hfe AS these eteral stations were repeted an repeated over our evolutionary history, the sural value of our emsional reperiire wasalteded toby is becoming inpinted in ovr nerve sate, ‘auomade tenclenles of the human heat. ‘A view of human nature thi ignores the porter of emtions is say shonsighted. The very name Homo sapiens the thinking species, # mie Jeading in light of the new appreciation and vision of the pee af emsions in ou lives thar scence now offers. As we all know fom experience, when icomes to shaping our decisions and our actions, Feeling counts every bi as ucl—and often mee—than thought, We have gone too fa in ph ‘zing the value and impor of the purely aionl—of whar 1Q messes — 4 human life. Tor better or worse neligence can come to nothing when Por beter oF wore ineligence can come to pthing when the emetions hold say WHEN PASSIONS OVERWHELM REASON Teas tragedy of enor, Fourteen-yeu-od Mata Cabiee was ust pay- ing a practical joke oa her father she jumped out ofa closet and yelled "Boot ax her parents came home at one inthe morning rm visting fends, ‘Butabby Crabuee an his wife shou Maca was saying with fend ‘har night: Hearing noises a he entered the house, Crabuce reached fr his 357 caliber pistol and went io Aatlda’s bedroom a investigate, When Bs ‘daughter jumped ffom the cose. Crabee shot her inthe neck. Mata ‘rabuce ded twelve hours ater ‘One emotional legicy of evolution i the fea that nobiles us to protect ‘ou family from danger, tht impulse impelled Bobby Crabtree to gt gn What dre Eaton or? 5 wed scare is house for the intuder he shought was prowling there, Fear Prime Crabtrecto shoot before he could aly ester what he was shooting ‘even before he could recognize his daughter's voice. Automate reactions ‘of this wor have become etched in ae nervous system, evohaonary bilo- [sts presume, because fora long and eruial period a hua prehisory they ade the difeence between survival and death ven mene important, they mattered forthe min kof evolution: ei able ear progeny who ‘would carry on hese very gente predaposiions—a sa ony, ven the tragedy atthe Crabree household Bu while our emotions have been wise guides in dhe evolutionary long ‘un the new reales ciation presen have arisen with such rapidity that the slow march of evolution cannot keep yp. tndeed, the fist ws and pxlamations of ehics—te Coe of Hamma, the Ten Commandments (fhe Hebrews, the Edt of Emperor Ashoka can be read as attempts hares, suv, and domestcte emotional Me. A‘ Pew descbed i {Gliznion ands Discontent, society has ha 10 enforce Soa wahout rules meant to subse tides tinal exces that surge to rely wii ‘Despite these social constants, passions overwhelzs reason time and gain. Thisgiven of human nature arises rom the bascarchitectre of ental life, In tras of bilogcal design forthe basic neural cruiay’ of emesion, ‘what we are hom with i what worked best forthe ast $0,000 human genertons,nothe ast 30 generitions—and certainly ot the ast ive. The Slow, deliberate forces of evlution tat have shaped our emodons have ‘one ther work over the course of «milion yeas the last 1600 yea— ‘despite having wines the rapide of burn ciizaton and the explo- Sono the human popula fom five milion oven —have let ile imprint on our bolic templates fr emotional fe orbiter o for wore, cur appraisal fever personal encounter and our esjonses toate shapes not ot by our rational pdgments rou personal Fistor, but also by ur tant ancestral pas. This leaves us wth sometimes tage propensities, 1s wines the sd events a the Crabtree household stot we to often confront posinoder lemmas wih an emotional epet {oie tailored tothe ungences of the Plelstocene. That preicament ia the hear my sub Impuises to Action (neatly sping iy Twas ving longa highway er a mountain pas in Colorado, wen a snow Mun siden beste! out the car a fe? lengths “ “Dae Buomona ean Ree ef Aa pene steel enti mateo ee cere tow wasn «bing wens, ring my fot on th ak, Feld fel ase od my by and berth thing of my es ey bik fal fe polled ver sie of te om wong Pa ype Atel eee ba be roped aay eae tnd conned on ny way—only be atpped few hed yarisown thera here an ambulance enw pags pasngerina rath ese ermine i cole ol ge Comined vig the Bing sow, prot woul have ite “he ton er fore em me tht yay he sd my eke & btm a tivorstbe ito aa or « cme hing Fe cet etree pled me 0p pay ation, and heed fa oning danger Allenna aren ese, ple ac thei plan ox haing ga ech sehr ee ee Beit pe an ve to ave pane pre =” w See © Suggesting tha tendeny to acti inpliiin evry emi, That 4 Nites ste oer OS ce chy ts nly nelle? we en ig ee ara inl Ie for meine rotten oe EE Thou cool scp cach coon ae pea by tir dante cal satires Ge Aopen for dts op Sesiraa). Wi new methods to per tan We PO a Re stn Sar ireehoral fad ee oceeed Prepreshe body fra vy eect of pons” + Wi anger ood lowstothehands, making teaser to grasp weapon for tke a¢ 3 foe; heart rite increases, and mish of Hormones ich as aienaline generates 2 pulse of energy song enough foe vigorous ation, * with fear blood goes to the large skeletal muscles, such as inthe eas ‘making easier to ee—and making the face blanch as blood shunted vay from i (ereating the feeling that de blood “runs cok). tthe same ‘ime, the body Feenes, Fon fora momen, peta allowing time to age ‘whether hiding might be a beter reaction. Ccuits nthe brs emaional centers trigger flood of hormones that put the body on gener ae, ‘making it edgy and ready for action, and stedon fixate on the teat a andthe batter to evalte what response 0 make * Among the main biological changes in happinessisan increase activity ina brain center that inubis negative feelings and fosters an increase in What ave mains or? 7 sallble energy, and a ciety of hone that generate woersoane thought But there no particular sftin physlogy save quiescence which makes the body recover more quickly from the bilogkal arousal of upsetting emotions. This configuration offers the beady a general res, = well reach ‘pes ad ertusas for whatever tas 3 hand and for steing toward a yea vay of goals ove, tender fecings, and sexual satisfaction entail parasympatetle sroussl—the physologicsl opposite ofthe “ightoe ight” mobilization Shred by fear and anges The parasympathetic pater, dubbed the “eax tion response,” isa bodywide set of retetons hat generates general sate ‘calm and contentment, ating cooperation The ting ofthe eyebrows in surprise allows dhe ing in ofa larger visual sweep and also permits moe ight sek the retina, This offers more information about the unexpected event, making i easier to gure out ‘eval hat is going on and concoct the best plan for action *Atound the world anexprescn of dsustlooksthe same, and sends the identical message: somethings offensive in ae o stelle metaphorically 0: The facial expression of dsgst—the upper lip curled to these a the ove wrinkle slgly—suggets a primordial attempt, as Dawn observed, to close the nos against 3 noxious odor of to spit Out poisonous fod, "Arman union for sadnessto hep acto grant ls, such asthe ‘death of someone close ort major dsappoisimeat Sadness brings cop in ‘corey and enthusn for e's activities, particulary diversions and plea- sures and. te deepens and approaches depression, sowsthe body's meta ‘lism, Thisinrspectve with crete the opportunity omourna ss oe Frustrated hope, grasps consequences for one’, ad, as energy etn, plannew beginnings, Thislose of energy may wellbave kept saddened—and Sulnerable—ealy himansclosetohome, where they were safe. These biological propensities o act reshaped further by our fe expes- fence and our eure, For instance, universal the loss ofa loved one elite Sides and gic But how we show our grieving—how emaions ae ds- played or held bacefor priate moments—s made hy culture, as are which Paticular people in our lives fll no the category of “loved ones” to be “The proactd pero of evolution when thee emational responses were Imre into shape was certainly 4 harsher sealiy dhaa most humans fendired asa speci ater the daw of recrded history. Iwas tine when Few infants sovived 0 childhood sd few adults to thy years, when ® “Te Boron Baan predators could stike at any moment, when the vagasies of drougs and floods meant the difference between Saration and survival Buc with the coming of agcultue and even the most rudimentary human societies, th ‘defor survival boganta change deamatically- ithe late thowsane yeas, ‘when these advances took hold dhyoughout the world, the ferocious pees sures that had eld the human population in check eased steal “Those same pressures had made tr ection sespanse 0 valle foe survival as they waned, 9 did the goodness fit of pars of aur emaional repertoire, While in he ancient pasa haiseigger anger may have oflered a crucial edge foe survival, the availabilty of automatic weaponry o theca Yyearokls has mide too often 3 dastous reaction * ‘Our Two Minds Afriend was telling me about her divorce, pnfl separation, Hee hsb Iadfallen ia love witha younger womanat work andstdenlyannourcedhe ‘was leaving to live with the ther woman, Months of biter wrangling over ose, money and custdy of te children followed. Now some mona, se was saying that her independence was appealing to hes, that she was happy tobe on herawn, jst don'thik about him anymore —Ircali dont ‘ate, she sid. Butasshe sit her eyes momentarily welled up with eas. That moment of tery eyes coll easly pass unmoved. But the empathic understanding that someone's watering eyes means she is sad despite her "worst the contrary isan act of comprehending jist as rely ase ding ‘meaning fom words.on printed page. One san act ofthe emai ind, the oter ofthe rational mind, Ina very rel sense we have two mini, one that thinks ad ne tha ees. These wo undamently lferent ways of knowing irc to cont ‘ourment fe One, eal mind, the mode of compreensonwe ar typical conscious of more prominent in awarens, thug, eo ponder an elles Bt along a heres ancter syste of knowing tmpubive and power, smectic emetonl and Fora more detailed Gestion ofthe characteristics the emotional mid, ee s “Te enotonal/ ronal cksomy approximates the fk distincon be teen “hen” and head’ knowing something ight "i your hear” 4 Aiferent onder of conviction somehow deeper kindof cerns thinking 0 wh your onal mind. Tres aed gradient in hea of ‘tonaerootonal orl over the min he moe nena the fel, he What Are maton Rr? ° ore dominant the emotional mind becomes the more neecual the rational. This isan arangement that seers totem fem eons of evolutionary Adantage o having emotions and inutions ude our insantancoas te pense inststons sire a ves are in periand where pausing thik fiver what to do could east us our ves “These two mind, the emotional and he rational, operate init armony’ forthe mess par tering their very dierent ways of knowing © guide ss tvough the wodd Ordinal there sa balance between emotional and ‘tional minds, with emetion feeding sn informing the operations of he fiona mind, and the rasonal mind reining and sometimes vetoing the inputs ofthe emotions, Sil, the emotional and rational minds are semi Independent fcubes, ech, as we shall Sc, eflecting the operation of Aisin, bat inerconneced, cru inthe bran a many of most moments these minds are exquistly comdiaated, feelings ate esental to thought, thought 1 feling But when passions surge the balance tips tthe emotional mind hat captures the upper hand, swamping the sition mind. The saeemh-cenury_ homanis Trasanus of Rotterdam wrote in asst vein of this perenial tension een reason and enovion’ Jupiter has bestowed far mre passion than reason—you coal calle theratioas 240 one. He tp two nigagtyanieln oppostion 6 Heason's Solty power anger and Ins How fr Reason cam preva gain te ‘ombine forces ofthese ro the como ie of ran makes ite cleae Reason does the oaly thing she can and shuns here hows repeating Fowalas of vue, while the other fv bi her go ang ere, 2 ae increasingly nosy and oflensive, ut atlas thet Ruler exhausted ies pv and surendets HOW THE mran Grew obser gmp the potent ho of he motions on the hnking nnd and hy Feeling ae eso ate so realy at war—eomsier how the ban fev, Human bas wth fie ce poupd rs ells and eur Jukes are abou ple these f ose i ou nets cousin vain, the ponn primates. Over mions of years felon, debra has own onthe botlom vp, with is hie cet developingasclaboratis flower moe anceps Tie roma he rain ie humane | ‘ough retaes hs elon couse) 0 ‘Tur Euomonal ua ‘hemo rite partner int remo Fer mete aaa Win oan ee ea eee mins yeti ett | teaclon nd moremere Ths rte bin carer es (pietleeteeeeremersinannaggetttten | : oneness Se | ee errecee ene cee ere aca teem emc See cm les yer, fer i emote aes eed the tanking no “nese te eat of emda hat take op te top Byers Ihe fet tte king bn ef sort een coer eR, ae SOS gece ental ce Dee cist er eres Ec ee eis sya ic atk naal a Iningemin bok ttc, Okemo smal rte, pao ey hg facies cece rors fit cel tr pel Fe ral crenata sn nme aa er rey isin eet evenly growicg gs eoogh weacethe op often In rudmetay sage, the lacy center was canponed file me thn es of sre pubmed esp voc Oe per fel ack ic sel on coed atic the ees ange ‘sefftoie, sexually avalabe, enemy or meal, second layer of cells sentreflexive mesagestoughout dhe nervous system telling the body what do bite, feb approach, Ne, case Biv “Wu nearrval ofthe frst mammals came new, ey averse emotional | Sayan Thee, suroandingthe brainstem, ok roughly ike ahagel wth ite ken outat the boom where the brainstem nestles into them Becase this prof the brain rings an borders the brainstem, was called the “imbic System, fom limbus,” the Lain word fr “ri” This new neu testony added emotions properto the ain’ epenoge.! When Weare nthe gpa ‘raving or fury, ead-overheelsin love or rectling in dead isthe Hib system that his sin ts rp ‘As it evolved, the linbie system refine two powerful tons lating and memory. These revoitionary advances allowed an animal to be nu sms in ts choies for sural, and o fine-tune is responses to adapt hat dr net Fa 0 «hanging demunds rather than having invariable and automate reactions fa food led o scenes, could be avoided sext tine, Decisions ke knowing ‘whatto eat snd what to spura were stil determined lane trough sel he ‘contests between te olfactory bulb at the ble system now tok on tetasksof making distinctions among smellsand recognizing hem, compar inga presen smell wth pastanes, ands dscesniating ood fom ad This twas done by the “rhinencepaln,”ftenly the “nose bran" past of the Timbcwiring, athe uclatentary basis ofthe neocortes, the hiking bei, ‘About 100 milion years ago the brain in mamas took great sow spur. Ped on top of the thin two-layered contex-—the regions that pla, Comprehend whit s sensed, coordinate movement—several new layers of Frain cells were added to form the neocortex. In eonias 0 the ancient Iyainstwoyered corer, the noocaex fered an extaodnay ine tual edge “The Homo sapiensacoceme, so much argerthan nay ther species has aud al that ie csintly human. The neocortex i the seat of though ‘conttins the centers that put together and compreien what the senses perecve teas oa feeling what we thnk about t—and allows sto have feelings about seas at, symbols, imaginings Tn evolution the neocortex lowe judicious oe-uning that no doubt has made enormous advantages nan onsanisns aby to survive adversity ‘making tors key tha progeny would in tun pass onthe genes that teontain hat same neural cry. The survival edge isduc tothe neocortex’ talent for stating longterm planning, and other meatal wiles. Beyond that, the tumphs of a, of evization and culture, ae all fu of the “Thisnew addon othe bain allowed the addtion of nuance to emotional Iie Take love, Libie structures gener felings of pleasue and sexual desis—the emotions that feed sexbal passion. But the addition of the neo» ‘omexand is connections othe limb sem allowed forthe mother-child bond that i the isis ofthe family unit and the longterm commitment 10 chilean that makes human development possible Species thar have no ‘eoxoex, such as reptiles, lack maternal ection; when their young hatch, the newhoens must ideo avoid being cannibaac!) in humans te potec- tive bond ewecn parent and chi allows much of manuation goon over the course of long ciddhood—during which the hin continues to de- swelop. {As we proceed up the phylogenetic cae from repo resus to human, the sheer mas of the neocortex increases, wilh hat increase comes 2 ometric ise in he intesconnectons in rain cet: The ge the mums ber of such connections, the greater the ange of possible respons. The | ‘cocortes allows oe te suber and compenty of emotional fe, such 28 the ability to have feclings about our feelings There is more neocatex 1: limbic system in primates than in other species—and yay more in Inumans—suggesing why we are able o display a far greater ange of ‘eatons to our emotions, ad tore nuance, While «rabbit or thes has resrcied set of ypical responses to fer the ger human neocorexallowsa far more nimble repetire—including cling 91. The more complex the ‘social syster, the more essential i ach flebilty—and thre & 90 moe | ‘complex social werd than our on? do not govem all of emotional if; in ect ter ofthe heart—and most expecially in emotional emerges fan be ssid 10 defer 0 the ane system. Because so many’ of the brs Inghee centers sprouted from or extended the scope ofthe limbic ae “emotional brain plays a crucial olen neural agcitectre. AS the wo From "hich the newer ban gre, the emotional areas are isorvined viayad "conning cris (0 al pans ofthe neocortex. Ths gives the emotional ‘enters inns powe to inftencethe functioning the ret of teria — Including x centers fr thought 2 Anatomy of an Emotional Hijacking if is a comes for tose who tink anc a tregey for those soo fo Ie was hot August afternoon ia 1965, the stme day tha the Nev. Marta laser King, Je, gave bis"T Havea Drea speech 10a cv eights march on ‘Washingion, On that day Richard Robes sessoned burglar who had ust been paoled fom a dtceyear sentence for the more than one hundred. Ineakcin he had piled to syppor a hezoin hab, decided to do one mor, He wanted to renounce cme, Robes later claimed, but he desperately cde money fr his irene and their vee year-old daughter, “The aparunent he Loe nt that day Belonged wo (Young women, twenty-one year-old Janice Wylie, a researcher at Newsueo magazine, and tventytheee year-old Emly Hoff, grdeschooleacherThough Robles ‘hose the apament on New Yer’ swanky Upper Bas Side to bugaize Iecause he thought no one would be these Wylie was home Tiueatening ber wih a ie, Robles ted her up. Ashe was leaving, Hoffer came home, ‘o make good his escape, Robles began toe ber up, to. 1s Robles tos the ele years ner, whale he Was eg up Hoffe, Janice Wille warned him he woul not get away with this crime: She would remember his face and help the police tack hi dow. Robles, who had Promise himself his was to have been his lst ugar, panicked at that, ‘ontpletly losing con. Ina freny, he grabbed asoda bole ane chibbed ry the women until they were unconscious, then, awash in sage and ea, he slased and subbed them over andl over with kien kf, Looking back ‘on that moment some twenty-five years ater, Robles lamented,“ st Went bananas My hea just exploded “To ths day Robles hs los of ime to regret those few minutes of age ‘unleashed. A this wating he i stl in prison some three decades see, for ‘what became known asthe "Carer Git Marder Sch emotional explosion ae acura hjackings. At those moments, ev ence suggests, center inthe limbic bran proclaims. emergency rer dng the rest of the brain to is urgent agenda. The hacking occas is a8 ‘instant, eggering this eeacion crucial moments before the neocon, the thinking rain, has hada chance to gpse fll what shappenig, etalone cides good idea, The hallmas of such a hijack is that once the ome pses howe poe a th sr ef ot wg wt “These hijacks are by no means isolated, hori incidents tht leado bt crimes like the Career Gil Murders, I le extatophic for—Bul at ‘necessary less itense—they happen to us wih fal requency. Think back {othe as ine you “Tosti,” owing up at someone yous spouse a eh, ‘or pethaps the dever of another cir—to a degree that her, wth some reflection and hindsight, seemed unalledfor nal probability, ha, 00, 38 such 2 hacking, a neural takeover which, 25 we shal Se, onginates i the nial, center inthe limb bean ‘NocalllinbicIipckingsare distessing, When a joke ses somecne 50 uproarous that ther Ingghter almost explosive, thal, 00, #3 mbie 4 response. Iisa work also ia moment of intense joy: When Dan jason ater ‘several heartbreaking falls to caprore an Olympic God Mea fo speed ‘skating (which he ad vowed to doforhis dyiag ser, finally won the Gol {inthe 1,000 miter rce in he 194 Winter Olympics in Norway, his wife was ‘9 overcome by the exetement and happiness tat she had 9 be rashed ‘emergency pysicans at rinkside THE SEAT OF AL PASSION Inhumans the amyl (rom the Greek word for sland") isan mond shaped cluster of inerconnected stuctres perched above the brite near the bottom of the limbic rng. There are two amyl, one on ea ‘side ofthelvain, nostled towadthe ide ofthe bead. The human nya i atoms ofan Enesional Hacking 6 relatively Inge compare to that in any of or closest evotionary cousins, the primates ‘The hippocempusand the anya were de two key pars of the pn tive “nome brain’ that in evolton, pave ri wo the cortex and then the ‘coconex.Tothis day these nie stucues do much or mos ofthe brain's learning and remembering: the amygdala isthe special for emosonal nates i the amygdala is severed from the fet of the bran, the sesul a striking nab 0 gauge the emotional significance of events, thiseondiion Jssometimes called “afete inde Lacking emotional weight, encounters lose thie hold. One young man ya a ee say mee a ae ‘ome comple unterestedin peopl, ening tot ini Runa conact While be mas pel epate of convertion, He tecnicos ied eater even hither, and reine) “mpassive i the face oftheir anguish at is indifference. Without an amy ‘al he scemed o have lost ll ecopiton of Feeling, aswell 25 any Feeling about feelings. The amygdala acts aa storchouse of emotional memory, tral thus of significance elie without he amygdala safe sipped of pens meanings ‘More than afecion ited tothe amy ll passion depends on Animasthathave their amygdala moved or severed lack earand ig, lose the wige to compete or cooperate, and no longer have any sense of thei place inthe kinds social order emaion is blunted or absent. Tears, an motional signal unique to humans, are triggered by the amyguata ad a eatby smc, the cingulte gus, being hel, suoked, oF otherwise ‘comforted soothes these sume bran gions, sopping the sobs, Wihowt an ‘York Universi, was the st to discover the key role of the 2rd in the emotional br? Leow is pa of a fest breed of neuroscientists who Aiaw on innovative methods and technologies tat bing a previously unknown level af precsion to mapping the brain at work, ad 0 can lay bare mysteries of mind that earlier generations of scents have found Impesrable. His fdings oa the cease ofthe emotional brat overthrow ‘longstanding notion about the limbic system, pating the amygdala athe enter of the action and placing other Lime suuctres in ery eiflerent oles leDoux's esearch explains how the anya can ake contol over what ‘wed even asthe thinking sin the neacorex, til coming to delion, Kee sal se, the workings ofthe amypala ands inerpay ih ete ar atthe heart of emesinalintligence THE NEURA TRPWRE Most intriguing for understanding the power of emation in mental fe are those momen of impassioned ton that Welter regret, nce the dus as sealed, the quesion is how we so easly become 20 inationa. Tike, for ‘Gzample, 2 young woman who drove fw hours to Boston to have brunch ‘and spend the day with her boysend. During brunch he gave her a present She'd been waning For mont, sharon et print broght back rom ‘Spain. Buter delight dissolved the monnent she suggested that fer brunch they go to a matinee of a movie she'd been svamring to se an! her fiend “stunntl her By saying he coulda spend the day wh her because he had softal practice Hurt and inreduls, she go up in teats, eftthe ce, a fn impulse threw the prin ina otbage can. Months ater, courting the indent ts not Walking ou she segs, bu the los ofthe pin. Tes in moments such as these—shen impulsive feeling oveies the sational—that the newly discovered ole oe the amygdala spol lacom ing signals fiom the senses lt the amygdala scan every experience for trouble This pts the aya na powerful postin mental Me, something, lke a psychological seni), challenging every station, every perception, ‘wth batone kin of question in ming, he most pri: “Tthis something tte? That hurts sc? Something | fea” soi the moment handsome how deaws a “Yes'—the amygdala rac instantaneoaly, Hee neu apie, eleraphing a mesage of ers to al pars ofthe Bain Tthebain architecture he company shee = ee rr tae — ae Sea foal sien dooey yt rete tp oe are pet le bse ten ecton ef cys gece eet fees ricer rl ee ras be eden pa gi Cr nie Beal abet decoy Stare ie ieee eee ee speci nto cg ee es masa inet: ecigtic bak gece a Sree tin rc hh ee eel Anatomy of a Bmetional aching ” freeze uneated movements the muscles had underway, spec heart rate Ani raise blood pressure, slow breathing. Others vet tention on the séusce of the fest, and prepare the muscles to react accordingly, Sint fancously, comcal memory systems ae shed! to reieve any knowledge felevant to the emergency at hand, aking precedence over other rads of thoust ‘And these ae ist part of « careily coordinated array of changes the | amygdala orchestrates ae commande areas thrghoot the brain (ota | tote detaed acount, se Appendix ©) The arya’ extensive web of | peur connections allo ding a emotiogal emergency to capture and | Gave much of the rest ofthe bain—inciing the atonal mind THE EMOTIONAL SENTINEL find el having been on vacation n Englund, and eating brunch aa fanulside cafe, Taking a stroll aflerward along the stone eps down tothe foal, he suddenly sa a gl ging at the wate, he face fozen i fea ‘Before kre quite why, he had jumped in the waer—i his coat ate ly once he was inde water dd he ele that he git was staring in shock. fata toler wo had fll inshore was able wo reseue ‘What mace him jp sn the water before he knew wy? The an key, was his amygdala, the mos teling discoveries about emotions ofthe last deeade, jours wore evealed how the atchitecute of the bain givesthe any rvlged position as an etotional Sentinel, able to hijack the bexn > arch has sown that sensory signals fom eye oF ea tavel ist in rain othe alas, and then-—across a single sya second signal from the thalamus route tothe néocodes—dhe think Iain. This branching allows the amygdala to begin to respond byfore neocortex, whic ml information tough several levels of bain cul before uly perceives nial nats ts mose nel tailored respons TeDour's rseurch i revolutionary for understanding emotional Me ‘au it isthe rat to work ou neural palaways oe feelings that bypass neocortex. Those feolings that take the dret route throvgh the amyl Jno our mos primitive and potent this cre oes much to explain the er of emotion to overwbeli aionaly. cence ha been thatthe eye, ear, and ter sensory organs tans signals tothe thalimis, and feo there t 8 “Tar BuomONsL Bean sensory procesing ares ofthe neocortex, wherethe ia are putogether into objects as we pereive them. The signals are sned for meanings that the brain recognizes what cich objects al whats presence meas. Fra theneacorte, the oldtheor hel thesignalsare seaco the incr, and from there the appropriate response radiates cut trovgh the brain and the rest of the body, Tha isthe way a works much or most ofthe tine—but Teboux dacoveced a smaller bunle of neurons that leas cect rom the thalamus tothe amygdala, in adtion to those going though the ler path [fe eecteaas nasenehaisandiiansessaanea neo Tig dey psionic ened Pee oe cece fancy eee ane “The amyl can tigger an emotional response via this emergency route even ata pall everersting tet begins between the anya and foacortex. The amygdala can have us spring to action while the slighty slower—but more fll iaformed—neocorex unfolds ts more refine pla aa on overimed he aon shout pathy tele by on fear in animals ras quickly eared ofearthe tone, even could aot segsterin thelr neoconex cone” IeDous tol me ‘Some emotional reaction and emotional men ses canbe formed witout ay conscious, cogaavepartpation tall" The masala can hoase memories and response epee that we ect wih fut te realising wy we do so because the shortcut fren tala f@ acaygiala completely bypasses the neocortex. This bypass seems allow {he ama to bea epostory or emosioalmpeession and meres ta |we have never known about in fllabrarenes,leDoux proposes thititis the ryilalassubieranean role memory that explains, for exampe, as fing experiment in which people acquired a preference for cal sha Anatomy of an Beton Hacking ate pro o ‘vial sjal fist ges from the tina the balms, wbere Irs sto the language ofthe brat. Mas of be message ben (gos fo the visa cones, bereits analysed and asec for Ieaning ane apbrepae respon if that response & emotional Sana oct be amygdala acta the emia comers. Ba ‘aller orton the sal sna goes sre rom be alas ‘oiheamyala a quichorransmsion, alu fase og 1s prec) response, Tous be amyl can rigger an emotional response re the cortical centr ave ful ders what Dappening » The Bacon Baas scones igres that ha been Mashed at them so quickly that they had no Conscious awareness of having seen them all _ wheter we like “ness with not ast the density oF what ‘mations havea mindofeheirown, one which can dently of our ration mind. naa. opinion abouts? Our ld views quite indepen THE SPECIALIST IN EMOMONA MEMORY ‘Those unconscious opinions ae emotional memories: her storehouses the yal, Rescarch by LeDow and other neuroscentsts now sees (0 ‘suggest thatthe hippocampus, which has log een considered the Key strcture ofthe lic system, more involved in registering aod making fence of perceptial patlers than wth emouomal reactions. The hippo ‘ampuss mai input i in providing @ keen memory of context, ial for ‘etvtional meaning, i the hippocampus dat recognizes the differing ‘sinifieance of sy, a bear inthe 200 versus one in your backyard. ‘While the hippocampus remembersthe dy fas, the amygdala retains the motional Mavor that goes with those facts. we ty to pss 2 ear cra 0 lune highway and nartowly miss having a head-on collision, the hippo- campos retains the specifics of the incident ike what seth of race were ‘on, who was with us, what te ter ca looked ike. But is dhe nypdla that everater wil sensu of anety through us whenever we ty to pase ‘cain simiir cumstances As LeDowe put to me, "The hippocampusis ‘rll in recogniring face 38th of Your cousin. Butt ste amygdala you doa’ realy ike hee” “The bran uses a simple hut cunning method to make emotional memo- ries register with specal potency: the very sume neurochemical alerting Sytem that prime the body (0 react to Mexhveatelag emergencies by Fighting or cing alo stump the moment in memory with vrines.® Under sess or anit, oF presumably even the intense exctemeat of fy) 4+ nerve ronning rom the brain to dhe acenal glands atop the kideys Triggers secrcton of the hormones epinephvine and noeepsephvin, ‘which surge though the body priming Ie for an emergency. These hoe ‘anes aetvate recepnrson the Wau neve wile the vagus nerve cases messages fom the brn 20 regulate the hea, it also cares sigrals back Anatomy of an BmeasionalHyjacing a int the sin, wigered by epinephrine and norepinephrine. The amygdala fs the main ste ia the bain whese these sgnals go; they activate neurons ‘thn the amyl to signal eter brain eons to strengthen memory for | whats happening. «this amygdais arousal scems ¢ imprint in memory most moments of | emotional arousl with anadded degree of srengi—thars why weare more | likely, for example, to remember where we went ona fist date, or what we | were doing when we heard the news that dhe space shutle Challenger had ‘exploded, The more tense the amygdala arousal, the sronge the imprint the experiences tht scare of thil isthe most i fe ae ameng oue most | nlite memories. This means that, i effet, the bain has wo memory systems, ane for ordinary facts and ane for emotionally charged ones. A special sytem for emosionl menvares makes excellent seas in evolution, ff couse, ensuring that animals would have paculady vivid memories of ‘whatheaten or pleases them, Buvemeiona memoriescaa befall guides forthe present QUFOE-DATE NEURAL ALARMS ‘One drawhack of such neural alam that che urgent message the amygdala ‘sel is sometimes, if not fen, ouof-dste—especly in tbe Hud socal ‘work we humans iahabit Aste eposiory for emtional memory, he amy {hla scans experience, comparing. what is happening “AoW wh ‘vhathappenedinthe pst. ts methodof comparison rassoitive whenone key element of present station is simi to the past i can call a “mtch—which ie why this cies sloppy: tacts before there isl conte sation. Krak commiond that we reat tothe presenin ways that were ‘imprinted ong ago, wth thoughts emotions, reacionsleamnedn response events perhaps only cil smu, but elase enough to alarm the amygdala. "Tha former army auc, traumatized by the retentess Dood of gal woudl she once tended in wart suddenly swept witha mix of re, Testing, anc panic—= repeat of her baefel reaction wiggered once ‘esi, years ltr, by the sench when she opens a closet doot to ind her toddler had sas stinking disper there. A few spare elements ofthe ‘atonal chat need seem sna o some past danger forte amygdala to Irgger ts emergency proclamation, The trouble is that alongwith dhe emo- onaly changed memories that have the power to ger this rss response can come equaly outst! ways of responding ti 2 “Taz Boron, Bua “Teena bans nprecion n auch moments sade o by heft that many potent ertonal memos date om te it ew uso thereltonship between an infant adits eretakers, This especaly wae {or aaurtic evi ke beatings othr neglect. Duin is ealy esto of He ther ra stuctur,parull the ippocampus which {ruc for arv memories andthe ecco, set falar ough fv yet become fal developed. In iemory, the anya and hippo ‘imps wor hand hand cach tore and etrves is peta ifrmaton independently Whe the ippocnus reeves iormation, he amyl Holoey do ne in wit the kif" because he ws infuriated over the bad safer anfersing to. prvate school, Jason graded vo yes later athe top of his class A pesfet grade in reulr classes woul have given hm a teeighea, 40 average, but Jason had ken enough advanced courses 10 Tact his grade-point avenge to 4614—way beyond At. Even as Jason pedeated wth highest honors, his old pysics teacher, David Pologru, ‘Bonin that Jason had never apologized or even taken responsibilty for theanade? the question i, how couk! someone of such obvious iretigence do someting 20. rational—s0 downright dumb? The answer: Academic 2 es ‘Tie Nanime oF Boron: nmAGENCE intligence has ite to do with mosional fe, The brightest antong us ca funder on the shoals of unbids! passions and unruly impokes, peopl ‘wth igh 1Qs ean be stingy poor plas of hee private ves suoceed In lf, To be se, there ba eloaship between 1Q and l ‘ut by no means always. “There are widespread exceptions to the rule that 1 pees succes many Cor more) exceptions dan cases tht ithe ule Aes, IQcontibut shout 20 percent tothe factors that determine We success, whi leaves Percent o othe forces As one observer nes, “The vas majority of one ‘imate niche ia society is etertnne by non factors, ringing from so ‘lass tfc ven Richard Hermseia and Chases Mum, whose book The Bl Ca Jnputes a primary importance (© 1Q, acknowledge this; as they pola ou “Perhaps freshman wih an SAT aah scone of SOD ha beter no have ‘nea set on being muthcmstiian, but instead he wants 0 his Om busines, heme 4 US. Senator ar make 2 milion dollars, he should put aside his eam...» The ink betscen test scores and thaw ach rents i dwarfed by the way of other characteristics that he brags ie My concen is with key set of thse “other characteris” eat {nieligonce abies such x being able o motivate ones and persist nt face of fstaions, to contol impulse and delay gatfeation 0 gull ‘e's mrad and Keep tes fom swamping the ably to thn; to em thize and to hope_Unike 1Q, with ts nearly onenundre year history [esearch with hundreds of housunds of people, emotional niligence is ee concept, No one cin yet sy exacy hows meh ofthe Vara f J peromto person inl cose acount for, But what dita ext suggent ‘an be as power andat tines more powerful than iQ. And whe there those who anue that IQ cannot be changed much by expeence ore ‘on, Lill show in Part ve thatthe crcl emaional compstencies Indes! be lesned snd inypoved upon by chaldren—i we bose 0 te them. yes ye Sat oe 2 wr ‘One of psychology's open sacs sthe eave inability of grdes 10.0 When Smart Dumb 6 EMOTIONA INTELLIGENCE AnD DESTINY remember the fellow in my ov class at Amber College who fad atid. five perfect 80 scorexon the SAT and other achievement esse to before “saT ore, despite tele popular myst, to predict uneringy who will entering, Despite his formidable nllectal abies, he spent mos of his time hanging ox, stying up ate, and misng classes by sleeping uni noon, Creumstances fr lange groups 38a whole: many people with er low 1 etok him almost en years ofall ge his dee fend up ia menial os and dave wih high 1Qstend w become well pak 19 fers litle explain the diferent destinies of people with roughly ual promises, schooling and opportunity. When ninety-five Harvard = dents fom the classe ofthe 19405—atime when people wita wider spread [10 wen at vy Leap schools than is presi the case—were followed ino mldle age, ie men with the highest ex scores in college were not particulary succesful compared to thei lomersoring pees to teams of {lary reuctvy, orate nthe eld. No aid they have the greatest ie fatsfadion, TOF mun happiness wih fiendships, Fay, and romantic relavonsips ‘similar low-up in mile age was done with 450 boys, most sons of ‘migrants wo this from fries on welfare, who gre” up in Somerville, DMassachusety at the time 4 “blighted sua few blocs from Harvard. A ‘hen 1Qs below 90. Hu again 1 had ie relatonsip to how wel hey hal done st work or inthe rs of dei ives fr instance, 7 percent of men swt 1Qs under BO were unemployed for ten of more yeas, bu so were 7 perent of men with IQs over 10, To be sure, there was a genera link as there alvay 9 between 1 snd sacineconomic level a age foy-seven. But childhood abies suchas beng able wo handle Rustatios, contol emo ‘ons, and get on with other people ma the rete ference 5 ‘Consider also data from an ongoing study of eighty-one valdictorans and saluutorins fom the 191 class ios high schools, Al ofcourse, had thehighest ride point averages intheirschools But while they continued Achieve wel in college. geting excellent grades, by thee ate wees they fad clined to only average levels of succes. en yeas after graduating From high schoo}, only one in four were atthe highest evel of yung people of comparable ae in ther chosen profession, and many were doing much Tess wel, Karen Amold, professor of eduction st Boson Univensty, one of che reserchers tacking theledicorian’, exphins “think weve discovered the tal—people who know How to achieve in the ster. Hut valedi terans sree as surely aswell do To know tata person savaleditorian flow only that he or she ix exceedingly good at achievemeat a5, % “Toe Narune of EnoTOnAIeuucENce he Smart Dm a measured by grades. ell you sothing about how they reac othe Vic year-olds around play what they callthe Claseoom Game. The Clasoom tudes of ie"® ‘Game—a dollhouse sepa of Judy’s wa preschool dasszoom, wa sick And thats the problem: academic intelligence offers vitually no prepara fgures who have for head small photos othe students and eachers—is a tion for the tunmol-—or oppontuniy—hfe'svicsstudes bring. Yet evens of soil perceptivenes. When Judy's teicher asks he o pat each id though high IQ sno guarantee of prosperiy, prestige, orhappines in ie and boy in the pat ofthe room they lke to ply in mst—the ar comer, the ‘ur schools and our cule sate on academic abit, ignoring emotional ck came, and so on —Juy does so with complet accuracy. And when inteligence, a st of taits—some might alt chaactor—shat also maters aed opt each Hoy and gil withthe cen they keto py with mos, iaunensely fr sr personal destiny. Emesional Mesa domain tt, surly. judy shows she can match best fens for the ere clas. asimath reading, can be handled wih reterorlesse sil andrequesitsjudysaccuracyrevealthat shasa perfect social map ofherlass eve lnigue et of competencies. And how adept a pesson ist thse ruc to, of pexcepiveness exceptional fora four-year old. These are the skis that, understanding why one personthvesinlife while another, of equa itllect, ue ife, might allow Judy to Bossom st asain any ofthe ils where ddead-ends: emodonal apitude ia meta-abiy, determining how well we “peopl skis" coun, from sles ane management to diplomacy. ‘in vse whntever eter Skil We ba, including aw intellect "Tat judy’ socal ince was speted atl et alone ds eal, was due ‘OF course, thee are many paths o succes in life and many domains in| yy her being a student atthe Biot Pearson Preschool on te campos of Ts which other aptitudes are zewarded. In ou increasingly kowisge-based Univers, where Project Speci, a curiclum that ntenionallyculates Society, tecnica kl cerily one. There i hide’ joke "What da) a vary of kids of inellgence, was then being developed Projet Spee: you callanerdfifteen yeas fom now?" The answer: "Boss" Buteven among tn eecognzes that the human repertoire of ables oes far beyond the “ends” emationl iteligence offers an addled edge inthe worklace, 25 we hice Re, Ye aru and of word-and-sumer sls that schools wa hull sce in Part Three. Much evidence testifies hat people who are emo: faalyTaeus on It acknowledges that capacities such as Judy's socal per Tonal adepk—who know and manage their own felings wel, and wha) csptiveness ae lens tht an education can nurture rather than ignore ot ‘eadand de effectively with other people’ feckings—areatan advantage il eye usta. By encouraging children to develop afl range ofthe ales ‘ny domino if, whetherromance and inmate relationships orpickingup] fat tey willactaly daw on to succeed, or use sianply toe lille in what the unspoken rules that govern succes in organizational polis. Peoplg ey do, schoo! becomes an edustion in fe sls ————— bvth wel developed emetional skills ae also more kel tobe content and) The guiding visionary behind Project Speco ‘Mtactve in thet lives, aastering the habs of mind that foster thei Ova payee st the Harvard School of East recictivy; people who cana massa some cool over thet emotional Gardner tok! me, “wo hrowen out notion of the spectrum of talens. The life Rigi inaer ates that sabotage ther aby for focused wok ad lal singe most important contribution education can make to chk’ evelop- thought ‘vent sto help him toward eld where histalents best sit hin, where he vl be satisfied and competent. Weve compleely low sgh ofthat Instead ‘wesubjec everyone to an ekicton where if you succeed, you willbe best A DIFERENT KIND OF INTELUGENCE sited o bea colege professor And we evaluate evezyone along the Way scoring whether they met thit narow standard of succes. We should “Tote casual observer, four year-old Judy might seem a walllower amon) spend less ine raking chilien nd mere ine helping tem to deny thei hee move gregsious playmates, She hangs back fom the action playtime) natural competences an git, and cultivate thse, There are hued and staying on the margins of games eter than plunging nt the center. Bl) hundreds of ways to succeed, and nay, any diferent ables that will Judy is actually a keen observer of the social politics of her preschoal lp you get there™ ‘assoom,peships the most sophisticated of her playmates in er insight) anyone ses the knits of the od ways of thinking about neligence, ts ‘exo the des of ecing within the ober Gardner He points outta the por day ofthe TQ tests ogan cring World Her sophistication is not apparent unl Judy's teacher gathers the fd) Wal, wen two millon American men were sored out thigh ie fst mass E (anes, a Wind 3 PCOS Neta or soos ane pepe peel om the 1 ty vp by ew Tema, Wrsigi pus et ees fat Grier trey at poplar i aneo orn a a. Fees ete ayiscndoiert entirely When Sinan Dumb » {ol standard of 1Q tete—and agin by a batery deied to measure [Gardner spectrum of inligences, there was 90 sigafientselasonship esween chieren’s scores on the (wo txts? The five chikren with the highest Qs(from 1250138) showed vareyofproes on the ten suengths tne ofthe smarconesor no. The SAT tc for xlege admisonsis bused og eine by the Spectrum test For example othe five “smartest”

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