AWA_Psychology

[Psy_1]
1_ Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that
no speaker or reformer ever could.
(1) Identify key terms + define

Key terms Define Detail examples

1 Scandal Action/event legally or morally wrong Child sexual
Bad news abuse
Private life of
famous person
2 Useful Draw public attention
3 Speaker/reformer People who want to make positive effect
on society
(2) Opposite thesis
Speaker/reformer could draw attention in ways like scandal.
(or) Scandal are not useful though they draw attention
(3) Example and reasoning
FOR
Point Examples/Supporting ideas
1 Our brain is simply built A studies by Ohio State University psychologist
with a greater sensitivity John T. Cacioppo, Ph.D. has proved this. In
to unpleasant news. studies he has done, Cacioppo showed people
pictures known to arouse positive feelings (such as
a Ferrari or a pizza), those certain to stir up
negative feelings (like a mutilated face or dead
cat) and those known to produce neutral feelings
(a plate, a hair dryer). Meanwhile, he recorded
electrical activity of the brain's cerebral cortex that
reflects the magnitude of information processing
taking place. The brain, Cacioppo demonstrated,
reacts more strongly to stimuli it deems negative.
That is, there is a greater surge in electrical
activity. Thus, our attitudes are more heavily
influenced by downbeat news than good news.
2 Scandal has the #HOPE case #child sexual abuse
contagious characteristic In 2008 South Korea, an eight-year-old girl, who
that seems to easily was known by the alias Nayoung was brutally
foment public opinion. raped and beaten by a 58-year-old man in a
public bathroom, had lost 80 percent of her colon

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and genital organs. When this crime engendered

nationwide outrage that that nearly 400,000
citizens filled a petition asking that the man
served a maximum penalty and financially
compensate the damage caused, even president
Lee Myung-bak has entered the fray. The
nationwide outrage erupted after a Tuesday
current affairs show on KBS-TV featured the
girl’s case while dealing with sexual assaults on
children. Shocked by the savagery of a crime that
had not been disclosed before, citizens posted
details of the assault across cyberspace. They even
posted the offender’s name, photos and address,
though those have yet to be verified. In a single
day, more than 200,000 signed the seeking harsher
punishment against the offender. Furthermore, a
film call Hope, which was baased on Nayoung
case, was awarded the ‘Best film’ at Blue Dragon
Film Award in 2013 for breaking the silence
about child sexual abuse and evoking people to
action for child sexual abuse victims’ right.
Considering the Scandals make the public lost their temper and
opposing view then it goes too far
In some cases, they post their offender's name,
photos and adress though those have yet to
verified....

[Psy_2,17]
2_People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
17_People’s attitude is determined more by their immediate situation or
surroundings than by society as a whole.

(1) Identify key terms + define

Key terms Define Detail
examples
1 Behavior The way in which one acts or conducts
oneself, especially toward others.

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2 (Forces) not of their External forces Society

own making prejudice,
Group’s
attitude
Weather
Culture …

(2) Opposite thesis

People’s behavior is determined by our own making.
(3) Example and reasoning
FOR (what are those external forces)
FORCES Examples/Supporting ideas
1 People could be In Robber's cave experiment: It included 22 boys aged
educated to 11-12 who thought that they were going on summer
behave. camp at Robbers cave state park. The studywere divided
into 2 phases: in-group formation and competition stage.
The boys in their respective group were asked to bond
with each other, pursuing common goals that required
collaboration and cooperation from one another. In
competition stage: the experiments, who played the role
of camp instructors then introduced the two groups to
each other with the intention of pitting them against each
other, introducing conflict and hostility. In the fist
experiment, there was no evident conflict within the
groups because they knew they belonged to the same
team. The boys developed and established an attachment
to their groupmates. However, in the second experiment,
conflict indeed was present between two groups and they
refused to eat with each other. These experiments proved
the realistic conflict theory which explains how an
individual develops negative feelings of discrimination
and prejudice against others

2 Context has the #Good people behave bad. Stanford Prison

power to shape the Experiment
way we behave. The Stanford prison experiment: was a powerful
demonstration of how social context can shape
behaviors. Within two days, average people – randomly
assigned as prisoners or guards – began to engage in
behavior consistent with their roles. The experiment was

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short lived as the guards became so consumed by their

role that they began to engage in abusive behavior that
resulted in some cases of psychological trauma.
The phenomenon was that the context encouraged and
rewarded that sort of behavior, the evil kind of behavior.

Considering the There is case when people’s behavior is independent.

opposing view However, that is small case and the willingness is
powerful enough.

[Psy_3] The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative
ones.

Thesis: the best way to teach is to praise positive actions and punish negative
ones.
AGAINST:
Point Examples/Supporting ideas
1 Punishment is more (#operant conditioning)
likely to lead to a According to the father of behaviorism, Dr.
reduction in B.F.Skinner, punishment is the presentation of an
behavior. adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in the
behavior it follows. There are two kinds of punishment:
+ Positive punishment, sometimes referred to as
punishment by application, presents an unfavorable
event or outcome in order to weaken the response it
follows. Spanking for misbehavior is an example of
punishment by application.
+ negative punishment, also known as punishment by
removal, occurs when a favorable event or outcome is
removed after a behavior occurs. Taking away a child's
video game following misbehavior is an example of
negative punishment.
2 If we ignore
negative actions, a
person could
receive false
signals therefore
repetition appears.

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Considering the The consequences of behavior and how they ultimately

opposing view evolve behaviors, shape how you choose to behave in a
given situation. Praise positive actions is the effective
way to strengthen or increase. Skinner showed how
positive reinforcement worked by placing a hungry rat
in his Skinner box. The box contained a lever on the
side, and as the rat moved about the box, it would
accidentally knock the lever. Immediately it did so a
food pellet would drop into a container next to the lever.
The rats quickly learned to go straight to the lever after
a few times of being put in the box. The consequence of
receiving food if they pressed the lever ensured that
they would repeat the action again and again.
Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by
providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding.
For example, if your teacher gives you £5 each time you
complete your homework (i.e., a reward) you will be
more likely to repeat this behavior in the future, thus
strengthening the behavior of completing your
homework.
However, according to operant conditioning,
reinforcement is companied with punishment, not
ignorance.

[Psy_4]
As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but
more complex and mysterious.
AGAINST
Point Examples/Supporting ideas
1 The process of acquiring HIV : Each year, the U.S. government
knowledge in one area of spends billions of dollars to help people
research allows people to solve in the United States and countries around
the problem in the area, even in the world who are living with HIV/AIDS
various other areas but a cure has not yet been discovered for

5

2 Over the course of human history,
people have developed many
hypotheses and validated ideas
about the physical, biological,
psychological and social works.
Those ideals have enables
successive generations to achieve
an increasingly comprehensive
and reliable understanding of the
world.
Science Cannot Provide Complete
Answers to All Questions
AWA_Psychology
HIV . Antiretroviral treatment (also
known as antiretroviral therapy or ART)
are the drugs that treat HIV. Many
people living with HIV are taking
treatment and staying healthy as a result.
Current treatment for HIV is not a cure
for HIV, but it can keep HIV under
control very effectively. However ,
discoveries made in one area of research
often benefit the study and treatment of a
wide variety of human diseases. The fact
is that many new treatments for diseases
such as cancer, hepatitis, heart and kidney
disease, and osteoporosis have arisen
from research aimed at preventing,
diagnosing, and treating HIV/AIDS. This
research has also provided insights into
new ways of treating autoimmune
diseases and severe vision loss.
Isaac Newton established the three laws
of motions as well as the law of universal
gravitation in 1687.
+ The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration uses Newtonian
mechanics, for instance, in calculating
satellite trajectories.. Every Satellite Got
Into Space Thanks to Newton's Law of
Gravitation
There are many matters that cannot
usefully be examined in a scientific way.
There are, for instance, beliefs that—by
their very nature—cannot be proved or
disproved (such as the existence of
supernatural powers and beings, or the
true purposes of life)
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[Psy_10]
10_People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered
its consequences.
(1) Identify key terms + define

Key terms Define Detail examples

1 Risky full of Adventure sport
the possibility of danger, failure, or loss Financial investment
Survival TV shows

(2) Opposite thesis

People should undertake risky actions without considering its consequences.
(3) Example and reasoning
FOR
Point Examples/Supporting ideas
1 If people do not take the .
consequence of actions #netflix unbundled
into consideration before in the fall of 2011, Netflix announced it would
taking some risky actions, separate its streaming service from its home DVD
they can receive the high and game rental offering, renaming the latter
possibility of danger, product Owikster. It turned out to anger its
failure and loss customers, moving over 800,000 of them to jump
ship, even though earnings rose. Redd Hastings
and Co. learned a valuable lesson about taking
customers for granted.
Hongkong anti....

2 Careful consideration #training before survival games

may mitigate the level of + man, woman, wild: a cable television reality
risk. series which originally aired on the Discovery
Channel from July 2010 to January 2012. The
shows features former US Army Special Forces
survival expert Mykel Hawke, and his television
journalist, Ruth England, who has to survive for a
half-week with limited supplies in wild and
inhospitable locations around the world.

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+ the show focus: on Hawke teaching his wife

various survival skills such as starting fire
without the aid of modern implements like
matches and lighters, locating and treating
sources of water, and eating non-traditional forms
of food such as insects and wild plants. These
survival skills are needed by those who want to
experience wild life.

#survival skills as required subject in school

#risky management is paid attention
Considering the opposing However, some unprepared risky actions
view succeeded. Yet it is small number.
HP

[Psy_11,12,13,14,15]
11_people who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the
most critical of it.
For
1 People who engage themself The Bohr–Einstein debates were a
extremely deep in a specific area series of public disputes
or policy is the person who about quantum
spends the biggest amount of mechanics between Albert
time and enery to broaden their Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates
knowledge about the issue. As a are remembered because of their
result they become critical of it importance to the philosophy of
science.
Despite their differences of opinion
regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr
and Einstein had a mutual admiration
that was to last the rest of their lives.[2]
The debates represent one of the
highest points of scientific research in
the first half of the twentieth century
because it called attention to an
element of quantum theory, quantum

8

2 He is the father of genetics. Mendel,
Against
1 They may have a bias look of
what they commit to. Human are
all controlled by their personal
belief and attitude. When
someone deeply commit to
something, he/she must put
his/her love to it. When someone
love something too much, he
often exaggerates it.As a result
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AWA_Psychology
non-locality, which is central to our
modern understanding of the physical
world. The consensus view of
professional physicists has been that
Bohr proved victorious in his defense
of quantum theory, and definitively
established the fundamental
probabilistic character of quantum
measurement
tending the pea trees, as usual, realised
that the colour of the pea beans
whether green or yellow could be
predicted under some controlled
inaccuracy provided the parent's trees
were known. But the public was not
accepted his theory because it
remained some unsuitable points
which required more evidence to
justified Moreover, after several
experiments sedulously carried out, He
discovered some mistakes in his first
theory and he came to the conclusion
that the colour outcome in question
was result of the crossing of the
parents' features following some
determinative selection rules. Then
gene concept was born and proved to
be correct and useful through
nowadays
A former Iowa State University
scientist who altered blood samples
to make it appear he had achieved a
breakthrough toward a potential
vaccine against HIV was sentenced
on Wednesday to more than four
and a half years in prison for
making false statements in research
reports.
 AWA_Psychology

they can fake the results of their

research

12_we can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from
people whose views contradict our own.
Against
1 + Pay attention to controvert + the institution of marriage has
opinions encourages the traditionally been defined as being
development of society between a man and a woman.
+ marriage is for procreation and
should not be extended to same-sex
couples who could not have biological
children together.
+ Legalizing gay marriage could lead
down a ‘slippery slope’, giving people
in polygamous, incestuous, bestial and
other nontraditional relationships the
right to marry.
+ Homosexuality is immoral and
unnatural.
#after:
+ why many people consider that
homosexuality is taboo, LGBTQ
community and people supporting
them can show evidence to protect
their right
+ The American Psychiatric
Association and the American
Psychological Association have
suggested for many years now that
there is significant empirical evidence
supporting the claim that
homosexuality is a normal variant of
human sexual orientation as opposed to
a mental disorder
+denying some people the option to
marry is discriminatory and creates a
second class of citizens.
+ the concept of “traditional marriage”
has changed over time, and the

10

2 In the process of convincing
contradicting views allows
people to examine the value of
their theory
FOR
1 We can learn from people whose
views we share in the way that
they probably understand the
circumstances or problems that
we went through and views the
problems from the same
perspective and therefore we can
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AWA_Psychology
definition of marriage is now as the
definition of love.
+ marriage is an internationally
recognized human right and civil right
for all people.
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a
series of public disputes
about quantum
mechanics between Albert
Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates
are remembered because of their
importance to the philosophy of
science.
Despite their differences of opinion
regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr
and Einstein had a mutual admiration
that was to last the rest of their lives.[2]
The debates represent one of the
highest points of scientific research in
the first half of the twentieth century
because it called attention to an
element of quantum theory, quantum
non-locality, which is central to our
modern understanding of the physical
world. The consensus view of
professional physicists has been that
Bohr proved victorious in his defense
of quantum theory, and definitively
established the fundamental
probabilistic character of quantum
measurement
Pierre and Marie Curie are best known
for their pioneering work in the study of
radioactivity, which led to their
discovery in 1898 of the elements
radium and polonium.
She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in
Physics with her husband Pierre
 AWA_Psychology

achieve fundamental successes Curie

13_claim: we can usually learn much more from people whose views we share
than from those whose views contradict our own.
Reason: disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
Against reason
1 Disagreement can encourage Mendel
people to learn more and resolve He is the father of genetics. Mendel,
the problems tending the pea trees as usual, realiesed
that the collor of the pea beans whether
green or yellow could be predicted
under some controlled unaccuracy
provided the parents trees were known.
Moreover, after several experiments
sedulously carried out, he came to the
conclusion that the collor outcome in
question was result of the crossing of
the parents' features following some
determinative selection rules. Then
gene concept was born and proved to
be correct and useful through
nowadays
2 Against claim
In the process of convincing The Bohr–Einstein debates were a
contradicting views allows series of public disputes
people to examine the value of about quantum
their theory mechanics between Albert
Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates
are remembered because of their
importance to the philosophy of
science.
Despite their differences of opinion
regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr
and Einstein had a mutual admiration
that was to last the rest of their lives.[2]
The debates represent one of the
highest points of scientific research in
the first half of the twentieth century
because it called attention to an

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 AWA_Psychology

element of quantum theory, quantum

non-locality, which is central to our
modern understanding of the physical
world. The consensus view of
professional physicists has been that
Bohr proved victorious in his defense
of quantum theory, and definitively
established the fundamental
probabilistic character of quantum
measurement

14_claim: the best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an
opposing viewpoint.
Reason: only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting
views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.
Against reason
1

15_ the best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an
opposing viewpoint.

FOR: agree that argument evokes better understanding.

Examples/Supporting ideas
#argumentation before any decision of legalization/law of government
#legalize same sex marriage in US and other countries (Taiwan, Germany,
Finland, Australia ...)
#before = society’s prejudices:
+ the institution of marriage has traditionally been defined as being between a
man and a woman.
+ marriage is for procreation and should not be extended to same-sex couples
who could not have biological children together.
+ Legalizing gay marriage could lead down a ‘slippery slope’, giving people in
polygamous, incestuous, bestial and other nontraditional relationships the right to
marry.
+ Homosexuality is immoral and unnatural.
#after:
+denying some people the option to marry is discriminatory and creates a second
class of citizens.

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 AWA_Psychology

+ the concept of “traditional marriage” has changed over time, and the definition
of marriage is now as the definition of love.
+ marriage is an internationally recognized human right and civil right for all
people.
+ Marriage is not only for procreation, otherwise infertile couples or couples not
wishing to have children would be prevented from marrying.
 A growing number of governments around the world are considering to
grant legal recognition to same-sex marriage, for instances US government
as consider people’s needs.
 As a result of Campaign and argument between political parties.

[Psy_9,16,18]
9_many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while
seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.

Point Examples/Supporting ideas

1 The process of acquiring HIV : Each year, the U.S. government
knowledge in one area of spends billions of dollars to help people
research allows people to solve in the United States and countries around
the problem in the area, even in the world who are living with HIV/AIDS
various other areas but a cure has not yet been discovered for
HIV . Antiretroviral treatment (also
known as antiretroviral therapy or ART)
are the drugs that treat HIV. Many
people living with HIV are taking
treatment and staying healthy as a result.
Current treatment for HIV is not a cure
for HIV, but it can keep HIV under
control very effectively. However ,
discoveries made in one area of research
often benefit the study and treatment of a
wide variety of human diseases. The fact
is that many new treatments for diseases
such as cancer, hepatitis, heart and kidney

14
 AWA_Psychology

disease, and osteoporosis have arisen

from research aimed at preventing,
diagnosing, and treating HIV/AIDS. This
research has also provided insights into
new ways of treating autoimmune
diseases and severe vision loss.

2 Brilliant innovations often come Penicillin

to fruition by accident and have On returning to his lab after a month-long
holiday in 1928, Scottish doctor
nothing to do with their initial job
function Alexander Fleming discovered that a
culture of the bacteria Staphylococcus
aureus, which he had been experimenting
with, had been destroyed by a mould
growing in his Petri dishes. Fleming had
discovered the first antibiotic, which he
called penicillin. The drug has saved
countless lives and Alexander Fleming
was awarded the Nobel Prize for
medicine in 1945.
Science Cannot Provide Complete There are many matters that cannot
Answers to All Questions usefully be examined in a scientific way.
There are, for instance, beliefs that—by
their very nature—cannot be proved or
disproved (such as the existence of
supernatural powers and beings, or the
true purposes of life)

16. Claim:Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since

it may well be proven false in the future
Reason Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to
be inaccurate
For reason
As we continue to expand our LGBTQ
knowledge, factual information The study of the history of the LGBTQ

15

is everchanging.
Against claim
2 The inventions and hypotheses
of scientists are mistrusted to the
common perspectives and
understandings of their
contemporaries. These
controversial issues can only
substantiate popularly by
advances in technology of people
who lived after them
AWA_Psychology
community shows the change of the
american's attitude toward the community.
In the past: Homosexuality was considered
a taboo in most of the states. Although
Amerca is considered by a tolerant country
with regards to LGBTQ rights, they
continued to vary by discrimination on jobs
and housing is stilled illegal in many states.
But since 2015, all license and recognize
marriage between same-sex couples as a
result of the efforts of LGBT community
and people supporting the human right
- Origin of people in different religious
Charles Darwin: He provided the theory of
evolution by natural selection, first
formulated in Darwin's book " On the origin
of species". The idea did not go over well
with the public because this theory
contradicted believing in God.He actually
deserved great person but unfortunately he
called as a heretic who tried to ignore
religious belief. Years after his death,
Because of supporting by evidence from a
wide range of scientific disciplines,
including palaeontology, genetics and
developmental biology, evolution by natural
selection was justified and become one of
the best-substantiated
theories in the history of science
__> religion fall
Isaac Newton established the three laws of
motions as well as the law of universal
gravitation in 1687.
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 AWA_Psychology

+ The National Aeronautics and Space

Administration uses Newtonian
mechanics, for instance, in calculating
satellite trajectories.. Every Satellite Got
Into Space Thanks to Newton's Law of
Gravitation

18_the best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.

Examples/Supporting ideas (see more at page 74, GRE Analytical writing Test
Prep, book1)
#observing the changes of the star in the night sky being used for navigation
#man’s desire to fly like birds

For
1 Many masterpieces were Leonardo da Vinci
generated from commonplace His father appreciated his artistic talent
things through the passion of and apprenticed him at around age 15
authors to the noted sculptor and painter
Andrea del Verrocchio. For about a
decade, da Vinci refined his painting
and sculpting techniques and trained in
mechanical arts.Da Vinci derived his
inspiration from common things,. It
was the sheer compassion which
turned ordinary thoughts into wonders.
Story of the last supper was widely
known across the Christian
community, but it was the passion of
arts that propelled this popular story to
be painted in a way which stood way
form rest. The painting became one of
the most reproduced religious
paintings all of the time
2 By observing the normal Mendel
phenomenons that happen every He is the father of genetics. Mendel,

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 AWA_Psychology

day, scientists demonstrated tending the pea trees as usual, realiesed

various valuable hypotheses that the collor of the pea beans whether
which become central of science green or yellow could be predicted
under some controlled unaccuracy
provided the parents trees were known.
Moreover, after several experiments
sedulously carried out, he came to the
conclusion that the collor outcome in
question was result of the crossing of
the parents' features following some
determinative selection rules. Then
gene concept was born and proved to
be correct and useful through
nowadays
Against
Some inventions were discovered On returning to his lab after a month-
by accidents that rarely happen long holiday in 1928, Scottish doctor
and was nothing to do with the Alexander Fleming discovered that a
initial experiment culture of the bacteria Staphylococcus
aureus, which he had been
experimenting with, had been
destroyed by a mould
growing in his Petri dishes. Fleming
had discovered the first antibiotic,
which he called penicillin. The drug
has saved countless lives and
Alexander Fleming was awarded the
Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945.

[Psy_19,20]
19_Claim: imagination is a more valuable assess than experience.
Reason: people who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without
the constraints of established habits and attitudes.
20_in most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than
knowledge.
Knowledge > imagination
Point Examples/Supporting ideas
1 Being connoisseur does #famous artists around the world, who are
not mean that profound in their field yet flourish with their
imagination-free. imagination.

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 AWA_Psychology

Leonardo da Vinci
His father appreciated his artistic talent and
apprenticed him at around age 15 to the noted
sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio. For
about a decade, da Vinci refined his painting and
sculpting techniques and trained in mechanical
arts. With experiences he had owned and his
imagination, he created many famous works of
arts such as Mona Lisa which is the most famous
of his works and the last supper that is the most
reproduced religious painting of all time
2 Inadequate amount of #Motorola demonstrated the first handheld phone
experience makes in 1973. The brands vice-president Marty
imagination became null Cooper said: “Battery lifetime was 20 minutes,
and could cause the but that wasn’t really a big problem because you
higher chance of failure. couldn’t hold that phone up for that long.” Even
though Motorola kept producing various versions
of its cellphone, they failed to see that customers
wanted innovation in software rather than
hardware.

Clearly lacking market knowledge, Motorola’s

new products in the early 2000s weren’t enough
to grow the business. The products weren’t user-
friendly and Motorola completely missed the
movement to 3G. Essentially, Motorola didn’t
implement 21st-century communication to its
products, making it hard to compete with
smartphones on the market. On August 2011
Motorola was acquired by Google.
Considering the opposing Imagination does work, especially in art-related
view field. However, to flourish, any artists should be
assiduous.

[Psy_21,14]
24_in any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make
important contributions.
21_critical judgement of work in any given fields has little value unless it comes
from someone who is an expert in that field.
(3) Example and reasoning: connoisseur > fledgling

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 AWA_Psychology

Point Examples/Supporting ideas

1 Experts have #any famous person you know
profound knowledge Leonardo Da Vinci
in their field. Isaac Newton established the three laws of motions
as well as the law of universal gravitation in 1687.
What he said about his achievement is that only he
stands the shoulder of giants so he can see further.
2 Fledgling are lacking #start-up survival rates
experience.
+ a recent research by Small Biz Trends show that
about 90% of the new startups fail.

#Motorola: newbie in technology market

demonstrated the first handheld phone in 1973. The

brands vice-president Marty Cooper said: “Battery
lifetime was 20 minutes, but that wasn’t really a big
problem because you couldn’t hold that phone up for
that long.” Even though Motorola kept producing
various versions of its cellphone, they failed to see
that customers wanted innovation in software rather
than hardware.

Clearly lacking market knowledge, Motorola’s new

products in the early 2000s weren’t enough to grow
the business. The products weren’t user-friendly and
Motorola completely missed the movement to 3G.
Essentially, Motorola didn’t implement 21st-century
communication to its products, making it hard to
compete with smartphones on the market. On August
2011 Motorola was acquired by Google.

22_it is more harmful to compromise one’s own belief than to adhere to them.
(find it in GRE analytical writing book2, page 69)
Against

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 AWA_Psychology

1 Adhering to one's point of view can Adolph Hitler rose to power and
lead to a wrong commitment that is began to invade neighboring
against humanity countries in an effort to establish the
supremacy of the Aryan race. His
unshakable belief that those with
Aryan blood were superior to all
other races led to the murder other
groups including Jews, homosexuals
ans the mentally defective in
concentration camps. Hitler's beliefs
were so entrenched ans his rhetoric so
impassioned that he created a legion
of followers who carried out his
orders. His refusal to compromise his
beliefs led to his conquering many
countries in central Europe and
ultimately to his demise
2 Steadfastness regarding one's belief Russia introduced a wide ranging law
could prevent the development of banning gay propaganda to minors in
society 2013 as president Vladimir Putin
pursued an increasingly conservative
social agenda. Human rights groups
say the law has fuelled attacks on
homosexuals.
+ the institution of marriage has
traditionally been defined as being
between a man and a woman.
+ marriage is for procreation and
should not be extended to same-sex
couples who could not have
biological children together.
+ Legalizing gay marriage could lead
down a ‘slippery slope’, giving
people in polygamous, incestuous,
bestial and other nontraditional
relationships the right to marry.
+ Homosexuality is immoral and
unnatural.

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 AWA_Psychology

For
1 Adhering to one's belief is essential Martin Luther King compromised his
when attempting to flourish freedom
belief that all men, regardless of
color, were entitled to the same rights
and freedoms. When he spoke on the
steps of the Lincoln Memorial in
Washington DC, he did ntot proclain
that only some black men should be
treated with equality ot that only
members of some religions should be
treated with equality but that all
people should be granted the same
freedoms guaranteed in the
constitution.

8_if a goal is worthy then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.
(find it in GRE analytical writing book1, page 38)
Against
1 Some approaches taken to reach the Agriculture was developed to produce
goal can cause any trouble to other crops and livestock for human
fields consumption. As the human
population increases, the amount of
food produced is very important.
Unfortunately, there are many
organisms out there that want to
consume the crops that are meant for
humans. Pesticides are often used to
try to combat the problem. Over the
years, the widespread use of
pesticides has had several benefits to
increase food production but also
caused many problems. Pesticides
have also been shown to disrupt the
balance of an ecosystem. It is one of
the major factors which causes the
colony collapse disorder phenomenon

22
 AWA_Psychology

that occurs when the majority of

worker bees in a colony disappeared
and leave behind the queen and
immature bees. Yet for use pesticides
with a high proportion, the bees
colonies began to collapse in some
parts of South Asia, Europe and the
United States. If the endangered bees
can not sustain itself, it is to collapse
completely human society and the
ecological system.
2 The process is more valuable and Students need to know that what they
important than the goal learn from valuable life lessons
during the school years is more
important than their test score
If education evaluates student's
academic performance through the
standardized test score instead of the
process they study, teachers across
the nation already feeling the pressure
to abandon creativity and originality
and students will become robots in
the name of passing a single test on a
single day during school years
For
1 Scientists experiment on Doctor Barry Marshall drank some
themselves to demonstrate their bacterias called Helicobacter pylori to
theory even when processing the justify his diagnosis that these
experiment makes them face many bacteria cause ulcers and stomach
risks cancers. He not only demonstrated his
theory but also was awarded the
Nobel prize in physiology and
medicine

23_true success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for
oneself.
(find it in GRE analytical writing book2, page 75)
Against
1 The definition of success itself is Since people's perspective on career

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 AWA_Psychology

various from one to other and
controversial. Some people reckon
successful career as those who can
bring them wealth and reputation.
Some may prefer an occupation
which can make them feel fulfilled
and accomplished
2 the process that you do to achieve Albert Einstetin
your goals is more important and Marie Curie
valuable than your goals
if a person is not persistent in the
pursuit of his goals, the goals he
sets for himself would only remain
as mere imagination that will never
be transformed into success.
is such complex and diverse, letting
people measured your success based
on your goals does not make any
sense.
Maya Angelou was an accomplished
author, songwriter, director and civil
rights, activist. In 2010, president
Obama awarded Angelou the
Presidential Medal of Freedom. She
defines success: "Success is liking
yourself, liking what you do and
liking how you do it"

16_claim: any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since

it may well be proven false in the future.
Reason: much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to
be inaccurate.

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