H-3

Example H.1b W-shape Column Subjected to Combined Compression and

Bending Moment About Both Axes (braced frame)

Verify if an ASTM A992 W14×99 has sufficient available strength to support the axial forces and moments
listed below, obtained from a second order analysis that includes second-order effects. The unbraced length is
14 ft and the member has pinned ends. KLx = KLy = Lb = 14.0 ft

LRFD ASD
Pu = 400 kips Pa = 267 kips
Mux = 250 kip-ft Max = 167 kip-ft
Muy = 80.0 kip-ft May = 53.3 kip-ft

Solution:

Material Properties: Manual

ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Table 2-3

Take the available axial and flexural strengths from the Manual Tables

LRFD ASD
at KLy = 14.0 ft, at KLy = 14.0 ft, Manual
Pc = φcPn = 1130 kips Pc = Pn/Ωc= 751 kips Table 4-1

at Lb = 14.0 ft, at Lb = 14.0 ft, Manual

Mcx = φMnx = 642 kip-ft Mcx = Mnx /Ω = 428 kip-ft Table 3-10

Mcy = φMny = 311 kip-ft Mcy = Mny /Ω = 207 kip-ft Manual

Table 3-2
Pu 400 kips Pa 267 kips
= = 0.354 = = 0.356
φc Pn 1,130 kips Pn / Ωc 751 kips
Pu Pa
Since > 0.2, use Eqn. H1.1a Since > 0.2, use Eqn. H1.1a
φc Pn Pn / Ωc

Pr 8⎛M M ⎞ Pr 8⎛M M ⎞
+ ⎜ rx + ry ⎟ M 1.0 + ⎜ rx + ry ⎟ M 1.0
Pc ⎜
9 ⎝ M cx M cy ⎟⎠ Pc ⎜
9 ⎝ M cx M cy ⎟⎠ Eq. H1.1a

400 kips 8 ⎛ 250 kip-ft 80.0 kip-ft ⎞ 267 kips 8 ⎛ 167 kip-ft 53.3 kip-ft ⎞
+ ⎜ + ⎟ + ⎜ + ⎟
1130 kips 9 ⎝ 642 kip-ft 311 kip-ft ⎠ 751 kips 9 ⎝ 428 kip-ft 207 kip-ft ⎠
8 8
= 0.354 + ( 0.389 + 0.257 ) = 0.929 < 1.0 = 0.356 + ( 0.390 + 0.257 ) = 0.931 < 1.0
9 9
o.k. o.k.
 H-9

Example H.4 W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Compression and

Flexure

Given: Select an ASTM A992 W-shape with a 10 in. nominal depth to carry nominal axial compression
forces of 5 kips from dead load and 15 kips from live load. The unbraced length is 14 ft and the ends are
pinned. The member also has the following nominal required moment strengths, not including second-order
effects:

MxD = 15 kip-ft MxL = 45 kip-ft

MyD = 2 kip-ft MyL = 6 kip-ft

The member is not subject to sidesway.

Solution:

Material Properties:
ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi

Calculate the required strength, not considering second-order effects

LRFD ASD
Pu = 1.2(5.00 kips) + 1.6(15.0 kips) Pa = 5.00 kips + 15.0 kips
= 30.0 kips = 20.0 kips
Mux = 1.2(15.0 kip-ft) + 1.6(45.0 kip-ft) Max = 15.0 kip-ft + 45.0 kip-ft
= 90.0 kip-ft = 60.0 kip-ft
Muy = 1.2(2.00 kip-ft) + 1.6(6.00 kip-ft) May = 2.00 kip-ft + 6.00 kip-ft
= 12.0 kip-ft = 8.00 kip-ft

Try a W10×33

Geometric Properties:
W10×33 A = 9.71 in.2 Sx= 35.0 in.3 Zx = 38.8 in.3 Ix = 171 in.4 Manual
Sy= 9.20 in.3 Zy = 14.0 in.3 Iy = 36.6 in.4 Table 1-1
Lp = 6.85 ft Lr = 12.8 ft Table 3-1

Calculate the available axial strength

Commentary
For a pinned-pinned condition, K = 1.0. Table
C-C2.2
Since KLx = KLy = 14.0 ft and rx > ry, the y-y axis will govern.

LRFD ASD Manual

Pc = φcPn = 253 kips Pc = Pn/Ωc = 168 kips Table 4-1
 H-10

Calculate the required flexural strengths including second order amplification

Use “Amplified First-Order Elastic Analysis” procedure from Section C2.1b. Since the
member is not subject to sidesway, only P-δ amplifiers need to be added.

Cm
B1 = Eqn. C2-2
1 − αPr / Pe1

Cm = 1.0

X-X axis flexural magnifier

Pe1 =
π2 EI x
=
(
π2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 171in.4 ) = 1730 kips
Eqn. C2-5
( K1 Lx ) ( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )
2 2

LRFD ASD
α = 1.0 α = 1.6
1.0 1.0
B1 = = 1.02 B1 = = 1.02
1 − 1.0 ( 30.0 kips /1730 kips ) 1 − 1.6 ( 20.0 kips /1730 kips ) Eqn. C2-2

Mux = 1.02(90.0 kip-ft) = 91.8 kip-ft Max = 1.02(60.0 kip-ft) = 61.2 kip-ft

Y-Y axis flexural magnifier

Pe1 =
π2 EI y
=
(
π2 ( 29,000 ksi ) 36.6 in.4 ) = 371 kips Eqn. C2-5
( K1 Ly ) ( (1.0 )(14.0 ft )(12 in./ft ) )
2 2

LRFD ASD
α = 1.0 α = 1.6
1.0 1.0
B1 = = 1.09 B1 = = 1.09
1 − 1.0 ( 30.0 kips / 371kips ) 1 − 1.6 ( 20.0 kips / 371kips ) Eqn. C2-2

Muy = 1.09(12.0 kip-ft) = 13.1 kip-ft May = 1.09 (8.00 kip-ft) = 8.76 kip-ft

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the x-x axis

Yielding limit state

Mnx = Mp = FyZx = 50 ksi(38.8 in.3) = 1940 kip-in or 162 kip-ft Eqn. F2-1

Lateral-torsional buckling limit state

Since Lp < Lb < Lr, Equation F2-2 applies

From Manual Table 3-1, Cb = 1.14 Manual

Table 3-1
 H-11

⎡ ⎛ Lb - L p ⎞ ⎤
Mnx = Cb ⎢ M p - ( M p -0.7 Fy S x ) ⎜ ⎥ M Mp
⎜ L - L ⎟⎟ ⎥
Eqn. F2-2
⎢⎣ ⎝ r p ⎠⎦

⎡ ⎛ 14.0 ft - 6.85ft ⎞ ⎤
( (
Mnx = 1.14 ⎢1940 kip-in. - 1940 kip-in. - 0.7 ( 50 ksi ) 35.0 in.3 ⎜ )) ⎟⎥
⎝ 21.8 ft - 6.85ft ⎠ ⎦
⎣
= 1820 kip-in. M 1940 kip-in., therefore use:

Mnx = 1820 kip-in. or 152 kip-ft controls

Local buckling limit state

Per Manual Table 1-1, the member is compact for Fy = 50 ksi, so the local buckling limit state Manual
does not apply Table 1-1

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the y-y axis Section F6.2

Since a W10×33 has compact flanges, only the yielding limit state applies.

Mny = Mp = FyZy M 1.6FySy Eqn. F6-1

= 50 ksi(14.0 in.3) M 1.6(50 ksi)(9.20 in.3)
= 700 kip-in < 736 kip-in., therefore

Use Mny = 700 kip-in. or 58.3 kip-ft

LRFD ASD
φb = 0.90 Ωb = 1.67 Section F2
Mcx = φbMnx = 0.90(152 kip-ft) = 137 kip-ft Mcx = Mnx/Ωb = 152 kip-ft/1.67 = 91.0 kip-ft
Mcy = φbMny = 0.90(58.3 kip-ft) = 52.5 kip-ft Mcy = Mny/Ωb = 58.3 kip-ft/1.67 = 34.9 kip-ft

Check limit for Equation H1-1a

LRFD ASD
Pr P 30.0 kips Pr Pa 20.0 kips
= u = = 0.119, therefore, = = = 0.119, therefore Section H1.1
Pc φc Pn 253 kips Pc Pn / Ωc 168 kips
use Specification Equation H1.1b use Specification Equation H1.1b
Pr ⎛M M ⎞ Pr ⎛M M ⎞ Eqn. H1.1b
+ ⎜ rx + ry ⎟ M 1.0 + ⎜ rx + ry ⎟ M 1.0
2 Pc ⎜ M cy ⎟⎠ ⎜ M cy ⎟⎠
⎝ M cx 2 Pc ⎝ M cx
30.0 kips ⎛ 91.8 kip-ft 13.1 kip-ft ⎞ 20.0 kips ⎛ 61.2 kip-ft 8.76 kip-ft ⎞
+⎜ + ⎟ +⎜ + ⎟
2(253 kips) ⎝ 137 kip-ft 52.5 kip-ft ⎠ 2(168 kips) ⎝ 91.0 kip-ft 34.9 kip-ft ⎠

0.0593 + 0.920 = 0.979 M 1.0 o.k. 0.0595 + 0.924 = 0.983 M 1.0 o.k.