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GOÑY Tarea
GOÑY Tarea
DOCENTE:
Ecuaciones diferenciales
ALUMNO:
CICLO: III
24-09-19
HUACHO – LIMA
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS SEPARABLES:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦+2𝑦−𝑥−2
1. =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦−3𝑦+𝑥−3
Solución
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥𝑦−𝑥)+(2𝑦−2)
= (𝑥𝑦−3𝑦)+(𝑥−3) (𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥(𝑦−1)+2(𝑦−1)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑦(𝑥−3)+(𝑥−3)
𝑑𝑦 (𝑦−1)(𝑥+2)
= (𝑥−3)+(𝑦+1)
𝑑𝑥
(𝑦+1)𝑑𝑦 (𝑥+2)𝑑𝑥
= (𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠)
(𝑦−1)𝑑𝑥 (𝑥−3)
(𝑦+1)𝑑𝑦 (𝑥+2)𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
(𝑦−1) (𝑥−3)
(𝑦+1−1+1)𝑑𝑦 (𝑥+2+3−3)𝑑𝑥
∫ (𝑦−1)𝑑𝑥
=∫ (𝑥−3)
((𝑦−1)+2)𝑑𝑦 ((𝑥−3)+5)𝑑𝑥
∫ (𝑦−1)
=∫ (𝑥−3)
(𝑦−1) 2 (𝑥−3) 5
∫ ((𝑦−1) + (𝑦−1)) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( (𝑥−3) + )𝑑𝑥
𝑥−3
2 5
∫ (1 + (𝑦−1)) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠)
𝑥−3
2𝑑𝑦 5𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ (𝑦−1)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥−3
𝑦 + 2 ln(𝑦 − 1) = 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 − 3) + 𝑐
𝑦 + 2 ln(𝑦 − 1) − 𝑥 − 5 ln(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑐
(𝒚−𝟏)𝟐
𝒚 − 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐧 ((𝒙−𝟑)𝟓 ) = 𝒄
2. 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solución:
→ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ↔ 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑑𝑦 = −𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠)
𝑑𝑦 −𝑑𝑥 1 1
= (𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦 = )
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1 = 1
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦2
1 1
−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑑𝑦 = − ( 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + 𝑐)
2 4
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙 + 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐𝒙) − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚 = 𝒄
𝟐 𝟒
𝑑𝑦
4. . = (𝑥 + 1)2
𝑑𝑥
Solución:
𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)3
𝑦+1= +𝑐
3
(𝒙+𝟏)𝟑
𝒚= +𝒄
𝟑
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦+3𝑥−𝑦−3
4.- =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦−2𝑦+4𝑦−8
Solución:
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥𝑦−𝑦)+(3𝑥−3)
= (𝑥𝑦−2𝑦)+(4𝑦−8) (𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥−1)+3(𝑥−1)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑦−2)+4(𝑦−2)
𝑑𝑦 (𝑥−1)(𝑦+3)
= (𝑦−2)(𝑥+4)
𝑑𝑥
(𝑦−2)𝑑𝑦 (𝑥−1)𝑑𝑥
∫ (𝑦+3)
=∫ (𝑥+4)
(𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
(𝑦−2+3−3)𝑑𝑦 (𝑥−1+4−4)𝑑𝑥
∫ (𝑦+3)
=∫ (𝑥+4)
(𝑦−3) 5 (𝑥−4) 3
∫ ((𝑦+3) − 𝑦+3)𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ((𝑥+4) − 𝑥−4 ) 𝑑𝑥
5 3
∫ 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ 𝑦+3 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥−4 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 − 5 ln(𝑦 + 3) = 𝑥 − 3 ln(𝑥 + 4) + 𝑐
Solución:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+6
(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 + 6 ↔ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+1
𝑥+6
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑜𝑠)
𝑥+1
𝑥+1+5
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥+1
𝑥+1 5
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ( + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
5
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟓 𝑳𝒏|𝒙 + 𝟏| + 𝒄
𝑑𝑦
6.- .𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑦 + 𝑒 −2𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Solución:
𝟏
𝒚𝒆𝒚 − 𝒆𝒚 + 𝒆−𝒙 + 𝒆−𝟑𝒙 = 𝒄
𝟑
−𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2𝑦𝑑𝑦 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 (3𝑥)
−𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥
∫ 2𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 (3𝑥)
𝑦2 (cos(3𝑥))−2
2 +𝑐 =
2 3(1−3)
1
𝑦2 + 𝑐 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3𝑥) + 𝑐
−6
𝟏
𝒚𝟐 + 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝟑𝒙) = 𝒄
𝟔
𝑑𝑦
8.- = 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
Solución:
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
√1−𝑦 2
1
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) + 𝑐 = 2 𝑥 2 +c
𝟏
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄)
𝑑𝑦
9.- 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Solución:
𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 = 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 = 𝑦(1 − 𝑥) (𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 (1−𝑥)𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 (1−𝑥)𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐 = ∫ 𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫
𝑥
𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐 = −𝑥 −1 − 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
−1 −𝑙𝑛𝑥+𝑐
𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥
−1
𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑒 𝑐
1
−𝑥 1
𝑦=𝑒
𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥
1
−𝑥 1
𝑦= 𝑒 .
𝑥
𝟏
−
𝒆 𝒙
𝒚=
𝒙
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
10.- =
𝑑𝑥 1−2𝑦
Solución:
(1 − 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
(1−2𝑦)𝑑𝑦
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
(1−2𝑦)𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦.𝑑𝑦
∫ − 2∫ = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝒍𝒏𝒚 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄
𝑦.𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑦+1 𝑥−1
𝑦.𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫ (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝑦+1 𝑥−1
𝑦+1−1.𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝑦+1 𝑥−1
𝑦+1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ =∫
𝑦+1 𝑦+1 𝑥−1
𝑦 − ln(𝑦 + 1) = ln(𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐
12.- √1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solución:
√1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
=
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
∫ =∫
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑦 2
𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒚 + 𝒄
Remplazando se obtiene:
.𝑣 = 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 5
.𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
. = +1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
. −1=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazamos en la ecuación:
𝑑𝑣
− 1 = 𝑣2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= 𝑣2 + 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑣 2 +1
𝑑𝑣
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝑣 2 +1
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = tan(𝑥 + 𝑐) (𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣)
𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒄) − 𝒙 + 𝟓
𝑑𝑦 1
2.- = cos(𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3) −
𝑑𝑥 2
Solución:
Reemplazando se obtiene:
𝑣 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
=1+2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
−1=2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
−1 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=
2 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazando en la ecuación:
𝑑𝑣
−1 1
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 −
2 2
𝑑𝑣 1
− 1 = 2(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 − )
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣
− 1 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 − 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= 2𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣
𝑑𝑣
∫ = ∫ 2𝑑𝑥 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣. 𝑑𝑣 = 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
ln(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑣) = 2𝑥 + 𝑐
. 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣
𝐥𝐧(𝐬𝐞𝐜(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑) + 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑)) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄
𝑑𝑦 1
3.- =1+
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥−𝑦)2
Solución:
Reemplazando se obtiene:
𝑣 =𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
=1−
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=1−
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazando en la ecuación:
𝑑𝑣 1
=1+
𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
𝑑𝑣 1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 = −𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−𝑦)3
= −𝑥 + 𝑐 (𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣)
3
(𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟑 = −𝟑𝒙 + 𝒄
𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 −𝑥−𝑦
4.- =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
Reemplazando se obtiene:
𝑣 =𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
=1+
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Reemplazando en la ecuación
𝑑𝑣 𝑒2 −2
𝑑𝑥
− 1=
𝑣
𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠:
𝑣𝑒−2 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑣𝑒−2 𝑑𝑧 = ∫𝑑𝑥
Solución:
Reemplazando se obtiene
Sean 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥+𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazando en la ecuación:
𝑑𝑢 𝑢2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑢2 𝑥 2
𝑥+𝑢 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑢𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑢2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑢2 𝑥 2
𝑥+𝑢 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑢𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢 𝑢 + √1 + 𝑢2
𝑥+𝑢 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑢
Separando variables se obtiene:
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
=
√1 + 𝑢2 𝑥
𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫
√1 + 𝑢2 𝑥
𝑢 𝑢 1
∫ = ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = (1 + 𝑢2 )2 + 𝑐𝑡𝑒
√1 + 𝑢2 √1 + 𝑢2
1
𝐿𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 … (1 + 𝑢2 )2 = 𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑐
𝒚𝟐 𝟏
(𝟏 + 𝟐 )𝟐 = 𝑳𝒏|𝒙| + 𝒄
𝒙
𝑑𝑦
6.- = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 6
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (2𝑦 + 𝑦)2 − 6 *
𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑒𝑎: 𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
=2+
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazando se obtiene:
𝑑𝑦
− 2 = 𝑧2 − 6
𝑑𝑥
Separando variables, se obtiene:
𝑑𝑧
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑧2 − 4
𝑑𝑧
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑧2 − 4
𝑑𝑧
La anti derivada ∫ fue determinada en b)
𝑧 2 −4
Luego:
1 1
− 𝐿𝑛|𝑧 + 2| + 𝐿𝑛|𝑥 + 2| = 𝑥 + 𝑐
4 4
𝟏 𝟏
− 𝑳𝒏|𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟐| + 𝑳𝒏|𝒙 + 𝟐| = 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟒 𝟒
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦𝐿𝑛2 ( )
𝑥
7. = 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝐿𝑛2 ( )
𝑥
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥+𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazando en * se obtiene:
𝑢𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑥 + 𝑢𝑥𝐿𝑛2 ( )
𝑥+𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑢𝑥
𝑥𝐿𝑛2 ( )
𝑥
𝑑𝑢 1 + 𝑢𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢)
𝑥+𝑢 =
𝑑𝑥 𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥
𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) =
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) = ∫
𝑥
1
𝑈 = 𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) → 𝑑𝑈 = 2𝐿𝑛(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
𝑑𝑉 = 𝑑𝑢 → 𝑉 = 𝑢
1
∫ 𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) = 𝑢𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) − ∫ 𝑢 . 2𝐿𝑛(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
= 𝑢𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) − 2∫ 𝐿𝑛(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
1
𝑈 = 𝐿𝑛(𝑢) → 𝑑𝑈 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
𝑑𝑉 = 𝑑𝑢 → 𝑉 = 𝑢
1
∫ 𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) = 𝑢𝐿𝑛2 (𝑢) − 2(𝑢𝐿𝑛(𝑢) − ∫ 𝑢. 𝑑𝑢)
𝑢
2 (𝑢)
= 𝑢𝐿𝑛 − 2(𝑢𝐿𝑛(𝑢) − 𝑢) + 𝑐𝑡𝑒
Luego:
𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝐿𝑛 (𝑢) − 2 ( 𝐿𝑛 ( ) − ) = ln|𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
8.- , = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2
𝑑𝑥
𝑆𝑖 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 … tenemos:
𝑦 =𝑢−𝑥− 1
Reemplazamos:
𝑑𝑦
= ( 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
− 1 = 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑢2 + 1
𝑑𝑥
Separamos e integramos:
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑢2 + 1
𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝑢) = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 𝑥 + 𝑐
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 ) = 𝑇𝑎𝑛( 𝑥 + 𝑐)
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑇𝑎𝑛( 𝑥 + 𝑐) − 𝑥 − 1
𝑑𝑢
9.-. = 2 + √𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥
Cambio de variable
Si 𝑢 = 𝑦 − 2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑢 + 2𝑥
Reemplazando:
𝑑𝑢
= 2 + √𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
+ 2 = 2 + √𝑢 + 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 2 + √𝑢 + 3 − 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= √𝑢 + 3
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
√𝑢 + 3
1
∫ (𝑢 + 3)−2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 … . [𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜]
1
(𝑢 + 3)2
=𝑥+𝑐
1
2
1
2(𝑢 + 3)2 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
Si 𝑢 = 𝑦 − 2𝑥 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:
1
(2(𝑢 + 3)2 )2 = (𝑥 + 𝑐)2
(𝑥 + 𝑐)2
𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 3 =
4
(𝑥 + 𝑐)2
∴𝑦= + 2𝑥 − 3
4
𝑑𝑦
10.- = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
Solución
Cambio de variable:
𝑣 =𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
. =1+
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
. −1=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazando
𝑑𝑣
. − 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑣)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑣 + 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢. 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣
𝑑𝑣
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑣
1
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢. 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)𝑑𝑢
2
1
∫ (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢. 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2
1 1
𝑢 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 4
Reemplazamos la variable
𝟏 𝟏
(𝒙 + 𝒚) + 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚)) = 𝒙 + 𝒄
𝟐 𝟒
𝒅𝒚
11.- = (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝒅𝒙
Solución:
sustituimos:
𝑢 =𝑥+𝑦+1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
. =1+
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
.. −1=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazando:
𝑑𝑢
− 1 = 𝑢2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑢2 + 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢2 + 1. 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑢2 +1
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
𝑢2 +1
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑦
12.- = 1 √𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Solución:
Sustitución:
𝑣 =𝑦−𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
. = −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
. +1=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Reemplazamos:
𝑑𝑣
+ 1 = 1 + √𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= √𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
= 𝑑𝑥
√𝑣
𝑑𝑣
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠)
√𝑣
1
∫ 𝑣 −2 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑣2
1 =𝑥+𝑐
2
2 √𝑣 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 (𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣)
2 √𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
1. (𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑢
= 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 2𝑥 2 − 1
1
𝐿𝑛|𝑥| = − 𝐿𝑛|2𝑢2 − 1| + 𝐿𝑛|𝑐|
4
2𝑦 2
𝑥 4 ( 2 − 1) = 𝒄 → 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝟒 = 𝑪
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
2. (𝑥𝑆𝑒𝑛 ( ) − 𝑦𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( )) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑢 𝒚
= − 𝑑𝑢 → 𝐿𝑛|𝑥| = −𝑳𝒏|𝑺𝒆𝒏𝒖| + 𝑳𝒏|𝒄| → 𝒙𝑺𝒆𝒏
𝑥 𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝒙
=𝑐
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
3. 𝑥 = 𝑦𝐿𝑛 ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= → 𝐿𝑛|𝑢| = 𝑡
𝑢(𝐿𝑛𝑢 − 1) 𝑥
𝑦
𝐿𝑛|𝑡 − 1| = 𝐿𝑛|𝑢| → 𝐿𝑛 | | = 𝑥𝑐 + 1
𝑥
𝒚
𝒆𝒄𝒙+𝟏 = → 𝒙𝒆𝒄𝒙+𝟏 = 𝒚
𝒙
𝑑𝑦
4. 𝑥 − 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
=
√1 + 𝑣 2 𝑥
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒙𝟐
𝑑𝑦
5. (𝑥 + 𝑦) =𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 + 1
− = 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 𝑢2
𝒙 𝒙
𝑳𝒏𝒚 − = 𝒄 → 𝒆𝒄+𝒙 = 𝒚
𝒚
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
6. =𝑒 +
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
𝑢𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑢 = (𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑢)𝑑𝑥 → 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑥
𝒙
−
𝑳𝒏|𝒙| + 𝑳𝒏|𝒄| → −𝒆 𝒚 = 𝑳𝒏|𝒙𝒄|
𝑡 𝑡
7. 𝑒 (𝑦 − 𝑡)𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 (1 + 𝑒 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑢 + 1
𝑡 = 𝑢𝑦 → 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑢𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑢 → = 𝑢 → 𝑒𝑢 + 𝑢 = 𝑧
𝑦 𝑒 +𝑢
𝒕
𝐿𝑛|𝑦| = −𝑳𝒏|𝒆𝒖 + 𝒖| + 𝑳𝒏|𝒄| → 𝒚𝒆𝒚 + 𝒕 = 𝒄
𝑑𝑦
8. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑢2
= −( 3 ) 𝑑𝑢 → (𝑢3 + 1 = 𝑡)
𝑥 𝑢 +1
𝑦3 + 𝑥3 𝑦3 + 𝑥3
𝐿𝑛|𝑥| = −𝐿𝑛 | | + 𝐿𝑛|𝑐| → 𝐿𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐿𝑛 | |
𝑥3 𝑥3
= 𝐿𝑛|𝑐|
𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙𝟑
𝑥| | = 𝒄 → 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙𝟑 = 𝒄𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟑