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BS 1881 Part 201 86 PDF
BS 1881 Part 201 86 PDF
British Standard
Testing concrete
Part 201. Guide tc the use of nondestructive
methods of test for hardened concrete
Essais du b&on
Partie 201. Guide pour I’utilisation des mkthodes d’essai non destructifs sur le b&on durci
* In preparation.
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
Contents
Guide
Appendix
A Bibliography 21
Tables
1 Suitability of nondestructive test methods 5
2 Summary of principal test methods 6
1
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
C;IJI(J~. !;oc:lion on0
For the purposes of this Part of BS 1881, the definitions 1.3.4 Situations in which non-destructive testing may be
given in BS 2787 and BS 6100 : Part 6 apply, together valuable
with the following.
Nondestructive testing may be applied to both new and
1.2.1 non-dertructivr test. A test that does not impair tha existing structures. For new structures, the principal
Intended performance of the element or member under applications are likely to ba for quality control or resolution
investigation. of doubts about the quality of materials or construction.
1.2.2 location. A region of concrete that is being assessed Testing of existing structures will usually be related to an
and that, for practical purposes, is assumed to be of unlform assessment of structural lntegrlty or adaquacy. In either
quality. casa, a small number of tests on a large structure, for
example tests on a few cores, can be misleading, while
1.2.3 near-to-surface test. A test that measures some nondestructive testing is often a valuable indicator, either
property of the concrete near to, but below, the surface.
on its own or es a preliminary to some other form of
1.2.4 standard cube strength. The measured compressive testing.
strength of a cube made, cured and tested in accordance Nondestructive tests are useful for the following purposes:
with BS 1881 : Parts 108,111 and 116 respectively. (a) quality control of pretest units or construction
1.2.5 estimated in situ cube strength. The strength of in situ;
concrete at a location in a structural member estimated by (b) removing uncertainties about the acceptability of the
indirect means and expressed as the compressive strength materiel supplied owing to apparent non-compliance
of specimens of cubic shape. with specifications;
(c) confirming or negating doubt concerning the
workmanship involved in batching, mixing, placing,
1.3 Principal considerations compacting or curing of concrete;
(d) monitoring of strength development in relation to
1.3.1 Advantages of nondestructive testing
formwork removal, cessation of curing, pre-stressing,
Nondestructive testing offers significant advantages of load application or similar purposes;
speed, cost and lack of damage in comparison with test
(e) location and determination of the extent of cracks,
methods which require the removal of a sample for
voids, honeycombing end similar defects within a
subsequent examination. These factors will permit more
concrete structure;
t-ktt’nsive testing and thus enable an investigation to be
wider ranging with respect to the concrete structure under (1) dstermlnlng the poaltlon, qurntltlaa or condltlon of
~r~;lrnln;rtlon than would otherwise be possible. The reinforcament;
immediate avarlabrltty ot results may also be an impOrtWIt (g) determlnlng the concrrte uniformlty, possibly es a
advantage of this type of testing. preliminary to core cutting, load testing or other more
expansive or disruptive tests;
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
Section one
-c
(h) increasing the confidence level of a smaller number Visual inspection should also be regarded as an essential
of destructive tests; preliminary to the planning of a programme of testing since
(i) determining the extent of concrete variability in observation of features such as deflection, cracking and
order to help in the selection of sample locations colour may yield valuable information affecting the choice
representative of the quality to ba assessed; of methods and location of test points.
(j) confirming or locating suspected drtarlorrtlon of In rome lnrtanwr, calibration ir nrcoury to rrlatr thr
concrete resulting from such factors aa meawrrd valur8 or properth to thosa which are required,
The availability and reliability of such calibrations are thus
(1) overloading,
important.
(2) fatigue,
(3) external or internal chemical attack or change,
1.4.3.2 Choice of t@t method& The methods recommended
(4) fire,
in table 1 an llksly to be most suitable for the general
(5) explosion,
circumstences lndlcated. Practical limitations may preclude
(6) environmental effects;
the use of particular methods in some situations, while in
(k) assessing the potential durability of the concrete; other casas it may be appropriate or necessary to consider
(I) monitoring long term changes in concrete properties; the use of methods other than those recommended. For
-L (m) providing information for any proposed change of example, surface treatments, such as those to reduce
use of a structure, for insurance or for change of moisture permeability, or drcorrtivr coatings may prevent
ownership. the use of some methods. The principal features of the
methods, including their most important limitations and
most reliable applications, are described in section two
1.4 Planning an investigation and summarized in table 2.
The equipment required to perform the tests is easily
1.4.1 Reasons for testing portable in most cases, and all tests can be rapidly carried
The situations in which non-destructive testing may be out, although extensive preparation may sometimes be
useful have been indicated in 1.3.4, and the reasons for necessary.
testing should be clearly established before the details of Important considerations affecting the choice of test
a test programme are planned. These will establish the method include the following.
information that is required, e.g. strength, uniformity and
(a) Test locations, Some factors to be considered are:
density, and whether this should relate to the surface,
near to the surface, or to the body of a member. (1) the position within the member or structure;
(2) the variations of concrete properties through
1.4.2 Acceptance of test data depth of lift;
Before any programme commences, it is essential that there (3) the position of reinforcement;
is agreement between the interested parties on the validity (4) the presenca of local defects or influences,
of the proposed testing procedures, the criteria for e.g. surface carbonation;
acceptance and the appointment of a person and/or (5) the depth below the surface of the zone to which
laboratory to take responsibility for the testing and results apply.
interpretation of the results. (b) Effect of damagn. The choice of method may be
It is essential, despite the apparent simplicity of some test influenced bv:
methods, that testing is performed only by skilled (1) the effects of testing on the surface appearance
operators who are familiar with the methods and that the of the members;
interpretation of results is entrusted to a suitably
(2) the possibility of structural damage resulting
experienced engineer. from the testing of small section members.
(c) Siz# of ma&or. The size of the member may restrict
1.4.3 Selecting a test programme
the use of some test methods as a result of limitations
1.4.3.1 Genera/. The test programme will be determined on minimum edge distances, minimum or maximum
by the objectives of the investigation coupled with the thicknesses, or similar considerations.
suitability of the available methods in relation to the site
(d) Testing accw8cy required The testing accuracy
conditions and economic factors as outlined in 1.4.3.2
required will depend upon the purpose of the
to 1.4.3.5.
investigation. The level that can be achieved will depend
The objective may be to investigate the overall quality of on:
the fabric, in which instance a random choice of test
(1) the test method;
locations will be appropriate. Where the objective is to
investigate suspect material, the test locations will be (2) the number and location of measurements;
selected for this purpose and the test results will only apply (3) the accuracy and reliabilitv of available
to this suspect material. In both cases, a sufficient number calibrations.
of test locations should be chosen to establish a satisfactory In determining the necessary number of maasurements.
confidence level for the results. it should be remembered that an individual result
3
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
Section one
.Y -
relates only to the immediate test position and doas not 1.4.3.4 Site conditions. The principal sita conditions that
necessarily reflect the proparties of the concrete In should ba contldrrsd include:
general. (a) the geographic location and easa of transport of
1.4.3.3 Combination of methods. In some circumstances, test equipment;
the accuracy achieved may be improved by the use of two (b) the accessibility of test locations;
or more test methods. A combination of different test (c) the environment;
methods may be used for the following reasons. (d) the safety of personnel and the general public during
(a) The use of one method as a preliminary to another. testing.
The most common situations of this type are: i
1.4.3.5 Economic end social fbctold The test programme
(1) the location of reinforcement prior to core will be influenced by factors such as the value of the project
cutting or use of other nondestructive testing and costs arising from:
methods;
(a) delays in construction, or restriction on usage or
(2) the use of a nondestructive method to provide occupancy, while testing is conducted and decisions are
comparative data on concrete uniformity prior to made;
core cutting or use of other nondestructive methods
(b) remedial works that may be necessary;
involving greater expense or damage.
(c) the features of different test methods, including
(b) To obtain enhanced reliability of results on the
time, materials and equipment, temporafy works and
basis of:
making good;
(1) the confirmation of obsarved patterns of concrete
(d) the need to select an adequate number of tests for d
quality; an appropriate reliability of assessment;
(2) the correlation of combinations of measured values
(e) the need for a higher level of confidence in the
with a desired property.
assessment of structures where public safety is involved. d
Suitable combinations of methods are discussed in section
three.
J
111
4
BS lBB1: Part201 : 1986
Section one
Pull-out test
(cast-in insert) X X
Pull-out test
(drilled hole) X x .x X
Internal fracture X X X X
Break-off test X X
Pull-off test X X X
Penetration resistance X X X
Surface hardness X X X X
Sewed test X X X
Dynamic response x x X
Ultrasonic pulse
velocity measurement X X X X X X
Acoustic emission X X
Electromagnetic cover
measurement X X X
Rdar X X
Radiography X X
Radiometry X X X
Neutron moisture
measurement X X
Depth of carbonation X X X
Initial surface absorption X X
Surface permeability X
Rosistivity mrasunmrnts X X
Half-call potential
measuraments X
Strain mrasurrmrnts X X X X X
Thermography X X
Maturity measurements X
Resonant f raquoncy X .
6
Table 2. Summary of principal test methods
Pull-out taat 2.18 8s 1881 : Part 207’ Quality control Strength related Moderato/
(cut-in inaart) (in SiN stnngth~ minor
PUllM t a t 2.18 8s 1881 : Part M7’ In SiN Stmtgth Strength related Moderate/ Mechanical Drilling difficulties on vertical surfaces
fdrilled holo) maosuremmt minor or roffits, surface zone tnt
I I
lnarul fracture 2.17 8s 1881 : Put 207’ 1 n SiN SWmgth Strength related Moderate/ Mechanical High test variability.
mwsummont minor surface zone test
I
Brwkaff lost 2.20 8s 1881 : Part 107’ In Situ strength Flexural tensile Substantial/ Mechanical High test variability,
measurament strength moderate
I substantial damage I
Pull-offtaNl 2.19 BS 1881 : Part 207’ Direct tensile Moderate/ Mechanical Care needed with adhasfva,
strength minor I surface zone tast I
hntmticnlwktulm 2.21 Bs 1881 : Part 207. Indtustrangth Strength related Machanical 8pacific dibmtiom ractuirad, limits on
nrruranent I minimum roambar slse, swfacr ZorW test I
216 6S1881: Port102 Surface ha&tess Vwy minor Machanical Greatly &acted W surf- &&a end
moisture, autfaca mat unnpraaentathn
Bs4408 : Part 41 on concrate more than 3 months dd,
I strmgthdibmtlonoffwtalbymlxprooerdar
Electrod 2,
potontlJ o f “,
rdnforament f
I monit&lnff chamkal or
dactronic
I l In praparatlon. -
I /r I r I r r r r-. r I I
(I- c
Table 2 (continued)
6cmed test 2.18 (21) Quality control Surface Minor Mechanical Sand/cement screeds only. cannot be used
of screeds soundness if screed over soft material
Ultrasunic pub 2.13 BS 1881 : Part 203. Comparative Elastic modulus None Electronic Two opposite smooth faces preferably needed,
velocity mouuromont (supersedes surveys strength calibration affected by moisture and
8s 4408 : Part 5) mix properties, some surface staining possible
Acoustic rmiesion 2.23 (34) Monitoring Internal orack None Electronic Increasing load required, not fully deveioped
during load development for site use
testing
Dynamic maprmm 2.14 UO) Pile integrity Dynamic response None Mechanical/ Cannot yield bearing capacity
tachniquaa electronic
Elactrom~netk 2.2 8s 1881 : Part 204. Location of Presence of None Electro- Affected by magnetic aggregates and
ccnr mmaurommt (supersedes reinforcement embedded steel magnetic unreliable for congested steel
6S4408: Part 1)
Rular 2.12 (19) Location of Internal None Electronic Experience limited, procedures under
voids or interfaces development
reinforcement
~~MFew 2.6 0.S 1881 : Part 205’ Location of Relative None Radioactive Extensive safety precautions,
(rUWSd8S voids or density source or limit on member thickness
BS4498:Part3) reinforcement generator
Adiomotry 2.8 13) Quality control Density None Radioactive Safety precautions and limit on member
source or thickness for ‘direct’ method, ‘backscatter’
generator method is surface zone test
Nwtron moktun 2.7 (3) Comparative Moisture None Nuclear Surface zone test, calibration difficult
mnsurommt moisture content content
l In preparation.
r
Table 2 (concluded}
_ ..- -..---. ~__ -_._ --- ------------I
Method ClNlSS Principal reformco Principal Principal Surf8ca TYW of Remarks
number 8pplicrtions properties dun- 8quipm8nt
amssed
-
Depth of carbonation 2.22 (33) Ourabil ity Concrete Moderate/ Chemical Approximate indication of extent of
survey alkalinity minor carbonation
-
Resonant frequency 2.1 8S 1881 : Part 209’ Quality control Dynamic elastic None Electronic Specially cast specimen required
(supersedes modulus
ES 1881 : Part 5)
Strain measurements 2.24 8s 1881 : Part 206. Monitoring Changes in M&nor Optical/ Attachment and reading requires skill,
(supersedes movements strain mechanical/ can only indicate changes in strain
8s 4408 : Part 2) in structures electronic
’ In preparation.
I
L
BS1881:Part201:1996
Section two
L
Section two. Test methods
2.2.3 Limitations
21 Resonant frequency The effect of bar site is important if this is lass than 10 mm
NOTE. This method is currently described in BS 1681 : Part 5, or greater than 32 mm.
but will eventually be revised as ES 1881 : Part 209.
Calibrations are sansitive to steel type, bar diameter and
deformity, and aggregate and cement type, and have to
2.1.1 General take these factors into account. Most commercially
Measurement of the resonant frequency of a prismatic available equipment is calibrated for medium-sized mild
specimen and the determination of its density may be used steel round bars in ordinary Portland cement concrete.
to yield a value for the dynamic elastic modulus of the The range of the equipment is limited according to type,
concrete of which the specimen is formed. but care and experience in interpretation of data are
required in the following casas:
2.1.2 Advantages
(a) multiple bars, e.g. laps, transverse steel or doeely
This procedure is quick, does not damage the specimen in spaced parallel bars;
any way and is reliable. The influence of operator
(b) light wire mesh, buried nails or othar metals batween
technique is small and other testing errors are low.
tha reinforcing bars and the surf-;
2.1.3 Limitations (12) metal tie wiras;
This test has to be performed on a standard specimen of (d) aggregates with magnetic properties;
hardened concrete and is usually associated with laboratorv- (e) stability of calibration, which may ba particularly
cast samples. The method as described is not applicable to important in relation to tamparaturr changes within the
in situ usage. magnetic field;
ff) strav magnetic fields.
2.1.4 Principal application
The principal epplication Is to provide a valua of dynamic 2.2.4 Prlnalpd applkrtkna
UidStlc rnodulur ot concrete. i he test may also be valuable The principal application8 are the location of reinforcement
as a technique for monitoring changes of concrete and estimation of cover, orientation and, in some cases,
properties as a result of various influences during laboratory diameter of reinforcing bars. The technique is most reliable
investigations. A modified form of this test may be adapted for lightly rainforced mambars, and may be used for the
for site use. following:
(a) quality control checking, to ensure correct location
and cover of reinforcing bars;
22 Electromagnetic cover measurement (b) investigation of concrate rnambers for which records
NOTE. This method is currently describad in BS 4406 : Part 1,
are not available;
but will avrntuallv be rwisad as 68 1681 : Part 204. (c) location of ninforcernant as a preliminary to some
other form of tostlng in which ninfotwmmt should br
2.2.1 General avoided, e.g. taking cores, ultrasonic pulse velocity
Portable devices are available which are operated by measurement or near to surface mathods.
rechargeable or dry batteries and are based upon
measurement of the change of an electromagnetic field
caused by steel embedded in the concrete. Such equipment 2 3 Resistivitymeasurements ,
is calibrated to indicate the distance of the steel below the
surface, and in some cases may also indicate the diameters NOTE. This method Is discussad In rafarancas 4. 6 and 6 of
L
of reinforcing bars. When reinforcement is parallel to the eoprndix A.
surface, rotation of the search head will enable the
alignment of the bar to be identified. Non-calibrated metal 2.3.1 Generd
detectors are available which may detect metals (ferrous or The electrolytic rasistivity of concrete is known to be
L
non-ferrous) at depths outside the range of the above influenced by many factors induding moisture, salt content
equipment. and temperature, as well as mix propwtions and the
9
water/cement ratio. The presence of reinforcement may also measurements can be obtained batwoan two half-calls on
influence measurements. In situ measurements may be the concrete surface (6).
made using a Wenner four-probe technique in which four
dldt Ilthkh dlCr ~~1dl’Utl Ill d blldlU~ll IlllU 1)ll OI (II&t IlUlflw th, 2.4.2 Adurntrgr8
1.t111t ll!lV 4111 Itit tJ 111 r~t~lltll qMt.llt~‘, !\I1 Vltwll kdl I.111 IFjIll 1s
I he rrqul(lltislll I, rllrl&l a,td allabIal a11 alrtlclsl flUll
passed through the outer electrodes while the voltage drop
destructive survey to produce isopotential contour maps of
between the inner electrodes is measured. The apparent
the surface of a concrete member. Zones of varying degrees
resistivity of the concrete may be calculated from a
of corrosion risk may ba identified from thesa maps.
knowledge of the current, voltage drop and electrode
spacing. For practical purposes, the depth of the zone of
2.4.3 Limitations
concrete affecting the measurement may be taken as equal
to the electrode spacing. This method cannot indicate the actual corrosion rate.
It may require a small hole to be drilled to enable electrical
contact to be made with the reinforcement in the member
2.3.2 Advantages
under examination, and surface preparation may also be
This technique can provide a simple nondestructive required. It is important to recognize that the use and
indication of the electrical resistivity of the concrete at the interpretation of the results obtained from the test require
test location. This can be related, principally by experience, an experienced operator who will be aware of other
to the corrosion hazard of embedded reinforcement or limitations such as the effect of protective or decorative
other features of the concrete. coatings applied to the concrete.
10
1
k D8 1881:Pwtaol: 1esd
8aotlon two
-L
11
0SV331 :Part20\ : 1986
Section two
13
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
Section two
14
BS 1881 : Part201 : 1986
Section two
15
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
Section two
16
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
Section two
Inserts fixed into drilled holes may be used for the occurring approximately 5 mm below the surfam unless
following: partial coring is used.
(a) comparative surveys of in situ concrete;
(b) in situ strength estimation based on an appropriate 2.19.4 Principal applications
calibration. The principal applications are quality control, long term
monitoring and in situ strength assessment (particularly
of high alumina cement concrete and carbonated concrete
219 Pull-off test made with ordinary Portland cement using partial coring).
These all requim a ruiuMe correlation to be available.
NOTE 1. This method is discussed in references 28 end 29 of In some circumstances proof loads may be applied to a
appendix A and will eventually be. published in BS 1881 : Pan 207. serler of permanent probes. The method also provides a
useful fnaafn of tostlng mprirs to concfeta surfaces.
2.19.1 General
The pull-off test is a near-to-surface method in which a
circular steel disc is glued to the surface of the concrete 220 Break-off test
with an epoxy or polyester resin. The force required to
pull this from the surface, together with an attached layer NOTE. This method is discussed in references 30 and 31 of
of concrete, is measured. Simple mechanical hand-operated appendix A and will eventually be published in ES 1681 : Part 207.
loading equipment has been developed for this purpose.
Partial coring may be used, if necessav, to eliminate 2.20.1 Ganard
surface skin effects. The break-off test has been developad in Scandinavia and
NOTE 2. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is claimed that the determines directly the flexural tensile strength in a plane
pull-off test is the subject of British Patent No. 1549842, copies of parallel to the concrete surface at a specified distance below
which can be obtained from the Patent Office, 25 Southampton the surface. A 65 mm diameter core is effectively formed
Buildings, London WCZA 1AY. BSI takes no position as lo the within the concrete to a depth of 70 mm either by means
validity of the patent or whether it is still in force. The patent is
endorsed ‘licences of right’ under Section 46 of the Patents Act
of a disposable tubular form, which is cast into the concrete
1977, which states: and then removed, or by cutting. An enlarged slot is formed
‘(31 Where such an entry is made in respect of a patent - near to the surface into which a hydraulically-operated jack
(a) any person shall, at any time after the entry is made, with a load all is inserted to provide a transverse force to
be entitled as of right to a licence under the patent on such the top of the core. Measured values may be correlated to
terms as may be settled by agreement or, in default of agreement, strength tests on standard laboratory specimens; the most
by the Comptroller on the application of the proprietor of the reliable relationship is with flexural tests on prisms.
patent or the person requiring the licence’.
Licence details may be obtained from the registered proprietor of
the patent.
2.20.2 Advantagas
This method directly measures a strength-related property
2.19.2 Advantages and requires only one exposed surface. It is daimad to ba
This method directly measures a strength-related property, especially suitable for young concretes and is quicker than
requires only one exposed surfaca and is suitable for use on conventional core testing.
small-section members.
2.20.3 Limitations
2.19.3 Limitations This method will leave a sizable damage zone and will
Considerable care has to be given to surface preparation either require pre-planning or the use of core-cutting
prior to fixing the steel disc. Sufficient time has to be equipment. The test variability is high and it is recom-
allowed to enable the resin adhesive to cure prior to load mended that the mean of five tests should be used to
application. Results may ba correlated to strength represent the concrete at a given location. lnsuff icient
properties measured on standard specimens. Correlation evidence is available to permit guidance to be given on
with compressive strength is likely, however, to be the accuracy of in situ strength estimates obtained by
influenced by aggregate type and it will probably be this method.
necessary to derive a calibration with strength for a
particular type of concrete to be investigated. 220.4 Principd applications
Laboratory tests on concrete cubes indicate that an Principal applications are likely to be situations in whi&
accuracy of strength prediction, based on the mean of three the tensile strength of the concrete is of importance,
readings, of * 15 % is possible. However, there is as follows:
insufficient evidence available to enable detailed guidance (a) quality control of concrete pavements where results
to be given on the accuracy of the method under sita can be compamd with predetermined limits for
conditions, although a greater variability is to be expected. acceptance;
Localited surface damage will be caused, and test results (b) in situ strength assessment in situations where a
are limited to the surface zone of the concrete with fracture suitable correlation is available.
17
BS 1881 : Part201 : 1986
Section two
18
Bs1881:Put201:1ae6
SIctlontwa ’
2 2 4 S t r a i n m e a s u r e m e n t s “I .i
NOTE. This method is currently described In 6B 4408.: put 2,
but will eventually be revised as BS 1881 : Pw2M.
2.24.1 General
Useful deductions concerning the suitability of concrata
elements can be made by measuring strgin. Strain gpugas
can measure strain, or apparent strain, wsad by crack
propagation, thermal changes, etc. Thw w ona 01 ~FI
of the following to amplify and display thr wnt:
BS 1881 : Part 201 : 1986
Section three
20
BS 1881: Put 201:. lfta
Appemdix
Appendix
21
t53 ImI : rarr zul : 1Ytm
Appendix
33. ROBERTS, M.H. Carbonation of concrete made with 37. SAMAR IN, A. & OH I R, R.K. Determination of in situ
dense natural aggregates. Building Res Estabiidmmt, concrete strength: rapidly and confidently by non-
Information Paper IP6/8 1, 1981. destructive testing. In: ACI In dtu/n~
34. MLAKAR, P.F., WALKER, R.E.,SULLIVAN, 8.R.& testing of concmv, 6W2,77-64,1984.
CHIARITO, V.P. Acoustic emission behaviour of 38. TANIGAWA, Y., BABA, K. & HIROSHI, M.
concrete. In: ACI In situ/non-dertnrctive tvstiq of Estimation of concrete by combined nondestructive
concrete, SP-82, 619637, 1984. testing mrthod. In: ACI In rlrumorxkdnrcbiu tmting
35. PARSONS, T.J. & NAIK, T.R. Early age concrete of concrua, 6P-62,67-76 4.
strength determination by pull-out testing and 35. FACAOARU, I. Romanial: .evements in non-
maturity. in: ACI In situ/non-ktructiw Ming of destructive strength testing tit- concrete. in: ACI In situ/
concrete, SP-82,177-200.1984. non-dtmtiw tuting ofcovidtw, 6PB2,36-68,1984.
36. REYNOLDS, W.N. Measuring concrete quality 40. VASSIE, P. Reinforcement corrosion and durability of
nondestructively. In: hit. J. of Non-&srnrcriw concreta bridgrr.proC. I.C.E. Pur I, l-,76,713-723.
Testing, 1984,28, 1 l-14.
22
22
Publications referred to
0s 1981 Testing concrete
Part 5 Methods of tasting hardened concmte for other than strength
Part 108 Method for making test cubes from fresh concrete
Part 111 Method of normal curing of test specimens (20 ‘C method)
Part 116 Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cukr
Part 202 Recommendations for surfece hardness testing by rebound hemmer
Part 203’ Recommendations for the meesurement of velocity of ultreaonic pulses in concmte
Part 204’ Recommendations for the use of electromegnetic cover meeeuring dwiies
Part 205’ Recommendations for the rediogrephy of concrete
Part 206’ Recommendations for the determinetion of strein in cwmte
Part 207’ Recommendations for near to surface tests for concrete
Part 208’ Recommendations for the determination of initiel rurfece l baorptiort of concrete
Part 209’ Recommendations for the dynamic modulus of l leeticitv
0s 2707 Gfossarv of terms for concrete and reinforced concrete
0s 4408 Recommendations for nondestructive methods of test for concrete
Part 1 Electromagnetic cover meesuring devices
Part 2 Strain gauges for concrete investigetions
Part 5 Mrasurement of the velocity of ultresonic pulses in concmte
BS 6089 t Guide IO assessment of concmte strength in existing structurea
-1 BS 6100 Glossary of building and civil erqffneering terms
Part 6 Concrete and plater
NOTE. !%ee also bibliography in tgpendix A
l In preparatron.
t Referred to in the foreword only.
'
BS 1881: Part 201 : 1986
This Brltlsh Standard, having been prepared under the direction of Milton Keynes MK14 BLE. The number for telephone enquiries 1s
the Cement, Gypsum. Aggregates and Quarry Products Standards 0808 320033 and for telex 825777.
Commrttee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI Contract requirements
and comes Into effect on 28 February 1986. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary
zBr,rlsh Standards Instrtutron. 1886 provisions of a contract. Usets of British Standards are responwble
for their correct application.
lS8N 0 580 14767 3
Revision of British Standards
Brmsh Standards Institution
British Standards are revised, when necessary, by the issue arther
Incorporated by Royal Charter, BSI is the independent national
of amendments or of revised editions. It is imporsant that usus of
body for the preparation of British Standards. It is the UK member
British Stendamls should escertein tftp they are in poasea& of
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