range
(THAILAND) LTD.the K system
The Monogroup system was developped as early as
1968 by the FREYSSINET INTERNATIONAL Orga-
nization. The K Range described in this brochure
comprises the most recent improvements made to
this type of anchorage system to satisfy the most
demanding standards. It allows a very great variety
of prestiessing forces over a range up to 10,200 kN
at breaking load.
The Monogroup K system combines the method of
anchoring by individual jaws that has been proved
reliable by experiments on the single strands, with
the technique of simultaneous tensioning.
‘The work of quality control that FREYSSINET car-
rigs out at all stages of manufacture of anchorages:
meets the most severe specifications, particularly
those of the nuclear, offshore, liguified gas and
other industries.
FREYSSINET INTERNATIONAL has also developed
design and site quality assurance procedures in
conformity with the requirements of all the mejor
international control authorities and committees.
This combination offers the design engineer the
advantage of being able to select a number of
compact tendons of great or of low strength. These
tendons can be tensioned in one operation and are
suitable for all prestressed structures, for example,
nuclear reactor containment vessels for which very
big tendons are needed, or building floor siabs or
thin walls that only require units of low force.
ae
FREYSSINET INTERNATIONAL carried out in its
testing center and in official laboratories, a pro-
gram of exhaustive tests in order to demonstrate
the conformity of all the ‘K’ range anchorages with
the specifications laid down in the principal natio-
nal standards such as French regulations for appro-
val of prestressing processes, British Standards
BS 4447, A.C.I. code 301, etc.basic components
All anchorages are designed to the same
principles, varying only in size and num
bers of strands. Each consists of a mal
Jeabie cast iron (or tabricatec) guide
Incorporated in the structure which dis-
Iriputes the tendon force into the
concrete end block. On the guide sits the
anchorage block, into which the strancs
‘are anchored by means of three-piece
jaws, each locked Into tapered note.
To achieve the maximum static and
dynamic security in the tendon, each hole
Is drilled at its correct angle in relation
to the tendon pattorn and all kinks. and
‘unwanted deviations in tendons are avoi
de
The anchorage guide is provided with an
accurate and robust method of fixing and
aligning the tendon, as itis provided with
Substantial shulter fixing holes and, at
Its opposite end, a firm screw-type fixing
Jacking anchorages
for the sheath. In adaition it incorporates
4 large front-access grout injection point
which, by its careful Iransition design, 8
Blockage-free.
Couplers
[An economic rango of souplera has been
designed for simple assembly on site
The irat-stage tendon is stesesd and
anchored in the normal way, using stan
dard eculpment, and the dead-end of the
second tendon is assembled around it,
Using swaged sleeves on each strand te
afford. maximurn security. The coupler
assembly is enclosed in a conical casing
which has a grout access point for
Second stage grouting
Blind end anchorages
The normal anchorago can bo usod in
accessible dead-end positions, but for
situations whore the anchorages are to
{bo cast into the concroto, or are inaces:
sible, a range of Blind'end anchorages ie
provided.
Swaged enchorages are derived from the
jacking end anchorages and are provided
with swadged sleeves for positive ancho-
Fage of the strands embedded in the
concrete. They are used when the pre
‘Siressing force Is nesded immediately
bohind the anchorage in inaccessible
locations.
A more economical rango of bonded
‘anchorages can bo used, bul requires
‘more length to develop Its full prest
sing force.
‘A compromise between the above types
uses bend length and posilive anchoring
by swadged sleeves,
Tho K range jacks are centre-hole rams
of the hydraulic double-acting type witn
fixed cylinder and moving piston.
The attachment of the stranc to the jack
's performed by specially designed wide-
angle, multhuse jaws, which are sall-
releasing on completion of jacking,
The system of ramming the perma
anchorages Is by elther a retaining plate
‘or mechanical rubber springs. which
educe the scatter of anchorage pullin
values to a minimum.
A hydraulic ramming nosepiece is alter-
natively available.
An automatic strand gripping and
hydraulic ramming front pull model is
also available
3
K range jackssteel characteristics
The introduction of Super Strand repre-
sents a significant development for the
Prestressed Concrete industy. Ithas hig-
her breaking load than normal Strand
without sactificing any of the other
mechanical properties.
Higher strength strand means an initial
wving In material costs, and fewer
stands in a prestressed member rosult
ina further saving due to lower handling
costs.
Any prestossing steal. sttessed_ and
‘embedded in concrete loses a part of its
initial tension as time goes by, This loss,
known as "stress relaxation”, must of
‘course be taken into account in the des-
ign of prestressed structures. Any reduc-
tion in the amount of relaxation losses.
will substantially improve the
of the Read tandons,
Low relaxation" steels give a relaxation
loss not greater than 2.5 % (after 1,000
hours, at 20° Ci68"F), when Initially loa-
ded ai 70 % of specitied minimum brea
king strangth. Normal. stress rellaved
Steels exhibit, In comparison, losses of
around 7 %
Main characte:
waa] 125 | 98 ovo | 16 260 | 120
wo lone | ws | 99 ovo | 73 369 | v7 3a
vaeare | MPs}
standars ee os"- 115 15.2 139 1.090 232 52.2 197 44.3
Mea | ost-t1s | 15.2 139 1.090 246 55.3 209 47.0
tronom | 19 ae-ns| 129 | 100 o7es | 16 418 | 158 955
"ae678
sow | (zo [am-ne| 157 | 460 veo | 26s 506 | 225 506
French Standard 83-14 quater fase. 4
closely follows the Euronorm 1386-73,
British Standerd 8S 5895-1980 also for
lows the appropriate sections of Euro
norm 138-6-79,
= Standard grade contorms with Euro-
orm Standard grade 1770 MPa tor V2
and Standard grade 1670 MPa for 06”
Example of elongation curves
= Super grade conforms with Euronorm
Super Grade 1860 MPa for V2" Super
Grade 1170 MPa for 08".
Example of relaxation curvestendon forces
The K cango hao boon designed for use
Ih ll ensting gradoo of strand and In
Poricular those posseasing tho highest
Botormanco, charactorttics, "asch ab
fhoas”"compiying. with the’ Euranorm
Super Grad
Srv should of course refer tothe spocitic
fmunufaclurera, oheracteristies forthe
For all anchorage systems listed, indivi-
‘ual or groups of strands may be omitted
to optimise the system. However, it
should be borne in mind that tendons.
containing the maximum number of
strands possible for any particular
anchorage represent the most officiont
Use of that anchorage.
{ype of strands specified or used for any
particular structure: neminal breaking
Strength, eres-eections! araa, rolaxa
ton, ete:
Cable forces (kN)
EURONORM 1386/79 ASM. A 416/80
Grade 1770 Grade 1860 | Super grade 1860 | Grade 250 Kk Grade 270 K
voo% | 0% | 100% | 80% | 100% | 80% | 100% | 80% | 100% | 803%
riaa [oe | 1211 | 960 | 1302 | tos | 1121 | 807 | i286] 1020
1963 | 1574 | 2076 | 1661 | 2230 | 1786 | 1901 | 1537 | 2208 | 1764
311s | 2493 | 3207 | 2600 | 3534 2027 | a042 | 2494 | 3490| 2792
4aze | a5ae | 4871 | 3737 | sozz| sots | 4923 | s45e | 4960] 3568
6063 | 4854 | 6401 | 5121 | 6882 | 5508 | 5924 | 4730 | e797 | 5438
9020 | 7216 | 951 | 7612 | 10230] Brea | Bae | 70% | 10100] 8089
Grade 1670 Grade 1770 | Super grade 1770 | Grade 250K Grade 270 K
os | 742 | 984 | 7a7 | 1050| ess | 955 | 692 | 1043| 834
62a | 1200 | 1722 | 1378 | 155 | 1484 | 1514 | tart | 1895] 1260
27ea | 2207 | 2082 | 2362 | 3180 | 2544 | 2506 | 2077 | 3128| 2602
44s | 3526 | 4674 | 3709 | 503s | 4028 | 4110 | a2ee | 3953 | 3962
264 | 5011 | esa | 5314 | 7155 | 5724 | seo | 4672 | 7099] 5631
ase | seer | ate | 7202 | se0s | rasa | 8003 | aoe | oeas| rriz
Choice of jacks
UNIS _[K 100] K 200] K 350 | K 500 | K 700 [K 1000
7K1a 5
TEKS
19K 13
7 K3
STRIS
55K 13
TRB,
The jacks markad** ara sultable for the optimum
TRIS
TKS
13K
** Optimal choice
5
* Optional choice:
use with the anchorage units shown in the tabh
Furthermore each jack can be equipped to fit tho
unchorage units of smaller size marked*
ase it Ie necoseary to design tho anct
tocosses according to the size of the
use (see table page 9).jacking anchorages
‘Ta pean sae ig mae einer of uc |
Te cea TBR or of voted steel Th can =
Me eaten of tc of pantculat pe. | ’Pe A — with plate and trumpet
ae ccoetiygen erequreier tat
fhe work ine inty te withstand ow
tenporatute) or cay be of greater se
Weirditld'n Geecentee wile a hae tr
the tondon ard with fou holes or netohes
fer soeuing to te formers and also for
oarig Tis eopte: ood the prov
eaten’ protelten oop te compsted
Dr sueny srevete
made’ of stool pale or
Wwing it to bm secured against the bearing
plate
The beating plate and the trumpot are
bull in bevore conereting. The bearing
plata is eacuring to the formwork by bolts
Or threaded rods and secures the trumpet
cellar firmly against it, The sheath is it-
ted to the trumpet and waterproofing is.
Provided by adhesive tape ora heal- —— _|
The “Trumplate” is made of arki3a| 19K 15A| 65 | 65 | 97 | 218 | 352 | 930] 970 | 100 | 456
iron ands notened to allow it to be secu-
tad fo the formwork by screws, wasners j
ang nuts. Itprovides the functions of both | 37K 13A | 27K 15A | 75 | 78 | 117 | 252| 440 | 400 | 460 115 | «70
trumpet anc ofa bearing plate and may |
fave one or mote transtet Surtaces.
Jhearchor biock ise! ts circular andis | 86K 19A|97K154 | 70 | 95 | 143 | a20 | 440 | 495 | 495 | 125 | «a0
Giiiad with conical holes flu out on |
Gonventric citclos I is made of Carbén: All dimensions in milimeters
Stoel and may be heat treated.
The lawalwedgeo are mode of alloy otco!
wich Ig machined, case-haidened and :
Whpered to provide tne necessary our. | '¥Pe A’ — with trumplate
fave haranes
SIA NE tn te j =
The anchorage block with its jaws Is unt TYPE ki
mounted at the time of tensioning of the | efela}/nlilil|k
tendon.
|
~—___ixi
uittvre fate }el1}o]n)iflilk
7K 19 | 4K15A’ | 20| 50] 65| 79] 120] 190| 170 | 170 | 85
wkasa’] 7K 15 | 180] 55] 75] 91 | 140 | 258 | 220 | za5 | 90
eK 1aa'| 12k 15A'| 205 | 63] 90 | 106 | 162 | 300 | 260 | 260 | 95
arkisa’|i9K1s.a'| 400] 65 | 110 | 126 | 218 | ase | a5 | ais | 100
Ail dimensions tr millimetereblind end anchorages
When @ presiressing tendon can be ten ~
Sioned from one end only, a dead end | type B — with plate and trumpet
anchorage can be used at the other ond.
When the anchorage is
manually blooked typo A or A’
anchorage can be Used; tho anchoring
are driven in by sledgahammer.
" mterisioned end of the tandon is
not accessible during work of tensioning,
8 buried and fixed anchorage must bs
Provided and the tendon is then put in
108 before conereting
The end of gach stvand is provided with
‘a ewagod sloove that is fitted by 2 swa
ging Jack
When the preetressing force is needed
immediately behind the anchoring point,
anchorages B or B' are used, these are
Gerived {rom standard anchorages & or
A" When thie is nol 89, tis possible to
luse anchorages that are much more eco:
nomial
The strands are anchored by a combina:
tion of band over the free length and the TNT EE ale l@l[eltleltli Tels
land anchorage.
Intype NE anchorages, the ends of the [ 7K13.B'| 4K 18B'| 120| — | 51| 65| 79| 120) 170| 170 | 195) —
stands are unwound in the form of bulbs. [2K 49.8] 7K 186'| 10 | — | 88| 75] 91 ale
that can be laid out as a square or a [12K {
rectat “ TK 138/12 K 168 205] — | 63| 90] 106 170 | —
In type NE" anchorage, each strand is [27K 19.8'[19k 188'| 400] — | 65 | 110] 176 380 | =
fitted with a swagsd sieeve that bears on eee
a force distribution plate. The strandsare | 27K 138 | 19K 1968! — | 65 65 | 97 | — 240 | 485,
all held in place by springs or retaining [ a7K 138 | 27K 168] — | 75 78 | 117| — | 230 | 470
Piet 35K 136| 97K 158] — | 70) 95| 133] — 245 | 406
All dimensions in millimeters
type NE — with bonded strands
ab a
o>
=
J
y
ext ou Qh,
unavec| e [ t | o | m | t |[unrtve a[n]t
“713 ne] 370| 70 | 170 | 190 | 1280] | 4K 19 NE] 90 | 210 | 850
42K 13 NE| 360] 190 | 310 | 270 |1280|| 7 K 15 NE 210 | 20 | 1300,
19K 19 NE| 470] 190 | 310 | 390 [1280] |12 K 15 NE| 300 | 380 [1300
27K 13 NE| 670] 220 | 470 | 430 |1280| [19 K 15 NE| 70] 230 | 980 | 470 | 1300
37K 43 NE|_870] 310 | 570 | 430 | 1680] |27 K 15 NE| 10] 260 | 570 | 510 | 1700
'55 K 13 NE| 1170] 960 | 670 | 560 [1980] |37 K 15 NE] 1050] 370 | 690 | 510 [2000
Ril dimensione In millimeterscouplers
‘The first phase tendon employs the nor
mal anchoring elements.
‘The secand phase tendon is anchored by
‘swaged slaeves that bear on the coupling
piece.
4 casing Is placed over the whole assem-
phase anchorage. The flexible seal pla-
‘Ged between tHe two parts provides the
following functions:
= waterproating during concreting and
grouting,
Tipreveniion of transier of forces
through te casing when the coupling
zone is deformed under the tension of
the coupler.
The casing is terminated at the other end
by a trumpet that prorides connection
wth the second-phase tendon sheath.
head.
eas, th
type C’ — with trumplate
type C — with plate and trumpet
UNIT TYPE 2)>lel]‘]*|']1]'|™] pla
7Ki9C | 4K 1SC [190] — | 65| 79 | 190] 170, 170] — | so0]205| oo
wk isc] 7K 156 |180| — | 75| 91| 254 | 220) a36| — | 660/230] 78
19K 190 | 12K 15C | 205| — | 90] 106] 300] 260 | 250/ — | 690] 248) 93
jerk 196" | 19K 186" | 4001 — | 110] 126] s52 [316] a15] — | evo] axa] 110
a7 136 [19K 15¢ | — | @ | 97| — | 352/330 a70| 455/ 910/ 313/173.
= __[ereise | — | 75 [7] — | «40 | 400) 450] 470) 1010] 308] 133)
Ail dimensions in millimeters
The second phase tondon le connect
to the previous one by automatic single =
anes s sytem cl cetenn | type Cl — with plate and trumpet
Tinge ‘allows coupling strand by strand
wih no break in the continuous routing
O! the strands, In particular at the back
Of the jawo of the primary anchoring 80 a
}L
Type R junction device | type C’l — with trumplate
These are sirand.to-strand junction deve
are also called mobile couplers, UNIT TYPE ej¢djelt h i i ple t
Instalted betore tensioning of tendon, 7TKIZCI] 4K 1SCI| 50 | 65] 65] 79] 190 | 170 | 170 | 140 | 870! 835)
weKiser] = | 85 | 75| 75 | 91 | ase | 990 | 205 | vas [a20] 1175
=| PRIS] 85 | 75 205 | 159 | 920] 75
WK OI | TK ISG] 6 | 60 300 | 260 | 260 | 188 |1300| 1240
27K 1361] 19K 15C1] 65 | 110 352 [215 | 315 | 2aa [1950] 1270)
each, sirnd of the primary, tendon is | Fark igi [19K 1.1 | «6 [140] 07] — | see] m0] a70] 244 [1200] i270
cfine secondary tendon by an automate | [37K TSG [27 KBr [ re [rao] vw | — [ao | ao | ao | 278 | 1a] 100
single-strand coupler, similar to that used | [ss x 13.ci [a7 K 151 | 95 | 140] 14s | — | 40 | 495 | 495 | 356 [1610] 1500.
for tha Cl and Cl coupler
{All dimensions in millimeters:detailing and reinforcement
6
bro
als
216b,)
a
a
iF
‘The minimum distances between ancho-
ages "a" and the minimum distance "b
fom the nearest free edge are given for
B concrete strength leve's
The minimum spacing “a" must be
combined with a distance between a'>a
Inthe orthagonat ditection to provice for
tech anchorage a rectangular distribu:
tion ates that satisfies the conditions
aa'z 3b’
~
mil
The reinforcament of the anchorage
zones basically provides "bursting rein-
forcement”, and applies to structures
with misimum number of bars such
thatall the relnforcement in the end-diock
‘one, toa depth 20, corresponds to a
ftinmum steel percentage of 1 % ineacn
Girection perpendicular to the presties-
ng axis
‘This ype of reinforcement must be adap-
ted to particular cases whenever there is
‘a group of anchorages or a risk of crac-
the Doundary of the end-biock
independent small-size reintorce-
ment cages must then be replaced by
Continuous reinforcement of equivalent
‘rosesection. Endblock reiniorcement
‘must also meat the provisions of national All dimensions in millimeters
‘design coves.
9
Anchorage centers - edge clearences Recesses
unit TPE a}a}elo
TKS z20| — | — [70
Wek 13 270 — | — | 10
19K 13 300) = = [10
27K 19 370 420] 40 | 10
a7 K 13 90] 20 | 30
Ed 20 [30
Ail dimensione In millimeters
fok= sharactoritie breaking strength
er 20.
AO? 4 i
— |
——
ol-Lezsle
Lao
Local reinforcement
SPIRAL
UNIT TYPE Sole oda
7K13 200] 50 [300
2K 13 [12 [280] 50 [300
19K 19 | 14 [280 60 [360
2KS 6 | 16 | 440] 65 [380
aK 43 7 [18 [540] 70 [490
25K 13 [20 [eto] 70 [560stressing
Overall dimensions of jacks
| (anak TeRe untree Te [Te[@] 1 ]T]e]*]
| 100 [LK13|_ = [22 [ano] — [a 700 (20a) 22/195)
—_ [4K 15 [532 [z00| — [290] 700 200] 22/195)
7x 18 4 K 15 | 68 anole) 350) ao [2017520
x 200 [22K 13] — [a7 [zolaolaol eon [a0 rez0
177448 | 642 [2001220|260|aoo [230 175)200,
Toop RERIB TK 5 [2502700 90 7am)
19 K 19112 K 16] 747 260)270|140| 900 [270|175|250
am OK 19,12 K 1592828015 so0' sa
Bar K 19/19 K 15] 940 250°910|515 1000|510| 1601320
vero PK 13119 K 15 906 assez so en 5570
[ar K 19/27 K 16) 647 [260'3¢2|620|000[ 300
1009 (2K 19)27 K 15) {1012|2505co|720)1165|410) 124438)
a5 K 19137 K-15] 286 [230300720] 1000[«10| — | —|
KF 500 [27 K 19)10 K 16[1081/250'360|565) 410 [sa0)aas) 35a]
Ail aimensions in miimeters
Tensioning sequence
' += Placing
Front-pull jack Order in which jack and
facesosories are placed,
1.1 Front-pull jacks
aj anchor block with jaws
) bearing ring
¢} blocking plate
9} friction ring
9} strand positioning plate
‘jack
1.2 Rearpull jocks
{| anchor block with jawe
bj rubber springs (it used)
6} proceure plato
4) jack
9} rear anchor block with reusable
jaws
2.— Proparation for strossing
Fixing of strands to the tompora
anchor block by means of
re-usable jaws.
3 — Stressing
Pumping into the tenai
(P) to the pressure corres
te the required force in the cable.
3.1 Front-pull jacks
Hydraulic blocking ot anchorage
jaws.
32 Rearpull jacks
‘Tha rubber springs ensure that
Jaws block uniformly,
4 — Draining and removal of jack
‘Opening the tension circult
Pumping into the blocking/raturn
‘rout (R) to drain oil from the
tension chamber. Removal of jack
‘and accsescries,Stressing equipment
MAP 2V standard Hydraulic tensioning pumps
strand pusher ¢ Blectical motor driven hyde pumps
wo nyaraulic circuits controlled by
+ Two speed electric strand pusher eee or
1060 an 2.40 mis se soa ening steal
¢ Electrical motor 7608 000 rom blocking and ratuen elreult
+ Equipped for 13 of 15 mm strands: sd
+ flamote control P6M pump P7M pump
+ Flee strang guide + Output 25-4 min Cutout 0:8 min
‘Weight 600 kg + Maximum pressure 690 bare Maximum pressure 680 bars
S Wolght 240 kg s Tank capaelty 281
S Waight 65 ko
tensioning jacks Swaging jack
+ Hydraulle dauble-action centrahale jacks + Hydraulic swaging jack
+ Strands inclvidually anchored {Ete slonve for 18nd 18m
Strancs
K range jacks KF range jacks # Maximum pressure 700 bars
—tearend temporary anchor block — frontend temporary anchor block Extruding force 520 KN
—Gptional hydrauite blocking —hyaraulic blocking device In te S Walght &7 ka
nosepinca nose
Jacks characteristics
Masimum fore kN] 1120 | 2065 | 3065
“Tension cyl area ‘em’| 203.4 318 | +90
"Return ey. area com} 65.9) 732 | 4523
Maxirrum pressure bat] 50 | 625 | 600
Soke mm 200 | 250 | 250.
(Maximum diameter mn] ‘390 | 440 | 508
Length closed mm ‘402 | soo | 718
otal weight al poe |_s28 | 740.
All mensions 17 milimeters
4design data
‘The data submitted below complies with
the FiP-CEB code for conerete structures,
For more precise and more thorough
calculations, the reader should reter to
the Information bulletins tssued by tne
COMITE EURO-INTERNATIONAL” DU
ETON and their appendices or national
Gosign codes,
Determination of the final prestressing
force Ina tendon must aliow tor the
losses of tension resulting trom the
following factors:
= 08808 due to friction of tne tendon in
its cuct
— losses
aue to instantaneous
Getormation of the concrete during
a
non-simulianeous "tensioning
Several tendons (elastic oss)
— losses due to snchorage pullin
losses due to Gelerred concn
shrinkage
— l03508 due to concrete creep
Slosses due to relaxation of the
prestressing steel
In most cases, simply take losses at time
1, (start of tensioning) and to{long term).
Ih the particular case ot constuction with
parilalprestressing phases, consice
fatlon must be given to losses at a given
time ""t". Appendix (@) of the FIPCEB.
‘code gives instructions for calculation
1— Losses due to friction in duct
Ata pointon the tendon distance (x) from
the jacking anchorage, the stress in the
staal fe given by COOLEY’s law:
1, = stress at point of anchorage (=O)
«= friction coetficient of tendon in duct (in Radian”)
‘@ = Sum of angular deviations over the distance (x) (in Radian)
K = unwanted angle of deviation trom ine theoretical profile, expressed par
Unit of length (in Radian/metre)
XX = distance from anchorage to calculation point (in metre)
The following fs a table for 4 in the absence of information relating particu
larly to the project oF to th
egulations applicable:
VALUES OF v (n Ragan
aaa eed
pect | datas | aynoewed |” worcaed
— aes sre
[eerie | ovoreco | os
rongavarized | 9207/00 025 023
wongahanized To 1a y028 0” 020
seared | oe/aae 020 ox
wamaneed, | onaraze 078 016
rurg.areah | _oanrae 078
unbonded siancs | 0.09/0.07 0.05
Wobbie cositicient (Kk) basically depends on tho accuracy with which the theoretical prolile ig achived, the accuracy
their support and to the workmanship.
the rigidity of the ducts and to the simplicity of the tendon profi
(00% radim. This figura must be adapted to the diameter of the ducts, to the distance between
The average value of K
2— Losses due to instantaneous concrete deformation
‘A tendon that le already tensioned and
anchored in the conctrate is affacied by
tie shortening at the cenerete dud
te later tensioning of the other tendons.
Wt ie eitfcult to ealculate tha resulting
las of prestressing force which is slight
WWean be compared to a uniform loss
‘carrespending to the fraction (e-12n of
the tolal instantaneous deformation of
the conerate The following formulas give
the loss of stress in thy
1 = number of tensioning stagoe
eq = instantenous strain of concrete cue to the total prestressing forces:
E, = modulus of elasticity of steel — average js 195 x 107Pa
E,
‘of prestressing tendons (in Pascal)
when stressed (in Pascal)
instantenous longitudinal modulus o! elasticity of concret
@,, = permanent presiressing ‘orce in concrete estimated at centre of gravity
123 — Losses due to anchorage pull-in
During lock tf of strands into the ancho-
ages, tho jaws move an average cis. Ao,
tones ah shen fn Wee seiee Lee rt The loss of stress In the steel at the
“without —] wih A anchorage point after the pullin of Jawa
units sic s 7 ig given by the form.
Ti [7mm ‘mm an, ~ 20"?
Tis Sam Som a imum distance ot effect of the
0 1 the loss of elongation, the ‘maximum a 5
Stora in the tendor at the anchotage SIncnorage pullin ( metre)
drops from a, to 0. =. * *" € = anchorage pull-in (in me
Bebtorererde iction effects, he 12081 4, con bo asoumet in most canon that the Es = modulus of
Of lendon alfected by IRIs 1085 1s miedo iction is lingar. On this Pascal)
to the stance assuption, the formula below gives the Ao, = loss of
‘istance fat the distance x in Pascal)
4 — Losses due to creep and concrete shrinkage
111s aifieul to resotve this problem pre
cisely and in most cases, approximate [Characteristic stenatnot 6, | 12| 16 | 20 | 25 | 90| 35| 40 | 45 | so
eagtadiangetematon moduus. | 26 [27] 20 [20.5] 92 [20.5] 38 | 36 | ar
[U= permetorin contact with | humid almosphere aimaaphere
Etmospror ‘outa ovine
‘Ac =section of concrete (nm) |__(ra hum 7694) | (el. hum. 55 9)
rifle emension ate [anal | age [anal [ge
fof the structure | <02m | 508m | 02m | > dom
1 = Concrete sian ove to stvinkage [COEFFICIENT OF CREEP: —
GZ, = permanent compression stress in | age of concrete when
“* “concrete at centre of gravity of | loadad:
the prestressing tendons: young (3-7 days) a7 24 38 29
(in Pascal date (7-60 eays) 22 19 30 25
oettcient of creep Bld (> 60 days) 14 17 17 20,
Geterred longitudinal modulus of | SHRINKAGE: ¢.. [arma |TICSian | eal [mcs
deformation of concrate si | ace or concrete‘ tne te
28:doys tm Poseat ‘when effect of snkage
Is censieres:
young (1-7 98/5) oz | oz | os | os
haute (7-60 days) oz | o21 | ose | 030
51d 00 days) o%e | 920 | o19 | 026
5 — Losses due to steel relaxation
Relaxation is the loss of tension in highly:
tensioned. steel that is maintened at
constant length,
‘The suppliers gives figures for relaxation
of the strand (see page 4) after
‘ooo nours, for €0 Ye, 70"% and 60 % of
the characteristic breaking load.
tis possible 10 interpolate intermediate
tensioning values proportionally, with
‘acooptabie accuracy.
The table below gives 2 few average
figures. for relaxation of prestressing
mids alter 1000 hours".
Values of @
(ea TOT
ee ae
stabilized strands (0) 2145
13
{n order to take account of the Interac:
tHon of losses due fo shrinkage and crea
ff the concrete and relaxation of stecl, a
Feducing cootficient t's simply applied 10
the loss duo to relaxation aldre.
‘The following, in simpli form, inai-
ates the 1098 of sires In the Stach
Os, = effective 1088 due to relaxation
(in Pascal)
9, = inttisl tension of prestressing
ndans at the relevant point
(in Pascal)
@ = nominal relaxation (%)
Ag,.., = stress losses dus to creep and
shrinkage already calculated
(in Pascal)
{t{s possibie to approach the problem of
interaction between shrinkage, creep and
relaxation mere precisely. The reader may
fefer to the appendix of the FIPICEB.
‘Code, Dut the above simpittiea formula
Ison the sate side
‘The loss at time (1) greater than 1000
howe ean be caleulated trom the
om: (aa)
ing precise information.
bo,
B= 020,AFRICA
EGYPT
reyivet tore
Te: 202) 2036995 /
Teton: 0.2 3488297
‘SOUTH AFRICA
Tela: 2-11) 316
AMERICA
‘ARGENTINA
roy 5.8
Tas 541) 3949770
Teotan(54.1)3982213
BRAZIL
STUP- Freyssne ta
Ta 9.20 sertese
Tela (35 21) 0087
CANADA,
repaint mide
Montes
Teh 814 garoree
Totnes (1518) neso052
COLOMBIA
STUP de Celombia
DBogeta
Ta 71) 2674103 /
294706
Teta (57.1 6100099
EL SALVADOR
SSI, 5.A de CV.
La Lbertad
Te: 502) 278:0755270-4608
Teton (509) 278-0445,
GUATEMALA,
Prsforaodos Teneo, S.A
Gaatsraia
Ta: 2) 202081
Telex: (502) 282481
MEXICO
Frenne de Mexico
Side
Maxi0 0.
Te: 25) 2807000
Teas (52.5 2550165
PERU
STUP del Perv.
Lima
Td 1.9 asnans2
Teta (5.1) 48971
UNITED STATES
CS Spmil Structures, Ine.
Mansssie
“a (7084 92000
Teota (1708) 3698000
ASIA
HONG KONG
Freystine! Hong Kong i
Konloon Tong. Kowloon
Tet ase) 2roen9ee
Toten: os) a303264
reppin Conran Asie
wancnal- Hong Hong,
Tel ese) 24360099
otra: 82) 28380211
INDIA
the Fraysioe Prestressed
Concrete co, Usd
sonay
Tot (22) 49011207
aaz1141
Toletas: 92.22) 4936218
INDONESIA
PT feysin! Toto echnolegy
Janart
Tel: (2.21) 090-0019 /
90-0222
Telefax = 62.20) 810.9881
JAPAN
XK Kyolute Kogen Concrete
Shinke Co, Und
Telyo
Tel 61.2) 2571-8551-4
Tele 1813) 3574-0710
KOREA (South)
Frese Korea Co, L
Seoul
Tak: 2.0 s1s4862
4169/4104
Tolar 22) 8154185
KUWAIT
Tel: 665) 5635088
Toute 65) Sessa
Beyrouth
Tet: (6611) 400818
Tota 961.1 822620
MALAYSIA
Freyssine SC Ml Sdn the
Kala Lamp
Tet: 60:9 7828560
Tottax 0.9) 7815850
PAKISTAN
Feeyatne Pakinon
co. (Pa) id
Tat: 229) 271000-2
Telefax: 02.2 2050460
PHILIPPINES:
Trey! Philp In
Tat (2 ossanerss76ra1
Teles: 69.2) 6559170,
‘SAUDI ARABIA
Riyadh
Tot (B56) seo
“lean: 66.1) 4690862
SINGAPORE
PSC Freya (5) Pe Led
Sionopore
Tot (65) 2700607
Tlatax: 5) 2729800
TAIWAN,
“el (0862) r470277
Tella: 8062) Teo8058
‘THAILAND
Fraysunat (Thailand) 44
Bangkok
Tol: (662) 2686088 -90
Teletax (68.2) 2808091
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
°.
ve gt.) ses
Tolan: 7.4) 270604
VIETNAM
Freyssinet Iervationa et Ge
Tot: 4 wz616
Tolan: (64.4) 261718
{reyssine! Inereaional e Ge
He Chi Minh ie
Tol (4.8) 8295228 / 8293100
Tella (248) 8229808
OCEANIA
AUSTRALIA
‘sires Freyssnet Phy Ud
Syeey
ToL: 61.2) 967 aa0ea
“Toedax: (612) 96745967
EUROPE
BELGIUM
EINE m
Vivcorde
‘e-(922) 2520740
Tat 2.2) 2520049
DENMARK
NS Skendinoria
Speendeton
T4542 aouzs
Toot 4542) 401249
FINLAND
(OF donaibetont AB
“el 5m 90844559
FRANCE
Freyssinet international et Ca
‘vetey
Tet G9 194698915
Telefax: 6) a40RTETE
‘Freysinet France Nord
Coieres
Ye: (09) 130198199
Telok) 130618507
Freyssinet Fronce Sud
imines
Tel: (9 442227200
Teltan: (53) 442327216
Pe
71400 Saint Ray
Tet 9 385071515
Taote: (9) 908421510
GERMANY
SH Beehatachnic Gb
Sei e079) 908060
Toon: 0.71) S060068
GREAT BRITAIN,
PSC epee! Ud
Tak (e4. 708) espaae
wlan: (43.789) 685470
HUNGARY
anoon Foy
“er 1861) 1600804
elton: (0-9 2081510
ITALY
Feeyiseat well
ESAT Spa.
“el: 386) 6a80z922
“Telli: (980) 6873998
Teena tr.
Mian
Tet (99.2) 48 0056681 S94
Telefax: 0-2) 4817181
MACEDONIA
Mel
Shope
“al Foletax: (89.99 73668
a
NETHERLANDS:
Vindsineveen
Feb 1 250m
aot (01-10) 2600152
NORWAY
1S Skondinevise
Epercboteng
‘Share
Ta 477 S107
POLAND,
Fraystnat ternational & Ce
Vorsew
Ta: a aaa06e
Telex 40.22) «30000
PORTUGAL
Armolreysinet
Tek: 1.1) 7184090,
Telefax (851.1) 7164051,
RUMANIA
Freyrom 5A.
Tek: 0.) zenzecerz203980
Tetras (401) 2200581
‘SPAN
Froyasine 5.8,
Tel: 4) s5s9087
Teta: (3.1) 559080»
596 2278
SWEDEN
AL Skordinavisk
‘Spoennbeteng|
Maine
Tel: 48.49 981 400
SWITZERLAND
Freysinet SA.
Moucon
Te:: 4121) 9054602
Teton (4.21) 9051101,
TURKEY
Freysos
‘Ntunz0d0 etal
Te:: 90216 s4czz02
32545
Toetax (00.216) se00086Freyssinet
15h Floor, Sethiwan Tower, 139 Pan Road, Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand. Tel : (66 2) 2666088-90 Fax : (66 2) 2666091