Design of Septic Tank

From the Table 4-2: Quantity of Sewage Flow in Plumbing Design and Estimate by Max

B. Fajardo Jr.

60 gallons per day per person – for Multiple Family dwellings (Apartment)

Assuming total number of person in the building:

6 units (A) = (max. of 5 person per unit) = (6)(5) = 30

We adjust the number of occupants and added two more for visitor.

Therefore, Total Number of Occupants= 30 persons

Solving for the capacity of septic tank ; V = 1.125 + 0.75Q

𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠
Where :Q = daily sewage flow in gallons = 60 (30 person) = 1800 gallons
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛

Thus, V = 1.125 + 0.75 (1800 gal) = 1351.125 gallons

1𝑚3
By conversion : (1m3 = 264 gallons) ; V = 1441.125 gallons ( 264 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠 ) = 5.45 m3

Assumed Dimension : Max. depth and Width of Septic Tank = 1.50 m

Find the Length of the Septic Tank

𝑉 5.45𝑚3
V = ( L )( W )( H ) ; L = = = 2.42 m
𝑊(𝐻) 1.5𝑚(1.5𝑚)

Adding L/2 for the Length of the leading well

𝐿 2.42𝑚
LTOTAL = L + 2 = 2.42m + = 3.63 say 4 m
2

Final Dimension of the Septic Tank :

Depth = 1.50 m Width = 1.50 m Length = 4 m

 Design of Top cover

Specification:

fy = 276 MPa Wc = 23.54 KN⁄m2

fc ′ = 20.7 MPa Floor Live Load = 2.4 KN⁄m2

Compute the Minimum Thickness for simply supported

L fy 2400mm 276MPa
t = 20 [0.4 + 700] = [0.4 + ] = 95.31 mm say 100mm
20 700

Computation of loads ;

Dead load (WDL) : WDL = (Unit Wt. of Concrete)(1m)(t)(23.54 KN⁄m3 )(1m)(0.1m)

WDL = 2.354 KN⁄m

Live load (WLL) ∶ WLL = (LiveLoad)(1m) = (2.4 KN⁄m2 )(1m) = 2.4 KN⁄m

Ultimate load (WU)

Wu = 1.4(WLL) + 1.2(WDL) = 1.4(2.4 KN/m) + 1.2(2.354KN/m) = 6.185 KN/m

Wu L² 6.185kN/m (2.4m)²
Ultimate Moment : Mu = = = 4.45 kN-m
8 8

Assume Concrete cover = 20mm ; Using ɸBAR = 12mm

1
d = t − cover − (ɸBAR ) = 100mm − 20mm − 6mm = 74mm
2

Design of Reinforcement

Mu (4.45x106 )N. mm
R𝑛 = = = 0.903 MPa
ɸbd2 (0.90)(1000mm)(74𝑚𝑚)2

0.85 fc′ 2Rn 0.85(20.7 MPa) 2(0.903 MPa)

ρ = (1 − √1 − 0.85 f′c ) (1 − √1 − 0.85(20.7 MPa) = 0.00332
fy 276 MPa

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.00507 ; ρ < ρmin = thus use ρmin
fy 276

Area of steel (AS) ; AS = ρmin bd = 0.00507(1000mm)(74mm) = 375.18mm2

 π
Required no. of bars (N) ϕBAR = 12mm ; Ab = 4 (12mm)2 = 113.10mm2

AS 375.18mm2
N = = 113.10mm2 = 3.317 say 4pcs
Ab

Ab 113.10mm2
Spacing of bars (S) ; S = (1000mm) = (1000mm)
AS 375.18mm2

= 301.46mm say 300mm (adopt 200mm)

Maximum spacing required by the Code:

a. 3h = 3 (100mm) = 300mm b. Least bar spacing = 450mm

Therefore use 4-12mm ∅ spaced @ 200mm O.C

π
For temperature bars : ϕBAR = 10mm ; Ab = 4 (10mm)2 = 78.54mm2

The area of steel (As)

AS = 0.0020bh = 0.002(1000mm)(100mm) = 200mm2 = 200mm2

AS 200mm2
Required no. of bars (N) ; N = = = 2.546 say 3pcs.
Ab 78.54mm2

Ab 78.54mm2
Spacing of bars : S = (1000mm) = (1000mm)
AS 200mm2

S = 392.70mm say 350mm. (but adopt 250mm)

Maximum spacing required by the Code:

a. 3h = 3 (100mm) = 300mm

b. Least bar spacing = 450mm

Therefore use 3-10mm ∅ spaced @ 250mm O.C