SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

AT

PVG’s COET, PUNE-09

ACADEMIC YEAR 2017-18

Titled

“EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINE”

Submitted By

ASHISH H. THIGALE

Roll No. 5580 (BATCH T4-B)

UNIVERSITY EXAM NO: T150070936

Under the guidance of

Prof. V.S. Joshi

Submitted to

UNIVERSITY OF PUNE

1
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

PUNE-411 009

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the SEMINAR titled

“EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINE”

Has been completed in the academic year 2017-2018 by

ASHISH H. THIGALE

Roll No. 5580 (T.E Mechanical-B)

University Examination no: T150070936

In partial fulfillment of the Bachelor Degree in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

As prescribed by the SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

Date :

Place: PUNE

Guide: Prof V.S. JOSHI.

Head of Mechanical Dept.: Prof. Dr. S.V.GAWALI

2
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my pleasure to present this seminar on EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON TWO STROKE

PETROL ENGINE towards partial fulfillment of TE (MECHANICAL) course of University of Pune.

I convey my sincere thanks and regards to Prof. V. S. JOSHI for his expert guidance and experience in during
preparation of the seminar.

I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. S.V. GAWALI, Head of the department of Mechanical
Engineering for granting me the opportunity to present this seminar. I thank the entire staff and faculty of
P.V.G’s College of Engineering and Technology, for providing the necessary information, infrastructure and
support.

ASHISH H. THIGALE

(TE Mechanical B, Roll No. 5580)

3
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

INDEX
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
2.1 Objectives
2.2 Scope
3. Introduction To Basic Concepts
3.1 Magnet
3.2 Magnetic Field
3.3 Magnetic Moment
3.4 Magnetization
3.5 Magnetic Materials
4. Working Principle Of Magnet
5. Effect Of Magnetic Field On Fuel Molecule
6. Methodology
6.1 Magnetic Devices
6.2 Engine
6.3 Procedure
7. Results And Discussions
8. Conclusion
9. References

4
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig.1 Magnetic Field Lines 8

Fig.2 Flow of fluid under Magnetic Field

Fig.3 Representation Of Para and Ortho State

Fig.4 Schematic View Of Hydrogen

Fig.5 Photograph Of One Of The Magnetic Devices

Fig.6 Photograph of the Fuel Magnetization Unit

Fig.7 Graph of fuel Consumption Vs Magnetic Intensity

Fig.8 Graph of fuel saving % Vs Magnetic Intensity

Fig.9 Graph of fuel saving % Vs RPM 20

Fig.10 Graph of CO Reduction % Vs Magnetic Intensity

Fig.11 Graph of HC Reduction % Vs Magnetic Intensity 22

Fig.12 Graph of CO2 Increase % Vs Magnetic Intensity

5
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

1.Abstract

To analyze experimental investigation on the Performance and

Emission of Two-stroke Petrol Engine under the effect of magnetic
field.

The energy of permanent magnets was used in this research for the
treatment of vehicle fuel (Iraqi gasoline), for reducing
consumption, as well as reducing the emission of certain pollutants
rates.

The experiments in current research comprise the using of permanent

magnets with different intensity (2000, 4000, 6000, 9000) Gauss,
which installed on the fuel line of the two-stroke engine, and study its
impact on gasoline consumption, as well as exhaust gases. For the
purpose of comparing the results necessitated the search for
experiments without the use of magnets.
The overall performance and exhaust emission tests showed a good
result, where the rate of reduction in gasoline consumption ranges
between (9-14 ) %, and the higher the value of a reduction in the
rate of 14% was obtained using field intensity 6000 Gauss as well as
the intensity 9000 Gauss.

It was found that the percentages of exhaust gas components (CO,

HC) were decreased by 30%, 40% respectively, but CO2 percentage
increased up to 10%.

6
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

2.Introduction

The hydro carbon fuels used as the prime - mover in the internal
combustion Engines, i.e., Petrol and diesel are fossil fuels and fall
under the category of non- renewable sources of energy. Studies
proved that the aggravated use of these would lead to their extinction
in the nearer decades. Moreover, their extended use leads to the
atmospheric pollution through the toxic emissions from the exhaust,
thus, the global warming and the ozone layer depletion. So, in order
to reduce these exhaust pollutants, proper combustion of the fuel is
necessary. Though there is no IC Engine that can give out 100%
combusted products, the combustion efficiency can be improved by
the Pre-Combustion Treatment Of The Fuel, using the energy of the
magnets.

2.1 Objectives
1. To study the effect of magnetic field on the fuel at the inlet.
2. Effect of magnetic field on the exhaust gases.
3. Design and implementation in real time system to achieve the
higher fuel economy.
4. This concept is used in present research proposal to test an internal
combustion engine system with application of magnetic field.
Objective of this research activity is to analyse the effect of magnetic
field on the performance of the system.

2.2 Scope
1. Experiment shows the following results
a. Improved fuel consumption.
b. Reduced emissions of CO and unburnt HC.
c. Reduced fuel consumption.

No study has been performed yet on the different combustion cycles

under the effect of magnetic field.
Hence it would be a new area of research which could have a large
impact on the huge market across the globe.
This study has a big potential and can save energy and in turn save
millions of Dollars globally.

7
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

3.Introduction to Basic Concepts:

3.1 Magnet:

A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This

magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable
property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic
materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.

A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is

magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field.

3.2 Magnetic Field

A magnetic field is a force field that is created by moving electric

charges (electric currents) and magnetic dipoles, and exerts a force
on other nearby moving charges and magnetic dipoles.

it has a direction and a magnitude (or strength), so it is represented

by a vector field.

we define the magnetic field strength B based on the magnetic force

F⃗ on a charge q moving at velocity as the cross product of the
velocity and magnetic field, that is,

F⃗ =qv⃗ ×B⃗ .

F=qv Bsin θ

where θ is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field.

In SI units, the strength of the magnetic B field is given in teslas.

8
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

Fig.1 Magnetic Field Lines

3.3 Magnetic Moment:

The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the
torque it will experience in an external magnetic field

The relationship is given by:

τ=μ×B

where τ is the torque acting on the dipole, B is the external magnetic

field, and μ is the magnetic moment.

3.4 Magnetization:

magnetization or magnetic polarization is the vector field that

expresses the density of permanent or induced magnetic dipole
moments in a magnetic material.

The origin of the magnetic moments responsible for magnetization

can be either microscopic electric currents resulting from the motion
of electrons in atoms, or the spin of the electrons or the nuclei.

9
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

The magnetization field or M-field can be defined according to the

following equation:

M = d m /d v

Where dm is the elementary magnetic moment and dV is the volume

element;

3.5 Magnetic materials

Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials are the ones normally

thought of as magnetic; they are attracted to a magnet strongly
enough that the attraction can be felt. These materials are the only
ones that can retain magnetization and become magnets; a common
example is a traditional refrigerator magnet

Paramagnetic substances, such as platinum, aluminum, and oxygen,

are weakly attracted to either pole of a magnet. This attraction is
hundreds of thousands of times weaker than that of ferromagnetic
materials

Diamagnetic means repelled by both poles. Compared to

paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances, diamagnetic substances,
such as carbon, copper, water, and plastic, are even more weakly
repelled by a magnet. The permeability of diamagnetic materials is
less than the permeability of a vacuum.

10
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

4. Working Principle of Magnet

Fig2.Flow Of Fluid Under Magnetic Field

The liquid flows through the pipe past the magnet shown in the fig.2
as it does so, its randomly oriented molecules are aligned by the
strong unipolar magnetic field and retain their polarized state as they
leave the vicinity of the magnet. The tube should be non-ferrous to
avoid reducing the level of magnetic field applied to the liquid, and a
metal plate should be applied to the back of the magnet to increase
the strength of the field on the pipe side. Polarity of the magnet is not
really important. The more powerful the magnet the better, so using a
sizeable Neodymium Iron Boron magnet would be a much better
option since it's currently one of the most powerful commercial
magnetic materials. If the pipe is going to be liable to vibration (like
on an engine) then the magnet should be mounted on a small foam
pad like a standard adhesive pad to avoid abrasion of the pipe.

11
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

5. Effect of Magnetic Field On Fuel Molecule

Fig3. Representation of para state and ortho state.

Hydrogen occurs in two distinct isomeric forms Para and ortho shows
in the below fig.3 It is characterized by the different opposite nucleus
spins. The ortho state of hydrogen has more effective than para state
for maximum complete combustion.

12
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

The ortho state can be achieved by introducing strong magnetic field

along the fuel line. Thus when the fuel flows through a magnetic
field , created by the strong magnets, the hydrocarbon change their
orientation ( para to ortho ) and molecules of hydrocarbon change
their configuration, at the same time inter molecular force is
considerably reduced.

(a) Para state of Hydrogen (b) Ortho state of Hydrogen

Fig. 4 Schematic View

13
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

6.Methodology

The effect of the magnetic field on fuel (gasoline Iraqi) used in the
engines and its impact on the amount of consumption, as well as
emission of exhaust gases, the appropriate method was examined.
We include below the description of the materials and equipment
used.

6.1 Magnetic devices

Four magnetic devices used in this research were manufactured in the
laboratories of the Water Research Centre / Ministry of Science and
Technology. Each device contains the number of permanent magnets
arranged alternately in multiple stages. The magnetic intensities of
those magnets are (2000, 4000,6000, 9000) Gauss. Figure 5
represents one of them.

Fig. 5photograph of one of the magnetic devices

6.2 Engine
Two-Stroke Engine with spark ignition, Chinese origin TWP20C
with a capacity of up to 5.5 hp was selected, for being used in most
Iraqi homes for the implementation of the experiments. An external
tank includes a volumetric scale and valve was connected instead of
the main reservoir of the engine so as to measure the amount of fuel
consumed during operation and for each experiment.

14
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

6.3 Procedure
Figure 6 represents a photograph of the fuel magnetization unit used
in the implementation of the experiments.

Fig.6. a photograph of the fuel magnetization unit (1. Engine, 2.

Magnetic device 3. Measuring device for exhaust gases, 4. Fuel tank,
5. Gas sensor, 6. Valve, 7. Flexible tube for fuel)
1. Periodic inspection of the engine parts for each experiment.
2. Three accelerated rotation of the engine (3500, 4500, 5000) r.p.m,
was taken, which representing an initial speed and low,
medium and higher than the other so as to know the amount of fuel
consumption in each of these speed at all magnetic intensities.
3. Start up the engine after putting a certain amount of fuel in the
external tank, and set the selected speed for the experiment. Process
will continue operating for two hours and for each test, during which
the exhaust gas was measured at several times for accuracy. After
that, calculate the amount of consumed fuel in the end of the
experiment through the rankings is installed on the external tank of
the engine.
4. Repeat this process for the second speed to know the amount of
consumed fuel and the amount of exhaust gases.
5. Repeat the process in paragraph (3) after installing the magnetic
device with intensity 2000 Gauss on the fuel line, as well as re-install
the same speed because it will increase after install the magnetic
device. The exhaust gases during operation were measured, as well as
the amount of consumed fuel after the end of the operation. The
amount of consumed fuel after the installation of the magnetic device
was deducted from the quantity before the installation of the magnet
to know the quantity saved, and the same principle applies to the
exhaust gases.

15
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

6. Repeat the process in paragraph (5) for each magnetic intensity

and also for the three above speed.

16
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

7. Results and discussion

1. Effect on Fuel consumption:

1900
--- 5000 r.p.m
1800 --- 4500 r.p.m
--- 3500 r.p.m
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Magnetic intensity (Gauss)

Fig.7 Reducing the amount of consumed fuel with increasing

magnetic field intensity

Figure 7 represents the amount of fuel consumed with the intensity of

the magnetic field for three different engine speeds. The amount of
untreated fuel consumed in the engine for the three speeds were
(1350, 1560, 1775) ml, respectively. While these values decreased
with the use of a magnetic field, where the amount of consumed fuel
treated by using high magnetic field intensity less than that treated by
using low intensity.

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7 --- 5000 r.p.m
--- 4500 r.p.m
6 --- 3500 r.p.m
5
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Magnetic intensity (Gauss)

Fig. 8 Increased rate of fuel saving with increasing magnetic field

intensity

17
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7 --- 000 G
--- 6000 G
6 --- 4000 G
5
3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
r.p.m

Fig. 9 Increased rate of fuel saving with increasing engine speed

2. Effect on Emission of exhaust gases

The percentage of the exhaust gases which measured during the

operation of the engine, for three speeds, before and after magnetic
treatment was shown in Figure 10 and Fig.11. It was found that the
reducing percentage of the gases (HC, CO) up to (30, 40) %
respectively.

4
3.5
3
2.5

2
1.5
1 --- 5000 r.p.m
--- 4500 r.p.m
0.5 --- 3500 r.p.m
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Magnetic intensity (Gauss)

Fig.10. Decrease rate of CO gas with magnetic intensity

18
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

80
70
60
50

40
30
20 --- 5000 r.p.m
--- 4500 r.p.m
10 --- 3500 r.p.m
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Magnetic intensity (Gauss)

Fig. 11 Decrease rate of unburned hydrocarbons HC with magnetic

intensity

But the percentage of CO2 increased about 10%, as shown in the

Figure 12

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1 --- 5000 r.p.m
--- 4500 r.p.m
0.5 --- 3500 r.p.m
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Magnetic intensity (Gauss)

Fig. 12. Increase rate of CO2 gas with magnetic intensity

19
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

8 . Conclusion

From the above experimental work , it is clear that it is worthy to use

a permanent magnet on the fuel inlet line of the petrol engine. The
overall performance and exhaust emission tests showed a good result,
where the rate of reduction in gasoline consumption ranges between
(9-14 ) %, and the higher the value of a reduction in the rate of 14%
was obtained using field intensity 6000 Gauss as well as the intensity
9000 Gauss.

It was found that the percentages of exhaust gas components (CO,

HC) were decreased by 30%, 40% respectively, but CO2 percentage
increased up to 10%.

It is very interesting to study the effect of variable magnet field on

the engine performance and emissions.

20
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

9.References

1. www.sciencedirect.com

2. www.irjet.net

3. Research article on Advances in Automobile Engineering.

21
PVG’S MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 2017-18