Psychodynamic Theories

1. Psychoanalytic Levels of mental life: (unconscious, preconscious, conscious)

Provinces of the Mind: (Id, Ego, SuperEgo)
Theory Dynamics of Personality: (Drive  sex and aggression; Anxiety)
(Freud) Defense Mechanisms:
Stages of Development: Infantile (oral, Anal Pallic), Latency, Genital, Maturity
Applications of Theory:

2. Individual Striving for success and superiority

- Final goal, striving force as compensation, striving for personal superiority/success
Psychology Subjective Perceptions
(Adler) -
-
Fictionalism
Physical inferiorities
Unity and self-consistency of Personality
- Organ dialect
- Conscious and unconscious
Social Interest
Style of Life
Creative Power
Abnormal Development: Factors in Maladjustment
- Exaggerated physical deficiencies, pampered/neglected style of life
Safeguarding Tendencies: Execuses, Aggression, Withdrawal
Masculine Protest
Family Constellation
Early Recollections
Dreams
Psychotherapy
3. Analytical
Levels of the Psyche: Conscious, Personal/Collective Unconscious
Psychology Archetypes: Persona, Shadow, Anima/mus, great mother, wise old man, hero, self
(Jung) Dynamics of Personality
- Causality and Teleology
- Progression and Regression
Psychological Types
- Attitudes (Introversion/Extraversion)
- Functions: Feeling, Thinking, Sensing, Intuiting
Development of Personality
- Stages: Childhood, Youth, Middle Life, Old Age
- Self-Realization (Individuation)
Methods of Investigation
- Word Association
- Dream Analysis
- Active Imagination
- Psychotherapy

4. Object- Psychic life of an infant

- Phantasies
Relations - Objects
Positions
(Klein) - Paranoid-schizoid
- Depressive
Psychic defense mechanisms: introjection, projection, splitting, projective identification
Internalizations: Ego, Superego, Oedipus Complex

Later Views:
- Margaret Mahler
- Heiz Kohut
- John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
- Ainsworth and the Strange Situation
5. Psychoanalytic
Impact of Culture
Social Importance of Childhood experiences
(Horney) Basic Hostility and Basic Anxiety
Compulsive Drives
- Neurotic Needs
- Neurotic Trends: moving toward, against, away from people
Intrapsychic conflicts
- Idealized self-image: neurotic search for glory, neurotic claims, neurotic pride
- Self-Hatred
Feminine Psychology

6. Humanistic Human Needs

- Relatedness
Psychoanalysis - Transcendence
- Rootedness
(Fromm) - Sense of identity
- Frame of Orientation

Burden of Freedom
- Mechanisms of Escape: Authoritarianism, Destructiveness, Conformity
- Positive freedom
Character Orientations
- Nonproductive orientations: receptive, explotative, hoarding, marketing
- Productive Orientation
Personality Disorders
- Necrophilia
- Malignant Narcissism
- Incestuous Symbiosis

7. Interpersonal Tensions: Needs, Anxiety, Energy Transformations

Dynamisms: malevolence, intimacy, lust, self-system
Theory Personifications:
(Sullivan) -
-
Good/bad mother
Me
- Eidetic
Levels of Cognition
- Prototaxic
- Parataxic
- Syntaxic
Stages of Development
- Infancy, childhood, juvenile era, preadolescence, early adolescence, late adolescence,
 adulthood

8. Post-Freudian Ego: society’s influence, epigenetic principle

Stages of psychosocial development
(Erikson) - Infancy: oral-sensory mode; basic trust v. mistrust (hope)
- Early childhood: Anal-urethral sensory mode: autonomy v. shame/doubt (will)
- Play age: genital-locomotor mode: initiative v. guilt (Purpose)
- School age: latency; industry v. inferiority (competence)
- Adolescence: Puberty: Identitty v. Role Confusion (Fidelity)
- Young Adulthood: genitality Intimacy v. Isolation (love)
- Adulthood Procreativity: Generativity v. Stagnation (care)
- Old age: Generalized Sensuality; Integrity v. Despair (wisdom)

HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL THEORIES
1. Holistic- Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Dynamic Love and Belongingness
Esteem Needs
(Maslow) Self-Actualization Needs

Values of Self-actualizers
B-values
Love, sex, and self-actualization
Jonah Complex
Positive Psychology
2. Person- Basic Assumptions
- Formative tendency
Centered - Actualizing tendency
Self and self-actualization
(Rogers) - Self concept
- Ideal self

Awareness
- Level of awareness
- Denial of positive experiences
- Becoming a person
- Barriers to psychological health
o Conditions of worth
o Incongruence
o Vulnerability
o Anxiety and threat
o Defensiveness
o Disorganization
- Psychotherapy: conditions, process, outcomes
Persons of tomorrow
Self-discrepancy theory

3. Existential Existentialism
Basic Concepts: Non-being-in-the-World
Psychology Anxiety: Normal and Neurotic
Guilt
(May) Intentionality
Care, Love, and Will
- Union of love and will
- Forms of love : sex, eros, philia, agape
Freedom and destiny
- Existential
- Essential
Power of Myth

DISPOSITIONAL THEORIES
1. Psychology of What is Personality
Role of Conscious Motivation
the Individual Characteristics of a Healthy Person
Structure of Personality
(Allport) - Personal dispositions
Levels of Personal Dispositions
o Cardinal
o Central
o Secondary
Motivational and stylistic dispositions
- Proprium

Motivation
Theory of Motivation
Functional Autonomy
- Perseverative functional autonomy
- Propriate functional autonomy
- Criterion for functional autonomy
- Processes not functionally autonomous
Study of the Individual
- Morphogenic science

Optimal contact in reducing prejudice

2. Eysenck, Pioneering Work of Raymond Cattell
Basics of Factor Analysis
McCrae, and Eysenck’s Factor Theory
- Criteria for identifying factors
Costa’s Trait - Hierarchy of behaviour organization
Dimensions of Personality
and Factor - Extraversion
Theories -
-
Neuroticism
Psychoticism

Measuring Personality
Biological Bases of Personality
Personality as a Predictor
- Personality and behaviour
- Personality and disease
 The Big five: taxonomy or theory?
Core components of personality
- Basic tendencies, characteristic adaptations, self-concept
Peripheral components
- Biological bases
- Objective biography
- External influences

Basic Postulates

LEARNING THEORIES
1. Behavioral Scientific behaviourism
Philosophy of Science
Psychology Characteristics of Science
Conditioning
(Skinner) - Classical
- Operant
o Shaping
o Reinforcement
o Positive reinforcement
o Negative reinforcement
o Punishment
o Effects of punishment
o Conditioned and generalized reinforcers
o Schedules of reinforcement
 Fixed ratio
 Variable ratio
 Fixed interval
 Variable interval
o Extinction

Human Organism
- Natural selection
- Cultural evolution
- Inner states
o Self-awareness
o Drives
o Emotions
o Purpose and intention
- Complex behaviour
o Higher mental processes
o Creativity
o Unconscious behaviour
o Dreams
o Social behavvior
- Control of human behaviour
o Social control
o Self-control
- Unhealthy personality
o Counteracting strategies
o Inappropriate behaviors
2. Social- Observational Learning
Modelling
Cognitive Processes governing observational learning
- Attention
Theory - Representation
- Behvioral production
(Bandura) - motivation
-
3. Cognitive Social
Learning
Theory
(Rotter and
Mischel)

4. Psychology of
Peronal
Constructs
(Kelly)