Name: D.M.K.P.

Bandara

Registration Number: ENG-17-090

Assignment 01

1. Digital cameras look very much like ordinary film cameras but they work in a completely
different way. When you press the button to take a photograph with a digital camera, an aperture
opens at the front of the camera and light streams in through the lens. So far, it's just the same as
a film camera. From this point on, however, everything is different. There is no film in a digital
camera. Instead, there is a piece of electronic equipment that captures the incoming light rays
and turns them into electrical signals. This light detector is one of two types, either a charge-
coupled device (CCD) or a CMOS image sensor. If we've ever looked at a television screen close
up, we will have noticed that the picture is made up of millions of tiny colored dots or squares
called pixels. Laptop LCD computer screens also make up their images using pixels, although
they are often much too small to see. In a television or computer screen, electronic equipment
switches all these colored pixels on and off very quickly. Light from the screen travels out to our
eyes and our brain is fooled into see a large, moving picture.

In a digital camera, exactly the opposite happens. Light from the thing we are photographing
zooms into the camera lens. This incoming "picture" hits the image sensor chip, which breaks it
up into millions of pixels. The sensor measures the color and brightness of each pixel and stores
it as a number. Your digital photograph is effectively an enormously long string of numbers
describing the exact details of each pixel it contains. We can read more about how an image
sensor produces a digital picture in our article on webcams.
2. There are two types of photo receptors in the human retina.

1.Rods
The rods are most sensitive to light and dark changes, shape and movement and
contain only one type of light-sensitive pigment. Rods are not good for color vision. In a dim
room, however, we use mainly our rods, but we are "color blind." Rods are more numerous than
cones in the periphery of the retina. Next time you want to see a dim star at night, try to look at it
with your peripheral vision and use your ROD VISION to see the dim star. There are about 120
million rods in the human retina.

2. Cones
The cones are not as sensitive to light as the rods. However, cones are most sensitive
to one of three different colors (green, red or blue). Signals from the cones are sent to the brain
which then translates these messages into the perception of color. Cones, however, work only in
bright light. That's why we cannot see color very well in dark places. So, the cones are used for
color vision and are better suited for detecting fine details. There are about 6 million cones in the
human retina. Some people cannot tell some colors from others - these people are "color blind."
Someone who is color blind does not have a particular type of cone in the retina or one type of
cone may be weak. In the general population, about 8% of all males are color blind and about 0.5%
of all females are color blind.
3. a) Camera lens- Cornea
b) Shutter-Eye lid
c) Image sensor- Retina
d) Cable to transfer the image- Optic nerve