The Aes + welcome Blthe uncertain adingupto Thom sould unset the economy. Me ‘emer agues thal the meee wee Sepue fom her's andabovebourd "A secaod worry tha the se pres deat deslehisbedzoom fa may Bite ‘secs majrtesfortefen Atte beso Anes, cangesamen ae velucunt vo toe Iorspendingeuts ands Thelraven ‘don wil soos shi tothe Obl ares Ine dene, which ake place in Au fist and then October local elections $e inter wl be move important than ‘sual the Peas scandal bas eat he Aawalestnonaytopoltealpartesis| set the Supame cour bared eorporte donations So candidates for aati of ‘tein willy on oa oles eee fd bis year to tsher the ote to he pall Austerity wil aatappeal cons fen aedy king sbout hel rele floncampagestwo yashence ME Teme could fargo immediate bud setousinfvour of fundamental foes Shas dling pension fom the mint ‘mum wage and panting independence the Cantal Bask Dut thet meats Terortnchorayh would ru up aunt third problems he Paepion, espeally among Mé Rous Sto sapportes, at Me emer has 26 ‘mandate odo athing important nag ‘own jected © Bander version of Mr Tomer sf putorwardby thers dosing candiat,Adclo Neves. peach ‘ents bringing aboutus change of esonnel but achang of plial phos pty that Beaders iol otf ay Solel burs notleptimate ld Calgo ‘Amorim a former ftegn and deence ‘inser interview wih ikenbe Most Salans, delighted t see Rouse gone ae nos pessed shout ME ‘Tomercomingin,Heandamsjoctyof te ‘est important members of his prospec ve tea are eptuagenarins with ent tes of police baggage etween them. ‘ut of Brann Dink hey wil do Beta Job than MG Russel and he Jeagues: Teer be able to change ‘thelr mings fe can ena the contover ‘al onforms he espouses and Braalane {fale economic benefit The queon's ‘Whether the newly promoted viceprest dor wilgetictenance The green and the black ‘Reststrophe increases tensions over ol pipelines and limstechange \NADIANS have saled round Fort Mba the western cy rare yao ie hero. They have sot {Got cethingand mestaer of suppor" the sooo people who fed ther hom Thekedcrosrclected fear eam) ns mater of days Justa Trudeau, Canade’s Prime ise promised federal help ‘Butte disaster has aso exposed di sions Between olrpoduct albert, where more than” 220000_hocaree (so.do0 ses were engulfed by fr, and {hereof Canada The rncour appeared ‘rston social medi, with fees sch “Wiskomete cle angele el five to heep denying it” “Scambag" was (one lberan sponse. The pa spread 0 ‘ow corace waster he blamed et ‘mate lange forthe fre, Mr Tudeas odgedthe question, "He cannot sold the argument whi the fe hes. relgnted, ort MeMaray ‘nals ts ving fom Abeta’ Athabasca larsands although sents canner be dlmate change oaused a parc sich asthe Alber ie, few peo le doubt that producing Attabesea fae fis more greenhouses than concen Sonal of When ll pees were high Fat Medturay and Alberta prospered, spur ring Canadas econamie growth The price Grophasutthevegans economy har A ‘bem sin ts second yar of retin he ‘rnc ely to have a record budget ‘ete of Cho blon tis yeu Aer he ‘eforedfemsnearFor Ment oss fend producton, econcmissrevied ‘owe er dress for Canada’ growth Snthsecond quater his yea. ‘hist Alberans want fr more than Ieipiom he ed Gos pipelines yaudeailtowordmnteets he povnge ‘he Eovnonte yah 006 now see ose ll of othe Und Site, which pay too i. albenans ipumble hack Shara has locked the Elymone a ppetine Gee map which ‘would have made tarspert cheaper Al Berane hopes ow ston tse oer prsed cond trey Fanta asoukm Bicomio pipeline, wach is aad par bull woud es re tothe A [Est comt Norkem Greway and tans ‘Moana which would ran slongsde an ‘singin would ppetothe Pace All {hee nted the approval ofthe er por feat aod fo region pis suppor {fam aboriginal ou and te proves through ‘which they wuld pes Many cet have objectors ‘eish Calumblo” pected. Nohem Gateway wit abargé of cochions ling prtecson for ndgenove wou benefits for he povince and messes © prevent ol spilt Not votes te pov [nee oppose bot the pipelines tat wos ross thee terry fhe goverment of (rtavio an Quebec st sna teste for rey East The project mas pasa“ fet acs Mol rere Coser ie reams oy Bung wi flere car dewing power fom Oue- Steeda oat doesnot wt wrt the ‘deaf proving pane for ere from Alber sien sands The projec ait ‘SMsnotscepable says MeCodere ‘ren befoe he eects wee sling Albertans "Wea contin sup fort canada’, economy unless Canoga ‘Supports waned Rachel Note, the rovine’s premier Ap Here ean quoverimen ghtenedeneonment ‘lest encosree ober Canadians toa tpt ibe pipelines Ron Ambror, the in (eh eter of the federal Conserve Ferg o's bo Alerter fovemnmentscucance to support Ber {yt theless enpopuarpaec sone fonalinky ive, Some worry tht such ‘eaenonents wl encore he sowth of ‘Albers tnysepsretmovemest. "Althispre reno an aka sot nian Ocobers econ hs ber Farypromseiofiehclimatecange and Subp pipes t rigorous tegulsony ‘Snvdars Young geen votes whe helped ‘helsburiewin will bedeapplaedifthe {der goverment now bch ay ofthe thre proposed pipelines Mr ceases Teint Norther Gateway manly bee (tse soute puss throughs temperte ‘mnfors. Hisposton on energy and Tans Mum uncles: bt is gover rent ha added sever sep to the sare ‘omental reviews they ae Ol ndusy [Sits wory at more area come is ‘anos oye the pene mise "a. fing That wos Sere the fre: Now ie ‘Tudeau lacs an unenvable decor ‘heer abelp the veins stra de Santrotheepeaseofratretsel vitae Economist SPECIAL REPORT bo‘Te konenat ay ath The clash within a civilisation ‘hundred yerafte thes Fst oreement carved the Ottoman empire, anew Aabhistaryisbeing written nblood. ‘Anton La Guardia examines the ellres ofthe region's states CLAVINGTO Abaren mountisiesbove the plain of Nive the ‘Shae Onthedoctnonatery of Mar Maal ictued above) sbi ‘ew ofthe cate that gi the Aus woe salihed there entry aes iy of Mow stands on onal boundary. rhe Mesopotamian pla bens o ease into the Zags murals, ard ‘Ab lamers come up aa fash bes Beneath the folded ocks ‘techingsoutard a Omar haldsome ofthe ices stores of ‘Mar Marta has seen he essge of many amie Sasaran, Az, Satu Mongo Safed uad Oroman, Te Bes ncorporated Now Esta av en eld rag, which they ruled when he Europeans di ‘membered the detated Otoman mnt afer theft oad wa Tle ‘tenon though ould abvaye rove lel reese NW Mat Mat sands wites tothe dttepaton of tan andof nah of the modem Ath order On the igo teary hil ine of trae lack banners rcstning ca ahaa lh (here no God butodh, deleater the Boner setwees we of tee ors hal are ‘toepng fomhewecag: othe west bloody hat up tha eal sel lai tate ()-know as Dae to mos Aaba-com twol Morl and ong thes fhe Tig pate valleys oto Tacga nd Deir faarin Sri The cau pes the Peshnegs ow who conor! deat hold th ces of, Selaimani ad and the mountain fsnes beyond, On one side Dash dams Inn restore he pare nw of God and the aie: sami elphateson ‘teohrieRadheby modemanmade deroacy fs nd ‘tonaliom nopmgtoon win thelr own ate "Ar Ameren drone busses overhead pistons rambled ‘ance Mow the pri of he wae es inthe hse The Gea fon ‘aed orémance fred by the an insting a cooking ps caste ‘Deed ons rocks eget they maybe shor of mst Bt he 5 Sykes andi Unienaes conseuerces 6 Thenature ofthe state 10 Ration Theme 1 Rags suite wrenan? 13 Foreign intervention From Beretta Bagh 14 Irland Platine Israel in teste 15 Thefutre Weise Arabic for ange_ swept away but wha replaiag to fen worse One ious fare, Saddam | Neem Hisoem: was toppled when Ameria i-_| OW mane Sei "Yaded rain 3003 elessngissecatan |” ran bur wen readiness to dein sede isons ve ‘pains & powefl weapon, “The Ps {erga hve ited capac, ul we are Ceoring the who Of huey and ‘th drotrate worl tay General ae sam arin oar comerdet pean powers secely eoneaded he SjesAeor apeemert tht lea tothe ‘oder Ab snes ee bo ex pagel The conser wovidewvetchind kar ‘opsan system, prone to wars and coups. hetogtner oy sre pliesen, rue ty and petodolars and supported by ‘sla sponsors and foreign solder, ‘abe sored poser ina tegion of ‘plent and oppression she name fA aon A and of a one vholiinemmesteat ‘hi ppalng wor now beng Semone Oe: adr wee oe {herown peope inthe Arb apesings of Reanedabsine Benders ‘nj ha yer the Hoss abarak Inkgyptin ebary Ta tbya Muara (Qaddas was overkzown ith help fiom. Wester ai foes, then bed in October ta Yemen. Al Abdul Sle, gavel ‘wounded by abom} stepped down in November ‘Only Tonia has made «democrat tion, alba 3 shaky one In ay the sm eda counter sevauton In Sie ‘Busha altar sat at bombed and gassed pele {narmurdeos ef wa iat as pogresely erp eh he ‘reining bye plnere ow laminin. ae ‘hen Howth eb topple he government and ref be Ingpuhed bak Seu ledcoaliion. in pcr now saline we tongerthan aes, whee ssi ves have Gognertd Inorg rls Sects {im has become sete: The contest between Saud Abia, the ‘slfappomied champion of the Sunal nd lan, he lening ‘Shin pores makes evrythig worse. Outsider ve been suckin ior eadste ar tapaign guns ands sod [ngmor specal forces asin foes prop ep MrAsad Thsis leseaclshoftvsaions than 2 dash wil cation I This is less a clash of civilisations than a clash within a civilisation. Increasingly the Arabs are a nation of refugees, exiles and migrants cussing he Ambsireanatonoftetugeseies nd migrants “hi special por wil examined sorta ee othe callape ofthe Ar ode Ft the elo’ ate plied ‘model ses. hough morass nave stood up beter tan ‘publics Second herent eeoremiesytem bsSed ona ‘etourees bs become urate, nt an prong ‘Svesbuteverywhere The lm, andthe Seat vary nya ‘Sea in toma over the lace relion specs ante ‘i of ka ly wh And our, desabising nerves byamereahave ben lowed under PresdentBackObama, by destbsing detachment fom he elon. The Ab weld bsuerngucrssofleptimary Anbsttes were seen she legilnate opting of clots and many ofthe ade es playungsof heels The main deol ‘gesothe Arab word Arabian lism and now sla he Een sought to overcome the bated Sptes ene border ‘Natoma leaders uch os Ganal Abdel Nase of ype ho {ametopowerinacoupinisa promised Arabuny andthe ‘Sain Palen but diverter Too tite, toate ep roll monarchs that use lieing cites inthe eset ost Ata ennares were unable oder sting pros ‘ety Ther sate ed models tale harnese he power go Sisedon the weaknesesconcenled by oil ancy sloshing ‘trough therein. pines that belatedly Sought to copy Ch ‘s'moel of ave ecaorl beralsm combine wh frm polialcontalendedup wien upsie ‘own veron of he Soviet Union. ‘usa thefllofcommunimledtocoay ‘pllien:in the Arab wor puta tbe. tbat in hess rout est coy {sm thn pola esentent ha even ‘aly nought down ene ‘ustadof ying adeveleiins. cythrough demearacy and the rule of la rls sty eled ‘nthepomrrof te nab he ubiquitous seer pole fen the est onganised oan of sate Ia counties tcp in lam laden beneted foro long fam a veligous eauan of thediener othe raleevenabadone prevent cord among ‘Mss Bot now theres dad plenty Repression. jal sd ‘erturefed doc that Arab ruleraze iat unbelievers ide uses tis empig fo each for sis punch tutor sorssavrte Arb opens asarepayct the D> » democratisation that followed he fallof communis in Europe tern; ters beter comparison would be wit the vient Dneakupof the former ugoaia inches. Mould besguedhathecarentmessishelaestphasen the callpse of the Otoman empl ls Eopenn provinces Tote away mtherpincentuy be Aabonesintheaoth and aulng Arb teste now cublg inthe se Arbe ody ‘stl confonted with these queston eth foeatersin ‘tices mess they appies witmoceraly ane ropes ‘upremey: iy hae 9 wo of laous, esol Mare empiresbecomessbiec? orthos who snk ts because Wester ciation has proved saperiosheramedy isto adopt Wester norms ecu [rss tonalsn and above all detocracytetfortoxe who ‘blave tat Muslims Have sre Because hey fed o hep Goes orinances i nly esponseis to tur the eligous ‘pty ofthe ery ep Aruhaleds-Dabh, a Saud con ‘Rentie sumsilup*Webareadonipotiem a overance ‘Gatismare nan zco year lg Whots hergtl scessr © {heProphee The quetonissllbangingoverourhends” “THEN ROWERS ote abt errata mean suman ep 1 sport a6 fistaporonedto Fane then ceed by fonsrabdafedhnaba aus hto maine moe Ueiinieeniionsionice itermactsdOehourtiite ° fie Dipmrt teat aisen wliditacied tothe taelay One oles cra ad Meat abel Newer Tesnirtntasinmstipearestt briadaaietehanteliéwone AneainadeiAghnsaithsane Evenbetreti ar serdar. Socio haem oie serene ‘es-tayp not Avena sveches the "lcs ofcoonrashavestrangebor= Sites talseadybenpetdot Gntensceleseretertle dos“sys kei iaritatowten ecole ote. ‘ppt al wermncrain Uerotae Yelk fe ere rasbecomes "_alnapeltanic acer aearee ‘yr fer inert teacher Gorperto- aos (eadidon Risetoe le Imus an Arbhistorn cles shong Pak cnt inwhin Westar powers veyed (onumer he prod geal ‘hasan ware led ary”THEARAB WORLD ‘The nature ofthe state Mamluks and maliks ‘iy Arab monarchies have survived uprisings better ‘than epubtcs [HIS CAIRO ofc ovelooing the Nie, abuses {cepshismobie phone inaglsejaronhis des. Hsewbere in inact keeps iessin hedge snarpbones were fonts is tos of young ewolsdanures cos the Arb wot, thers tat hey bare Deore te wears forte ada, these police evesdop onsets by bacingni thel {etephonesand ering them nto buplag sees, Theses Joutalatwodkngososthe Arab Wesdneedsa phone paced ‘withthe net encrypted commncstions apps xyptans lke ‘Strat stupor Megat Lebaneseareconten te te common WhstAPR “deep san dy was octe oly gh bythe prising tt snp away Hose bore in on; Now is back ‘ha fengamee th aay having toppled de elected la Dresdent Mamma Mors: Under Abel Fata aS he [ote who daimsto be sen ofthe evoliion Eqyeis more {SprenivethanitnadbeenunderMNbak andtheccoaeay {is doing considerably worse. Protas ae own parclsy ‘ver MS Gel ws King Sena of Saal Arable both pe {uredbelw tobandovertwoisadsinhesed sea Many der pclels wet Ie epson dung Gamal Andel Nasir mary rl las Ms heady thetork of Arab ‘nonaliem Nase 1d cus the Ms eerhooe. [Andas with Naser there danger ta MSs il ump {aise violent thai lac Sate) hs dod the Sinaipeninulaonces winter body playground oe os “Srovinne in October a0 brought orn Rosanne thathad eke offom Sharael baka. Sing lhe Arb leads who were overtuown In on wersbeadingrepabice ot monarchies Arab presidents Sere ae har Bt bit Naser yp was pla whet Jean les Ha a former Pench pona ells he "Mala {enc fer the slfpereteting caste af slvesoldes who ‘aed gypt fom the iho het anu. AGP apps he [nbeltosever| other republes among them Agen, Ses und {eros long ane our story a mary domaine sono "here" Maml republic, most socal esring witha ‘penchant fr eenal onl ofthe economy a Sst modeled {hamseheren he athortran nina of Takey unde A sur though they nt fly sare hs lta sel. Thetitormatsecnty testa were aan ose ofthe Soret Union wihwhieb hey ale alipne ‘aden aston a served ide thesometinesnat sow sesinn support base ine eimes the minor Suna [nag andthe wisn Sy is peraps ro supe her, ‘hatthenegns wer amang he ase ag walled ae "Republic of ear by a dssdent water Kenan Malis: ya twslabeled "Tae Sate of Barbary” by tele Michel Sea French Arse Under Siddam Huss, rq gassed there one kaa lao nos under Has a Asad ji dat lenedthectyoftiamningestoerush an peg he Min Brothetood alge wage a ity nd bloody war apis ih Ceetbatsared nya lated a dead Fearandloathing ‘Under MrMabra, Eye was ele with ger touch, peshpe beanies he wat keen vo malatai he Suppo of is ‘mtr ales Mea hs ad ewer sruples about shedding Blood. Thousands have been led in ig suppreston af he Masi rtherood, anders of housendshave een alee “acording oe conspiracy theory the EeyPaan Deng fom wae maniplated thoughout the generals They Used the protest pti of Host Mara, ten the sun Ioeood to seline Hers, and Snally exploited betel Drtesns to petiole Bos and roduc det nay File nrettyheesponseseemstohave boon much mare ried bathe theoy shows ow the deep ate lope. “An inceed the reon & both sbleay and Vous ‘Thecoursares aw unto esl Me Ss questo intr onalrespecbity hisnatbeen help byte oro and mur ‘derinFebruaryofantillon rio studestconductngroseaon Eyptan tad unos ho Yo have Been oie ritbersof the sc plc. donot hin there tat ype day says Yr Savghofthe Camogie Nidal Cenc sthneella Beat, “Theres accaltion of nee groups sd nso each of whichieabow thst They are workings oss purposes and ‘en undermining "he legacy of many replies based ono obec ‘ives Arn sn ad the Herat of Palen: Nees as een aehiaved And forall thes repblarism telson "runbed tothe tompaon of euablshing hl own dyna ‘es ln Syria Hera Averd wos saceeded by his son, ash. ‘Egypt Hom Mia weve onal is son, Gam In ‘it, Al abel Slsh wr thought 1 be yoomang his Sos, ‘Amd, nis, ousted present zine Abiine Ben Al ‘wasreckoned fe berooting fori on lew Saher Mater “Somemock hee sass ryt rn Asc nolo, combining ummuraat republics and melaat mona). ‘iteachod the abate pot hat the se bac lke a 0° ‘patent that thy oot geo the ids ays hase Se IE professor eects of Selene Purves in Pets “Tis nes bigregerforthewprings Tesatatostt vento ive te THEAEAP WORLD = ne o — pci a | > Thegenuine Aabdyoanieshave fred much beeratlest sf nh day of ratonahs tm hey seme an enda tered species ve Arb monarchs wer topless fom King ‘oukof yan 9sto Kings of yan and the etek {hretened for decades bow there seems tobe sarethingin {heaatrof Arab monarchy male emi sndslanshat ‘morersten han presidental tory Me Sala sees tree main sours of legacy for Arab ruler represerstion (none is edly teed, schiewements (roat epublcs have boat sboa sod proven ‘ent the bes qulifaton "rule you bees erated You" ‘SSheSalamé pats That cern the Sra Sg ich, unig Has en te ramet te ounty and an {ter laren etal Nd ropon back tote ah century Forth sx olkprocucng sates ofthe Calf Cr perton Soutlocd shal Ambir ran erred ‘Hroughoa th utbulene of he Ara spring te monstehice, sere splaing out asin lai nd lnneing ne poess ‘omainisin popstar suppor. Moreover al ace sts enjoy ungpokenéiplomnc and rary rapport tom ootse sae fhe Wet (stars [eye Ameean a base and Bahrain 9 nal one ARer wie. spreadprtessintahrain,whoreaminerty Sunny esa toxlyShis population oherGulsttessent foro the and {Shalpshore ap hemonarehy ‘oreo and jordan donot produce oi but thei kings Mo Inammed Viand Abdulla I deve sme author fom rl ton pointing ther descent fom the Pope Nha ig to din sve pana: Mors ta Motommed Wars exiled toMadamecarby the Pech and he mand for his stun became the lying ey for Morocarie ‘onal The Hashemutes for ta parsed the Bag of evo ‘pine Tirole it ee ip inn Pethps more important ton neragy, hove hasbeen tosbiltyatbothmonsrciestoadapto hangingtzts Unie the rling amie ofthe Gal where royale ld poss fut the goverment bucaucey hose of Maroc orn fend f Sand more loot fom day-to-day government They Inve alae shown a knack for er optng some crite oa eas ‘ninaning dialogs with ter: Dang the Aen spring Both made a show of rsponding to demands for wate feedom, oth counses inoduerd Hed constetional arms and heldparamencary electors Jordan smore tense. The Maslin Brohehood boyented the alo and the overamentis ying ‘ovolt the movement In Moreen the Brthetnod inspired [iste and Development or the time won telat berofotsofany parr sleaer Abdella Benkarane became rime ministerat the Bea of afourparty calton. ‘ab story since the emergene ofa the ih ce ‘ur tdemnate by hee erpres Uma, Abbas and Ot ‘oman, "The ea of éynasiesisin the mst ofthe people it ‘youelda referendum iordan avasmajocty woul ote fo {hemonsrey sys Orb Rant drone AL Quads Con ‘roc Pon Sadie atinktancn ora, Post partis a Jordan and Moroceo bave most aged to abide by the rules, above all cepa ofthe monarch. Elswieesys Mi Ba ‘aw bloody regimes ceateloodyoppestons” wy ‘The economy Black gold, white gold Therentior system isintrouble, nthe big ‘ol prodcing states and beyond FROM THE IR there sand dines fthe Empty Quarter Fire outbeyondtebendofthe eat Eke cous ples of powered brick Betwees the mounds the winds have cr ted patches of greys as tht ens the eck dpe Fehes ot The pty Quare was once the passage for comel ‘areanscsrying previous farkncense aero Tne sosthem ‘Arabian geninsula These days Saul Armea the prt state ‘Sued company ao and pipelines nthe wie rnseacary the moctpzed Arian ext igi rade an pe tothe menus and expe teminale anctede of ome Forhernont ‘Shaya a small town of 500 people emerges fom theTHEATAB WORLD + sand Those who work then say the winds never move the ‘dines yet they Gulely cover anything that has ut tugh {hem suchas hens which masts seared Der thing etding sud for constrvson tells being to Fe ed to be bough by Tong snwoys of lois. Ding through he dunes inipowable oo wel tart fom the pat Sof sala tnd then push ow hrzomally wo get at the of ‘Kame some ptt of the Saul sate hat wos bmpessiely ‘wal in ac ts more ofa Pate win a Sate, wih On ‘hoalsand ise. “ramc's excites demi the idea thatthe slump in ies fom pefsboutSreabarelinaou olteroretan ‘is apels dour for Saud Arabs economy. shaybah wat Atbeloped re ol was at ye Dre ads els would Seproteblcatsoabarcel Armco lars The cmpany con Uestodilecploniianwelstokeeppsprorenseseresandis [vesungbothpstsam and downstream Podacersofmore petlve ty incang some from tle in Amaia, wl be ‘fenout of snes fg before before Atmco ip gouble ‘nage saya iba production fll and demand coves ‘heprnisbound tse ae. ‘Abundant and easly accnibl ol as ben the bss of ‘ne Gals rene node of he ste the ruling aly cllectste rentfomlsnddstbutesthe poets geneous. the fom publ goods welt ond edb. nrtarn orcampiance fromthe popalton. ‘Tan mrdeapperacossmch of the Arb wodd seco comics an be divided it hee broad categories esoucech, {Boucpoor Gul shelihgoms with os fl and gab Devoe resoue ih laboursbandat sates, uch as Algeria [pda tathavensturl ears ord ingr populations snd ‘sour poor, aboursbundantcounles, notably Egy that Roveuticoreaotand petit ios of mouth otred oe cars, ouspeae ‘Previn once thought thatthe mide oup, with tere sourets sed manpowe tonsa wouldde best ith Foros ay eo pce pur Ing Rod hese miding sats endo Be tore nately aarti they my othave enought ue ulescence tf thet people but ln pay for the ‘machinery a epson. "Toa dept th whole Arab welds an itive economy. all thee pauos {End tose en il eth the pice ofa Nilo of Abs Bom sesourepoor tounmnesae gues wots ina rode {goats Comers ighespondlng Ga Fst holy ipa Cat nd Birt Grants nouns fom Gul sates Ipsos poows Arab ounties. ‘Some coven, sacha ayo ond Jordan di enjoy "ate rents ‘Sexprovidedby Gul sts andthe Wet ‘ects ther sty deemed exe {alo gional order fey rte Iesbeenbenes supporedby audi as inane Unted Arb Eas ace ecoepin ‘Siudsmey notbetheiches people inh Gul ber county reas be ‘ont et exporter of And fc all Prone al le abet he foro there anxiety bout {Ene The reins cones wah Nan Prose at almost any price Aepingoutpt high dof prices ow Sa Arba sy wl ‘ura poductonony an does an sits every sah {Sri presancionsleve of ouput Thetnconcste wat {nee and sapon for goverunen nd Sunn groups ese ‘here donoteme cheap “Thesauibuigedefeesfoncastorechnskofoortis sear even afters eof moneysaving meats inducing cus {Denergy subsides The government wing down sare pie oftvrve and borw/ngoninteratonal apt mar Eos Gurassimon talons an esata sae, ben polis tut Saud esrvesot wea dnote slab. They ony Sime ‘WhatgoesforSausiAnbissppliatongesteroteserer: | ten. nalmembersoftheGufCropenton Coed, Ota te tess of ther Mbyte east alee Bahrain and ‘yma wth sro wl Be ln deeper woe Peso stat tga cers ein tbeppeine staring witha ave odd cdiscinsas. Beyond cit Scud Arabi and oter Gulf ates wil have to do what ‘hytong ped tore mon pr eda Give aay foro Not every county can become ao tfivand srs ces babe Prine Mme bin fran esa elers3o year ldsonandepowerbeting ae thro hassporen motembiouaysbouteehange ke wants to ng abou trough Rs "Vion 90, plan to wean is ‘Suny aby tat dteentanonee "Piste sas ister he ar crete | aso Nabeseirs sep an mhpese ee ienmodanesomaewtnainestieptaeyecse | Sd eas o sel ke te ct ncaig Art See aod pba eget cpr he wo ‘Toe government alls of olng vuable land Yo developers Recher ommend eam aes inastyand | emote 1 208 + geaty expanding ouismbt fo ios Mtasims ntthe Weaernsor “Alls ely to eng wrenching social change for which Seudlsocey H ecsrot other THE ARAB WORLD eamingnew cy inthe desert and even be ova hee! Se ok Egypt ‘eh Sa Arb. alte to beste eal it wll have tbe financed by the etre Agmind Sy DEL a Elna ateta Eeidalepeaniiepitrderof fins ea a pee eee ean ier wore Thrmentsfvomen whose Irae up the mony of new inieaty {Badu wife be breed bet {Ecutornow eee nied eons {oglee women move opportunites ave fe i rea. T shee pul Sts Arb wal avo pomot ‘parenyand eration! nose wich ‘wil mean svecoming estan om thepowermistouseublshment snd Ueepetngroylaaly or prays the Mages problem looming Sau Abas he need 1 Sobor siping poplaton el pa per person inthe alist toay taal pry eee Simin). Wlovebalfot Seu se ocr yang Folic: Serbs atea frm unemployment beret thas oa ‘inal oven when ol pcs ec hgh, Theis common pe Siem son he Ab wo An ebutane of young odes ‘Bouidprovaboonbutinmany Ab buh epeace on South Oulgeintmporeanddco uth slongpeedsteapnant toon hgh ebtand pit etnomscasusene import subtton anodes unde whit countses sought promote domestic podacon behind ptscionst Dares ‘Sve longo the heb wor than entre ecese rd the rore mated the ieilenses iy consis. ‘Where Ara outs belted sare ope nora ex ors they on tate compete Ar coun pad got {inet Sat ne macocconoc mambo pve fw hint ot the ooming poll exis naa inthe pera es ironed peed up unenoynent was sabe tough og Snequnly seemedinanageate: eS “he ts ses ohare been peated by two tor fx the cone agustentbroupcebasisinpuniesesor Jobsand sevice and secnd part ibeisaoneppered of ‘our onty he welwonnaeal i drs of conv ‘on Ofte te sogn of yp evolutions feed {ovale two ad un econo omporent hile das [Sites werenataite inning smndads nots Ams aly ofthe Cate ndetas Cente near nek ‘eneopled nothave hese opornrariarpate, ‘nthoush thea beter edacieds ‘fe trmol ofthe ve yous se he Amb oping has deakabiow walthenoni ab economien ven flr rcs hareprovidedsomesighcompeneto. sb tna Unt eatectey tey have ft abou nf ptetal oor, "yore bud ac hs widened ore than 0 of oor Nnaferurng has sageted sd tous fa aad re {har at fhe x ses tom he suas se ated ‘horas falar ced byte vermont cas 0 ‘Bowie ttm ena weep domene es x sapteay impor mth fe {ood~itecnalbarkisin ae monaco olare ‘swat i opens of manfacungiataay wh cant impor the componcns needs and fads strpos peed ot ty tihighotange Tae th er the economy Exypt pest in an oun saadose pecs the expanson el Se Cala one ke ee Tor all of Eeyps considerable a ‘toon ent entry eee fated apatarethanks he waters thet ened anspor provided by the Sig Canes ge ternal make and F_protmiyt aropean ones county Fesbect unable ose the opprtniy of oan, We ares rapped in the time of Gaal Abdel Nese wth Stele development and sate depen Sentra say Al -Aninstucve example spy stoubled cto indo. once the countrys whe gid Erentmeqaityongsapt zy con was ogi to fapean marke ee ey ‘piveetary ty» renchman Lous Aes june who get ‘peop ato Prune ayn ton lid rench mis inerased py booed bythe mrapion tera nde ih Aen dg fi ‘Under Nese tends was onalies ey ido ‘oot indus by Buln avert Suteoweed mil at Mahala i the tele ela The pofucnon of coon ws ‘ouredover dost ood opm andar hago se bel imeraton! eae pce, "The pei aes were esported for free catency andthe lower quality medi: shorsape coon wa {edo male cheap does rea consmpton, taser tutonal tees makes opened up he eco Bevan isbn pn witb ut he il ‘othetaheeSguaeSemonsrtonsinaog. Arising stain the west 1 more, by eos the mood is hopeful. smaller county than 2gyp and fro the upbeat he case has ‘ean mare sucess than mst other Ars sate at oldng on {olSal important guns indy bisbalingup temanatac: ‘arg sector by seeking kit the Propesn supply chal, ding for tench indy parks whotearemburoehas dane or German companies RenaultNisan and rsa Peugeot ‘Gogn have bull new earessembly pants ip Moroca, and lunsatei nando develop awidenetote ofa sopter. ven move ambush Moreen is woringts Bulan air craft industry based outs Casablanc’s intentional apt Eeing tom he embryo of oyal AlrMarocs engine maine ance uses. ay sp wae manasa hgh spel Testion elecscl wang fori Onthe try Soares ‘Aospce ed veld women arenanchedoverhecables-Boe ngonanesoftemainaii Atbuoneoe, ‘Neary asubetiary of Safa, arch echnology soup, ‘smakingeaebom tore csp forjetensnes Somerdles «Ce ‘adn aitraftnaker setingup shop to make paso ia Eames. The rovermment i petfinding a vostonal taining Scheolfor the seroma indy ches eb nda erie foo 3c uerspate industry nde Dod. says Moca aos a take components 0% more cheapy than Bop ox Amer >>THEARAB WORLD » canoneswithoutanylossofqualy Atpesntielndusry con Sitofeboutaog companies wets employees snd lon worth of export 2020,hepredits twll more than doublein soe Morocco sl asf tog. Mach ois geal, whlch axpope about ok of he wosrs ain a anda ought {Hissemonhes knocked back prin iom 43% in 204 0a fore {stores i yor Foegn ieventom mt contend wane ‘tench incumbent a-udng he royal aml age hls ‘upugh meth goby soc nase os oand Sige naga: ‘lene Latin foro he King ven se Mrs shows ay ‘amin thaiswrey needed srs he Atbreion. © Religion The new strife ‘Theres but one God, yteiferentformsoffslamare ‘ightingforthelrownversoncf him ‘THE BOMBASTIC POSTERS and statues of Saddam us ‘tan disappeared long apo. Yow te mast vsblelconap ply intaghdadsof Ak ann Hussein cured blow ‘everdy Sine aetw af th hil eaders slam ae Aesth he Prophet Mahammat Once hesato egret Sus ‘lcriphate ncerthe Abad Oss oh as become a ‘isbly sac InSrddom' ime Shi wer anata oruyagiogoonthe sookm pigmage fom the epi 6 Karbala: now the ys ‘alnronds are dose ocr for Ashura, big shales, be ‘auseso many peopesetoffon longa. Thecedieof Shia Sehr lied nutes optst he Sut halt ae loaded Still mouring fc Husseln ont carsand axis and drvenin poco tobe buried ine [another hot hyn the tout abot soln vay Sin baghdad howe nace tht oer yer oma ‘lance that ha deren many of them ot ind ach Shia hy Balam dststfl even de bert inning. Tha two berches of sam spt ring Ue ea fa, & st over he suction (0 the opt Marimad. Sos {ll atthe endership passed dw the ine fhe fo as ‘ha gt guided or peel cals who hd been te Pro pets companions abu Bake, Om Utena tnd only then 0 Bite Prophets cousin nd son nlawe Aer ht the made paseo the Unayyadsin Damascus lowed bythe Abbasids Intoghdee Stisenythesvecmcon asisuped Wshoulhare fussed tough the ay ofthe rphet, Sst A apd ltr sei But Al wastmureredin ut end bare esby ia [adherens Heenan abstain he Umayya {nbs and burned thereshence he mip fo Shas of the two ates Shin escersip then pase down sch of tous tat broke off fen pots rosin to thie ‘ecto heZaydi ire thelamailSevenee" anthems lny-iweleereIwefer Sham Deame the sate mon of he ‘san Sati rp, wich why hare Ss Arbon {regu he Sis afoegn enemies even nom Mash Shite er ston oxmercraon he a ‘yom of Aland Hussein, meting pub selPapaon- ‘They te often aecusedoevelingin amaabbinaynor "itn IhoodTere days howe tis ote nm Arabs who el and [behave lathe ndersoge Though they make phoma of usm Armbs, Soon shen fs! snanchieIn the Ae Ieartand-steinedby the Shs msjonyn ag ander mando ‘urate the repme cf athar a Asean Shi minted by alaostes am otto of Shik, nimited Lebanon by ‘Hlabullah(e powerful biamilta and dspened andoceupied by Lae in Palestine. In ren they have been ected ro over Hout fies suena he Zaye : Tnvematonal ges of Sunnis ar shi ow conort ach oe ya. Tose tng or ‘Asad nade Shia ees Rom re. ‘hanisan ard Plt ey Hbalah {Id ser ofier of a's volo tty Gunde Corps xc), Api thse Stand wo broad groups the ads of [ami Sate maceupofvoluneers fom many coon, nd looeralianes of rin Sea bel apy spore ‘arving dees by neighbouring Sanh ines ny Saud Arb, Try 202 Jordan. suedebombngs, the oot ‘nan’ gulded mise, were fist adopted ‘bypoceHlbulah noes they werecor- ‘ed Palestinian samtsand are ‘Svouutasaico Sunn shat. Tso emorethan vere cxoscfor ‘whlch everyone claims tobe igh Bat Toh lla Bagene Rogan of Ostnd Unitesy oguesthathe tothe Arb ‘wot wil be determined bythe contest ‘erweenthreevesonrolsamthe Most Non Boththood and sls pasion (ot Sunn andthe Sha doce of he Sule of the jurspudent A lesst wo cher wends ee para to Gee Box. expe islam holds rat poll power Muhanumad wes or oolyarelou peo ‘eee ton onde foes seb driegent ng geet te hintaan bed Sart tnoweertsinchrennamcooin ‘Rensstpteniom ocr) aaah ana Cette anna benete Pcin Sh titan ae fomten a Sorc) (iets, rte conserve Sinn mover seks toemdate the Prophet unaadsahisearet len coll tah (esters). Keecotasr9 tioned ‘Baye partners. nearer bypevodalston ourssucsSau Ars, whose es ance ‘ith thepurtaal sad woven the Matra eqlesstbandef sts can ‘einolantonmec rots amit ‘Sipperteita aad Bu such ‘abhi grey donot talngeSunl ‘abruesdretyithe ove cous, ‘Vardonthepemeandsfeon nes sumsyponecxtahabin Sout Abi, » phetbut ab temporal ruler and waa: lam ws speed by boththe word and thesword Formany Masimstlamisno:)ut ‘pesonal anh butlsoaoerin for rgansings perfec ‘ty the Wester notion ofseparstng eligi fom polis sve (ded as nonsense Musims red helio as God’ fal evelon andthe Koran as hs actual word Some goaos ‘his tend towne eri. -Masiin reformer otek t Bay oven the "sword vtec" “ay te ola wherever YOU find hemor had eologes dss chs am “nthe ea yearsaerindependence rab monarchies en sted the support of te Musi retharhod slat aon Igsandlefiss tamigafourshedahertesoy rar whealss tls witory dicedted. nationals Thee" 979 Mas Datla eventful yp lg pesceteay wih elt ‘hich presides, Arar Sua wares by aris ‘yaolahKomell cae to power tan, ene Musk ‘nals fall sors ubajman a uy led' poup of adel funmerinscamgthepandmosqueiasesca anlcling othe Seethow of he Hout of Saud snd th Soviet so evaded ‘ighanisn, whic romped the Saul and Aerie sup orthose wasing/tad aptstihecommunist. The ata of American oops Saudi Anbla a 990 ecing fone or ewan fo years ee Suda ‘heck set Onua bin Ladon on theroadol pha aust Americ, ‘Al Que’ tack on that outey i 004 povaked George W. ‘esalopedintecostutn tana: ro spor rangeofpares ad nts raring to ula netanen {Bsovalsaparttatdonratathe ‘arertiracoton whether atthe obey subecbe toielgcte for. Terran Adtincandsometines al ‘Sho tonesyesaroand nea (r= ‘douserenc) he grapaftte most eso shang Gane eA Sion tein ng, testa lnoderehmosstas especialy gions Spomat"Bttorhowmuch ger” Seana ee eee Soe eines ere Soest sagan eae ele ees es Spimataceed gee neitanen ee SUR ree errant Sore Gano eerste SSS cuaeegen emer peer nu iietarnenenaiegnnnis Deeg ameter aon ee aap ae Seta areata Ssiameeienseeeser ame eet ay eae ee SERS Rue ccerns Sens Ree me ieee oe Eun eeoeneeomes as Secaegenenpraeseareane Sick Keligescpenetesea Caer Sirs mmeceeinneenesaeen ead, ovetuing the sectarian blcals nonecounty TREARAO WORLD he emenence of was starting omabac for # powp tht had been al Ea cestoped By Amer ary ge" ing 200708 sell was rekindled by three core Ames’: ‘eto in 20 the leaanchisee ‘ex of Sunnis he Shia pee mini {eyo ea, who pace te sy fares cated by Americ and the wok farbreakdownof Syria whichaloweds rr ee Themergngot the Syria and wack vrai ane conte aes se Ulances ian seed to deen bth the overments in Baghdad ed ia Dumas ft Amer sale wth a buat Testi hors pnt he yan ene ‘us unys i ptings buts mony saving Bashar a Assad from other rebels Syst Rar ore alied wis Amedca against "Saati ssa gas heel ‘Suunirlrs ape the Asaick ste themsevsenc sled malign Shins fom a's peeled aterp!to sirup Sa ‘sin abn org Syria, Lebanon and Verena Wags 0 Tees the Pea erpr” sas one seni: Sul oficial sua Aris weno worn eran afar the Hows sled he {apa Sanaa and moved lke the precy of Adee nya ‘Beanie, Saud Asia od worked dossly wit Tey fo {ur the mnseam Syrian res no 4 moe coherent ce, biped by deters of Amedeanmadeartankassls. One ‘maton the AlSavdsactasthehumapionof ie Sunnleause ss eer nya tht hey ae upg dr young Sur ‘esa fromDaesh Tran fri per grateful Syraesthe only Arbcountey tastadwith Gog tie log vet gig td sesios inlouggetorsbulah butt sual vous tong lena ‘erwin weak sates ain Lebanon. And hese dys Habu lah daim be he rai lald ans sell Mulan ncovncing instead hasbacome thespearp athe shi. ren where threo StaSuna securin vie thee uy and Qatar ae he prime suppor tthe United Amb Emus A toeleser event Sua Armbia oppose them Inthe divided It is often said that Shias cannot believe they have won power and Sunnis cannot accept they have lost it, which perhaps makes the strife more vicious eee ee er Secon aera sa Soe aaa es eee roe eee crea Sie pees teens SS ee eecenae Chee sateen Marching forthe caliphate snanew ge andra lege neded oc ini, Cah pry npr the Bothethood butnolone profit novetire tons had won sph potvows ne onsttuntstemblyeleionofsonand raed {abou coalon As uct wales gered pce an Mors we overthown,Eab evetly yl on srt ‘ous! the cmt, lowing to bees soe scalar inte pry ad waned thandedovert secnocat po ernie s0y sete constunonwasapesd pon "owes nly avded ses plea aon te lng appoint sida lo goermecin over of ayer ‘Mpurelabroadcountertdcalusioneforsraspetr {oat osblancsin aos he Moreen hasbeen pedal eng Gacconolofthemnoague Anew shoo! fr [Ets ice oes ones mb aban Alia el ts fest and Beg, pened in abana sels ‘Soe u node tho my based on Mors Ma iodo! hou and crcaly epee of eng Ronalstrsas "commoner of rar "tha ao begun ponceting rope ain ween ssmevnies pial counsel One hen wha ot ‘fun to senamed; explained tht br ak was to ask wih ‘omen andcunonareegeot sex idudngtecy and Edvungcogebuse"Wesomiinescome scr geeache ho PMomuteradeal mesage Webaveve mrvens tol exo “Binge the dsr When we red {heroes morons dls we ‘venotces tai dropped “er tata wl be i siaed by tome eases ty phoney ‘fae Mail he campaign steme's Ce having sme pact ake exer ce of dels Chad, «Sa eacherno mosarsied aera seis of oe bombings ‘ESoilmesta soy neared noping bad whch de ‘slices wings donee nga belenow {iggy stssg ona voyaba sha pty aod he Dertart and Sool Moverent Gunded by some pole ‘oamisooey Wn te ofa years hehope oan ‘Seconsandbasentbeprocen of arcigsonet sa stk {Epuansonnains of samy stance, ougitaboutin pathy ‘Esoftasorofcosseen sere inpary be Sete ‘ett lng andinpar by hood serein ig arte pial al “iny al slo eh rt dene he ‘Bonar saps Mr Chey "We consid: Nore oe an iticmede- evn wiht donig bas” From Beirut to Baghdad ‘Americas tired poicng the Arab word an vie ‘versa Butpulingoutcouldbejustasbad THE EBANESE ARE doing tht bet to forget shout thet char onl the hinges the borden wore notsoworyigly dsetohome Mr mensmen othe its ‘tthe war ior so-areat ower atnks andar pieces Sacked at eoktber tnd sen enaredineoncrte 2 eked ‘ut of sah up he mountain overlooking Bett Te ol fo linethroug thc centre sbingbut oreneven he roma tem xone Fung ae ing slowed toto be replaced Miuyiatornchvsctentecae he oxeid wold obese opten about the Leb- anese var. Vet cons many forewarnngs abo the agony ‘he arab wordtoday ste wasence thought ssexptor ‘Now mach of he rer rescent is ger snd aser ver Son ofLabinon:onancentland thane quarelingetnc nd regan groupe. Thoxe who though te Syrian ficaor, Bushar assed, would guy be overtown dd not eckon my PY The en ofan abs, and sero withthe netwodk of minoresamong the Christians and fAmbenresidtatsmenbet loo muchbisory Ameseans remember ‘oat Lebanon asa warning about he dangers Of mltaryInerverdonin anata pandioemision inthe Nidale Eas: When George We Bus eeay inde ag fn 2o0y-thinkng hal removing Sans seta wool mae the ‘word steam eos andspread demxracy to cue thes (ofthe Arab wod-be dd nt heed the lessons of Amerie’: ‘blandereintebanon to decade ene ‘hen Amis ent foro elu the heads mln sional frets oversee the evacuation of faesinan ges [sae invaded pea. Proved by Pesan ata, ioe ought ose malay supremacy to tansor thereon ‘would enc the xo aod Spins fom Lebanon: nal anew Tebanese president Bashir Gemayel, under tom 3 peace ‘eat withthe Jewish state woald beignets and push lest fam eae to adopt the ea hat Jordsn-not the tel oc ed tertones-is Plesine ting tested the deport o therwoin Augustiga Amerkanand baopean foresee ‘oa Buvtheyeumed aerabomb pesumaby plated by yr [lla Gemayel und a yevenge, halangt mists fom Ris Maronite Cision communi massacred hundreds f 10 thotsands of Palestinian liissin fenton forces, “Aoaieaseffar brokers shaved setiemen bavwesn ‘sae and Lebanon in ay and tele Lebnese vert smantfrces against Sj and sied miss, sckeatdeeper Intothe warn place of Paesian goupsthee emerged anew and more vious religious foe, Mabullay sn anian-spom Sored sla mila poneeed the use af specaclr suse. ‘ome nthe Ais wud The American embssy on the cor ide wasblownupin Agus ond he Us matine Dae ws Stoyed In October that year, he French and the toa wee So atacked snd the imrnulonal forces soon wide In sooo Habla are the els outa south ebnon, ei ingkudosacosete Arab wore Thereisileleof Amera'srsumatedpesage tough Ber Tern ofthe embsuy bulldnghave ben paced by & Bocofianuy ats. The old Marines bases now 4a pry Arcericandilemas work ence nn improved fotod forapound cn the slopes of oun! Lebanon with anésnper ‘allot protecthem ar they valttom on bling nother, ‘Among those who sured te 989 embstty bombing ‘wasthethenheadofthe poli serton Ryan Crocker eet ‘aved as Ameren’ amnesad to ag ad was celebrated 3s “hmerens wrens of Ani frhisae Guin te American “are” of force tat elped orgs te faingiiny enter prs Inalmy tne have emt to things be says" care Flwhat you exit, and be atleast scarf what you gt ot (f* He in tat the Amero intvenon te Lebtren stn ‘ote achan af evens Amerea could not cool andi ei ‘sion of ing America’s hurd depart om Lebanon aso Seta precede, showing hat he superpower nl be defeated tyros and proxy actors Systran and Hilla learot tReleson and played tbaco ws aiog” sys Crocker ya Ueitated stacks on Amesean trope ning by oF ved, and Tm supporedtheatahd Ars ashi ‘Under utc Obara, ceed ona promise to end the ist ‘ning, Ames ful wis rom the cour in Decrber 2a now lols reese Osun dvoed tte tne tat [America wat leeing bend a able county Bu Faq's Shia Sunn! and suds paisa eer o nao sectarian i: ‘sein which as sock pus Sempromse ra cones Stor econcssion i deleatand def der” ‘Mr Obama's cance be daw no smother warn» Syraisundersusdabe “Dont do nupidehi becacehisman- ic bursyra hap so shows the danger of exer iar owe Oba esd prs ttake iar acon aan heSyanpresent,tasaral scdeven ari ASsadin200 sedi Oat dine og chemi weer {alteesem asweptacon aginst tar Obama Compeledto sind Amescan foes bucking, i Obona has ad a prt no Ea. ae been porssran agement wf fan hat is nla po” [posune oat best suspen fora decade ore Obama ESFSonting end the fon Sat the dea) mig Shonen molten hr and tig len ames eacae ure Mor aalstal be mans achieves mor bleed intone Beean mn and the Arby snying hat hey wil fave thu the pon To Amen waditnal alles both ‘nb ronarles and el, this oo as though Amexea i Mis aa fdr) angels it SS epee wscet ea ane Manors crotry err Aioreosars Ronee oe ee ane ‘Sch adyscon eta Tethers ca igs eis Hew livataneroniots porumytndsimsn acetone rer {freedamacing mari rate 2008, ‘rg ain wie weg ainsi ompag ‘Setar beentoe iets Passars byectngatecandtimasbetvee Ca tthe en eed stassone saaiewent totum aalPaesine, yptscunpingitacingaatsa, Sendo ie attain ite aia a Spa as embeldened Ares fs, thy sayy readies 0 Simpttoa Mubarkin gypihesraed tens urbana spay weary ot merc longest lesen tom detndng Cus pls ying Inst a acemungy possible pane bet sae nd he Fie Aked whee Sud Ambit yar Amen fond, ‘Mr obumaseereplle-scompleated” Helton wih fae oo have bear far fom siighbeward y tying Pal ‘icktom hereon Mr Obama bas leapce ooh ep Jn'snuiarsiaengendinan create proxy conte ‘ihn mvedin deloyageea nde {Brest suppr te Syganepme Forte moments Rusia thai playing tec ofhegeton athe addleEan seeing ‘ethers of he warand he peace flow, "amera's enshope arth new preidenttobecleced ‘november vil ake antoreacte te eran lary Gi » ton the Democratic fontrunaet hs sounded more awh Shehasadvoeuedarmingent-sadiebelsandinosagnody Zones in Syria Donald Trump, te Republican canst, hs Sarpy ettesed telandeal undspeaisof he need:owage's ‘rar apt ais sla ete aye Amer shoal eal, Fromintenening abmadand weet wit ss, Ta eal the optorsforlncerventonavenarovd, now ‘haus sothe goundandintearinSyia The nese ‘Another Arab couniry And America can now do without Arab ious emain poe gba ery cede fecisonthe word economy So he nex presidents acons may ‘ote mich to of rh wh edge Spec reso Sy, Having lng denounced Ame ner {erence Arabs mayind thats absencelseren wats Thefutue What is the Arabic for democracy? Endless obstacles to politcal freedom remain “THE REVOLUTION WAS fr nothing, We chaned one fal ofthievestormany families of thieves Taseouney depends on oursm, Now there ae no tuft” Sud ise ‘beth jadgmentof ne valblderon Avenue sho Sauulba ‘Tank, seeneof many potest dang he soaevoiin (Onthe ace oft Tis as mace an adc wansiton {i democracy. poal partes have kept the omseasus ‘hrs contested wo ound of elecons and abel by the ‘esl ut the economy as languished, nd pots asim ‘meting once more fn he depute nel: othe cous. oan, fer Tniiahas been luc tis ieling be stably next Alooc in iby: migra workers have st hel obs ter, while ‘heallimporanfsrem incuety hasbeen ned by peed ‘erorisatncis Anatempuahlarcby blac Sate teeth town of Ben Gueéane coset the Libyan bores sled the ‘oun furte coalition factious staging aera ex nomierforms And herulingpary Nias Tous hssltafer lide more hana yearn power inpatis because there tum of ebadoldhab: Presidente ald sit! sees tobe ying to sas ‘on, Hafedh ais pola ba Sil Tania counts as sues com pared with the messin oer counles ‘hseasofheilesterin so forall the Aisappesnment and sorow i the years afer the Ab uprisings is dito Image te repon ering thelrancbity ofthe decueabe ‘oreaon Autherarianism stad butmanySatsareto weak td agente, and access olafomation oo whigsions fort ‘opounchalenged fring. ‘This spec eprthas argued that he callapse of epost colonial Arebsjtem st hear a csof legacy Them Pact of coloutan, fen bled by Arab fr thes woes, $rouldnotbean inpediment te woes ul ofenunies orth Bleastodes snd odd bodes Ant goverment wilhawe 9 ‘oun the tas of hele nen Fr, they wll hve fo deliver Dre stindards of iving by overcoming evens stem alt sieeve to getover ther dependenes on AUSSI 30 Forall the disappointment after the Arab uprisings, itis hard to imagine the region reverting to the immobility before 2011 THCARAB WOK D ‘much es subi and contain of production, sd much ‘mor sfegurdinga! hematoma sue thtronies do aot ‘apfure te ecnomy Second goverumentshavetogan consent ‘Roup democracy Monareieshare cone beer bu ey ell ‘anna hoigttorl onthe basiofineniancs, “Tats democracy inthe Aab wotd aes two peu buses The isis the fea of slamist partes king pow ut Suppress ter canbe wore. lg lamentabycaeslig fal leon to heed of tery by nami is Fesshings lng rsgency With he sor autonom, Pals lansfeli a ple version of ab autortainism teresa Iya tah movement actept the try oy Ha "asin the paramentny eleenon of 2006 odo ermal, fnvdhe seeing of Gua fom the West an The miliary coup uinst the Masi rothehood in Egy, mean, has Sfatedan even oppree an cicna nt “Tunas fuck wa fo haves beter aay Gt stayed ia bat sack) and beter smi ore abl fo work wit seals) "Any sates an arm n gy he sry has 2” nes ached Ghannoact the lender of Eonahda in Tuna He no Jonge ese be cal pola arash prefers" democrat because, he says, tere are Muslims who ae aot ‘lemocrat He sresserthe ned force operation wih other par ‘lscintgyptthe post reotason cneutonwnsfnee oh dylan Tis tough passed with thebackng see stars “te ¢ nomal stable demoaary, ling wits 5° Is ‘ough Buin anarcert democracy of wansion sna enough Souneedeonsenrue™ ‘second stambling block or democracy ste very of ‘cab people. in good testes for sn amiable mute ‘Gals Bu hee dayral groups Beare ie embatied minor les "Repreenative Goverment John Soa il gues les that tee stone ae aex fo mposablem a coy "ue u of diferent navonalties” beet, ae pt he ‘aetna ete ache ei of rere, themin diferent ways and each eatsmorenfry oie {Eom the otheenatonaises than fom te common abt the sate Inthe sb word ech poup ars thatrvl wl epee thesatetsceonomiervoureneandasove lege. Theory secrson eras and decentalisation ight clr some resrane to minors, Under & modern day Syles ent opeement ing might broken up nts Koda, {eahesorth Shiartaninthe ruth andSunnieaninthe west Sy ‘ould yptint an Alawiran slong the Modenanean and Sunnistanothe wes wilchmigt merge with he lal ones Darshhasalready done tn Saud arabia the morefbaaljas fn the Ree Sea andthe Ste inthe Easera Province ght be fJadtoberdofhe Wahhabis fers the canal Nd ‘One problem wih such nots stat most of the ol ‘would be nthe hands of hiss Ablager dculy star bome- eit is impossble im lands where etic and set can ‘hang om one village tothe nec shifingtheines may te ssmny jase as fuels and couldieadionew cies Ssesth de reo ped wht anand ease ero of ur ‘wanted minodues. The prio of Past, the exchange of Populations between Tukey and Grece andthe Slkan wars rea warnngothow easly tiscanbappenener Troublesome as they have been the postcolonial borers have proved durable prty because fw nave dared (0 change ‘hemfand century hasbeen ongenoughornatonadentis {otakerootosome degree, Thespeadofthe Ars uprsingsmay hoe demonstated the swoog bonds among Abs in dere Counrieg but the demand onthe eet war change within ‘nasonl ner, not ihe abelito of the modera sae Brent (Otoman tes lige par of the enpie were moe ose au ‘onomous Atempis0 mene moder tes alec—notably he ‘sig yp and Sy nie nied Arab apubl of 956 For the most part Aube Seer content wh multiple noma, inguin elgosl denies ‘specially the highly bterogeneous Fre Crescent part of hese wile in devalvng range of powers om ‘ental poernnentio regions andprovinest ensue atspe ‘Sc groups do not fel frannled bythe maori or even by ‘ther mireitas Most Arabs tact federal "We Rave ‘eathed ine poot where map arebelg dwn” bamoens Wa {id Jumblat, Lebanon's Druze leader "Ths te old ons eames the whole dle fax nto secariancantons Toate bepertofagrater rab wold” ‘So fa, almpis to decentase power have not wovked ‘wel The peclareommanally based paitsof Lebanon undet ‘aly be couney has ben unable to et president fre paso Years evenpiyp herubbishin some areas. "Novas tags federal modal saved is wounds The ard ‘shscplon andthe federal goverment in Shad are wane ‘buecrne war ove evenue, And even among the Sin ‘hetebave been bul prtetsaguat the corrupt han Spals sytem under which powers dstibuted to maintain thn seca bales an each pry sedis oral the central overnment trough conta sn appointments Many Shinn ‘ho once supported federelsm, now embrace cenasation, ‘ut some sul Arse now the underdogs belatedly advocate ‘hecetonofs Sunnlfederalegon. ‘Aa sts could do with mare supranational integration ‘0 open muskets nd spur powh- Asa pala body he Arab {augue tute Buttman Aas amie he European Union [owing umber of Buropeans. fot leat bose of Aad er (ees European sory provides ome soacet Arab before te enent unite, waged was ‘ren blooder hnshoss the A [sare enduring And as ome fare saring to) acaowiedge. ‘here anther eson fm rope: democracy sth ass for ‘store ni ‘Democratic progess and conan efor shod bee ‘raged in Tulse and oe fo. These are small counties, ‘bc the uprisings of 3 showr ‘betamalleoumtercam serves 2 toatl for others. Nex pres ‘um needs fo be exer zpos pth oe form Onein four Abate bay ‘hn fhe country does wet ‘et herein: coe ‘would bea thet toa nd Eg Buop tw Rard tome el pres before the many Amb ‘was re stoped. Optimists ope hatte potal a an Bereconsrucedpleeby piece 2 ce sponsored unity govern ‘Bans uyingoesablsh alin Libya. Maybe he latest case. Stein Yemen wl hol. feraps the Syrian peace tals wl mewhere There maybe some hope nthe pho agi Ss Genounchg hair policansand hesectaran moses, ‘Andi ya, when ceeies alow eeething space cree tive taentodhestetsiniebel eld towns to demand feedom Indefance ofboth the egme and poweraljadie age as Burgh now ts aero snow css erupang than existing ones beng resolved. oak ev Algeria could al ‘gan once fs nesrinvibe presen, [betas Bowel, pases away La ‘non and Jondan mgt succumb fo war ‘onuplonand thecal warberween an fhe Saud Artis might tn ot ove svoeinlden the cil war in Lebanon is ay: ‘ang goby the warn sia coul est foranotter dada the Lenses egory ‘was brought io a cose inno by sua ‘opolical change: Syria was permite tecnuh belasremaiing Chstantesis ‘noe it Laban ner joing the twa to berate Kava rom Sdn Bu Insyea there seems 10 be no exten forc-not even Rusca-that wil slew tithe balance sual ocr Sue a vietory by anyone ie. Oude powers wl not be able to fx he Aa rel even they ante. But he at ‘nets infos rate sid taba show thatthe worl anno ford a enore the abe ecsentalcraie