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Groundwater Hydrology: - Water in Natural Formations
Groundwater Hydrology: - Water in Natural Formations
• Porosity
• n = (Vt-Vs)/Vt = Vv/Vt
Vt= total volume of the soil or rock
Vs=volume of solids in the sample
Vv= volume of openings (voids)
• Expressed as percentage
SPECIFIC YIELD AND RETENTION
n=Sy+Sr
Sy=Vd/Vt
Sr=Vr/Vt
n=porosity
Sy=specific yield
Sr=specific retention
Vd=volume of water that drains
from a total volume of Vt.,
Vr is the volume of water retained
in a total volume of Vt
Vt=total volume of a soil or rock sample
Specific Yield and Retention
• Porosity: maximum amount of water that a
rock can contain when saturated.
Personal
consumption 1 cm/year
(2640 persons/km2; 10L/person/day)
Demand
Irrigation 60 cm/year
BGS, 2001
Domestic
use
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Domestic irrigation
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