WORKBOOK TRANSFORMATIONS ‘There are four types of transformation to consider at GCSE: TRANSLATION Described by: the vector Vector is (?) oi2345678 9100 REFLECTION Described by: the mirror line Mirror line is x= 6 oi2345678 9100 ROTATION Described by: the angle and the centre 90° clockwise Centre at (6, 1) oi234567 8 9 ion ENLARGEMENT Described by: the seale factor and the centre Scale factor =2 Centre at (1, 2) CID sas 67 89H **Note that the ‘new’ shape, which is the result of the transformation, is called the ‘image’.TRANSLATION Enjoy + Improve + Succeed ‘A translation is described by a vector. The following table shows some of the translations from the grid above: Mapping _| Description 4 Twa Translation, by vector | > 0 TtoB Translation, by vector | ¢ 6 Tw Translation, by vector | ¢ } -9 ToD Translation, by vector | _} 9 DwT Translation, by vector |Enjoy + Improve * Succeed SPEED ACTIVITY 1 ‘The diagram shows several translations of triangle T: fit | D P| a LIZ» 1. Complete the table to describe the translations: Tow E (3 Tonto F i -# Tomo (4) T onto H (2 2. Onthe grid: (a) Translate triangle T by the vector ( 4 Label the new triangle P 4 (b) Translate triangle T by the vector || © | Label the new triangle Q 3 (©) Translate triangle T by the vector Label the new triangle REnjoy + Improve + Succeed REFLECTION the other side of a mirror line. Reflections are described by stating the equation of the mirror line. Note that in GCSE the mirror line may vertical, horizontal or at a 45° slope: Vertical line Shape flips back-to-front Horizontal line Shape flips upside-down Diagonal line — Difficult to describe — almost certainly a | sometimes looks a bit like yex 45° line a rotation, but it’s not! REFLECTIONS IN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINESEnjoy + Improve + Succeed The following table shows reflections from the grid on the previous page: Mapping Mirror line TtoA TwB Toc TtwoD Coraw THE Mmueke LINES ON The Geid[ REFLECTIONS IN THE AXES AND IN THE LINE Y= X. The following table shows reflections from the grid above: ‘Mapping Description TtoL TwoM Reflection, in line|x = 0)(aka ‘the y-axis’) | Reflection, in linely = O\(aka ‘the x-axis") ~~~ TtoN Reflection, in line y =x| “ Coeaw Tie Mien CiNes oNTO ThE Gk]. Enjoy + Improve + Succeed SPEED ACTIVITY 2 Look at the diagram: 1 Tonto A y=é T ontoB mel Tonto C Y -se TontoD a aH 2. Onthe gri (a) [Reflect trapezium A in the line Label the new trapezium E. Label the new trapezium E, _ (b) {Reflect trapezium B in the line x = 4 Label the new trapezium F. (© _ | Reflect trapezium B in the line a | Label the new trapezium G. (@) | Reflect trapezium A in the axis Label the new trapezium H.Enjoy + Improve + Succeed ROTATION ion of turn and Rotations are described by the angle turned, bed by the angle turned Yatawas, Mapping Description TtoP Rotation, 90° anti-clockwise [roQ/ Rotation, 90° clockwise TtoR| Rotation, 180° Leite digection | T USE TRACING PAPER TO HELP YOU WORK OUT ROTATIONS]Enjoy + Improve + Succeed More example: ‘The transformations above can be described in the following ways: Mapping __| Description THe] | Rotation, 90° clockwise, centre (5, 6) Rotation, 180°, centre (5, 6) - eitheR Rotation, 180°, centre (2,7) J Dig eerion | Rotation, 90° clockwise, centre (-2, 7)Enjoy + Improve + Succeed SPEED ACTIVITY 3 Look at the diagram: 2 | cam “ * “Fee Cct \ | if ob T-o TS] [4 | 2 |p 2 [x Complete the table 1 destiiBe To dione: Tonto A igo° N/q (4 S) Tonto B 4o° ANTI-Cladkioise| (5,5) Tonto C igo° Nla (~lt} TontoD 130° N\A C43 Tonto E 0° Clockwise dy +) On the grid: (a) Rotate trapezium C 90° anti-clockwise about the point (~6, 6). Label the new trapezi (b) Rotate trapezium B 90° clockwise about the point (10, 3) Label the new trapezi (©) Rotate trapezium C 180° about the point (-5, 6) Label the new trapezium) @) Rotate trapezium T 90° clockwise about the point (5, 6) Label the new trapezium|S,Enjoy + Improve + Succeed ENLARGEMENT Although we usually think of an enlargement as making a shape bigger, an enlargement Could bea, ihe iene are An enlargement is described by its scale factor and the point from which the shape enlarges (known as the centre) ——— Example 1: twe THINGS | KH Cee When a shape is enlarged, the original and the enlargement are said to be ‘sim © the angles stay the same; ‘the sides all increase by the scale factor; * the distance of each of the vertices from the centre increases by the scale factor. ‘The transformations in the grid above can be described in the following ways: Mapping _ | Description [rto¥ | | Enlargement, scale factod2, centre (0, 0) [TtoZ) _ | Enlargement, scale factor\3} centre (0, 0) 10Enjoy * Improve + Succeed Example 2: ‘The transformations in the grid above can be described in the following ways: Mapping _| Deseription TtoA Enlargement, scale facton 2eentrd (17, yi TtoB Enlargement, scale factor 3,Jcentrd (9, 3)SPEED ACTIVITY 4 Look at the diagram: Pere Enjoy ¢ Improve + Succeed Is 1. Complete the table to describe the enlargements: T onto A 3 (14, lo ‘Tonto Bl LZ [iy 2) T onto C o-s (3, le) 2. On the grid: Enlarge shape T with scale fuctok 2 and centre Label the new shape X. a6, 13), (b) Enlarge shape T with scale fact nd centre, (7, 12).| Label the new shape Y. 12Enjoy + Improve * Succeed. MIXED TRANSFORMATIONS DESCRIBING TRANSFORMATIONS, SAMPLE QUESTIONS 1 1. The diagram shows some shapes on a coordinate grid: 15 Peer : 0 | s | | lo Tyas [2 | x Describe fully each of the following transformations (reifieriber to state the type of transformation): (@) \Ttoa REFLECTION , Migeok UNE oc=S Freep] RErLECTION, MIRROR LINE IS Y= (©) \Stoc ROTATION, \GO°, CENTRE IS ('3,8) @ {SwP] ROTATION, AP ANTI-cLockwisé, cane is (18,5) © |Tws TRANSCATION, VECDR “IS (%) ONDwT| RoTATION , q0° clockwise, CENTRE |S C13, 8) 132 Enjoy + Improve + Sueceed ‘The diagram shows some triangles on a coordinate grid; iP |. 5 Toe a 104 | . bt aie S _ | 4 | - 5 i, ° s TT 1 a Describe fully each of the following transformations: s wo [koe] ‘wasuation , vector 1s ( §) () (XQ REFLECTION, MIRROR LINE IS y=6 REFLECTION, MIRROR LINE IS 2 * te (c) \XtoR (@ Xto$ ENLARGEMENT, SCALE FACTOR IS 2 CENTRE 1S (0,15) (©) XwoT ROTATION Qo® antl~ CLo CWE centage 1S (6,6)Enjoy + Improve + Succeed DRAWING TRANSFORMATIONS SAMPLE QUESTIONS 2 1, Below is a coordinate grid showing a triangle: 18 soe 10 On the grid: (a) \Reflecthriangle $ in the lingy = 4 Label the new triangle A (b) [Reffect langle S in the tinekx = 6 Label the new triangle B (© [Rotate triangle $(90 clockwise around the point{(14, 6)| Label the new triangle (@ [Translate briangle $ by the vector ( 8 Label the new triangle D (©) (Reflect'riangle S in the lingy = x | Label the new triangle E © [Eargerianee s witha fat land centre\(6, 4)] abel the new triangle 15Enjoy + Improve + Succeed 2. Below is a coordinate grid showing a quadrilateral: is | | { I > 1s x On the grid: (@) [Reflect uadrilateral Q in the liney =x] Label the new triangle R (b)_ [Reflect quacirilateral Q in the line|y = 10 abel the new triangle S (© (Enlarge|quadrilateral Q with{scale factor 3jand centre (0, 6)| Label the new triangle T (4) (Translate quadrilateral Q by the vector || !5 Label the new triangle U 6 (©) (Rotate quadrilateral opr anticlockwise around the point|(13, 12) abel the new triangle (8 (Reflect huadrilateral Q in the line} = 12 abel the new triangle WEnjoy + Improve + Succeed a (@) On the grid lenlargelriangle{P, with a scale factor 3[and|centze (3. 4) Label the new triangle Q. 4 -8 (©) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle P’onto triangte R. ENUAGEMENT, SCALE Factor 3, CENTRE C 159) On the gridreflect triangle Qlin the lindx = 9 Label the new triangle S. (©) Onthe gridranslateleciangle [Q)by the veotor Label the new triangle R. @@) () © «) Enjoy + Improve + Succeed T | + tT Al | rl TI o $ 10 13 On the grid|reflect friangle!P in the lind y = 11 Label the new triangle Q. On the grid reflect|triangle!Plin the tinely =x / Label the new triangle R. On the grid rotate triangle Q|through 90° clockwise|about the poink (8, 12)] Label the new triangle S. Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle R’onto triangle S Rotation, $O°, CENTRE IS (4,0)Enjoy + Improve + Succeed 5. oY ae \@|_ Describe fully the single transformation, which maps triangle F onto triangle Q. Rotation , 0° ANTI-CLOCUWISE CENTRE (0,0) (© | Om the grid franstate|tiangle|Q by the veetor | ‘ Label the new triangle R. — a (c) Describe fully the single transformation, which maps triangle P onto triangle R. ROTATION, YO? ANTI~ CLockuisé , CENTRE (3,1) \@| On the grid, enlargeltrianglelP hwith scale factor 2 dnd centre! (1, -5)) (Ce Label the new triangle 8. On the grid] rotatetriangle{Q through(180" About the poin{(2, 1)] Label the new triangle T. 19Enjoy + Improve + Sueceed | | 4 — > (a) Deseribe fully the single transformation that maps triangle P onto triangle Q. REFLECTION , MiRROR WWE IS Gicmd — Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle P onto triangle R. ENLARGEMENT, SCALE Facto? Z CENTRE (0,3) On the grid/reflect friangle R jn thely-axis./ Label the new triangle S. On the grid rotate friangle P(90" anti-clockwisé about the poiné (-1, 3)) LabelthenewshapeT. = &) = S A shape, P, islenlarged|by scale factor 3 to give shape Q. Which of the following statements are true? False ‘The angles in P and Q are the same. The lengths in P and Q are the same. Shapes P and Q are congruent. Qo |a]a7 oO qyqjo Shapes P and Q are similar. 20