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The Cell: A Molecular Approach
The Cell: A Molecular Approach
A Molecular Approach
Sixth Edition
©2013 Sinauer Associates, Inc. This material cannot be copied, reproduced, manufactured
or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
Brief Contents
©2013 Sinauer Associates, Inc. This material cannot be copied, reproduced, manufactured
or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
Contents
Preface xix
Organization and Features of The Cell xxi
Media and Supplements to Accompany The Cell xxiii
Part I Introduction 1
CHAPTER 1
An Overview of Cells and
Cell Research 3
The Origin and Evolution of Cells 4
Summary and Key Terms 39
The first cell 4
The evolution of metabolism 6 Questions 40
Present-day prokaryotes 8 References and Further Reading 41
Eukaryotic cells 9
The origin of eukaryotes 10 CHAPTER 2
The development of multicellular organisms 13
Cells as Experimental Models 17 The Composition of
E. coli 17 Cells 43
Yeasts 18
Caenorhabditis elegans 18 The Molecules of Cells 43
Drosophila melanogaster 19 Carbohydrates 44
Arabidopsis thaliana 19 Lipids 46
Vertebrates 20 Nucleic acids 49
Tools of Cell Biology 22 Proteins 52
Light microscopy 22 Cell Membranes 58
Electron microscopy 28 Membrane lipids 58
Subcellular fractionation 31 Membrane proteins 59
Growth of animal cells in culture 32 Transport across cell membranes 62
Culture of plant cells 36
Viruses 36
Proteomics: Large-Scale Analysis of Cell
Proteins 65
KEY EXPERIMENT
Identification of cell proteins 65
Animal Cell Culture 34
Global analysis of protein localization 67
MOLECULAR MEDICINE Protein interactions 68
Viruses and Cancer 37
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or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
Contents ix
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or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
x Contents
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or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
Contents xi
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or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
xii Contents
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or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
Contents xiii
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or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
xiv Contents
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or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
Part IV Cell Regulation 587
Contents xv
Part IV Cell
Regulation 587
CHAPTER 15
Cell Signaling 589
Signaling Molecules and Their
Receptors 589 Networks of cellular signal transduction 634
KEY EXPERIMENT
Modes of cell-cell signaling 590
Steroid hormones and the nuclear receptor G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Odor
superfamily 591 Detection 601
Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide 593 MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Neurotransmitters 594 Cancer: Signal Transduction
Peptide hormones and growth factors 594 and the ras Oncogenes 620
Eicosanoids 596 Summary and Key Terms 635
Plant hormones 598 Questions 637
Functions of Cell Surface Receptors 599 References and Further Reading 638
G protein-coupled receptors 600
Receptor protein-tyrosine kinases 603 CHAPTER 16
Cytokine receptors and nonreceptor protein-tyrosine
kinases 606 The Cell Cycle 641
Receptors linked to other enzymatic activities 607
Pathways of Intracellular Signal The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle 641
Transduction 608 Phases of the cell cycle 642
The cAMP pathway: second messengers and protein Regulation of the cell cycle by cell growth and
phosphorylation 608 extracellular signals 644
Cyclic GMP 611 Cell cycle checkpoints 646
Phospholipids and Ca2+ 612 Restricting DNA replication to once per cell
The PI 3-kinase/Akt and mTOR pathways 615 cycle 647
MAP kinase pathways 617 Regulators of Cell Cycle Progression 647
The JAK/STAT and TGF-b/Smad pathways 623 Protein kinases and cell cycle regulation 647
NF-kB signaling 625 Families of cyclins and cyclin-dependent
The Hedgehog, Wnt, and Notch pathways 625 kinases 653
Signal Transduction and the Growth factors and the regulation of G1 Cdk’s 655
Cytoskeleton 628 DNA damage checkpoints 658
Integrins and signal transduction 628 The Events of M Phase 659
Signaling from cell adhesion molecules 630 Stages of mitosis 659
Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton 630 Entry into mitosis 662
Signaling Networks 632 The spindle assembly checkpoint and progression
to anaphase 666
Feedback and crosstalk 632
©2013 Sinauer Associates, Inc. This material cannot be copied, reproduced, manufactured
or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
xvi Contents
©2013 Sinauer Associates, Inc. This material cannot be copied, reproduced, manufactured
or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.
Contents xvii
©2013 Sinauer Associates, Inc. This material cannot be copied, reproduced, manufactured
or disseminated in any form without express written permission from the publisher.