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Title: Testing of Bituminous Mixture

Series: Bituminous Materials and Mixture Sub-Series
 Opening course title
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS AND MIXTURE SUB SERIES

TESTING OF BITUMINOUS
MIXTURES
Bituminous mix composition

92-95%
BITUMINOUS AGGREGATES
MIX =

5.0 – 8.0%
ASPHALT
Bituminous mix properties
• Stability
• Durability
• Flexibility
• Fatigue Resistance
• Workability
Four Four (4) Test Procedures
test procedures
1. Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen
from Bituminous Paving Mixtures
2. Mechanical Analysis of Extracted
Aggregates
3. Immersion Compression Test
4. Bulk Specific Gravity of
Compacted Bituminous Mixture
using Saturated Surface-Dry
Specimens
1st test : Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen

QUANTITATIVE
EXTRACTION OF BITUMEN
FROM BITUMINOUS
PAVING MIXTURE
Apparatus needed: Oven

You need the following apparatus for

this test: Oven capable of maintaining
0
the temperature 110± 5 C.
Flat pan of appropriate size to warm test specimens, Balances or Scales,
Weights, Beaker 1000 or 2000 ml. capacity,
Flat pan, etc.
 Electric hot plate with adjustable heating rate,
Electric hot plate
Extraction apparatus

Extraction apparatus consisting of a bowl and an apparatus in

which the bowl may be revolved at controlled variable speeds up
to 3600 rpm.
 Filter rings
Filter rings to fit the
rim of the bowl, and
gasoline.
Sample preparation

If the mixture is not sufficiently soft, place it in a large pan and warm
0
to 80 - 90 C.
Split or quarter it until the mass of material required for the
test is obtained .
Split or quarter sample
 Weigh sample

weigh 850 g of the

sample.
Place the samples into a
Test procedure : place sample in bowl
bowl and cover with
gasoline.
 Weigh a pair of
Weigh a pair of filter rings filter rings and
fit it around the
edge of the
bowl.
 Clamp cover of bowl
Then, clamp
the cover of
the bowl tightly
and place a
container
under the drain
to collect the
solvent.
Start revolving the centrifuge
Revolve centrifuge
slowly and increase the
speed gradually to a
maximum of 3600 rpm until
the solvent ceases to flow
from the drain.
 Add gasoline
Allow the machine to
stop. Add 200 ml.
gasoline and repeat
the procedure at
least three (3) times.
 Remove the filter ring from the
Remove filter and dry
bowl and dry it in air.
Brush off mineral matter
Brush off
mineral matter
adhering to
the surface of
the ring and
add these to
the extracted
aggregates.
Remove contents of the bowl

Finally, remove carefully all the contents of the bowl into a metal pan
and dry to constant mass together with the filter ring in an oven or on
0
a hot plate at 110± 5 C.
Weigh The mass of the
extracted
aggregate must
be equal to the
mass of the
aggregate and
mineral filter in
the pan.
Formula : % Bitumen Content
% BITUMEN W1 – W2 x 100
= W2
CONTENT

Where:
W1 = mass of the test
portion, g
W2= mass of sample after
extraction, g
2nd test : Mechanical analysis of Extracted
Aggregates

MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF
EXTRACTED AGGREGATES
 The apparatus needed are:
Apparatus needed : Balance
Balance,
 Set of sieves

a set of sieves and a container

First, place the dried and weighed test sample in a container
filled with water.
Test procedures :Place sample in container
Add sufficient amount of
Add wetting agent
wetting agent, such as
detergent or soap which
will promote the
separation of the
material.
Agitate vigorously Then agitate
vigorously the
contents of the
container and
immediately pour
the wash water
over a 0.075 mm
wash sieve.
Repeat the
operation until
the wash water is
clear.
 Return the
Dry washed aggregates materials retained
on the wash sieve
to the container.
Dry the washed
aggregate to
constant weight at
a temperature of
110 ±5º C and
weigh to the
nearest 0.1
percent.
 Sieve aggregates

Sieve aggregates over

sieves of various sizes
required by the specification
covering the mixture
including the 0.075 mm
sieve.
 Record weight of materials

Finally, record the weight of material passing each sieve,

retained on the next, and the amount passing the 0.075 mm
sieve.
Compute % passing
3rd test : Immersion Compression Test

IMMERSION
COMPRESSION
TEST
The apparatus to be used
Apparatus needed :Molds
are the following:
Molds, supports
Testing machine
Heating device

Heating Device,
 Oven
Oven capable of being set
to maintain any desired
temperature from room to
0
160 C,
 Water bath

Water bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 25±1 0C,

 Balance,
Balances, etc.
Spatulas,
and Timer
Place in large pan Place the bituminous mix in a
large flat pan and warm to
110±5 0C until it can be
handled or mixed.
Scrape the sample with a scoop or shovel from the bottom to
top at 180 degrees from each other and reduce the required
Reduce size of sample
size by remixing or quartering.
Weigh 2000 g. of sample Weigh at least
2000 g of the
sample. Note
that the mass of
the mix is
dependent on
the required size
of the cylindrical
specimen, 4" x
4".
Place sample
Thein oven
bituminous mix shall be brought to a
0
molding temperature of 124±3 C.
Wipe molds and plungers

Wipe the molds and plungers with

a clean cloth with few drops of oil
on it.
Place ½ of mixture in cylinderAs soon as the
materials have
reached the
required
temperature,
place one-
half (1/2) of the
mixture in the
pre-heated
molding cylinder.
 Bottom plunger in place
With the
bottom
plunger in
place and the
molding
cylinder
supported
with
two arched
steel plates .
 Spade the mixture

spade the mixture vigorously twenty-five times with fifteen of the

blows delivered around the inside of the mold and the remaining
ten at random over the mixture
 Transfer quickly the remaining half

Transfer quickly the remaining half of the mixture to the

molding cylinder and repeat similar spading action.
Use of spatula

The spatula should penetrate the mixture as deeply as possible.

Compress mixture

Compress the
mixture between
the top and bottom
plungers with an
initial load of 150
psi to set the
mixture against the
sides of the molds.
Apply entire load

Remove the support plates and

apply the entire molding load of
3000 psi for two minutes.
 Remove specimen from mold

Then, remove
the specimen
from the mold
with an ejection
device.
 Make at least four (4) specimens.
Make 4 specimens
After removal from the mold, specimens shall be oven-cured at
0
Oven cure specimen
60 C for 24 hours and allow to cool at room temperature for at
least four (4) hours.
4th test : Bulk Specific Gravity

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OF COMPACTED BITUMINOUS
MIXTURES USING SATURATED
SURFACE – DRY SPECIMEN
Apparatus needed : Balance, etc.
You need
the
following
apparatus
in
conducting
the test:
Balance,
Water bath,
and Timer.
 Testthe
To perform procedures: Determine mass of
test, you do the
specimen
following:
Determine the
mass of the
specimen in
air and
designate as, A.
 Immerse specimen in water
Immerse the
specimen in
0
water at 25 C
for three to five
minutes and
record the
immersed
mass, C.
 Remove the specimen
Remove specimen and dry
from the water, surface
dry by blotting with a
damp towel or cloth, and
determine the surface
dry mass, B.
Formula : Bulk Specific Gravity, Gmb
Bulk Specific A
Gravity, Gmb =
B-C
where:
A = weight in air, g
B = weight of saturated
surface-dry specimen
in air, g
C = weight in water, g
Index of Retained Strength
Sort each set of four specimens into two equal groups so that the
specific gravity in Group 1 is essentially the same as in Group 2.
Group 4 specimen into two
In Group 1 or Dry Stability, bring the test specimens to room
temperature for not less than four hours and determine their
Group 1 or Dry Stability
dry stability.
Test the specimens in axial compression
without lateral support at a uniform rate of vertical deformations
Test specimen in axial compression
of 1.3 mm per minute per 25 mm in height and use a rate of 5.1
mm per minute for specimen 100 mm in height.
 Group 2 or Wet Stability

In Group 2 or Wet Stability, immerse the test specimens in water

0
for 24 hours at 60±1 C.
Then, transfer them to the second water bath maintained at
0
Place in water bath
25±1 C and store them for two hours.
 Determine wet stability

Determine now the wet stability of the specimens.

Formula : Index of Retained Strength,%
Index of S2
retained = x 100
S1
strength, %

Where :
S1 = dry stability, kpa
S2 = wet stabilty, kpa