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inside a cell as you follow proteins in Cell Signals. Zoom along a three-dimensional rendering of
650,000 nucleotides of human chromosome in Chromosome 11 Flyover. Processes like DNA
translation, transcription, replication, and more are explained in interactive animations.
In the early days of DNA manipulation, DNA fragments were laboriously separated by gravity.
In the 1970s, the powerful tool of DNA gel electrophoresis was developed. This process uses
electricity to separate DNA fragments by size as they migrate through a gel matrix.