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TTT -

i-jati^flVI £>1jU <**' — V^li

1 — Baldwin : Le Developpement mental chez l'enfant et

dans la race (trad. fr.).

2 — Bally : Le Langage et la Vie.

3 — Bally : Precis de Stylistique.

4 — Berry : An Experimental study of Imitation.

f>— Bloch : Les Premiers stades du Langage de l'enfant


«J. de Psych. 1921».

6 _ Boas : Handbook of American Indian Languages, 2 vols,

Washington.

7 — Brandenburg Language development. :

8 — Breal Essai de Semantique.


:

9 _ Breal Melange de Mythologie


:
de Linguistique. et

10 Brockelmann : Precis de Linguistique (trad. fr.).

11 Claparede : Psychologie de TEnfant... etc.

12 — Clodd Story of the Alphabet (New York).


:

13 — Crammont Melanges : Meillet.

14 — Darmesteter La Vie des Mots. :

15 Darmesteter : L'Expression des Emotions (trad. fr.).

16 — Darwin L'Origine des Especes:


(trad. fr.).

17 — Dauzat La Philosophic du Langage.


:

18 — Dauzat Les Patois. :

19 — Dauzat La du Langage.
: vie

20 — Dauzat Etudes Linguistiques sur


:
Basse-Auvergne. la

21 — Delacroix Le Langage Pensee. : et la

22 — Dumas collaborateurs Traite de Psychologie.


et :

23 Durkheim : Les Regies de la Methode Sociologique.


- XXX _

24 — Durkheim : Les Formes elementaires de la Vie Reli-


gieuse.

25 — Durkheim : La Prohibition de l'lnceste, dans «L'Annee


Sociologique» T. 1.

26 — Gennep (Van) Essai d'une theorie des Langues Spe-


:

ciales (dans «Revue des Etudes Ethnographiques et So-


ciologiques»).

27 — Gillieron et Roques Etude de Geographie Linguistique. :

28 — Ginneken Principes de Linguistique psychologique.


:

29 — Gramont La Dissimilation.
:

30 — Gregoire Petit Trqite de Linguistique.


:

31 — Guillaum Limitation chez l'Enfant.


:

32 — Hermann (Paul) Etudes sur Changements Phone- : les


tiques.

33 — Hovelacque : La Linguistique.

34 — Jespersen : Language : its nature, development and ori-


gin.

35 — Jesperen The Progress of Language.


:

36 — Kohler Llntelligence des Singes Superieurs


: (trad. fr.).

37 — Larousse du XXe Siecle.

38 — Leroy Le Langage.
:

39 — Levy Bruhl Les Fonctions mentales dans : les Societ&


Primitives.

40 — Malinowski Primitive Language. :

41 — Mallery Sign Language among the


: North American
Indians.

42 — Marichelle : L'Enseignement de la Parole aux sourd-


muets.
43 — Meillet Comment Mots changent de Sens (dans
: les
«L'Annee Sociologique» IX, pp. 3-33). T.

44 — Meillet Les Dialectes Indo-Europeennes.


:

45 — Meillet Introduction a
: Comparative des Lan- l'Etude.
gues Indo-Europeennes.
46 — Meillet : Les Langues dans l'Europe Nouvelle.
47 — Meillet : Linguistique Historique et Linguistique gene-
rale.
- m -

4g Meillel Cohen (groupe de linguistes sous la direction


*>t

de Meillet et Cohen) Les Langues du Monde. :

49 _ Miiller (M."*x) : The Science of Language.

50 _ Miiller (Max) . New Lectures on the Science of Lan-


guage,

51 Paulhan : La Double Fonction du Langage.

52 — Pawlowitch : Le Langage enfantin.

53 Piaget : Le Langage et la Pensee chez l'Enfant.

54 — Renan Histoire generale des Langues Semitiques.


:

55 — Renan L'Origine du Langage.


:

56 _ Roudet Elements de Phonetique generale.


:

58 — Rousselot Introduction a l'Etude des Patois.


:

59 _ Rousselot Les Modifications Phonetiques du Langage.


:

60 — Rousselot Principe de Phonetique experimentale.


:

ol — Roustan Psychologic :

62 — Sapir (E) Langage (New York). :

63 — Saussure (De) Cours de Linguistique Generale. :

64 — Sayce Introduction to the Science of Language (2


:

vols).

65 — Sayce : Principles of Comparative Philology.

66 — Sechehaye : Programme et M6thode de la Linguistique

theorique.

67 _ Sweet : History of English Sounds.

68 — Sweet : The Practical Study of Language.

69 _ Taine : Observation sur F Acquisition du Langage par


les Enfants (Revue Phil. 1876).

70 — Tarde : Lois de limitation.


71 Tomas (Antoine) : Essai de philologie Fran§aise.

72 — Tomas (Antoine) : Melange d'Etymologie Frangaise.

73 Tylor : Early History of Mankind.

74 Tylor : Origin of Civilisation.


- TTo _

75 — Vannier L'Esprit et
: les Maura d'une nation d'aprSs
sa Langue.
76 — Vendryes : Le Langage.
77 — Vendryes : Reflexion sur les lois phonetiques.
78 — Whitney : Language and the Study of Language.
79 — Wright :Lectures on the comparative grammar of the
Semitic Languages.
J c • t

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