OOP eSSese sess ses sesese Ve EEC ELEULEELE ° ° ° . Laporatory Exercise 14 SKULL MATERIALS NEEL Textbook Human skull, articulated Human skull, disariculated (eauchene) Human skull, sagittal section For Learning Extension. Colored pencils For Demonstration: Feral skull human skull consists of twenty-two bones that, ex: cept for the lower jaw, are firmly interlocked along sutures. Fight of these immovable bones make up the braincase, or cranium, and thirteen more immovable bones and the mandible form the facial skeleton, PURPOSE OF THE EXERCISE To examine the structure of the human skull and to identify the bones and major features of the skull LEARNING OBJECTIVES Af completing this exercise, you should be able to 1. Distinguish between the cranium and the facial skeleton 2. Locate and name the bones of the skull and their major features, 3. Locate and name the major sutures of the cranium 4. Locate and name the sinuses of the skull PROCEDURE 1, Review a textbook section on the stl 2. Asa review activity, label figures 14.1, 14.2.14.3. 144, and 14.5. amine the cranial bones of the articulated human skull and the sectioned skull. Also observe the Corresponding disarticulated bones. Locate the following bones and features in the laboratory specimens and, at the same time, palpate as many oF these bones and features in your own skull as possible frontal bone @ supraosbital foramen front parietal bone @) sigittal suture coronal suture ‘occipital bone on) lambdoid suture occipital condyle temporal bone @) squamous suture externa mandibular fossa mastoid process styloid process carotid eanal jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus zygomatic process sphenoid bone a ureater and lesser wings sphenoidal sinus. ethmoid bone a cribriform plate perpendicular plate superior nasal concha middle nasal concha ethmoidal sinus crista gall 4. Complete Parts A and B of Laboratory Report 14 97Figure 11 Label the anterior bones andl features ofthe skull. (If the liae lacks the word bone, label the particular feature of that bone.) Lacrimal bone: Ethmoid bone fone} 4 Sphencid bane —/\ tone) Figure 14.2 Label the lateral bones and features of dhe sul ¢eone) 1g \ eone) <3 \ 4 ne SHIRPFHRPRAVWIWRWAVPASASEHEHLHELLHLCLLTLCHELCLC TELEIIIS FF IVI SDI IDI SD SDI FS AAASFSAFSRSHKSSKSHESSHSSEHSSessS Figure 143, Label the inferior bones and features ofthe skull eone) —— Greater palatine toramen reeereceeTnEeEETEESS |= Foramen tacerum | Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum — Carob canal _— dugular foramen — — Stylomastoid foramen 2— pesseesssesezepessees (200) mse 13 — (bone) Figure Tid label the bones and features ofthe Noor ofthe cranial cavity as vieweu from aboxe Anterior Taf nen _—3— — — {pone) , —_ (bone) Optic cana 3 tone) Foramen rotundum —— 6 ———— —trenel Foramen ovale ~ ‘e Aton Foramen tcerum — Foramen spinosum bere tone) - 2— 10: ere Posterior 99Figure 145 tabel the bones and features of the sagittal section of the skull (one — nema acouste meats [Feneta gat Etimoid~} Perpendiuler plate — 3 tone | inasal septum) si gen Inter nasal eoncha — __ one) Pterygoid proces of sphencid bone ~ Palatine bone ts bone bone) 5, Examine the facial bones of the articulated and 6. Complete Pact C of the laboratory report sectioned skulls and the corresponding, disarticulated bones, Locate the following, maxilla @ SS. LEARNING EXTENSION maxillary sinus Use cotored pencils to differentiate the bones illus: palatine process trated in figures 14.1 and 14.2. Select a dilferent color for each bone in the series. This activity should help you locate various hones that are shown in different views in the figures, You can check your work by refer palatine bone e) Fing to the corresponding figures ina textbook, which are presented ia full color alveolar process alveolar arch zygomatic bone @ temporal process zygomatic arch, 7. Locate the following features of the human skull lacrimal bone 2 carotid canal nasal bone @) foramen lacerum vomer bone @ foramen magnum inferior nasal concha @) foramen ovale mandible oO foramen rotundum ramus foramen spinosum mandibular condyle greater palatine foramen coronoid process hypoglossal canal alveolar border incisive foramen inferior orbital fissure I foramen wanclibular foram mental foramen infeaorbi 100 AAASSSSSIMSIISSISISLSSCSCHCSCLCHCCLCTLCLCCHELCEC LESw NMS S sos SeeseumUucschmUcSemUcSemUhhrmUcrhhChUchCUch hmUh hmUch hUhvDEhUhURhUDRUDS wooueo fF jugular for: ndibular foramen mental foramen optic canal stylomastoid for superior orbital fissure supraorbital foramen 8. Complete Parts D and E of the laboratory repor DEMONSTRATION E.xamine the fetal skull (fig. 14.6), Note that the skull is incompletely developed and that the cranial bone are separated by fibrous membranes, These membra ous areas arc called fontanels, of “soft s fontanels close as the cranial bones grow together, Thi ‘Thinking Applicati PBJ examine the inside of the cranium on a sec tioned skull. What appears to be the weakest ‘What are the functions of individual bones and features? Search these and review the anatomy Figure 146 Noman fetal skeleton SS Fontanel (anterior) 101PISI DAIS SAA FAIA AF FAFFFEECEEEEELLEEECLELS NotesLaboratory Report 1 4 Name __ Date _ Section | RS SE EES TS SKULL PART A Match the bones in column A with the features in column B. Place the letter of your choice in the space provided. (Some answers are used more than once ) Column A Column B 4. Ethmoid bone 1 Forms sagittal, coronal, squamous, and lambdoid surures Frontal bone 2. Gribriform plate © Occipital bone L d. Parietal bone 3. Crista galt c. Sphenoid bone £ Temporal bone 4, External acoustic meatus 5. Foramen magnum 6 Mandibular fossa Mastoid process 8. Middle nasal concha 9. Occipital condyle 10. Sella wurciea 11. Styloid process 12, Supriorbital foramen PART B Complete the following statements 1. The suture joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones. The parietal bones are firmly interlocked along the midline by the ___ suture 3 The suture joins the parietal bones to the occipital bone 4. The temporal hones are joined 10 the parietal bones along the sutures 5, Name the three eranial bones that contain sinuses. 6, Name a facial bone that contains a sinus, 103‘sin columa A with the characteristics in column B. Place the letter of your choice in the space provided Column & Column B i. Creates promin f cheek inferior and lateral to the eye Contains of upper teeth hh. Zygomatic bone 6. Forms infer 1 of nasal 8. Serollshape 12. Sealelike part in medial wall of orbit Identity the hones and features indicated view of the skull, using the terms provieled Sphenaid bon (b (bon FVVFFFPTCTCCTCTTCTCTC_ScFeeCeC_eteCeeeeeeteeeeereeeeeFSP SSF Ss sss sss ss HEL EL ECE LLUEEE LLY” PART D Match the Column Column B men magnum 1, Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve reas 2. Nerve fibers of spinal cord € Internal acoustic meatus 4. Vagus and accessory nerves fJugular foramen : Optic canal 5. Nasopalatine nerves 6. Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Vestibular and cochlear nerves PART E IMientify the numbered bones and features of the skulls indicated in figures 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10, and 14.11 Figure 14.8 entity the bones and features indicated on th = lateral view of the skull, using the terns provided. Occipital bone Parietal bone Squamous suture Temporal bone 105Figure 149 Wentily the bones and features indicated on this inferior view ofthe skull, using the cermis provided Temporal bone amar bone Zygomatic bone Palatine bone mamanmaar»iaoaaraarertms4rtretstett ¢ £¢f £€ HEC HL EK ECC HEC CELEEES EES Figure 14.10 ‘Kentiy the bone sl ising the terms providedFigure 1411 Terms: Frontal bane Mandible Maxilla Parietal bone on this disarticulated skull, using the terms provided Sphenoid bone mporal Zygomati PVF TTTTTTCETETITCr_trrrrérrrr¢fcrrfrrrrcrtrrcrf¢