Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    aychiluhimhailu
    19 views22 pages
    Theory of machines and mechanisims

    Original Title

    Chapter_1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Theory of machines and mechanisims

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    19 views22 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    aychiluhimhailu
    Theory of machines and mechanisims

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 22
    Hecy 335 Lecture Notes Theory or Mecwansms Srane Zoid LT. Inreopvction To Kiwemarics ano MecHanions HOH (Overview In Has chapter, delabions and Hermaclegies wll be prescaled Ths 15 fellowed by 9 descriphion of Unaks yerats, and achinbors Then, an ntrodschen to mechanisms aad eve mabidy wll be presented. The chapter ends with examples of mechanism designs LA Debachrons Hachne = A mochine 15 9 dence hat teqnomuls every Mra sh ths compeneats with he cycle of peclecrmag desired tasks, Mechanism - A mechanism oo Mbe WV consists of sehen Such mechanseal pachen of & machine, cemecked packs Yeh mohion Preduce 4 desiced con be ether cont, ongalac Mats Wonks are Shee itrien sous or ber - millent, linese aad fer Peigid’ bedies and ace connected wilh other las le of a mechamse Vrawsent one ron and, Socces Jowts- domds ace dhe movable connection bebieen aks allowsa, y relate mehen ped Aeluckors.- lckuntors are he components Shab dewe dhe mechanism, The schon can be ether cokacy (mote) oc Wacar (cyleader) . Some of the commonly employed mechanssins are the Weng: it) Sider - Crank — Hechansson ti) Tour -Bar Nechanton Ud) Sra-Bae Hechamsin iy Gas aun Ve) Belk and Chan Dewes Ce The Naguee Lelow alloobeabes a machine, 4 single -cyluder —vaberaal conbvetion piston engine, which contains Yaete nechanisns Mechanes wa stience Mab predicls tbe cendihen ofa Neck es hee ak ret ec a amclien under Hee achen of Cee) els Stereo 19 the branch of mmechanes thet shadses Vedies at ces Dyraence 19 Hhe branch of mechencs that analyzes bodes and can be divided whe Knewahes and Kinehies Konemics ss the descrighen aad avalyns of the meben ob bodies regardless of He focces that casse such mobion Winelus 9 Me shody of the elfecks of Coreen gq Me riche of el jects eer ro, [Siahes] | Dymamnes| a 7 [Wana [Wecheal PAS Hechanoms can bee classibed depending on there took as: Wonchien Geawsahion The celabue chen (se forts) babaeca Niky connected 4, greed os of wnterest. Pui, Genesahon - The path Glawed by the Hacer pant, ceqaedns of The ceupler hiak’s rekahen, abncenceck Nohon Geaeeahion - The entre metion of he caplee bak ss otkest RAY ah Teacer Porat esl lie Covplee Lak ancien Generab ion 4 £(@3) thet Pak Geneenbian feeq(®s) ms Behe) Melos Genschon 2 +g(0), HHL), od 84: (8) Two studies can be carried oot with mechansing Pnalyrs The atedy ef Yoo gecfermance of a mcchamsn, sich as Aroplecements, veleahes, accelerdtions, che Synthens The process of Acsngnung & mechamom te accomplish 4 desvced bak VL Teemaclony Degrees ef Freedom (DoF) - Degrees of Freedom gre the nomber of dependent gsshon varicbles Wah ace sqpned 2 specily Whe gostore of Uke mechanism Ve degrees Tack Space Coordinates ~ The task space coordinahes are ch Sreedom of the space. im which the mechanom ta intended te fonchen. Types of Hechansins Degerbing on We space we ech Yhe mechanism Gonckons, the [Noon classufrcahon 1s consideseds AN bodies (tiaks) move om parallel plates and alll the Planas .- Sorces act am garallel planes. (Toe brarsleheas one retaben) Sphere All bodies (Laks) wove oa a ophece and rotate obec necmals ko Yhe sphere. (Thee rekatons) Spain AN bodies (lal) wave om a Hheee dimensional space Thee are Hhee Aranslations (along x,y, and Z) and hres rebhons (absst x, 4, and 2) ° Rigulbse. JeWtedyaclansneh sisclakengniazibaehe or MAE? archihed lake Closed - Loop Chains = la a closed-loop chan, the mechamsm «5 cempeied ef tae or mere branches, Erery branch 6 commecled Se a common Sued lnk, Kacua as beane Planae Closed-Loop Chara Spabal Chesed Loop Chan Open Leop Chains - Iq an agen-leop chan Yhe mechanisen vs ¢ f f ¢ , compos of a sequence of Uals comecteh with your's, Tie Tost ak of We chain, kaous ot at ealrelleclec, mons Feely aR Plange Open Loop Chain Spahel Open Leop Chan 4 1 p48 1.3 Links, Jets, and Actuators Links het Links are classihied depending on the umber of jeants \ are contamed. ae inl = 8 Taimple Wh” gg gid bey Meat contains only : ' s 4 = A vcompler Ink” a9 @ ay bedy Hrek cendans mere thea fae yal. Simple Laak Complex nk le Kevenabie Diagrams or Skeleken Sketches ave geverally ved cegeeseat, sag much simpler form, mechancal elements General Seem Sheleben Representaon ; 5 \ ema Jem e =i" aL steaught Heeaary hak x” p49 Jonts Kovemalie paws (Tats) can be classelied te “higher pas” and “owes paves” depeiding on We cenlacl bebaeea he gar lentes A Neuer poe bas siclace conact TA Inagher pase has Ime 2° pout contact Aesardaly wilh Hs delndhion, we ean classy Be joule a fallevs Reale (Ra) Pamacy Teuats 4 Bombe (slitee) (one dof) | Hebel (Sere) bower Poses Cyhadeveat Compovad Teveks { Unnersal clhgle. dl Spherveal Tots Cali #) Pleane Cam Gear Belt ea Pulley Geneva Mechanisey Higher Paes Higher Paes ace also eeferred te as Rallag, Pars “Bevelete Jen CR) gecmls bac tals te cebale sab cesgect fo cach ether abect Hhe ano dehned by the oon J db . re - “ ak 2 Jo 2 (A 30!) | — e Lek 1 2 ty Leek 4 aw Lak 1 “Fesathe Yet (P) lows toe Vials to Seaulate sath eeapect to cach ther clang Yhe anus deLiaed by the owt (4 af) a Link 2 : * Hebe 4 Keheal oat (A) pends hoe late Rlaletiond| raulbee Woucvee He” Wrenclation “otiecltel) 4, alle vebahion by She Link 1 Cr (1 af) pitt by ~ Cyladercal Tent () clowns one evtehon aad Bs f wie ore eonslabon as Wegh exe { ceselse gual SOS eoahie gost weee comecled. (2 Jef) Lak 4 “Monel Tah QU) petitle the aalche, £ Aisne > 0 Mheugh tue vevelabe qonts were comecled (2 4.6) Aank t ~ Spherreal Toeb (8) allows ene til to sebabe a2 Freely wth cespect te the other é atest Whe conve ef The aphece, ve, 9) AL Yaeee cevelobe gists enaeckd (3 def) ~ Plame — Jouut CE) peel ag “hes iens along yume z | uk2 9 plane aad a colchon beet + | Ye wermal of He plane. (3 Sef) Z Loak 4 * Rellng Pars .- The toarsbecence ef wshon of Slag, pair sll depead on Me noboce ch We covbach bebwcen las Aallng ene wth ne aMdoag (1 def) Rating cerlecl wth shdung (2 dof) peAaZ = Cams, A cam as a tink Waal Leaasmits motion te another lak called s follower The follower can ether slide ce not alde cn the cam T $ | | | ial Ly ey o-— No Shprage (4 dof) 2 & '} a pe contact ~ Genes melides cell-chde contach between ger teeth, Gears ace vied bo transit wichon Gaea ene shalt Ye another sat ht wt vu, uM“ nt LALA pee ae OTA Ay Sigpag (aa) YN The Geneva Hechantsm 4 eRemes Hedaning amslers caberonttert mobion felongy aod Sadany, Aduaters In scder fo opecche a mechanism an acheter (oe dever dence) 9 sequeed be prowde Hhe angel wohen and energy An actuator 6 reqreeh Lor cwecy degree of Loeedom ol he mechanism Eleckve Motors (AC) provide cobaey mebien, Least expensive. Lined Se Lew shandaed specks because depend on the eleclne Vine Frequency (@60 He —~ 3600, 1800, 00, 720, and 600 cpm) Eleclae Metocs (0¢) reve solaey mahen, Speed can be ceably altered ond exn achive high speeds vp te $0, 000 r¥m Rewrce pouce beam 0 gpacmater oe a batlery Engines peedvce atary wehon, Speed ean be Mivctiled thin range of sprrenimbely 1000 Se 8000 rpm, High power Wydeaohe oe Preomahe Cyluders gpresake a Vawled Weer steoke eases peice Fes “arial | eke Serey Aehoatocs also produce a Vmrbed Innear steeKe, Great occorsey , Conndacably expensive p14 14 Mobility Nn We prenevs sechon, we determined the amber of degrees of Wrealom osoewtel wilh cach port ably or Veba\ deyees of rade, ba mechansin os The mimbee of sagubs seqpced te Lecnae Me portion of ll aks. The posi Vee pen abn cigd body on a lane tg apeebied by trdepeadenl pacamelers, ic, teansehen deny x ond yard the catahen deel Vee wormal of he hes. Pave. A elanne mechanism with ® leks nA Nake Wed con move (the Leane as a Sued wk) Each out constearns the number of andepeatent motions of the mechaniom by he womber of degcees of Treedem cosceinted with Ye yout. The mebiliby of @ mechanom can be debermned vanng, Gribler’s eqoahon m=: S(n-1)- Jy- ye ea) where n= umber of biaks on the mechanisin jnsmenter cm degree af freedom gars je amber of due deyee of Grecdem pairs VE m7 0, Wrere ace mdef If mse the system 19 6 abruchore. Wom < 0, the a stebenlly idclermincle shuclce p.A.ts 41 Delermae Yhe webby of Me Fleming, mechansns Examples 4. ii) i) m= ane An bac mechanion a S-bar mechanison FA) n a WF ie TM . ms # me Shader - Crank mechanism ptt Speci Cones Comncident Tonks - Seme mechantons may have heer oe more las eaedted Nabe” @ seein joo Pharell, ene pia centers AN Vala; howeres, by delaten, a pin yuk camecs tue \waks. Thos, a Mhece ave Me aks comected at a coomen peat, Vere ah be AeA cotabeants eC) at Het gent 6 i Lok 4 je Se ey Ks AS att iO im "|| funk 2 Lok 2 1]. Lak 4 Excephions ~ Seme tunes Geiblec’s equalion may ead Se sncecsect tesalts. The hie mechansis below have a mcbily of ere Csndserbag a shuclace) 5 hewevee, by napechen, We ean see het beth oechanioms ave a mdbihly of one 25 nm shepage Pet - : 1 n=§ tN I AG ob: 4 5, ) p { *o | ey é jyeo \ = 4) 1 mexl5-2()20 m= 3(3-1)-2(8)- 9 “These mechanioms ace Kron ag overesnVeaweds Va torkeg de Senchon, the Peallelegram Nnnlage most have Inks Z, 3, and 4 equal, and io wp ecllers must have He som ef he du of Hhe callers equal the distance belueen the gyroond puns Extension of Geubecs Equdtion Yo Spabel Mechanons The poshon of a cgd body im apsce as apecified by sx vadegendeat gacameters, ic, Meee Henslehons and Yaree cobahons The mcbibby cf a wechansm om space ton be determined ao fellas: ms lant) = Sfr- Aj Bis Zags M2) wthece pe the Lelal atlas of yobs aleaag ellie neon degrees ef Lrechom Lebwecn jersed pass af als, Example 2 Deteemme Yhe mebllly of Ue tall spatial, mrechanians RISK Mechan: ii Stewach -Goosh Plat Goran (G-UPS smechansm) i Pa mw - pete 1.5 Hechanson Design The mohon of a mechanisin depends on ts design sich as Me length of Laks cr the selechon of Nhe Leame twit ts selon, we will discuss diferent designs of Cour=ar, shdec- crank, and six-bar mechanisms Fase = Bar _Nechaaisin The. saimplealy ask ash ~Rarcance, Vrakage a he foer-bae mechanisin Tre ype ef mchon caused by a Gac-bar anechamom Jepends on the Tength ef bs Inks and can be determined vain) Geashels Theevenn, We wll astaguish Vhe liak leaglhs as fellows: S$ = Nength of The shortest ak Lo = Aength of The longest Ink Pad qs lengths of Me subermediate lls ~ Mecessey assembly conden ss ps Qe ~ Grachels Heccem shetes Yael a Foor bae wechanyn as ah least one welong Wak (lnbaans whey aches) sale pra ~ Conversely, the eee nonbuned tiny wi meeely wk SHA 7 PAG petty Tre Galloway fable shows the Allert types of oscar mechanses Tyee Corker, Shorkest Link Dosble Crank, sil < erg Thane Grank= Recker seh

    You might also like