Korean Grammar in Use For Beginners

Korean e Beginning to Early Intermediate * Contains all grammar points covered by TOPIK Levels 1 and 2/ * Learn at a glance the differences between similar grammatical constructions! * Practice a variety of expressions used in the same situation! * True to life dialogues incorporating the introduced grammar points! DARAKWONPreface 4 Unit 3. Particles How to Use This Book. 6 @ nowt a @neve a Ones 74 IW Introduction to the Korean Language © Noi/a}, Nlonet, Naka 76 1. Korean Sentence Structure 4 @ na. . 78 2. Conjugation of Verbs and Adjectives 0.15 @ noo i 3. Connecting Sentences ue, @ nol 2 . 83 4, Sentence Types. a © now 86 5, Honotific Expressions. 20 © Now Nova, NEEL NEAL 59 © nowiyetea a @nz 93 One 7 © netor 99 MW Getting Ready Once a @ ott (to be) 28 @ nop 105 @ 2UCt (to exist/be, to have) 28 © nope a 107 © Numbers. a1 One 410 @® Dates and Days of the Week.........97 © NAB, nztol 2 @ Time 30 © nec 114 © not 116 Unit 1. Tenses @® Present Tense A/V{A)HLICE... 42 Unit 4, Listing and Contrast @ Present Tense A/V-0/AS 45 @ w-z.... an 20 @ Past Tense A/V-Si/2OR 49 @ v7... @® Future Tense V-(2)=2 AOI @....52 @ w-xet @ Procressive Tense VT BCH @ 54 @w-eye/eei a @ Past Perlect Tense A/V-34/%ROAL ES Unit 5, Time Expressions @ N Bol, v-71 Zo... aus Unit 2. Negative Expressions ON FO, VS)E BOI an. ang Miers Near « © VB a snennnnion TB © AV -o1/0i2 AV tuorR)....22 ® v-oy/o1ns 139 @ & V-ol/o12 (v-x| Raia), 65 DING, VAO)E vines T4@ v42)84, 145 @xsves i 148 @ v-xiort 181 @N5e. v-=E Set 153 ®ve). 31 187 Unit 6, Ability and Possibility @ vigye + wcyetct 160 @ vAe)e & et}/sect 163 Unit 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition @ vae)al2, 166 @ v-x oa. 169 © AN-ol/ojor sie/atct wm @ an-o1ore sict 174 @ avez 2 sic} 176 © AN-a] Bole Sick (2h A/V—oF/0}e= SICH) : 179 Unit 8, Expressions of Hope @ v-z act 482 © AN-ay/stee Sach 184 Unit 9, Reasons and Causes @ aw-oro1y 188 @ anova 191 @ Nwea, av] Zo} 198 Unit 10. Making Requests and Assisting @® Vv-ol/o} EAI, v-oF/04 FAWOH2? 198 ® V-0l/o} SAL2, V-ol/0] BL? 201 Unit 1.1. Trying New Things and Experiences @ v-oi/o1 wet 204 @ v2)- Ao] wetyetct 207 Unit ‘1.2, Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions @ v-(e)a712? & ato @ vejam27 @ ate @ v-(2)HArc. 214 @ ve)AiMoi2? air © ve)ea27 © 219 Unit 13, Intentions and Plans @ -2012 © 222 @ve)e42 225 ® v4a)<242 @ 228 Unit 14, Background Information and Explanations @w-Qreae a2 @ vigQVu7} @........ 235 Unit 15, Purpose and Intention @ veel aic/ect 238 @-9az 240 ® v4 oetm Sct 243 @ NS/S PsH(Ad), v7] HHA)... 245 @ vie att 248 Unit 6. Conditions and Suppositions @ anaeya 252 @ vo)zet 255 @ W-ov/ol=. 257Unit 17. Conjecture @ w-xol2 @ 260 @ W2)2 012 @ 262 ® we)en22 9 265 @ We) /eNeye 2 wet 267 Unit 18. Changes in Parts of Speech @ Bee 9)L/-EHS)EN 272 Ow 275 Orn 278 @ A-ol/orsict 281 Unit 19. Expressions of State @v-rec 2 284 @ v-or/o} ect 287 @ A-ovoizict 290 @ vA sic 293 Unit 20, Confirming Information @ ave) eal 296 @ v-= ol welcl/ect 299 @ w-ag? 301 Unit 21.. Discovery and Surprise @ w-z2/ez2 304 @a-ug 308 Unit 22. Additional Endings @ (2). 7187, v-Lie? os 310 @ w-2)- eae 312 Unit 23. Quotations @® Direct Quotations 316 @ indirect Quotations 319 ® Indirect Quotation Contracted Forms 322 Unit 24. Irregular Conjugations @ — 74 (ireguiar Conjugation) © ‘= B74 (\rrequiar Conjugation) @ ‘+ B74 (irregular Conjugation) @ ‘¢' 5574) (iregular Conjueation) © ‘© 774 (Irregular Conjugation)... @ ‘2° B74! (ireqular Conjugation) . @ ‘+ 8574! (regular Conjugation) Appendix © Good Things to Know: © Answer Key. © Grammar Explanations in Korean *® Grammar Index. 346 354 380 375Introduction to the Korean Language 1. Korean Sentence Structure 2. Conjugation of Verbs and Adjectives 3. Connecting Sentences 4. Sentence Types 5. Honorific Expressions1. Korean Sentence Structure Korean sentences consist of either “a subject + predicate (verb)" or “a subject + object + predicate (verb).” Ao] 7a. subject + predicate Carol goes. leo] ABS Bo} 2. subject + object + predicate Eric eats an apple. AB] 22. subject + predicate Carol sleeps. eo] Ez} AS gola, subject + object + predicate Eric reads a book in the library. Particles are attached to words in Korean sentences. They express the role that their respective words play in the sentence. After the subject of a sentence, the particle O| or 7} is used. After an | object, the particle or # is used. And after an adverbial, the particle Of] or O{|71| is used. (See also Unit 3. Particles) subject object ole] ABLE Fela, oo] EAB WS go}a, subject adverbial object While the predicate of a Korean sentence always comes at the very end of the sentence, the order of subjects, objects, and adverbials changes depending on the intention of the speaker. Regardless of their order in the sentence, however, the role of each of these parts can stil be identified because of the particle attached to it. 14ABS elo] Bola. aS SAB Meo] Bole. ‘object + eubject verb) ‘object adverb + Subject + verb) anapple Eric cats abook inthelibrary Eric reads In addition, when the subject can be clearly understood from the context, it can be omitted, A oejo] aa? What is Eric doing? B (f24O]) AHS YOUR, — ets eating an apple A Ojcjol] 712.2 Where do (you) go? B Sato] 71-2, {0 900 schoo! 2. Conjugation of Verbs and Adjectives One of the characteristics of Korean verbs and adjectives is that they both are conjugated according to tense, politeness level, passive and causative forms, and speech styles. Verbs and adjectives consist of a word stem and word ending, with their base forms comprised of the word stem plus Ch. This form is also called the ‘dictionary form.’ Accordingly, a dictionary search for such words will reveal their base forms, such as 7}C} (to go), SC} (to come), HC} (to eat), and QICf (to wear). When conjugated, the word stems of verbs and adjectives do not change; rather, Cf is replaced with the appropriate form depending on the speaker's intention. @ Verbs hI otcoea HCH) + —H LICH (present formal ending) Ape et ZEATUTH (a0/g088) (referring to a superior/elder) woidstem wordendina | 7KCH) +—Al (honorific) + —HLICt (present formal ending) aoe ZU EL ver KCI) + -2t- (past tense) + LIC (present formal ending) Introcuction to the Korean Language 16© Adjectives EES aac ZSUe} (is good) (CH) + -BLICt (present formal ending) 24 OF FYSUT} was ooo) word stem wordending | (CH) + St (past tense) + —SLIC} (present formal ending) {co be good) BASU} Goams be goo) B(CH) + A+ (guess) + LICH (formal ending) 3. Connecting Sentences ‘There are two ways to connect sentences in Korean. One is by using conjunctive adverbs (¢.9., 2JD (and), 1B1X/St (but), “ZEAE {so/therefore)), and the other is by using conjunctive endings. (2) And 29 Conjunctive Adverb Connection | Ute°] B18, 22]31 3-9].9, Itewindy- Andis cold z}o] Hat &o Conjunctive Ending Connection | “lete] Bat 912. asian (2) But =r = Conjunctive Adverb Connection | #*h= WeHet. PAI ats. Koh is spicy. But tastes good a} Auch onunctivctendiagéonnectonts| C7 )= GARE aes utt. Kimchi i spi but tastes eood (3) So/Therefore tee " : Conjunctive Advert Connection | %=°) 2:2, LeHA] do] Bo] etel2, Wssnowing, reefs tata is bac i Lo] us Conjunctive Ending Connection 0] 4) de] Bo] Hye] 2, It’s snowing, so the tratic s bad.When connecting two sentences with a conjunctive adverb, it is sufficient simply to place the conjunctive adverb between the two sentences. However, when using a conjunctive ending, the ending must be attached to the word stem of the predicate of the preceding sentence to connect the two sentences. () HO] Bc} +2 ++ SHV > HH an S92. 2 Halt MC} + —AIE + Stole — Hal7t walet gieloi2, (3) 0] Qc+ + Of + ZO] BLO] Stel — to] Sty Zlo| Bol Bee. 4. Sentence Types Korean has four main santence types: declarative, interrogative, imparative, and propositive, Moreover, the sentence type is influenced by Korean speech styles, which can be divided into three main types: formal polite, informal polite, and informal plain. The formal polite style (4) e§ LIC} is used most in formal or public situations, including the military, news reporting, presentations, meetings, and lectures. The informal polite style -Of/01 is the honorific form used most in daily life. Compared to the formal polite style, the informal polite style is softer and less formal, and therefore it is used mainly among family members, friends, and other close acquaintances. Furthermore, although the formal polite style has different forms for each of the four sentence types (declarative, interrogative, imperative, and propositive), the informal polite style uses the same form for all four types. Thus, sentence types in this style are determined by the situation and sentence intonation, For this reason, the informal polite style is less complicated than the formal polite style. As for the Informal plain style —O}/0}, it is mainly used among intimate friends, by superiors toward persons of lower-rank, and among family members. It is considered rude to use the informal plain style with somebody one does not know personally or with whom one is not very close. Here we examine the formal polite and informal polite styles only. (4) Declarative Sentence Declarative sentences are used when explaining something or responding to a question. (See also Unit 1. Tenses 01 Present Tense) ® Formal Polite Style Declarative formal polite sentences are made by adding (4) t LIC} to the word stem. + AS Sof yd, 1 goto schoo SAS SUC, temtbeas Introduction to the Korean Languecs® Informal Polite Style Declarative informal polite sentences are made by adding —Of/01 to the word stem. + AS Baro] 7h2, | g0 to school. + AS BS Hols, (eat breed (2) Interrogative Sentences Interrogative sentences are used when asking a question. (See also Unit 1. Tenses 01 Present Tense) @ Formal Polite Style Interrogative formal polite sentences are made by adding —(.) 4 L{77}? to the word stem. + Sve] ZU 7}? Doyeugato hac + abe BAUz? Do you set bread? ® Informal Polite Style Interrogative informal polite sentences are made by adding —Of/0{2? to the word stem. Because they have the same form as declarative sentences, they are made interrogative by being spoken with a rising intonation at the end of the sentence (and also by adding a question mark to the written form). + ro} 748? Dervouigatesata + MS WojA? ayo ore (3) Imperative Sentences Imperative sentences are used when making a demand or giving advice. (See also Unit 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition 01 V-(2)x1&) @® Formal Polite Style imperative formal polite sentences are made by adding (2)4JA|@ to the word stem. + Balo] AAAl2, Pisaze write in your notebook + AS Vora, Plaase read the book. 18® Informal Polite Style Imperative informal polite sentences can be made by adding —O}/01 to the word stem, just like in the other sentence types described above. However, using —(2) Ai] in place of —O}/ 013 is considered a more polite expression, and therefore —(©)Al|@ should be used. + Bao] Aye. Please writs in your notebook + aS Voye, Please read the book. (4) Propositive Sentences Propositive sentences are used when making a suggestion or agreeing with someone alse's, ‘suggestion. (See also Unit 12. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 03 V-{2) AIC) ® Formal Polite Style Propositive formal polite sentences are made by adding (2) AJC} to the word stem. -(2) AIC} can be used when the person being spoken to is younger or the same age as the ‘speaker. It cannot be used when speaking to a superior. It is considered improper etiquette to Use this expression toward a superior or elder. * 1so] SeAt, Let's meet at 11 otlock. + }7]o] A] BAS FAITH, Lets cat inch here. @ Informal Polite Style Propositive informal polite sentences are made by adding —Of/04, just like in the other sentence types described above. + 114)o] eye, Lets meet at 11 o'clock. + 17/014 BAS YO]B, Lots cat unch howe. ‘The preceeding sentence types are summarized below using the verb EC (to go). ela ael R si CMU OCR Dore FEB. \. WD go. (am going. wae | Aa? 7 aaltwiet | HAIL, | Go! Ties iL) FHIA2, Tracts trey sfots 7 FIR, > Let's go. The subject is omitted and understood by the situation or context. Introduction to the Korean Language 195. Honorific Expressions Due to the influence of Confucian thought on Korean society, it is common for Korean speakers to use both honorific and humble forms of speech in conversation according to age, farnily relationships, social status, and social distance (degree of intimacy). (2) Honoring the Subject of the Sentence Honorifics are used when the subject of a sentence is a person older than the speaker, a senior member of one's family, or a person of higher social rank. To honor the subject, (2)A| is added to the stems of adjectives and verbs. For verb stems ending in a vowel, ~Al is added, and for those ending in a consonant, —2.A| is added, (to go) Jt + -AR + -BLIC} J} + -Ab + -O12 ure JE + -Ale + -210/2 = 7t + -A- + {2)2 Ade = GED (0 read) Qt + -OAP + —eLIc} eT + “SAP + -018 # + SAP + Hoe a A+ -OAk + 42)= Ao > + AAA Maps Tez) ch. + obyalalAre Shao] 4el 7c 2, (2) Honoring the Listener 7HILICE 7. JI 7H AGI Seach HONS HeAodg aoa! 701e Tho teacher teaches Korean. My father wont to Busan last year Honorifics are used when the listener is older or of higher social status than the speaker and also when the speaker and listener are not acquainted with each other, regardless of age. Final endings are used to express the degree of respect, and they can be formed from each of the formal polite, informal polite, and informal plain styles, (See also Korean Sentence Structure 4. Sentence Types)EOPEAMA ZARILICH, (formal polite style) OPE A ZHAfHe, {informal polite style) oA Tope, (informal plain style) (3) Other Honorifics ® The honorific forms of some verbs are not expressed by adding -()Al to the verb stem but rather by using a different verb form altogether. Base Form Honorific Form Base Form Honorific Form AACE (co sleep) ZRAlct ach(ode | gor | BEBICE (wo speak) ‘HSHAICE EHPAZIEE (vo tale) axt7ict Bc (oe) | BFAICVEAICD | QC (co exist) AAI OHAICH (to drink) EAI SICH (to have) SIAC} + ofa] Aol] et AAS, Mother is not home right now. + HS AZ NOAA? Do you have time tomorow? ® Some nouns have honorific counterparts. Base Form Honorific Form Base Form Honorific Form L40| (age) a 82! (birthday) atl Fiwor) | ae HI (house) etm & (meal/food) a O18 (name) ae Atet (person) # ‘OH (wife) Hol + Gonz], az] saj2, Grandpa, please have some dinner. + Bele ess) 7? How is your wife? Introduction to the Korean Language@ Honorific particles can be used after nouns incicating people. OZ} a SAE AA — ollai(Steif) —> 7A FAO] APO ALS SUCH, — wyounger sting over present toa tens SoA] AFola] AeS HAU. Grandpa gives a present to a friend. AL B7|S Foe, | Yke strawberries SOU AAE B7|S SOSA, crencma ines strawbentes. @® Nouns designating persons can be made honorific by adding the sutfix | Base Form HonorificForm | Base Form Honorific Form AV (teacher) vail 21+ (professor) ae AME (president) Abe) BEAL (doctor) SEA | SAL (pastor) SAtel BB (director) ae + AS) ASS thse] Sct. Our company president is a generous person. SA, 718) FAA Bech, Pastor, thank you for your prayer. ® Respect can be expressed toward the listener or target of an action by using the following words. Base Form Honorific Form Base Form Honorific Form | ISIC (to speak) weealc 2+ (10 ask) ofc CI (to give) Ear} SICH/BKLICE (co meee) act | + ofA) 7] 4c ag72? Shall we speak with Dad? + Bo}H{ Z|] o] Ae Szaja, Plesse giva this 400k to Grandpa.© The speaker can also show respect toward the listener by lowering his or her own status. LE oat) 2B] ofS] ow BE BES wore + AE DAIS Solee, also heard that news + Aa] Zo] ha Sz] OQ, lease stop by our house sometime. + BAPY, BSCS! Zo] OAUTH ches nave someting to tel you. (4) Things to Remember when Using Honorifics ® In Korean it is common to address others by repeatedly using their name or title rather than pronouns such as 4! (you), L (you), “2 (he/him), “LL (she/hen), and 1 (they/ them). ANH, TAY7} QS AF Ae Heel] AS} HALQ,” PK) SABO) Yoko, did you see Jasjun al work yesterday? Jaejun (He) was looking for Yoko (you), $0 Yoko (you) need to give Jaejun (him) a call" 'S{A1 is a mutual title of address used mainly between husband and wile, and therefore itis not used to address anyone other than one's spouse, Similarly, L] is a mutual title used only among close friends, + et, oft ALO] Lebel] ABHHlO} A? ooar aie you cast me? - YE 2S Fa]? ‘What are you going to do tociay? Introduction to the Korean Language@® Special expressions such as SZ}O| 017i] S|AI2? (What is your name?) and AA|7+ 048814] |i]? (How old are you?) are used when asking the name or age of someone you don't know or when the person you are asking is older or has a higher social status than you. + Bohs], Bo] OPP) SIA? (0) sr etaenp, may ask your name? opal, lS] Aya? (x) + APRA SANZ} OBA] EAI2.2 (0) mr President (ot a company), may | ask your age? APH Ho] 7b B tol 2? (x) ® In most cases, the word 4f is not used to refer to the age of someone older than the speaker. A THE A), SOps|Z] BAA} OF gi] SPA? carol, how oid is your grandfather? B Ss] US c}-olA, (0) He wil be 78 years old this year. 23] AEcpH ttojaya. (x) @ The two honorific forms of 8Cf are [2/Cf and EA/Ch. When the giver is younger than the receiver, then 2JC} is used, but when the actor is older ‘than the recipient of the action, 7EA|C} is used. + US ASS On] ERA, | gave a present to Mom. + PU AAT Lolz] ASS F2410].2. Mom gave a present tome. + Ue SAA ASS FMB, | gave a present to my litle brother/sister. mother little sister/brotherGetting Ready @ OICt (to be) @ UCt (to exist/be, to have) @® Numbers @ Dates and Days of the Week @ TimeWhat's this? A BRUM? (= HLA?) a o olalueh. (= ol2}H2..) Its a chair, > abst apeighu7t? (= a aRo}a1a2) Is she Korean? ul], et ARSE, (= Bist AHO} oFa.) Yes, she's Korean, a > ole] gut? (= olxjah.2.2) What country is this? aed, & tls.) Its Korea, Grammar Focus OC} attaches to the end of a noun to make it the predicate of the sentence. OIC} is used to express that the subject and predicate are the same thing. O|C} can also be used to specify something. ‘The formal descriptive form is Q{LIC}, and its interrogative form is Q{L|7}? The corresponding informal forms, 0{|$2/0]0||2, are the same for both the descriptive and interrogative forms, with the interrogative form rising in intonation as it is pronounced: O1|2?/0|012? When the preceding noun ends in a vowel, Ol is used, and when the noun ends in @ consonant, O|OI[$2 is used. The negative form of O|Cfis OLLIE}. (See also Unit 2. Negative Expressions 01 Word Negation) CMU Gga esis mal Polite Style Noun With Final Consonant ojos. euuict ALALOlOIS. AQUICH : 4AQILIch | Awol, | LABTRILICR. : SFERILICE, 1o{LIO12. Syyoloie, | OFDILIRILIG. : SHSRILICH, 3In Conversation A Taly7? A What is this? B 7Peduct, B It's a bag A sya? 1A Are you a student? BY), Baaduch. 8 Yes, I'm a student, A tPA? ‘4 Who is that? B alfa, 8 That's my fiend, A To] ofrja].2? ‘A Where is your hometown? BAZ] a, 8 Seoul. Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using OIC. 4 Ala) 2 B 4), lal AZ a Bul, 7 io) aspen? a Aad Getting ReadyM7} 1A} ei) Bea. e (Ht 212+ So] eset, - ‘There's a dog on the chair. $2) Zo] Alo} glola. (© 92] do] AKA euch) ‘Our house is in Sinchon, wah alt dela, (= at see) have a boyfriend. Grammar Focus 1 QUC} expresses the existence or location of something and means ‘to be located in/on’ in English. Although Cf is typically used in the form of ‘NO|/7} Nipiace)Ol] ZICH, the order of the subject and place in the sentence can be changed with no change in meaning: ‘N(place)0l] NO|/7} QICh.” ‘The opposite of QICH is SLC} When ‘NOl| ZICH expresses a place, the following location nouns can be used. Ot, Fl, A, ObeH (= B), (SE, SF), 7HSuI), Aol, Ot Ht © aH 91 244s fad (= Hat) oa oma on top of the desk under the desk in front of the desk behind the deskome omy ee OMY Ee ® Aol beside the desk left of the desk right of the desk inbetween \ wi 9 Met 12d) one ouw con the desk: inside the house outside the house a O MS Poll ZE7t Mole. The computer is on the desk. @ Ae Oba © Het Voll) BF7t VOB. The shoes are under the desk. © Ate Stoll Six} Rois. The chair is in front of the desk. @ A! F)oll AO] Boia. ‘The bookshelf is behind the desk. © As Holl sist SAO|7} L012. The plant and coat hanger are baside the desk. © AA 2H S#0| Bole, The plant is to the left of the desk. OAS LEZ RAO|7t Yoig. The coat hanger is to the right of the desk. ® SHED} LAO| Afo|ol] Neko] 21012. The desk is between the plant and the coat hanger. ® AS HEA Clso| Vo12_ ‘The teddy bear is on the desk. © BF col Sori7t Rois. ‘The dog is inside the house. @ © Hol Deol} goa. ‘The cat is outside the house, 2 ICt is also used in the form ‘NO|/7} ACI to express possession, meaning ‘to have’ in English, The opposite of SIC is SACb. (See also Unit 2. Negative Expressions 01 Word Negation) + SUF goHg, FAO] gles, 1 aseeeaeh MaeianY inte pent i AAA SOS. AIF we, | have a bicycle. I don't have a car Getting Ready 29In Conversation A Jo] ofrjo] Qloya? A Whereis the book? B 7FE tol] Bola, B It’s in my bag A ZAHo] o]rjol] o1.2? A Whereis the bank? B Bil Bol] ola, B It's next to the school. A Bt AP} Qojan? 4 Do you have any Korean triands? BU], SS} 254} Woe. 8 Yes, I have Korean fiends, A BFE] NAL? 4 Do you have a computor? BU], Boa, 8 Yes, | have one. Describe this room. Look at the picture and write the appropriate word in each blank as shown in the exemple. (wr Uae ees Aopen, | a 24 of] BBO] NAL, @ WF 2 of AS At Vos. 8 4 AFH 7HYO] ora, (4) 7H of Ae] dela. © AZo] 7A of Qo}2. © OV 27+ LEFo] WL, 30b Sino-Korean Numbers Xos’ 5 eve aoe Gon eae Semen lcs 10 | aalaloalai|afi[e2)s|ale] =| a | ~ [| [so [ao [sc |e [mo | a |e | 100) aw [ow | ae | ae | ee | aw | ae | ee [ee | oo | 1,000 | 10,000 | 100.000] 1000000 a | o | ae | ae Grammar Focus ~................++ There are two ways to express numbers in Korean. One is by using Sino-Korean numbers, and the ‘other is by using native Korean numbers. Sino-Korean numbers are used to express such things as telephone numbers, bus route numbers, height, weight, address numbers, years, months, minutes, seconds, and prices. wasclal aoey A8eIOe} AHIB plese onset ae Apso] & wer sel a ojsatesziel at Getting Ready<> © In Korean, large nambers are read based on units of ten thousand (2H) instead of thousands (), ‘Thus, 354,790 is interpreted as 35,4970 and read as 3561 4970 (— AOUr ApetRetel4Y). Similarly, 6,354,790 is interpreted as 635,4790 and read as 6352 4790 (+ S¥iAAlout ApAPHIALA), + 26354790 — 2635/4790 OjRRMAHISBE APRaIMEA @ When a number larger than I begins with 1, the initial 1 (i) is not pronounced. (BAL) 110: SHB (aes) 110: MR (QIENMDS11.1 10: BE RIMIAY (BRE IUADO) oi @ 16,26, 36. 96 are pronounced [ls] [0 As] [eres]... FAMED ‘is pronounced as either 2 or 2. When appearing in telephone nunabers, @ is used. + 8508-8254 — R2Bgol[ol] Poleat + 010-a789-0274 SUS AWWAS|(0\] SOIWAL @ There are two ways to read telephone numbers. + 7804-2577 — SBRAOI[OH) HORA! — HAL Solfor] owe et * In this case 9] is pronounced [0], not [21]. In Conversation A ABEAO] W Sojo].27 ‘A What floor is the ofice on? B OFol a, CF) 8 The 3th oor. A ASPAS7} Fol? 1 Wiheite your phone number? B 019-8729-9500¢I,2, # ite 018-8728-8600. Sat B87 4\ [4] HLS) A BW BAg Ea? A What bus do you tke? B 705i HAS EbA, (Ze) B take bus humbor 705 A Ho] Supe]? 'A-How much is the book? B 25,0002e]4]2., (o}zk2 44) 8 I's 25,000 won,Write the following numbers in Korean as shown in the example. 2) 4 ATAS7} Moya? 8 2734-36980]2].2, CLAMS SS7B)clo]2, (yA FAs} Qe e? B Ul, 20]2, 010-738-35094]].8, ( dala, QA S777} B aera (ke)l12? S4d eT (kg)°l4]2. ( vaEraAlke)l2. A 717F B ALE} O] EI (om) o].2? TSA] 4] E| (em)o] 2. ( Vile} 4 (cm) }.2, a Aly} ante. a? B 62,000He]>I]2., ( Jeojo}2, w o Native Korean Numbers e DP pene eee eae eee nee SES) HeM/M eu) cat | ot aa | og oe it [Pa | ee | eae [90 100 Bj oe | a | oe | we | oe | oe cm ge au =5 Ut ua CHS 7H og a Getting ReadyOat Native Korean numbers are used to express time and units. They are generally used along with unit nouns that express the appropriate unit when counting things or people. Examples of unit nouns include @, Of2], 7H, &f, &, and ZH In these cases, the Korean numbers that precede these nouns are written in slighty different forms: S}Lf becomes St (S44 St H), S becomes | (7H F Otel), Ail becomes Ml (71H A] EH). ll becomes | (Z2t i] 4), and AS becomes AM (Afaap AG 7H), ete. ott + 7H | St Sh FH a ee | Mh tH | acne | Cyst + 7H CHS 2h | O16! + | O18 7H e+ 2B 2H = ols +74 5 a "| | Os + 7H Ons 7H atm | aA | Bott +H i we Se, eee AB+7H Ax IH Agel 4H | Ager 7h Age +24 AB 74Unit Nouns a4 gi et 7H ae oe] te 2 = olal re eT 3 A fel Ma MA ae 4 wo | wa wats 5 cpa] | octet StH cat 6 oor | OI | OH Oat 7 wae wes | eso | eee wat wae 8 (Of oe | ogtorl | oft Ol! 9 Oe | «(OE OOO] | OR COKE o 88 ge) go ee oA gH ome | ogee | aero | gee) ome | mete In Conversation — A ERO] B yojoya? A How many family members do you have? Be] 7S2 uy] Bolo.a. 8 We are a family of four A So] B Arojoa? ‘4 How old are your younger siblings? BENS ABA Atoloa, '8 My younger brother is 28, end my younger sisters 20. ANS AT Boa. A 47] ASHE Al) 7H, Bek SEY FEAL, 4 prease give me 0 toke/buy) these three apples and one coke. 8 Ul, BE OaoeH gelych, 1 Okay, your totals 8,600 won. Getting ReadyOy Look at the picture and write the appropriate number in Korean in each blank. 2) PAPE, of} ag Qo}, (a) AE 12. 2) Bele) ao} sre) ghey a @ avt_ 7, ABE goia. ws} AT 6) 49] e128. #9] $9] Qo} 2.201014 5% 7Y Bae 20108 Li? (what Year?) 201014: 0/4) 14, 190814: APHITALE LA, 18644: MEAS ALAS ‘3 Qi? (What Month?) va | 2m ga | aa | oa | en 7a | em | ow ga jog | ae ag | oa) ea) ae | ae | 108 118 128 awe Aolg O12!? (What Day?) 1a | ea ee aa ee ea ea ea ew) we) om | ae we | ce] ee | ae | ae ae ve | ize) ise | tae | toe | ten | 172 | 182 192 | 202 | | | ase sale! | Aloial | Alalel Alale) algal tial | Agta! | ata! | orgies | jiaeen| 222] | a AG 22) Be 24a ABU | 26 27Y | 28% | 20m | 308 | 31a ose OPUS! | ONO oI OMAR oles oysiaiad | ojgywe) | clave | AAI! | atalele fa OVATE OMA CLAW OWNER ONES OER OTe reel wae 2 22!? (What Day of the Week?) io | sera same, = use ase sige sau Bee souIn Conversation | A £30] 14Z0]o].27 ‘A What's today's date? B 5S 5U(eH O)ojo a, B It's May 5. A 230] FE 2elojo] a? ‘A What day of the week is today? B 3}2.cloloj A, 8 It’s Tuesday, A oA] ABR 2? AA When did you get married? B 20010] HA Yo] SE Rol A, 8B We got married in 2001. © The Korean words for June and October are read and written as $B and A/@, respectively, not $2 and A/a. @ When asking ‘what year, # is used, and when asking ‘what month, 3 #1 is used. However, when asking ‘what day, 0(2! is used in place of $42. + 2530] B2I0}0127 (x) — S50] MRO|0IS? (0) What is today’s date? oma Look at each picture and write the appropriate dates in Korean. 1994,3,25,(2) : MPMI AMM OISA Bae TORI (00) pein ecw «cis Se oan 2d POLS ADAG () aSCHE AL O14 AL AL AL wal St ALAA at Boe Ale Swe aA aus BAL ou BA) Salo FAME =FALHe eA AL HA) AS Grammar Focus In Korean, hours are read using native Korean numbers while minutes are read using Sino-Korean numbers. When referring to a time when an action takes place, the particle Ol| is attached to the end of the time noun. 2H(P.M), MAM)Although the literal meanings of 274 and @¥ are ‘before noon’ and ‘after noon’. respectively, in Korean 2% Is typically used to mean the morning hours while 2 is used to mean the afternoon hours. Furthermore, time can also be subdivided into smaller units, including AH (daybreak), OF] (morning), 2 (noon, lunchtime}, AY (evening), and ‘ZF (night), In Conversation A Ale Ala? A What tima is it now? B 2A obs 4] Al Bole A, (9210 A.M.) B tts 98:10 in the moming. A Ale BAIR? A What time is it now? BFA] Ae Aelea. B H's tan minutas to two, (= Its 1:50.) © SA) 24) Bo]e72.) 1:50) AB Alo VojU-R? 44 What tima do you wake up? B Obs) Ue Ale] deja, (7:00) B wake up at 7:00 in the morning. gas Look at the pictures and write the appropriate time in the blanks,Wei loy=33) @ Present Tense A/V—(A)HLIC} @ Present Tense A/V—-0}/012 © Past Tense A/V-%/Y%H2 @ Future Tense V-(2)2 Ale @ @ Progressive Tense V— UC} © Past Perfect Tense A/V-St/URMOLhse? e@ Sl cones on) FAME. This is the 9 o'clock news. ae dou? Do you have any questions? A OJAS of Bai] B24 74? ‘What's your opinion ofthis? 8 eeuch, think it's good. Grammar Focus ~ ‘The present tense of the formal polite style in Korean is made by adding (A) 4 LIC}. It is used mainly in formal or public situations such as in the military, news broadcasts, presentations, meetings, and lectures. Word Stem Ends in Consonant Word Stem Ends in Vowel such Such | sume | -aume | Preis Teac) vif | ah BUC —+ QUCf (Declarative) Wee RS un satec} HLA? — ZL7\? dnterrogative) aR are ect | = —eLICf — SUC Declarative) (to come) —HLIM? —» SLM? dnterrogative)yc} BUC} — YALICH (eciarative) onan [+ avin? — 1.1212 antonooaty ech gp SHEL BOLIC eceave cost) SLIM? — BLSLIZI? drtonogatne Base Form Declarative Interrogative xc} | Lc ALDH Ends in Vowel ae om onset? + -SLICh ol etic ain Ll? O}LICh OFELICt OIL IF? “ae SHSLICt BiSUni? act wauict aiaun ae Act Catach | aeLinte + -@Uc | | aume uct | geuch | taint auc ge | eietln? Sina are In Conversation A ao] B47? A Are you going to school? BY, Sao] Zc}, B Yes, I'm going to school. AOS Baez}? ‘4 Do you eat breakfast? Bl, such. B Yes, | sat breakfast. A SES TU? fb you esi? BY, 2s2 4c}. B Yes, | exercise. ATenses 45we Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks as shown in the exemple. 2 aay? 3 Sear, > a =z ay “2 AH ayy? oe e (3) (etttch) ayaa BaA gEglo}.A? Doas it taste good? Bu], Brg a. Yes, it tastes good. A ofclol] 742.2 Where are you going? B S}alo}] 742, I'm going to school. aveala, Aa I, Hove you, Carol Grammar Focus The informal polite style is the honorific form used most in deily life. Compared to the formal polite style, this style is softer and less formal and is therefore used mainly among family members, friends, and other close acquaintances. The declarative and interrogative forms of the informal polite style are the same. The declarative form is therefore made by ending the sentence in a falling tone while the interrogative form is made by ending the sentence in a rising tone, OF is used when the word stem ends in # or -L. (@—OER is added when the word stem ends in a consonant. BC} + OF — ROKR = BIC — WOES, AIC} — ator @ If the word stem ends in the vowel +, one | is deleted. Ji} +@QR— 72 Ach 7g, eich — ete, Buc — Bue @If the word stem ends in a vowel, the following contraction can also occur. 2+ OZ — HH (Qt+ AML) wep we 1. Tenses{2 is used when the word stem ends in a vowel other than - or, @—01& is added when the word stem ends in a consonant. M+ OQ —S4OIs YC} — vol, eic}— oie @ if the word stem ends in the vowal 1, 4, or 4, the 01 of -C1& is deleted. auc +Qe = LYS IMAC} — XII, ME} — A, FIC} AD @If the word stem ends in the vowel -r, + and the O{ of O1S2 combine to form 1. HHSC] + O12 HHS (HHS + 12 — WHEL) — FC} ALS, BAC} — BRS @ When the word stem ends in the vowel |, | and the O{ of C12 combine toform 4. OFAC + O12— OAS (OA + 42 — DAB) ICI — JIA, SIOIAICE — shoiAs When the predicate ends in SICK, it is changed to aH. (Originally, 12 was added to 3} to form 5/12, but StC12 is now shortened to 32.) Bott} — Bee BHC — Beaks, Uslsict — AekHe, ofsesict — clelele, aletct — eletie ‘The verb O|Ct changes to Gi|52/0|0l|S2, with Ol1S2 used when the preceding word ends in a vowel and 0[0{1$2 used when the word ends in a consonant. @ When the noun ends in a vowel: S|AfOi2 (S/A} + oil) ARBIOICH— Atmos, O101L{0IC} — o1D{LIo2 @ When the noun ends in a consonant: |} O|O1IS2 (S|AHE + O01.) ASOICE— ALOIS, AW OIct —- Meeolollse | _BaseForm OL += BaseForm O12 += BaseForm a | etc eoie | gic Hoe wet (ach oR miuCE mR istsch (Ee ee ee | SILC pe) we: wee watt use ort 22 | OAc nie | aAisIc} aL oes |_wowslenaing | ole | weve | enoie Seg | Consonant Ending | -olol2 sWojole AAfolole —wojolsz 46In Conversation A Ala 3 AR? B salsa, ‘A What are you doing now? 8 I'm doing homework. A RA AVS Yo] a? BRS 1] Ade Fog, Wet tra do youeat une ysl eck re A He AE 2/20] S99? 8 AaolLa, ‘A What is Minu's job? 8 He's a teacher. @ In Korean, the present tense forms include not only the present tense but also the present progressive tense and a future tense in which itis clear that a future event will occur. + Present — alt= OSta2ol) CIVIC, + Progressive — AE Xia BSE SUcH/eI, + Near Future ~ A= U2) Stmo|| 21UIc}/72, | 90 to colege. | am studying now, [wl go to schoo! tomorrow, ‘The present tense is also used to express general truths and to describe things that occur regularly. “NPS Hie See Sols, + AH OMBJOICH 2718 a, ‘The Earth rotates around the sun, Iran every morning.1 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks as shown in the example. = | A SIRI? F 8 Ul, SIKIOL®, a (zh) mn te ats bl — es « a mf 8 (aa) (la) @ @ A A Hy + pe B (aw) amy 2 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks as shown in the example. a | a HL? | saree, (ates) : (2) iy Ay Ha? a B «4 ? 6) (6) AF] a2? “ NS Sst) (pale198144 38 SQol] Alo}yto]. 2. (The baby) was born on March 5, 1981 200414 289] HRS SUL, | graduated from collage in February 2004, Ado] BSBA. We got married last year, Grammar Focu: The past tense form of adjectives and verbs is formed by adding —2t/% to their werd stems. When the word stem ends in the vowel F or 1, ~2t0{@ is added, and when it ends in any other vowel, {012 is added. For verbs and adjectives ending in SEC}, —WO1 is added to form S++ RAL, which is then shortened to $101.2. In the case of the formal polite style, -Q/MASLIC and StSL|Cf are used. Mees usar ont et ai Maelo ecole ca aces Deh eiicisg SCH + ROS — BIOS | SIc}+-Moie—sWe0i@ | Bsc} BHsoie BaseForm 2012 | BaseForm | -R101@ | BaseForm | Moie 2c} soi ANC wigiojg | MASH | HARoia eich eHtOle oar} ois. gisteict | eletuoie ec egos auc age | gsc} | esxoe 4.Tenses 49°ct woe | Sct estos Basic} | geltoie zich weoie ech SHO | amsic} | AxigoIe “2Er} 6 BROIe “#Ect | Balle «ARISE «| AGIRLOI i a Vowelendng | -31012 ZsNgo2 Consonant Ending -0/101 swolgio1e ae Vowel Ending FOL I21019. | IBA OSLO. Consonant Ending 0] ofL|si012 | tao] OLLIgIOIR. * Irregular form In Conversation A ola A] Rol? ‘A What did you do yesterday? BeHw2, 8 | studied, A EQUOl] YstS Boj.a? ‘A Did you see a movie on Saturday? B Ul, HLA, aajaleloi a. 1B Yes, | saw a movie. It was interesting, A Fuel] 3 Mola? ‘A What did you do over the weekend? BBS SUR. B | listened to music. ‘While the past tense of 2c} can be written either as S@012 or HOS, and the past tense of SIC} can be ‘written either as 302 or §O{%2, the past tense of cfs written only as BAL, not 2242. + FCh + Rik — FRO (0) HoIg (0) + Ht + —gioi2 — wigio1@ (0) oie (0) + SE + -Ri0i2 — Bfo1@ (0) Qz1g (x)onus What did Carol do this week? Refer to the calendar and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using 2/2012, 710} 2 eye athe th ef Beh Ao ME OFLU] gC +1279: wy) ate (2) Bz (3) Bay +129 8: @) Hs}ol Os (©) E7} ra, +129 98: 7 Hlel7}__ . BAe} Zein, +122] 102: @ mas +129 119: @ * 129 122: (10) SSS (11) GS} 4. TensesGrammar Focus 2 Fo 24S AL lala, Pi buy a car two years from now. Sto] HAS & Ada. Vl go fishing this weekend, i) Gai Behe] SH SAMA, Vil visit China during my vacation, 19 This pattern is used to express a future plan or intention and means the same as ‘will’ or ‘is going to’ in English. It is formed by adding (2)= 74OI[ to the stems of verbs. = 7404|@ is used when the verb stem ends in = or a vowel, and —& 740i] is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant. Mere cuneate nA en ksi! Jie} +2 Ade — 2 role Neri Eee ud FC} +2 Ade — 42 Ade Base Form 2 Anis Base Form 2 01s sich | woe ick “gg ole at | 702 ee euch | Yo. aac we 72 Bratch ase role “ect 53 71012 “arc # Holz “ect #8 71012 comct | ste iis “sch Eg 702 * regular form 62A al 24] Soll Aaa? ‘4 When will you return to your hometown? B Use] Bolt Ajo] a., B Miireturn next year. A Sao] HS Aa? ‘A What will you do over the weekend? B aS SZ. 2 Il ide my bike, was The following calendar is from Wang Jing’s daily planner. What will Wang Jing do this week? Choose the ‘appropriate word from below to fil in each blank using -(2)= 7012. 2 ee ee ee SE 54 AMola, yale 54 5) ‘ejeop ojos, ae} yjel stazol) et 7} WS US REIS ay _. RAMEN] AatScte Bo] Q AADIEB . Bade) M9) 18 9) Nei, eA 2 Vel] Stat BAR|] (ay Eade Ae ANDINA, FAS SUS 6) alt ao Al eS @__ ee . Bade eH a : A.Tenses 5SWAVE Ai S92 Bz glola, Dane is listening to music now. eld Ab ag dol 7A glo}, ‘Minu is going home now. olay) 2177} ae] Stel] ASS, Alu ASE] Ae AAP BGO} 2, Yesterday, a friend called Wesley on the phone. Weslay was sleeping at that time. Grammar Focus © This pattem expresses the progression or continuation of an action and is the equivalent of ing’ in English. It is formed by adding —72 QC} to the stems of verbs. To express the continuation of an action that occurred sometime in the past, —i1 QSACt is used. IC} + 32 UEP 7h ict ACh + al CH — FA CE _ Base Form | Bae Bae | AIC ALT OR RUHR 2c | wp goa 7 olga gole ehuch ohm gloie gem giz oct 27 012 Best Zesln goieIn Conversation © ‘22 A Yaa, Az Aol Del 72. A arg lg te pols ta eet eco B us| a, 214 S413 S31 Qo]a, 8 I'm sorry, out I'm doing my homework right now. A of ob) ashe @ eistol2? ity Sa ehamower ee pnea union 2 AF} glsiolo, i era toe A alg olejola) At 01.9? a Wea ng ra B ALSO] Ah? Yoja, 8 I'm living in Seoul. “To express that an action simply occurred in the past, the simple past form ~Sh/204 is used. A OFR| EKO? What ss you co yesterday? 8 SIONAL At stole (x) — SIOAY AISHOIS. (0) relaxed at home, gare aerretne soneenmmere nen was Lock at the pictures and fill in the blanks as shown in the example. a Aa a aia? 5 Hors AT Mog, (lol ZICH) | 2) cay, Aled 8122 & A BS ¥] aL? < 8 x (aleretty) (eset we CS) ASS A Aa ot = 42? Bo} 2. (axe Bc) (3S ech) 4. Tensesé BSH] ARAL. | have been to the U.S. (wert to, and have already retumed from, the U.S) SHANA ANML, 1 (have) ved in China. (don't tive in China now) obs 17} SEO, My father was overweight. (He's not overweight now.) This pattern is used to express something or a situation that occurred in the past but did not continue or something separate from the present because it occurred much earlier than when the speaker is describing it. It approximates to ‘did/had (in the past)’ in English. It is formed by adding -WBOAL to the stems of verbs and adjectives with stems ending in the vowel F or -L. Otherwise, -WMOH is added. For verbs ending in SHC}, 3494012 is added. NCU =ne tN anc STEN Moda ag AC} + MMOS — NOS IC} + -Aola — BIeeIOIa Besic} — Bwaoiw Base Form 21/21. Base Form R/ AOD tc ASO ect usizole Act xsi | AC susie. HEC aH S act Buroieict | eiiscie | | aringoia wsict que | Bi iBIgiole “ect SUNIL | caRsioe * Irregular form In Conversation @ & A SHS ot w]e? A You don't smoke? B AE HHS BAe a. B I smoked last year. But | don't smoke now. Ag 4|at AS et wg 2. A 2S Hfejoh Alle] gola, ee ee B SS ARTO] Bstse 2. There were many people (there) in the summer, A Satol ¥] R1a? ‘A What did you do aver the weekend? B RAYSEM ANo1#, B I went to Lotte World, It was really interesting, ob aa) go, Expresses that something simply occurred Expresses a past occurrence that does not in the past or that an action or situation that continue to the present. ended in the past has remained that way. + HAI hol eto Bois, + HS Sho} BiROH Stsio12. {Dane may sil be in Korea. We don't know what (Cane came to Korsa and later left; he isnot in Koraa happened ater ne came to Korea. He may be in ew) some place other then Korea) + HM MOL 1H Sel atgizCLO, + HIE MOI 1H agtoig. (Cane previously lived in Seoul for one year, but now (Dane has been ling in Se0u! for one year he does not ive in Seoul) He previously lived in Seoul for one year, but we don't know where he lives nove)qa ‘What was Hayeong like 10 years ago? Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks as shown in the example. SIE AS OS A HGIO12, (rag each ag ale (Pt ACH aie (olel7t ac) 8 AS i (male 2 ch a9 ae (ainis et eichi Ceveze pa Ae Expressions @ Word Negation © 2 AV-O1/O12 (A/V-AI 2012) @ & V-0l/012 (V-A] Rol 2)aS Apepolola, @ She is Korean, aS Abeto] of eya, She is not Korean. £9] Yoia, ‘eee =] Mola. | don’t have any money. aaape efop.g, 1 know Korean. see Beha, | don't know Korean, Grammar Focus © Negative sentences can be made either by negating the entire sentence or by negating a word. When making a negative sentence by negating a word, O|C} is changed to OFLICE, QIC Fis changed to SIC, and QICf is changed to SC}. Of these, OLLICt is written in the form O|/7# OFLICH, but when used in the spoken form, O|/7tis often omitted. Muu leeuecce rere Rs y OHLICH = Olt OFEILICE OFLoll BICt — QUE SEC} Sct SBuUct | eg> BLP 7} BhHofoH. a? A tain stent OL], BVO] off o].2, AY YO]O].2, @ No, he's not a student. He's a teacher. ol-}a, So] of Jo} AARYeloHa,) o A 2% Alzt go}a9 {Do you have some tims today? B OHA, 235 A}ZEGIOLA. UPMLA, 8 No, Idon't have any time toxay. I'm busy. A wo}S oo}.a? ‘A Do you know Japanese? B oS, Seh2, 8 No, I don't know Japanese Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks as shown in the example. A ulat A}eo}o}. 2.2 BOR, ust AOI nog, Ys! A}}ojoH.A. Ada Ba? 8 ofS, x ae _ EHoloI2, a lel AI7E Sho? Bota, 7H 2 A Bale} a A} 3112? soja, ay AAI Ae sS qora7 sachin, ALANS dees RAZ BOER, 2 Noga Expressions 67Ale 2Yo}S A Foe, G AE 2481S 4A] Bora.) | don't eat squid, ARE O ea, HE az] eo...) ‘Those shoes aren't pretty. ufo] ef wloy.8. = wo] 2] eoh2..) “The room is nat spacious. This pattern is added to verbs and adjectives to negate an action or state. It approximates to ‘not’ in English. It is formed by adding Qf to the front of verbs and adjectives or —X| GLO} to the end of verb and adjective stems. Qt + JIC} — et ES JIE} +R] BOL — 71x] BOR? 2+ Sc} — eae Ac} +—A] Moke — 22) Gore Because verbs that end in SfC} are comprised of ‘Noun + SIC}’, they are negated by adding Qt to the front of the verb, forming ‘Noun 2t S}CP. Adjectives, on the other hand, are negated by adding OF to the front, as in ‘Ot + Adjective’. Note, however, that for the verbs SO}SICf (to like) and 4J0{S}C} (to dislike), because they are not verbs in the form of ‘Noun + S{C}, but rather are indivisible, single verbs, they are written as Qt BOFSHCL/BOPSHA] BICH and St OHSICH/AOLStAL SAC. 62Qi+ sit} — 2 of sis Asic} +2] Borge — Aor] Bore Qt + Siwaict — ef alate BASIC! + -2| BOR — AASiA| Bors 2+ Rorsict — ot Borsie/Borsial Bole (c) Bot ot she (x) Base Form wave | aL BF ect Or ete ER] Soh Ee ces & woe al gos - Sect ata weisiz| ole Byaict ae et ale Bait gos “ct 2h cise ex] yole “ict 9h aoe xl go} * Irregular form Although 2F and —X| QC} can be used in declarative and interrogative sentences, they cannot be used in imperative or propositive sentences. + 71412 (x), 7] E2412 (x) 713) 9H}42-(0) Pease don't go + EBACE OO, HA] BBA (x) 14) wale (0) Lets not at In Conversation A Bu7|S Sops]27 ‘A Do you like Korsan bulgogi? 8 Oh|2, Ae w71S ek Hola, B No, Idon’t eat meat. A ENS] SA}oH 71-22 A Do you go to the office on Saturdays? BYR, EQSlojl= 7}2] ole. 8 No, on Saturdays, I don't go to work. a ao] Beja? As your house far away? B Ya, e ola, 771912, 8 No, its not faraway. Its close. 2. Negative Expressions OGLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks as shown in the example. A mBq HH} RA? | SB B OWI R, WrHAL, / HUAI Bor2, AQ BSS 32? BOHR, amd Seen? Boa, A 0] 2012? Bo, A Al O27} SAR? Boje, 641K) can'tewin, Seema, © 242 22 ul] Zea.) | can't drink today. AS HS KE BAM, © AE LHS FEZ] RHQ.) | can't sing, Grammar Focus © This pattern expresses the subject's lack of ability to do something or the fact that something does not 90 according to one’s wish or hope due to some external factor. It corresponds to the English ‘cannot’ and is formed by adding & in front of a verb or —X| S284 to the end of a verb stem. (See also Unit 6. Ability and Possibility 01 V-(2)= + aiclyeich) B+ 7h 272 ict + —2] Bale — 7/x| Voie Rt Vasict > Qa] Rokk (o) & Velo (x) Base Form R-o/2 i =X] ZaH2 a) Ze Eb] Bais. a: ae pe & qos ‘Hal R312 aiaich on he agaist] ee on ee ee st 2 Bolg 2x] 812 * Irregular form: 2. Negative ExpressionsA 28012? Boa, 241 Bale, SAS A ROM, A 9 BS ek Boia? 8 ol7} ofA, “La4) 2] eae, @ Combines with both verbs and adjectives. Stano}| 21 742, (©) 4) don't goto school OEP} GF OFM, (0) Tha skit i nol pretty. @ Expresses not doing something regardless of ability or external conditions. AE SEZ Ct SG. | don't dive. {Hinew how but don't want to} +262 ANS sir] Role, Liwon't go shopping tocay. {| simply con't feel tke going shopping) wee ‘A Bo you drive? B No, I can't drive. | never learned how. A Why aren't you eating? @ My tacth hurt, so I can’t eat, @ Combines with verbs, but not normally with adjectives. + SURO} 5-742, (0) (cant go to seneo, + Aloft Solis (x) @ Used when one is unable, oritisimpossible, to do something, + HE SNS EAM. teantarve {ould ke t be able to dive but cant ds to sore sxtonal circumstance, such as eg injury) + SES AB sal Reig, { cen't go shopping today. (want to 90 shopping but can't cue to some ‘extern creumstance, such 2 lack of money ortime) Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using ‘< as shown in the example, 8 OW2, Roe / DEAIKI BOW, Fol 7422 Bora, ume a ARS, SS UAL? ae] 42) Bel 3 A oll] BS 30] 2? Boh A, 7} GRR,Particles @ Nol/7t @ng/e @nz/s ® N22, N(olzt, NSE @ ne @ Nol @ @ Nol @ © Nol @® NOW NZI, NS#E1 NZI ® Notlzi/stel @N= @ net © N#toll @NS)z2 & NOL D ® NOL @ @ne ® NAH, NZ] ® N=ct ® NolctWA} Fork, The weather is nice. NS] S-E7} AUB, ‘Along time ago, there was a princess. AZ| AE AED. There's Jaojun coring (this way), Grammar Focus 1 0]/7} is added to the end of a subject to designate it as the subject of the sentence. For words ending a vowel, 7} is added, and for werds ending in a consonant, O| is added, +29 SS Fog, Joe! eats bread, ‘When 7} is added to Lt, H, and 5-1, they combine as follows: WW MME ete | + U7 EEO, tm Richa. U7} RIMS OIR. Ox) + R7t SEA, M11 do it AI} BAAR. (2) + 457} BASHMOLD? Who wil clean up? SE F7t AASHOID? (X) Particle GSom 4. Some friends have gathered to have a party. What will each of the following people be doing? Look at the pictures and fill In the blanks using 0|/?}. @) A 7} ARS BS Age? 8B A @) a 4-7} Alle ths Aaa? B Alas wes Ada, @) 4 2h, +7} SEES 4 74e]82 B Of, Ere Ta, (4) & “12]5t +7} Shs Su) e 7] 2? __ She Ene Aaa. 2 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 01/7}. @ a WA He, ee Bau wells, ¢ > 8) a | co =P) Alsiglola,ehgsPIN? Als Woleya, Hello, 'm Dane, Be 7p AM, SYS Wt obs, [My older brother is tall. My younger brother Is short HU Ae PSS AHR, APA Se KAA, Bud! is good at sports. Studying, however, is net his forte 1 £/£ designates the topic, or the target of exposition, of a particular sentence or group of sentences. Thus it means the same as ‘as for’ or ‘regarding’. For words ending in a vowel, = is added, and for words ending in a consonant, 2 is added. oA te Ae, I'm Korean, + 2] AE ML: ASIC, Richard is 29 years od AAIS TAD, matewer 2 2/£'s also used when referring to something mentioned earlier in a conversation or when talking about something already known by both sides in the conversation. In other words, 2/= is used when expressing ‘old! information +e Wiel ALAS gba, AST AE elo go}, Iiimeet Yoko tomrrow. Yoko came from Japen, + ASS Flo} FBO] Zio} A, 4G. AE OMBEH HOLA, | went to New York last year. New York was really beautiful. + ghee] Ghd} BOL. LAH: obo }so] FY slo a. (Once upon a time, there lived a man. He had two sons. 3, ParticlesIn Conversation 2/¢ is used when comparing or contrasting two things, and, in such cases, it can be attached not only to subjects but also the objects or other parts of the sentence + PAS ols} Ao oa, Tale See es} ARCA, Eric is American. Junho, howeve, is Korean. (eubject comparison) AS She SR, 181th OFS Sols} Bop, {Ike soccer However, | dont cara for basaball (@bject contrast) + APSA eo] HOUR. SARE bMS 9] 2] Osho} a. ‘Snow fen Seoul In Pusan, however, snow did not fall (location contrast) AAS 0129 Do you have apples? BOR] A, WE OLA. No, (but) we have peers. (alludes to the fact that while there are no apples, there are, however, pears) Derr rani eer nee ect ies ALES 7188 Soke. MOWAZ SlAfol2. | AIBEE S02 ABS SSO UHL. & A HEY 2}99] Fa] 2? 'A What do your parents do? B CHAZ = SA} ola, B My father isa company employee, Jalal UL AAPQoo.2, ‘And my mother is a teacher. A Es} uj? A How's Tokyo? BEE Bo] Bea. B Tokyo is really crowded, A Megs}? aS Bach, 4s Hell, I'm Dane, B gaa? as AB a, 8 Hell I'm Caro. 'm American. “is ARB) A,A The following is Tiruen’s self-introduction. Read it and fill in the blanks appropriately with 2/=. PIAL? (1) Al Ole BSA 2, @ 4 aE Aree) ofR. @ A De eeo|a, a) seo] ols SH e12. Ae 71H] 3S 2 918. 6) OFA] Sola, @ 2el2 oe AA oleso, @s4__ Hea, @ S3__ BS Sora, @) A__ SS Sr AS, AA SSS Bo] HB, 10) TSA TY__—- HAYA. 2 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 2/. () 9] ARE 24) Aaa. 2) 33 4 Ss Hol AoAi $to1.2., @) 2°) H2., MAS Heche, ) Me] Tel] ool, we] ob} go} a. 3. ParticlesHe At BSH BLA, _ Bugi watches a movie opi} ABS goa. Dad reads the newspaper. RS 7} SS Bojan, ‘Yoko listens to music. Grammar Focus The object particle &/# is added to a noun to express that the noun is the object of the sentence. For nouns ending in a vowel, Sis added, and for nouns ending in a consonant, & is added. Common verbs that require this object particle include YC} (to eat), OLAICH (to drink), SOFSHC {to like), SCF (to read), EAC (to see), BHLICH (to meet), ACH (to buy), 7HEAICH (to teach), HECK (to learn), and AAC} (to write), In colloquial speech, /Z is sometimes omitted. eter nakcmcneae AME OS S202 Sate Bie dee 2 ape vue Ades ue TEE A Rei2 nee SS ace 2In Conversation ATE SES Sra? ‘A What kind of exercise do you like? BSS Soha, B | like soccer, A PAS wea? ‘A What do you study? BUS MAR, B I study Korean, A 23 8 Bh} a? A Who will you meet todey? BoA} FS why, 8 I'l meet my aiffend, <> ae © N+ dtc}—neatct ‘When 2/3 is omitted from verbs like 3 Sich, +8 Sic}, SEZ SIch, and 4144S atch, the form becomes shortened to a single one-word form: BIC, Balch SEI, and Awstc}. However, for the verbs Bojstc} and Mofstch, because SOP and AJO{— are not nouns, the forms BopstC} and ‘A0}3HCH are the one-word verb forms, @ Asi27 ‘The question noun 794 can be shortened to 70), which can be further shortened to 9. Thus, the question #5 3127 can be shortened to @! aif22, which can be further shortened to 4 sh22? This form is often used in conversation. a F015 + F918 8197 — 9IB 819? — § 212? — 9 #427 om Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using #/S. (2) A RP 7} SS: 0? A Se] APE SS aha? pe BELO. paso] gla, 8 >, a x7} Hea? B éAs Hs} Ble Soraya, e | like watermelons and strawberries, (= AS G71 HUhS Fopsi.a.) i srr wri ofa] 7PaeLeF BAKE ALLS, Sei Sara ne ba (= 14 BA PHS aoe.) Yesterday, | bought a hat and a bag. I'l have a hamburger andi coke, please. Grammar Focus ‘1 These particles express the listing of various things or people and correspond to ‘and’ in English. 2/2} is used mainly in writing, presentations, and speeches while (0|)@f and S}1 are used in everyday conversation. For nouns ending in a vowel, 2f or Zt is used, and for nouns ending in a consonant, Zor O|2f is used. StI is used regardless of whether a final consonant is present. eto saints ota ee Dene ar Runecut ou ies RSH HAO] VSUCL AZo SAS SUCt SOPSS OWS S]AfoH] 742. | - SMe Ae O0/ARBS Sosa, sais biel ic Aol2. RAD SSS S AZ, | 2 These particles can also indicate the target with which the subject performs an action and ‘correspond to '(together) with’ in English. When indicating such a relationship, Zt0| and Sta] normally follow the particle. + Uj ZPepSt Ze] BOS = 7Jo]A. | plan to see a movie (together) with my friend tomorrow.+ 7SS BA FBS 7D Aon, I want to go on a trip (together) with my family. + $2] Abst Zo] AAlebots Shall we have lunch (together) with the teacher? In Conversation ~- @ ee A Wolf +7} WS47? ‘A Who's in the classroom? BAS Ha BRS] euch, 8 The teacher and students (are in the classroom). A BE LAS Sopa a7 's What kind of food do you like? BWM BS Sorea, 8 | like naengmyeon and kimbab. ann —— ae © When functioning as particles to list things, (0)}@ and 8132 can be added to the final noun in the list, but 21/3} cannot. + BIXIE IIS AOI (0) + HiNtoia 7Hate 4tO1g. (0) + HIZIS 7S A012. (0) | bought pants and « 6ag. + 201g 7/WOle 2, (0) + RSID 71WSI AE, (0) + RD} HETERO) I buy clothes and a bag @ Although 21/2}, (0))2, and 8121 can all be used similarly to list things, they cannot be mixed within the same sentence. + Hie S7ISt UILILIota. Bolt AS Sores. (x) + HE 71S} MHLW} Bat ZS BOS, (0) | tke strawberies, bananas, tangerines, and persimmons. “ME B716D ULL BED AS Holei2 (oc) + HS 7/2 BLL! Bola 2H@ Bolsta. (0) a) ATRE SHHL? A Of Moly EB Blo}? eae 2 oak ws 718 Beta, ola, AS Fam o¥e . ee 2 Hea? 5 age | waa, CeIAS Ase] Zola, G oa Ae] Aoloja.,) This is Wesley's book one Hr as] Aa aluct, Go#e Fo 4 Aad.) ‘This is Bud's teacher Al ole BSL, © AS] eS BSq]Uth.) ‘My name is Yoko. Grammar Focus 2] expresses the possessive relationship of the first noun being the possessor of the second noun. It corresponds to the possessive ‘of’ or (Noun)'s’, in English. When 9 is used in this possessive sense, it can be pronounced as either [2]] or [04[] although [0f[] is used most often. Furthermore, the particle 21 is often omitted in colloquial speech. In the case of pronouns representing people, such as Lf, A, and L}, rather than being omitted, 2] combines with each to form L}2] — LH, 742] — A], and L42} — Ui. Ina sentence, 21 is placed between the possessor and the possession AINE] OfO4L) (= ALAS ofD{L)) alo| May (= 22] Mate) Lio} ai /uy a AQ] 018 /A 01 49] AH/t4 2 a @In Conversation A ORS SPS} OAH? a AS mo] 2abeluep, A ORS FFPel] 2? B Ale AS] oejyaa, A 13°] Hele? 8 7) BS oe 42, ‘A Whose umbrella is this? 8 It's Jacjun's umbrella ‘A Who is this person? 8 (She's) Jason's mother. ‘A What's your name? 8 My name is Lee Minu, When referring to a group with which one is associated (home, family, company, country, or school), it is common to use the pronouns $21/7481 in place of Lt Also, $22] is used in place of Mf and Ly when referring to one’ family members. However, in the case of 44, 4 4 and | S24 are used more often than $2] S44 (our younger brother/sister). + Ul I fy house) a + UH 7% omy fami = + AL SIAF my company) A L&E my country) = + A S22 (my school) = + Uf CICA ony mother) = + a Of (my fatnor = + 2 SILI imy older sister) = + HA EBY/OFLH (my husbandinile) > + Ail /OHS (my daughter/son) i “7A 48 (my younger brotherisister) 221 &I (my/ow house) 22 21% onfour fami » 22] BIA} (my/our company) P2lL42t ¢myfour country) 22] Bf (mur achoo) $221 O101L1 ¢myfourmotner 22] OFSAL eryfourftnen $22] 214] rylour aldor ston 22) EIBVOLA (ny husbanchwie) 22] S/O1E (you deugmeis0n) ‘When showing respect to the listener, 34, the humble from of $224, is used. Examples include #18) 0{0{ U and %43) O}:4), However, when referring to one's country, only 22|L{21 is used, not X18] Lie}. tetera 9. ParticlesLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 21. A ole 9] 7h¥oloH.22 8 7HHoIoH. A) A TRE 79] 2}zoloh.a? 3 aigelel2. (E] a) A 7 PARES TPQ? B (2s, 29 A ORES PaO? Bolte (221, of4U))AT} BFA Oh. My friend is coming to Korea. So] eta] ys, IMy little brother goas to school the dol] seo] Soya. | go back to my hometown next month. Grammar Focus 1 | is used mainly with the verbs JIC} (to go), SCF (to come}, CHIC} (to attend/commute), OLICK (to return), SEAFSHC} (to arrive), BELECE (to go up), and LYBA7ECH (to go down), It expresses the direction in which a particular behavior proceeds. It corresponds to ‘to’ in English. ‘OHS! SIAtoH 74S el Nol QH2 Blo CHS 2 Ollis also used with QIC} and Q{C} to express the location of a person or thing. It comesponds to ‘in’ or ‘on’ in English. (See also Getting Ready 02 2Ic} (to be)) + St Ha] BOrA|7} Noa. The dog is on the sola. + Ale Boll 1714S} $480] ois. Right now my mother and Ile brother/sister are in the house. 3.Paticles 8In Conversation A elejoy 7422 A Where are you going? B Ys}go] 7-2, 8 I'm going to the department store. A Sal M7} AYA TPElo] 9-89 {A Is Yoko coming to the birthday party? Boh, gabe, ihrer leet, A QS QF} HL? 1k Wat wil you do tis aternoon? B Aaa 72, 8 I'm going tothe bookstore. Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using ol. A Aa AZ} olc}ol] 73:2.2 8 A Le 7 thts SARL? BY, SURIL, 23 A Ale SJ] Ofc gloja? B A ASP )7} 144] 3ho}.2.? BAl OF 8A} Bopp, Bae | wake up at 8:00 in the morning, 3H 22] Ayo] Bole. | came to Korea on March 2, ELM] wh}, ‘See you on Saturday. iis also added to nouns that indicate time and expresses the time when some action, event, or situation occurs. It corresponds to ‘at’ or ‘on’ in English. Off can also combine with the particles = and & to form OE and Of. eran Riu 200904), 4}A0il Hol, LAOH Aol, XILHIOL, Olt SoH, CHS Glo | Day 48 1820), AGLOH, ofZI0/LioH, ==21AcLAoH | Day of Week ALaol, |2Lol, Aol Time : BE Alo}, S240}, SoH, oF oH, 74H Season ‘ol, O1Rol, 7101, 71201 8, ParticlesOf the nouns that indicate time, Of] cannot be added to 1%] (= 171A) (the day before yesterday), O1AIl (= O12471)) (yesterday), SS (today), LHL! (tomorrow), 224 (the day after tomorrow), or 2471] (when). + lalla Atel a. (x) — o}] A548 Bela, (0) I met my friend yesterday, Lol BSE S Aaa. (x) — Wel BHF B AaB, (0) | plan to see a movie tomorrow. = Mao] Ae 7-22 (x) — Mal DEH 7:27 (0) ‘When will you go to Japan? In Conversation A HE B Ale] 22? ‘A What time do you normally go to sleep? Be YT 11 Jo 28, B Lusually go to sleep et 11:00 PM. A Al Deol] Bors Aaa? ‘A When will you go back to your hometown? B Ud 62] Sols Aa. B I plan to go back in June of next year. A RH AZbO] Voda? ‘4 Do you have time on the weekend? BY], Fete A1zto] gloda. B Yes, Ihave time on tha weekend ‘When more than one noun representing time is used in a sentence, then ol is added to the final noun only. + 4S F0] SSQo| O*0} 104) sowol eILIS. (x) — 12 = SVU OM 104) so#ol BIS. (0) Let's mest next Saturday at 10:30 A.M. g| Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using oj. A B99) BR Z)o] B48? 2 A MR] Ha] Boia? 8 a Bl AS] Ae] me]S ola] aa? B Ar] Ae ea] Aza? B® aio] 719, Aso] FAS a0, I'm going to school. | study at school. Sse] oA, SAAT BEES HOLA, | wont to the theater. | saw a movie at the theater. Adel J Aaa. ASIA WS AS Ais, ''m going to the cafeteria, I'll eat at the cafeteria. Grammar Focus OI|AY is added to the end of nouns to express the place at which some action or behavior occurs. It corresponds to ‘at’ or ‘in’ in English. HSESOI Aso, SALA S312. PABOIM BAB SUS. ANigOlAl 7iN}e OAS, | UASeOI Sete,In Conversation A ojcjol]A| 4t0}.2.? BASHA Aoh-2. ‘A Where do you live? B I live in Seoul A O17] ol 2? BBS ATS titolg. AUS 4 S422 A What will you do toriorrow? B EAM BR Aaa, 8 study atthe tibary ex> or = When used before the verb AICf, the particles o| and Af can both be used. There is very litle difference ‘in meaning. + HE MOl AOID (0) Describes the stale of iving or existing in Secu!) + HE MGIA{ 410}. (©) (Emphasizes the actor bohavor of Iving in Saou!) ‘A What did you do yesterday? 8 | met my friend at Myeongdong, Pa aT Indicates the place where a person or thing is located or moves and is mainly used with verbs denoting movement, location, or existence. + ABS Hao Qo12. (0) ity Hal isn Seoul + HoH 104210) BiOL2. (©) “The hovse does not have an air conditioner. o Alsen Ue eis. Go} + SiO SIROHE HHO, (0) oH BOIS MIHOID, (x) (learned ne Koran language a acho. Indicates the place where an action occurs and is used with a variety of verbs. + AIS MBOIA 2042, (0) + HlOWAY O10}Z40| SiOHR. (><) + AISOIAL SHS e012. (0) | eatin the dining room. BPatcesLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks using oll. 4 OTSA e922 8 a o}cloyy labs E22 B A EQS] Fe Aa? B A 9} 20) 3] glo}?Sal A) Ase. I walked home from school. ASMA HAbAZ| AI] Gap Az2? How long does it take to gat from Seoul to Busan? 2A SABE OF SAI) Lah, Twork from 9:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M. Grammar Focus ‘These particles express the physical or temporal range over which an action or event occurs and correspond to ‘from... to...’ and ‘from... until...’ in English. When expressing physical locations, normally ‘Noundi]44 Noun)" is used, and when expressing a range of time, ‘Noun5#E] Noun?}X| is used. Sometimes, however, both expressions can be used with no distinction. ea MN gle i hore CG HOA Sta7}2| HAS 202 Baye, AMAZE QS 1A\HE 2AAIQLCH. SRO SEMA wR B+ YUoig, BLUSE] SLI7|| S{inol| 7-2, 42/01 7 EX] SE O|EX(m)oH 2? THE SBA] BSlOlo|2. (= O17 EA |74| & O|E{(m)ol2?) (= 7 BoA] 8B7| BSt0jo2.)In Conversation & A 47] Sht7}4| Bola? 4 Is it far from here to school? BU), HAR AS aaa, 8 Yes, it takes about one hour by bus. AO} EARS ELV] ZS YY? A lettin tora open on Saturdays? BY, HAUS Oa 10x}24] 8 Yes, on Saturdays, i's open from 10 AM. unl 4 PM. 2% 4x)7A] AUCH, A SSA STH] 0] i] 712.2 ——_& How do you get from Myeongdong to Dongdaemun? B Ae-a 48.442 Eb! 7p 2, 8 Please take subway line 4 gous Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using either O1A{~7IXI or S=1~717|. KAS AP art ag? 8 Ha7|= It aed, A any deja? 8 74A= 10H Aaa, AB ALPE] # Al742) Aalalztolo}. 2? 8 2+ 14] 2A] aac, A UATE] Cal7}4] Stat el). 8 shal S12. (10, 8-10, 10)27} AS Al ABS Suh. ‘> Jagjun gives a present to Gero. AAS] ASH] Usho1S 7S AC, ‘The teacher teaches Korean to the students, SHO] AR US AL, My litle sister feeds the dog. Grammar Focus [24] SHE] are added to nouns representing people or other living creatures and indicates that the noun is the recipient or target of an action. $tEl] is more colloquial than O4{74]. Of|71|/StEl] are only used when the preceding noun is a person or other living creature. Otherwise, (for plants, things, places, etc.) Oj] is used, 0{|2i[/StEl| cannot be used with all verbs. The limited number of verbs they can be used with include ECT (to give), MBIT (to give a present), FIAIC} (to throw), EALHC} (to send), 542 |Cf (to ship/send), OIC} (to attach), ACH (to write), AS}SH} (to phone), BC (to ask), 7HERICt (to teach), BSHLH (to speak), BICt (to sell, 7ECf (to go), and QC} (to come), or eer lie Vs | MTU wea ccc hol AS | ol 2S AQ Rola ARS LYS HzO] AVS sys AMA Be S|Atoi] Boje s a pete MeHe AHPAlol| TBH Of |7} Sobstell Sta Bt Fel Soll 212.In Conversation A ete] Bz}S AB? ‘A Who are you writing a latter to? B We Bee] ANS AB, B Fim writing a letter to my friend back home. A 2 BS 4122 ‘A Why did you buy flowers? B oz} Aete] AST Aaa. BT golngto give nem to my gitend as a present A Ag, Gh Bale SPS 7} A Teacher, ha isthe phone number for Namsan Mo] 2? Seen a ujgs|a, 2 Sepa, fm sory, but | don't know, Please cal iactony 1140] alata waa, sssstance at) 114 <> © When giving or doing something for someone equal or lower in social status than the speaker, oli FECt is used. However, when the target of the action is someone of higher social status to whom the speaker must show respect, the honorific 7 is used in place of O71/8#2H, and 2c} is used in place of Cp. (See also Introduction to the Korean Language 5. Honorific Expressions) US BONA ABS SQBUICH — Ue Rolex Me SROLICt {gave a precent 0 my Grarcna + ARIEIOUH Mehe SRELICL — API SRS Smet, | rade cal to the bess, + OfuIAlOHAA SEMELICE — OFX SHR RRALICH tld my fates, @ When receiving or learning something from another person, OJ] ZEC}/HHECH or BIELAY WIC /EHS Chis used, Aj can also be omitted, in which case the expression becomes Of7|| ¥C1/4} 2c} or Stel] Wt Hvac. When the thing being received or learned comes from a person of higher social status, the ‘honorific 74 is used in place of olf}Ai and ZEAL + Uy) SRL FOIA LES wRSLCh = HH Meol Aol MES wersucy, | got a present tom my enc: on my birthday. + ORO HEIDE SIRS HeRSLICH, INearnad Korean from my eactor, Lee veonge. + ORS cf Sto}ilxtal GLxtS weRIALIC. Heared Chinese characters from my grandfather when Iwas Iie, ORO AMM StEH SIRS UH SE UC.Look et the pictures and fill in the blanks using oll7i)/ste!. Ma 7h tb 7 Asa, ole) 7} aa 282 28d. a At. $e aac. BS AE ee ec.Oe We Ue AOA. @ Ae]at ARE = AOlo A, Mukul Is Indian, And his friend is also Indian. onal 717} Ag, 2D A= 7I7} AQ, My father is tal, And | am tall, too. 24 Ae ABS Sora, 2e]a a7|= Soraya. Wang Jing likes applas. And she likes strawberries, too, Grammar Focus . Eis used after subject and object nouns to express the listing of subjects and objects or the addition of a subject or object to one mentioned previously. This meaning corresponds to ‘also’ or ‘too’ in English. Ute She APBIQILIC], ela SIAR St APB ALC}. OBIXHE 0] GSLICL Tala ZH BRSLICL. Ube ABS BOrsicich. ela ets SopsiLict. US SSS SUC. dala Sse SBUch. When added to a subject particle, the subject particle is omitted, leaving only 5. Ue BS Aol a. Dalal AHS sy Ape}, (x) the ay Apa, Dela Ze SF AN o]eH.a. (0) I'm Korean, And my friend is also Korean.Similarly, when added to the object particle, S/H Is omitted, leaving only =. + Us= AHS Sopsya, De]at 7] Solas, (x) — Ute ASHE $opsHM, De]at G7] = FopsyA, (0) Like apples. Andi (ike) strawberries, too. When & is added to particles other than subject or object particles, however, the other particle is net omitted. + Deo] AY} Vola. Deja v)Hopse AP Boia. (0) | have a friend in Japan. And (\ have a friend) in the USA, too. Azo] AY} Qol2, Te} w]e AY} Qo}B. (x) + Aoi BPO, TelT. EAROPTE Beaha, (0) | study at home. And (| study) in the library, too. AA BHAA, Del EAE BHAA. (x) + APOHA ASS FUR. Deja! SYM ASS FUR. (0) | gave a present to my friend. And ( gave a present) to my younger sister, to0. ASA AES $O1O. 2171 HAE ALS FOIA, (x) In Conversation dieck, \S2/ A Foe WS Ao]9? A What will you have to eat? a Hehe Fe Jala, 8 ("i have bibimbap. And I'l have doenjang stew, too Ae|n Sabai IS Falls, ALE TAS HAR? 'A What do you study these days? B erolS ua. B I study Korean, And | also learn taekwondo. Ae|T YAS ye, A OA] BA Belo] +7} Qoj.a? ‘A Who came to the birthday party yesterday? B Ube 27} Soja, 8 Martin came. And Yoko also came. Az|T QS WE Zea, 9,Particies 95Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using =. a FE S412 Solel? SEIS Fog, Jen vet Fora, 4 A Ye7k eH 29 ie 8 SEQ 7} aah a 2R* Yy ® & daa A ofa HE Bio} a? Bas. : ae] of ast A A AHA POLS ate] 2? Bas aaaa 2 Bato] a ANE Ho}2., Coat Se) ag at a aes TH AS ofa et FolQ, w7|" Bola, Dane doesn't eat vegetables. (He) only eats meat. SER 7th a] AB, Please wait for just five minutes. Grammar Focus Gt expresses the choosing of one thing to the exclusion of other things. It corresponds to ‘only’ or ‘just’ in English. When used after a number, it can also mean ‘minimum’. It is used by adding @t to the end of the word being chosen or being stated to the exclusion of other things. | JHE! MIS UEXIBE CIO. Carol only wears pants, AASS BLU so12. ‘That restaurant is closed on Mondays only. SeAS| AILIDY MILE AFZISt 74012 | will love only Jennifer for eternity. F2| Ole SF SY AlVet aa, Our child just plays games all day long. The particle 2t can be used either in place of the particles O[/7}, 2/+, and S/, or it can be used together with them. When used together, Bt is added first, followed by O|, &, or &, to form B40], St ©. and BS. + £O10 Feho] YeIo}a, (0) = Aco] upstol gstsHo4a. (0) ‘Only Junho was accepted to the university. sedi te ake of alot is}atet gloia, (0) =H1Oe HE We ct gla WOES glola, (0) bu ics boc bead ne otter ackHowever, when used with particies other than O|/7}, 2/=, and S/S, Bt comes after the particle, to form OAIEE, OMAIBE, and HEXIBE, for example. + F2] SS LOA SPSS BoA SHS] BOHR. (0) Our daughter studies only at school, and doesn't study at home. FASS FMA SPAS DOA SSH] BOHR. (x) + BS MOA ARS BL (0) | gave a present just to Junho. ES WPA ASS BAB. 00) = AOS AE 12A|7}2| 8k BALS}a! A}. (0) Jason studies only until 12 o'clock, and then sleeps. Alles ARS 1A REMALRE SPST! AEB. (x) In Conversation & A BYE] ct oa? ‘A Have all the students arrived? B Ft] AR et Yoja, 8 Only Budi hasn't arrived. 2 spe oh sola, The others have all arrived. A Aso] Aas} 2 OAR? ‘A Do you take both sugar and cream in your coffee? B age go} Fala, 8 dust sugar, please. oes Look at the pictures end fill in the bianks using 2. AAD AS} QA] LEO] A}zo/o}. 2? Borys, HS a) a SHOE AAS Wola? 8 hye, (#24) a dee] AIAE BA} DS a2? Bora, cn)Aap} & 7Hebell ek gror a. There's only one apple left. WAL] rere Bola, ‘There's nothing but milk in the refrigerator. ASS 7S wsrel.2, @ | only received one present. f0l] expresses the only thing or option available, with no possibility of anything else. It corresponds. to ‘only’ or ‘nothing but’ in English. The word that comes before $f04| has a connotation of being very small or few in number, and @ negative form must follow it. Deen ot (= XI SCH) ea SP4B0| F Sytoll et Boia. cela & (= -2| Ratt) A SORE AS Bt 7Hsfol S ALS. gag SA0| RS Holl Coie, B22 Rote ‘Chsshila’stol Bele. Aithough 4fO!l is always followed by a negative form, it cannot be followed by OFLC, nor can it be followed by imperative or propositive forms. NFS SYReteH OF oR. () + EDES ZrO] AL] ob. (x) — 3. Particles= 10231 7132} Wale. (0) — 108SE EATER. (0) Let's wait just 10 minutes. (Compare with Unit 3. Particles 12 21,16 N(O})Lt ©) In Conversation @ A LAS Bo] egloya? {k Did you read much of that book? B Oey cl Sto] # gi gio] a 8 It's difficult, so | could only read five pages. A sHE}o] AlZHSO] yo] $0189 {A Did alot of people come to the party? B {08S 212, B I invited 30 people, but only 20 came. Ae] 2OYHToH et SB. A Alzto] Siaptt gk] 27 ‘A How much time is left? B LOH] ek skola. 8 There ar only 10 minutes remaining, “The particles $fol and @! have similar meanings, but while @t can be used in both positive and negative sentences, ¥foll is used in negative sentences only. + AION HE Io 2042. (x) + MOIS TIE lpr 2012. (0) BAO AHE AlstoH Bote. (0) Only Jaen i inthe classroom, ‘Only vacjun is in the classrooms. BANE x1 alot Bole. (0) + AHO 2122804 A012. (x) Everyone but daejun isin the classroom, PHO TIgA¥IOL Gt ALOIS. (0) {Al the other students are preaent) ‘only bought ruta he store + 7ptORA wkBlet Atois. (0) |only bought fruit atthe stor. PIOLA BIE 2 ALOIS. (0) "bought things other than fruit at the store, {bought all the other ingredients)Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 404. @ a cis a Aol Saya) alzbo] wo] Zea? a7 8 oh2, 244 BP) 108 _ aaa, A A 919 wo] ao} 27 2 o}49, A] ANE Se Ato} a, A Blo ofS}Yo] WoL? B A Alo jj] ze] glo} 2? CTE St sa re ee @. Particles © 107e a7)4] SEROS 712, Please go to the right from here. ASO ARENA B71 72, niapnesun canbe ste AS SS AeA, () cut the paper with scissors. BSOE AS TSMIg, O-6 so Grammar Focus 1 (©)® expresses a direction (toward a place). It means ‘to’ or ‘toward’ in English. When the preceding noun ends in a vowel or @, Sis used, and when the noun ends in a consonant, 23 is used. EOS 7A, ZO] ULM, Please go to the right. You'll see a bank. + 9.22 S 7p IQ, $-A]S0] Yo].R. Please go straight forward. There's a post office, 2 (2)& is also used when expressing means of transport, other means, tools, and materials used to make something, This meaning corresponds to ‘by’ or ‘with/using’ and ‘from’ in English. 102+ YAlol] 7]2}2 Z Ao|.@, igo to Busan by train. WE SS Baa, |-cut the paper with scissors. + SI75RE WES ESO}, make bread from flour NUM SUTIN onic Relea Nails RU Recrui HAS 72 2528 7g Ha87 I ROHL, PEROR IMS Alerwe 2 7102 ERoe 712 BOR Bole Boe Usk we wee RVRIOE Hog In Conversation “-........... & A Aa, So] ojo] 31012? a Pardon me. Where is the bank? BA OF oA] PSHOS 7pI2, 8 Please go to the right from that pharmacy (over there). A ASA BAlo] of gay 7.29 ‘A How do you get to Busan from Seou!? B 7A 7HS. 7147+ Behe, 8 (Please) go by train, The train is fast. A 0] SHAY} TRQO}2, BLS BHE91O}.8.7 4 this candy is good, What's it made of? BO] JAKE BE VHS Slo] 2. B This candy ig made of rice, > BS ARES S7 POE BES Fo]. a Koreans eatrrice with a spoon. UE ARTS 7h YAS PO].2. —s The Japanese eat ice with chopsticks, o ‘When a means of transport is represented by a verb instead of a noun, ~0}/O1¥ is added to the verb, such as in O14, HOA, S241, SSH, and aia. + StmO1M IMAI BOI 712, | g0 home from seco by foot + MBO AA! SABHA 2012, went from Seoul to Busan by driving a car. = FAO A MPSS TIX] Bal Zt 74012. | plan to swim (go by swimming) from Busan to Jeju Island. 3.Patices 103© What is the difference between Ri $012 and BMSIM 20197 + 012 refers to getting in a car and traveling, with the subject either driving the car or riding, a5 a passenger. However, 27844 81012 can only be used when the subject actually drove the car. UP UE RE BO _ 2g ip eae Sei2, * Can’be used when expressing that Minu traveled by | * Can be used when expressing that Min traveled by oer ving 2 ca, * Can be used when Minu drove the ca. + Can be used when Winu crove the car | "Gan be used avon when Mina was nal the one wa | * Carnot be used when Mina was nat the one who | aor, | stove. @ What is the difference between (2) 7c and —ofl 7ICK ~(2)E PIC} expresses going toward a particular direction, with the focus being on the direction. 0, 74C4, on the other hand, focuses on the destination, and thus only the destination is expressed because no sense of direction is conveyed. Sele 7 01 7ieF | * Focus on direction * Fosus on destination O12 W7} RIOR 712. (Cc) Bre goestoris home, | OH#| AE BIO 7E, (©) Este goes this home. PERLE 72 (0) — Goto theright 2EROl HID, (x) Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using (2)2. a) a BoA B74 of 87] 73.92 B 7st, c 7a, Dae TS, A Al BAEZ] of Bi) 71:2.2 7M, (3) x ey 8 aAlS 3] "ia. _ 24S, 4) a 2 Aleta) 7 WS WS] a. 104& ore Sort WS Bola, In the mornings, | eat bread or rice. Ho] Wea, Bony eA Hapa, \'m thirsty. Please give me some water or juice. Ysfo] AE Bebo] 7haz aoa, | want to go to Jeju Island or Mt. Seorak curing the school vacation. (0|)L} means that one of the two or more listed nouns will be chosen. When the preceding noun ends ina vowel, Lt is used, and when the noun ends ina consonant, O|Lf is used. In the case of adjectives and verbs, —74L+ is added to the verb stem. (See also Unit 4. Listing and Contrast 02 V-?{L4) (GNU eiueliuemeavoyiclies Noun Ending in Consonant + SAI eS SS | AIZOILE BAS BO | S7ILt ts AS | PSfOIL} 87 |B ALD Pelt SS oe BOL SSS OS BICHLE Atoll 712. OIL HECHO 7k. STU FSS He FSO STS HL When (O|)Lf is added to a subject or object, the subject or object particle is omitted, leaving only (O|) Lh in place of O|/7} or B/S, respectively. © fPPU7AY oh] AI7} Qala. (x) — of oFs]2]7} Beha, (0) ‘My mother or father cooks. SOY WS YOUR. (x) — Bol} YS BO}.2. (0) () eat bread ortioe, B.Paricles 105When (O|)Lf is used together with the particles Off, Ol|Ad, and O24], (O])L# can either be used alone with the first word(s) in the list while Oll, OA, and Oj]4] are used with the final word, or (O|)Lf can be used together with Of, Ad, anc O71] to form OLE, OIL}, O1HILE. However, the use of (O|)Lf by itself is more natural. + ENA} 12 lo] 2a, (0) = BRAM] } Alo] VE (0) () exercise on Seturday or Sunday. + Aloe Bfol] 7}.2. (0) = Abo] Up uo} 7:8. (0) ()), go to the mountain or sea. / Let's go to the mountain or sea. + FAM 5] 14] Fo]EaA, (0) = Feely Axo So}Esa, (0) {0e) date atthe park ora cottee shop. +» AVE ay AOA] EAA, (0) = NOU ast 4h] Aaa, (0) (ask questions to my teacher or Korean friend. In Conversation © AFR AML? ‘A What will you buy? B FEU 7PES 4 Aa, B | plan to buy some shoes or a bag Ao] 2H BAS H BEAo} A, ‘A Idon’t understand this grammar question. BO} AMON 4 AAV Oly] 8 Please ask instructor Lee or instructor Kim. ena, qos Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using (O/)L+ ® => oP 4 Ro) og] 7:29 ec 3 Al8i4) vee eHaLa, A OA MS She 712? seed SUN AS Aaa. a Jeol] ofejol SF Ao}2? Spee eA SsATS Alo 7icwola, | waited for my friend for no lass than two hours. ofo|7t og) Boh} Yo1a, (We) have {as many as) eight children. ABIPE NLS, Le BAHL VIOLA. ‘The apples are tasty. So | ate (as many as) ten of them. Grammar Focus {O))Lf indicates that the number or amount of something is much higher or more than expected, or +s at a level higher than what is generally considered normal. it corresponds to ‘as many as’ or ‘no ‘es than’ in English. When added to words ending in a vowel, Lf is added, and when added to words ending in a consonant, O|Lfis added. Neuen an tres Noun Ending in Consonant + BILILHS QE HLF Pigtos. Bi poia| CHS! MOIL} AIsisO12. ‘St AlZt SOt 30 MOIAILE IOS | O1M| SE AIZHOILE AtO1 2. Compare with Unit 3, Particles 13 N¥tol) 3. ParticlesIn Conversation A FA] SS Bo] palo 2? ‘A Did you drink a lot of alcohol yesterday? BY, ee S Bol aHicia, 8 Yes, | drank no less than 10 bottles. A 72} Alzho] Sap} eho? A How much time is left before the train arrives? B 30Ho}L} Heto] a, 8 There's (stil as much as) thirty minutes remaining. A ULE] = ZEERI7} OE A? A Does Marin have a lat of cars? B Ul, Sci glo}, 28 Yes, he's got as many as five While the particle 4fol indicates that a number or amount is less than expected or doesn't meet a general standard, (0))L indicates that a number or amount is more than expected or exceeds a general standard, Depending on the perspective, a certain quantity can be viewed as either smaller or lrger than expected, and thus $0 and (0))L4 can be used to express such views. 2 + Bo] eho! gioie. 4“) {The amount is less than expected.) = + Bo] HOLE giciz, Ss {The ameunts mere than expected) APPS Of0/7t 4] BOM BIOL, (The number fst viewed 22 very many) BY SOIL 2012? xi st BeIc|e. (The numbers viewed as more than usual) GH Olet AIBIOIAT OBIOILE wRtOHe (Dane nermally scores around 70, 50, io him, 80 is abeticr than expected ecore,) BE ole AIROLA eoziMtoll = ehztoie. (Wang Jing normally scores around 90, $0 to her 80 Is @ worse then axpacted scora,)AS 2) 4 ea B wore, Sapa) = Ages Garey A a BS} AM 2? BY, Us Aelgeia, eay_ ON 4 alo] aA] 4219189 8 Hl, ala, as) ele we Aol, 6H) A 29 | aol 77} Woks, 5% ma] gol? np eae eee ey ae (10042) a Ea AS AMS BE wo] ota, Bo Ole oc eee eee (ea) 3, PartiessHEo] 209% Beja, ‘About 20 people came to the party. SU TAS EAHHa, | arrived at the airport around 1 o'clock & Eu-E7} 3,000UF a2. ‘These days, tomatoes cost about 9,000 won. & is added to nouns denoting numbers, quantities, and time to indicate approximation. It corresponds to ‘about’ or ‘around’ in English. | bt Ala eMIAICH. | 10,0008 212, = ge wiHO12. | SHE BitO1e, In Conversation a ud BAS ehe42? A At about what time shall we mest tomorrow? BAZ a? 8 How's around 1 o'clock? 4-9J0] 124] 5020] Ba, My class ends at 12:50.A two] 4l7}2] uh} Avie? 1 How long does take you to geo schoo fem home? BAS 20ES Aga, 8 It takes me about 30 minutes by bus. A aso] U7] 2440429 ‘A When did you come to Korea? B 1M’ AS Roja, 8 lcame about year ago. ‘When referring to approximate prices, ‘Noung 3iC}’ is used more often than ‘Noun SOIC: AAI 2S Stoke 22? ‘About how much ere apples these days? 8 2S J7Hol 20008 O12, Focantly they cost about 2,000 won for three. A BIN BIA] 37} QOH B42? About how much i the airfare to China? 5 BMS, 300.0008 St 71012. Um, it will probebiy cost around 200,000 won, Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 2. w @ © AO B Xo] glojyto} n> A yA] Bop} Ae 2? B A BoA Buby HY RO}.2? B APOE ABA BHA )7t SHS By]? 3. ParticlesPAA MHS A Bee, & He sings like a professional singer. OY Ae AAO] Aa. Hayeong Is as kind as an angel. Beh L2ol AVAIL, Ho's as handsome as a movie actor. Grammar Focus 34H /2ZO] expresses that some action or thing appears the same or very similar to the preceding ‘noun, It corresponds to ‘like’ or ‘as ... as’ in English. CIA! Os. (= O1BZO| oft.) OVI L012, 71210] LH2.) ‘HOPE! SIBSHe. (= Yoleo} Ashe.) ASAR SeeAg (= AZo] Heese) StSAH BOR. (= Stezo| S0le.) In Conversation A BLS AY ofa} 27} Hin |A Is Minu's giririend pretty? BY, Azo} Z ofa a, 8 Yes, she's as pretty as Miss Korea 112A AP} FMR? ‘A What do you think of (my) boytiona? B Fulrjelzto] Au}gleia, 1 HeGax funy as accmadion A AS°] SAL? A Is Seoul crowded? BY, Ue aaa Sse. 8 Yes, it's crowded like Tokyo, Japan. #2/ZO| are often used in Korean to express characteristics metaphorically by comparing them to animals or other things in nature. Thus you will often encounter the following figures of speech used to describe people: someone scary is S2}0|42 FC someone cute is E71HE ISIC, someone slow to act is HO[HBi LeIC, someone overweight is SIME] SSOICt, and someone gencrous is UICHAE! OF go] eich. () 92] AYE LeAyalg VES sree. 2) S35) fla S90}2. @ 2°] Bad B42. @) $2] Bopzi= Sgolqa HA4\9)a, © SDqAa +Ss Tag. © Fee 7ee] Aas,88377} 7144} Behe, & 7/ARaEH FBZ |7} BEES.) Airplanes are faster than trains. So] WUT El 712, © dyer $99] 4 AL.) ‘My itl sister is bigger than my elder sister. ajopae] ARE e] UPA, ( Ar} SHO] FE} BLA}. ‘The department store is more expensive than the markt. EAT} indicates that the word preceding it is the standard from which a comparison will be made. It corresponds to ‘more than’ oF “-er than’ in English. Though SIC is added to a noun to form 'N O|/7} NSIC} —SICF, the order of the subject and noun with SIC} added can be reversed with no change in meaning. Also, while the adverbs CJ and &! are generally used together with KIC}, they can be omitted, AtBHACE B7 1s (4) SOtsH a. SUeCt +Se (4) Bele. OAC O50) (3) FHQ, AYARCH Sol 0) HO] S012.In Conversation * A ES SovaQ, FSS Sopa? ‘A Do you like spring or summer? BGR HS fF Sopa. 88 | like spring more than summer. AWA, EAS] BHHEA ‘A Dane, are you busy on Saturday or Sunday? ARMS] wpa? BAS ARse} wel 7-2. B 1 go to church on Sunday. ayA] YRVo} c] sha, So I'm busier on Sunday, A ABS! ABopaL ‘A Which is warmer, Jeju Island or Seoul? olcy7} aa A? B AEEZI E UpeaHa, B JojuIsiand is warmer, Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using SC}. > a) ES PA Seats] MYO] | B7Ig09 B ii (tut, 5a) (25, 3ea) > Auy} Baa, Sz} Baa? ; oe a 8) & oA et a B » (30000) (50,000) > «BSI OS BVT Fl 717427 a 8 PartiesDeitel age] ats e.a.eluhey we8loh 7.2, Rho| ar ‘Wesley goes to church every Sunday. ZAKS AEST} 0} 8, ‘The train comes once every hour. ett 717} gabe, Every country has a different flag 1. DICH is added to time nouns. OKC expresses the repetition of the same or a similar situation or behavior over a set period of time. It corresponds to ‘every’ or ‘once every’ in English, + oH} o]e]S ZEPA., | cut my hair (once) every two months. + 2 BIC} X]5}410] 24a. The subway train comes (once) every five minutes. 2 O}C} can also indicate all, or every one, of something, with no exceptions. In this sense, it corresponds to ‘every’ or ‘all’ in English. OFC} is added to the noun being described. + Pan} o] 8S; 7EB. | take a trip every weekend, + ALTOS 1g0IC} Abept lola, During lunchtime, all the cafeterias become full (nave no seats available). 1AIZHOECE HAT} Bette, ‘aolct BASIS, SHO SIS HS st. EQaole} 7SolD Ashes. 116In Conversation * oe A Op 4s R21 AO] AlZE WO} 2? 4 Do youhave time this Friday evening? B PLA} yaAeS mye, 8 Ihave taekwondo lessons every Friday. Tal] A)Zb0] gio} a, So! don't have any time. A HaZI7E AEE QB? A Are there a lot of fights? B Sut} Wejk, 18 There's a fight every two days. A QHEL7} WAln}T} goa? A Ave there computers in every classroom? BY], BE wo] cy glola, 8 Yes, ell classrooms have them. =< a © The phrases Sojc, Sa UOHC, OIC, and HOF} can also be written as Of, OHS, O#B/OHE, and oF. + OICH SIApO 22. = tall 72 | 9010 work (at he compen) daly. =1'90t0 Work [athe company) avery dey + MEBOIC} BI9171 glow, = mR a1017} oie. We have a mesting weakly = We have & meting every week + Bolc) Exp) Laie. = mavalE BrP} Lae. “The magazine is published monty. = The rragazineis published every mont + AHCI} O1SI, = alt OLAISKS, | move (change residences) once a year ~ | move every year @ Inthe case of the word 21, SI0}Ct is used instead of SI0}C}. + SBolk= WEOIC] SIS AIBALA. Those days, all houscholds usa tha IntematLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks using ofc}, APL A, S1ayoH Abe 7? B (aay) A USAR VIEL, e7ietoe Appa, 2 1S AS o]aap eH, lie AES hoe altaia. 41) wate] deh, (ep A QS WAR? Bu), BER, a (eae) 4 Bante} asia] ha 8 Sa Adee tom)areal Contrast @AV-2 @v-Aut @ AV-218t @AVH2)L-/Edl ©Aa Ae 7)7} aot Sea. mi Carol is tall and slender. elo ais as ola a WS SH ach, ‘Minu is Korean, and Dane is British. ofa] seo) 2G 27) eee BET Be ReIL. ‘At yesterday's party, Tiluen sang songs and danced. 1 —Z1is used to list two or more actions, states, of facts. It corresponds to ‘and in English. —77 is added to the stems of verbs and adjectives. Be AR, 12D FT Zo}, My older brothers big. And my younger brother is smell “YS an SYS 4}8. My older brother is big, and my younger brother is smal. —iZ is also used to express that the action in the first clause was performed before the action in the second clause. It corresponds to ‘and (then)’ in English. Tense is only expressed in the second clause, not the first, (See also Unit 8. Time Expressions 03 V-a2 LEA) ca WS Ugela, Talat Sais gola, Yesterday, ata nerd Id my homework =o} YG BT SpA Gola, (ofA) SHE PASI Sal Yesterday, | ate dinner, and then did my homework.TIE} + at = 7h Se ae Base Form | ae Base Form —2 | se | on | ofmcp oe sch wn ape + an | AIC} an gusice | wat “The form ‘NE VstZ2. NE: V’ is used when combining two or more facts about the same subject. +82 $98 thie, alu STS Bee, My older brothers good at swimming, And (he's) elo good at basketball — 82405 ate STs wale, My oler brother fs good a svimming and a0 (goed a) basketbal ‘B7IS SotstQ. BzlD ws Zora, ko straeibories, A (ike bananas, too. — Ais B71 ROPE SHU s ROHL, | ike strawberries and also (lke) bananas. In Conversation | @ A Ua 3 a 7a? ‘A What will you do tomorrow? B OAo]E 25S phy at 8 In the morning, Ill meet a friend, OFS azo] Z 7aa, and nthe ateroon, got the ran A Ola] BWR? ‘A What did you do yesterday? B DAE Bal YSh= Hoja, E Late pizza and saw a movie. A lz} 27} lm. Q? ‘A What do you think of your gitfriend? B FEST oma. B (She's) smart and pretty ‘4, Listing and Contrest 727Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using —z, A a7 oma? 2 ate] $940. (ech A ULE a iat A177} olny? 8 (Stich, Stzeich) A ABEL Fe] BE SLL? 5 Om as (2selch, clolestch A ofa) 29 AS] AHA] 4] Hola? B Te ove, E (22/8 Sich, Menus Sich)ofall BS BAY $473 oa, In the morning, | (either) eat bread or drink milk. Feo] QS SAY Bas B aha, ‘On the weekend, | plan to listen to music or watch a movie, BLAU 720] 7S w BALS ELA, | take 2 taxi when I'm busy or my bag is too heavy. Grammar Focus —71Lt is added to the stem of a verb or adjective to express a chaice between that verb or adjective 2nd the one following it. It means the same as ‘or’ in English. Usually, it is used only once to connect ‘wo verbs or adjectives, but it can also be used to connect three or more. In the case of adjectives and verbs, -74Lf is added to the verb stem, but in the case of nouns, —O|L} is added. ‘See also Unit 3, Particles 15 N(o|)Lt &) SBC} + ALE SLY CE + ALE YL BaseForm = ALE. SS Base Form ~2ALt tcl RAL sc Bau aiLtc | SILL | =ct silt |} ~ wect eS7iut | Beret Bers | 4, Listing and ContrastIn Conversation opal #etey] 9] a Aaa? A Wnt wi you do this weekend? B I"l.go exercise. 1 (either) play tennis or go swimming, o> A So] olah2, 1 [have a sore throat. BA Babe BPAY APES EAHA, 8 Then (you shouta) drink some ginger tea or eat some candy. 7) Ao FS 7le].a? ‘A. What wil you do on your wedding anniversary? BS 7A AAS BH 7a] a, B (Well) take a trip or go out to eat. On AU sea], 4] Al} fg] BQ? 8 was EePlch. A cha! 2 lok, Ashi 2. 24 Hol] Sa)a. 871s. He Aas ols Byala! a) Ao) oS 2 Bea, B eo] avo _ AAS Bone, (zou) A 23 BA} APS] 720] 8 Soha, a wh alpola melo! (wee ach)IWS ofeadeh atnlglola, ® Korean is dificult but interesting. Be aA SIS sora, My older brother is big, ut my younger brother is small. oS Ate Wel Baler See a, Hayeong eats lot, but she’s slim, Grammar Focus —Z|BE is used when the information in the second clause of the sentence is opposite or contrary to that in the first. It corresponds to ‘but’ in English. —X|2t is added to the stems of verbs and adjectives, and in the case of the past tense, —2t/QA|Pt is added. ATE} + -AIBE— Aix let ‘BU + -xiet— Bxlet Base Form xia 3 3 =xiBt ect xiet Sixt ech eee) amy wDEEX|ot uct | aS RIGE act Ariat saech Saiabeie wieich wfataieh (Compare with Unit 4, Listing and Contrast 04 AW-(2). /ECHl a) 4. Listing and ContrastIn Conversation A 2 7} Of MQ? ‘A How is the weather today? B Bho] 2)ct #2he Hohe, 8B It's windy but not cold. A 251M, Of} E7} ofnf.a2? ‘k How is your apartment, Yoko? B 22) ZAI, 2 its small but leon, A WAZ; USES AL? ‘A Can Dane speak Korean well? B Ul, Qs} ARTO] 2/g1 STE Are, Yes, (he's) a foreigner, but he can speak Korean well, Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using —AI2!, > Ss S416] OMA? (eet, 2269 > du7} Sela? BARS WS cory (auuiwoic A FHtol ie BHA? B gaol TE. ‘ ome) (@sic) A Ustelob a, He]07 Bega eee (Se 0) VIC BCH)walt ies, AY} LA Hol 27} Bk., i In the afternoon, there are a lot of cars, but at night, there aren't any. AS Qwh= WEG] A= Woe, | have an older brother, but nat an older sister. Lets KOREA) SE A AQ, | can't sing, but | can dance well This pattern is used when the information in the second clause of the sentence is opposite of, in contrast to, or an unexpected result of what is presented in the first clause. It corresponds to ‘but’ in English. When added to an adjective ending in a vowel, — EY] is added while —2U] is added to an adjective ending in a consonant. As for present tense verbs, past tense verbs, and QIC}/@iCh, -EUl is added. re el Present Tense O[c} ee aC) ean tie ze F Attar PeXe) eros (ory No Final Consonant Final Consonant “Ua! -2u =u) U/BEH OC Hed 2=q] AEG | Bea) Beal Seale lel) Sd) Weel BEa] | SAtt=q] SHwo|weal Base Form (2)L/e0 BaseForm | {2)L/E0i 3c} 2a ICE ThEGI 4, Listing and Contrastict a owe | “act a aisict aisha “eed “we weal alc AREA logic HoHgiecl etic ate 7 exer rie . nica a aaa _ (Compare with Unit 4. Listing and Contrast 03 AWV-RI2!) In Conversation A SH 2 Azole ER? ‘A Why don't you go to that market? BAS Ae] UF Bola, 8 The prices are cheap, but it's to far away. A 3] Olu} 2? ‘4 How's your job at the company? B22 Bed BAe Aoig, 8 There are many things to do, but the salary is small. A LAN ofny 2? (aie, we) A Elsall 4] Zo] oj} 2? Bye ave ‘ (aa eich emoich A AS AS BEM] a? 2 ola, of) Pat ASHE Bol, (B& ot atch) A AY vigioLn? 2H yt ah, cica Time Ce Cedi @N Hol, v-7! oil @N Sol, v-(2)- Sol @ V-a LA ® v-of/o14 @N WH, AVH2)2 tH © V2)BM @na ves @ Valor ON Set, v-= Set @v-(e)e Iard Aol esto] SoS, came to Korea two yoars ago. AVA} Bolo] She ALA, Please take this medicine before meals. FEal7] Ad SZSS Aa, | do warm-up exercises bafore swimming. Grammar Focus This pattern means ‘before a certain period of time’ or ‘before some action’, and corresponds to “before’, ‘ago’ in English. It is used in the forms ‘Time {O04|', ‘Noun {4Ojl', and ‘Verb —7| Hoff’ in a sentence, ‘Noun 20j' is used mainly with nouns to which SHC} can be added to make verbs. For this reason, —7| AOI] can be added to the corresponding verb stem to produce the same meaning (SAF MOH, AJAPSE7| Ol). However, for ali verbs other than SfC} verbs, only —7| MO can be used. FESS ee tu ek AAL + Soll — ALAE Biot ALAS + -71 Soll + AlAtst7| Soll | Time + Soi] N+ Soll Base Form v-a| Holl 1AIZF MoH] ALAE S04) ALAKGIEH) AlAtsP | Soll ‘et Hol, Ofet Soll ofea(stct) Ofetst7| Moi | Zoi ae(sic) weeri co | 21 Boll | a catao | eatin | sete | eetetz1 a0 ai aol seu | xich | xp) ato | - olAict | open - ch | =) xo oS A @o] AAAI. B leben. 14)21 Aol] Abe] a, a aol As] Ao] at as Susi, 8 Qe E Zohn, A Sapo] 27] Alal] ofcjol] 4gto].2.2 B a SoHl4] Astol.a, A Let's have lunch together. 8 Sorry. | ate an hour ago. A In Korea, before getting married, the groom wil secure @ home, & I's the same in my country. 1A Where dic you live before coming to Korea? B lived in New York. What's the difference between the expressions 1A| Soll and 1Alz Sol? + 1A] Biol Oni, (tt means the person can come any tine before 1:00, such a8 12:50, 12:00, or aven 11:00) + ARE Bio) 242, (it means the person should come axactly one hour before some previcusly stated time. For example if there is a meeting scheciuled for 3:00, then the parson should come at 2:00, 6. Time Expressions 13was ‘What should be done before performing each action shown under (71)? Find the most appropriate answer under (LH, connect both actions with a line, and then complete each of the sentences that follow using either “40l| or -71 Zo. Ch a 2) a 132 4)tS Fo} of Iz ao} Grammar Focus U2, My baby will be born in one month, WS FS Fo] |S Hora. | brush my teeth after dinner. stat S49 Fol AAS Mola. | gota jb after college graduation. G WSLS Set Fo] AAS Hola.) | got job after graduating from college. ‘This pattern means ‘after a certain period of time’ or ‘after some action’ and corresponds to ‘after’ or ‘ater’ in English. It is used in the forms ‘Time $04]', ‘Noun S0j|’, and ‘V-(2)t- SOF’ ina sentence. When attaching to verbs, —L. 320I] is added when the stem ends in a vowel, —2 301] is added when the stem ends in @ consonant, and when the stem ends in 2, = is deleted, and — 0] is added to the remaining part of the stem. —(©)L_ C}SOl] can also be used in place ot (2). S04). ey Ler | Nay easily ‘Stem Ending in Consonant At #04 TECH —L Ol — Zt 04] ACH -2 Hol — AL Fo} Time] NO] BaseForm V-t #Ol Base Form V-£ #0 1Al Roll AIA Rol] ALAKGGIEH) ALANS 0} wce 2 Sol Atel | Gets) | QsKsIC) esis Ro] CH Sasol | wat Rol rt Seo) act 2 aso) | aeisol | chit | eso) | “Ect[sch | eso auc x2 so | i “oct | BE Sal “ect | ® Irregular form In Conversation A UA) DRFoH] Sopa? A When will you return to yourhometown? B 1d Fol 72, 8 In one year from now. A ‘430}'7} Baa? ‘A. What is meant by "S01"? B Ststo]A] O}A} SE Fol] SHE THEE, a it's a Korean housewarming party for someone who just moved into a new house, A 29] Fell Az glo] a? A Seinen anor essey B Hghya, upahe, =o] BU 8 Sorry. I'm busy, After class ends, | have THLo] AoA] OLUPO]ES 3.9, a part-time job at 2 restaurant. ‘Whats the difference between the expressions 14| #0 and 14|Z! ol + 1A) FO SHI, (it means the person can come anytime after 1:00, such as 1:10, 2:00, or even 3:00.) + 1Al2} 20] 22, (it means the erson should come exactly ona hour after some praviaus'y stated me, For exampio, i there is ‘meeting scheduled for 8:00, then the person should come at d:00;)our Own | Oi) What should be done after performing each action shown under (71)? Find the most appropriate answer under (14), connect beth actions with 3 line, and then complete each of the sentences that follow using, either $04 or (9). Fo}, “ AP HS, este) Qs SONS FAS. (orate 8 AlSAS ELD, cualeh 4) APSe WA, ere acy 5. Time Expressionsae ae yp aud, | est after finishing my work. dae|as Bat Ay ach. | sleep after watching TV. ofS Bat Ad AES BUTI, | read the newspaper after eating breakfast Grammar Focus 71 LH expresses the finishing of one behavior followed by the beginning of a subsequent behavior and thus corresponds to ‘do (something) after’, ‘upon finishing’ or ‘and then’ in English. Although in some cases —J1 can be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence, such as in 2 S[IL LP AMIS and US St HAMIL, the inclusion of —Z1 LH instead of simply —Z1 helps clarify the fact that the first behavior has completely ended. | SSC} + DLP Bhar LA SC} + at LAY — @fan LAY | Base Form -7 UA Base Form —Z UA Buct | Bua Ly ‘ett Sz Lt ct | Bm LA stt Sz uy =ct} | Siu Stetct BHolD UABecause —Z1 L}Aq expresses temporal order, it can only be used with verbs. Further, when the subjects of the first and second clauses are the same in sentences using the motion verbs 7}C} (to 90), SEF (to come), HO{7IC tto enter), BOLL (to exit), LIVICH (to leave), LEACH (to emerge {from), B2}7ECH (to go up), anc LH2Y7ECH (to go down), and the verbs SO|LECH (to gev/stand up), SICH (to sit), ECF (to lie down), and EALEC (to meet), -O}/O44 is used in place of il and —31. LEA + Us Shilo] 7452 U2] (US) SPH, (x), + URS Shilel] 7F4] (HRS) SAA, (0) | go to schoo! and () study. HIAOWAT SE UA] (LHe) SO}, (x) “z HAGA eto} (LE) $o1.8. (0) =) Today, (I) rode on the bus and (I) came (here). In Conversation A % BARA, AES AAI] =] 2Y7ER? 2 Manager Kim, () whan shall | give you the documents? B 3]2|7} Buy UA FAB, 2 Please ajve them to me after the meeting. A -S7] AWS 1B BEA? ‘A How do you take the listening test? B Be #8 ae 72, 8 They will ead the questions twice. BAS HST UY OPES OAS, —_Lstento the questions carey, anc then nd the answer. > J 4 ws zs a8 2 8 A What does 'S§#2!" mean? o Se te 2 H ae ej I= fe a Ee 2 ie B It’s what you write after you finish reading 2 book.won Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using either —4 or <7. LL, WAS obo ay. AMS WA. 0) ora) APES Bet. By S4le] Wash. obs selol Puech, a Ball BASIN Vols SAU. Bol HAS 12a] BU. VS Cop aS BUT, SETS 6) _ AS meldeh. Alyy GA)HE] QAl7}Z| Bq] Helo] Resp. Waele Az] Bauch, aga|zh a MIRTH, BF4] 4H] 7) age] qc, dAgel4| Sse a UTH, (8) Al 2th. Ball 9) _ daelas Buch, est Eel} MASE. wh = 124)0] AP ]cHh.SRE HH gol, (The monkey) pasiad a banana and ata it. UY) AZ Set SAN opAy o]ok7] Hoya, (We) sat in a park for four hours and talked. oi} Atoll BoE AHA) EGON, bought 4 necklace for my girfriend and gave it to her. Grammar Focus —0}/0A4 is a connective ending indicating the temporal relationship between events. Specifically, expresses the occurrence of the action in the second clause after the action in the first clause has ‘occurred, The two actions are so closely related that the second action cannot occur without the first action occurring first. This expression corresponds to ‘and’ or ‘(in order) to’ in English. Moreover, Af can often be omitted from —O}/01A1, leaving just -Of/01, but this is not possible with certain verbs, including 7Cf {to go), Ct (to come), and AIC} (to stand). It is formed by adding —OFAd to stems ending in the vowel + or -L. Otherwise, O11 is added. For verbs ending in SICH, SHAd is added. WSculsienennevkea Sen i Tm ates Mere sae Tag burn akelaees ZICH + OM — EA MIC + OOM —» MOLT | BASIC} + GHBSHAL Base Form ovo | Base Form =| 0/01 AK AM | eect Sheol ct | Bom | 2alaict Balai 6. Time Expressionsetc ator “eieisich - Ustad | Shc} DELEAY SRIsICh | His "ACH aia “get | Fa * Irregular form In the case of sentences in the past, present, or future tense, the tense is expressed only in the second verb, not the first. + ofa] ASHE RL] Jal Wola, Yesterday, I met a friend to watch a movie. = U)Q) 2S UA oh a olla, Tomorrow, | will meet @ frend to watch a movie, The subjects of both verbs are the same. “Ute ola) ase RL} CS) Aste Me}, (0) Yesterday | met a friend and (watched movie, Une O17) AS IEA ANS SEES WO}. (x) In Conversation A FH ASKS 32] Bat Fo}.a? A Why do you eat apples without peeling them? B ALS 4o}44 4]2u ute] glo]a. 8 Apples aren't tasty if you peel and et them. A 24 Ble] 2[s}21z go]29 A Did you come to school by subway today? BU), Lee) BAZ Set AA] HAY 8 Yes, but on the way, | stood for an hour, rel} osha, and (s0) my loge ara sor. A Fl OBHpOES a2? |A Why are you coing that part-time job? BES BolA 7nehs 4 a2. 8 (1 plan) to make some money and buy a camera.2 © —2is a connective ending similar to ~0}/04,4 in that it indicates the temporal relationship between events. However, while -0[/0{4 is used when the frst and second actions are very closely related, ~21 is used to connect two unrelated actions that happen sequentially. + TQS MOA (2 Zhaks) HOIR + Bus AD (cle 41g) Hole, (You) wash the fruit and eat the fr, (You) wash the fruit anc then eat (something ese), + SEAS SILI (5 IAS} ZO) SEIS Moe, IHS SIL ET (Ly Bx} ee HE AIT) Sats MOIR. | mata friend and (ogethar we) watched a movia. I met a fiend and then ( by myself or with somabodly else) watched @ movie. @ When used with verbs designating the wearing of clothes and accessories, ~2 is used in place of ~o1/0444 + HES QOiA SHG, (x) + HES UT SHAS. (0} | put ona coat anc stuey. + ABO] SAE MA 712, (x) —- AIHSOL SANS AAD 7/2. (0) People are putting up thelr umbrellas ane going + Of0I7} G1 ANA AB ME, (x) — O}0I7} IS AT HS HERR, (0) Tha chié puts on glass to reac books A Oa) ¥] ola? 0 om] ISO PS Go] AAO, A 253 S| Sol] o] St loa? B sage] seeHet Alea, Ane Se Bein? Bo], Hele Be Bola. A dat S92, B 1e]R 7] 31404) ojop7 aa. S.Time Expressions 147YOH(8.2-8.3 1), {Pt a oH=Bhe]=S ala, @ | work a part-time job during vacation. 4at Wl Apzlolof2, This is a picture of me when | was 4 years old. A182 ah ol Aso} Aea1g 22) upg, Don't look at your neighbors’ answer sheets when taking the test. Grammar Focus I expresses the time when an action or state occurs or its duration. When following a noun, Ml is used, and when following a verb, 2 lf is used when the stem ends in a vowel or &, and —& Uf is used when the stem ends in a consonant. Noun | a | Stem Ending in Vowel or = [stem Ereitiikecneenei | ‘whet + oy — BSF of 7h +2 a ea C+ ml Fe [Na Base Form vem) | BaseForm | Veal 10am sich sq ict 3k Ales eich oe gict ee a eo ee ee) ‘act veg 2A oh ee ee) seq AS a “mzatch nee “ec Sea)* Irregular form In Conversation * A RAW A goles Hoja? ‘8 How old were you when you went on your fist date? B 204 Hy Boa, 8 (1 wert when} [was 20 years ol. A 25S}al TH 4A SS AEE EAYR? a Doyou often meet your friends from elementary school? BO, zt Bhp aA, B No, I don't meet them often. Ao) 22 dace, A This clothing is made of sik. AIS} wy] RASHALA, Be careful when you wash it. B Hl, grea. B Okay, | wil {is not used together with 244, 2%, 0/44, or the days of the week. + 2H il SEE she, (x)— Seo SHE a2. (0) I studyin the morning. + QF tll SES ae. (x) —- VFOl SES s2. (0) exercissin the aternoon. + B2al tf Bol 742. (x) + BLIod Ble 712 (0) | (ui) goto the airport on Monday. ‘What’ the difference between =12|An}A0j and S2|A0}4 of? For some nouns, such as 744, 244, and ¥1S!, the meaning is the same whether they are written in the form of 'N af’ or ‘Noi! However, for some nouns, especially those representing holidays, ike B2|ADA and AF, the form ‘Noff refers to the specific day(s) ofthe holiday while the form ‘N tf? refers tothe approximate time period just before, during, and after the holiday. For example, 321 }Aoj refers to Christmas Day, December 25, and 32|A0A tf refers to the span of the few days surrounding Christmas, such as the day before and the day after Christmas. + 2]ADIA al The period around Chvistmes, including the day before, Christmas Day, and the cay ater, + Be|A0A0| Christmas Day (December 25). Either ti or | can be used after nouns such as 2444, 24), and ¥6t with no difference in meaning, + AIM = Zio, BHA! a = aialol, eat cH = erator 5. Time Expressions 7Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in the blanks using either it or +2)2 a. 144 sch ABE gtk Aap an? a} BpelS tH 7\q].2. A B 4: fe shee. ANAL. Rae 8 ule) 29} Yo] a Wel Soren? BAe] abs sola, A ola Fea? 2 BAlao, abgahe,we Boa Ive seh | eat while watching TV. 94] UUs Does AAA eS aa, Mylour older sister sings while she plays the piano. Sasa Ass] sp 2, eee. Don’t use the phone while criving, Its dangerous. Grammar Focus —(2)P1A{ Indicates that the actions of the first and second verbs occur simultaneously. It means ‘while’ in English. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, —BA{ is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —O D1 Aq is used. Cea ue our kode Sereda Muertos 7ict + BLA — 7h SIC} + el — Botsl * megular form ‘ 6. Time Expressions 145The subjects of both clauses are the same. That is, they must be the same person. +9 ae teal ha AS eal (Hayeong) plays the piano while she (Hayeong) sings. 8] A] Wealth AE Set HS ME soles ue, (0) ‘While Hayeong sings, Jaejun plays the piano. When the subjects of the two verbs are different, += St is used. + SC] ASS She SA ALS WS Mes] c While my litle brother/sister was cleaning the house, my older sister did the laundry. (Gee also Unit 5, Time Expressions 08 N SB, VE OH) Past and future tense endings are not added to the verb preceding (2) FIA, It is always written in present tense, - oP 39) ie Ses GOA woes ASU 6) — OF] StS Hits aS obRl4 glo Bare, (0) ‘Yesterday, Hayeong sang iwhile she played the piano. In Conversation 2.oL0 SL? A Do you like rmusic? B Ul, TAA] Soke SOA] FAES SILA, 8 Yes, thats why listen to music while | study. ‘A Were you very busy yesterday? B UY, Ta] EWA) joa 8 Yes, that's why | ate a sandwich while working. Bees, A LF 9] Wey N? ‘A Why are you tired these days? B Stale CHUA] OFS B}O]ES a, a Ihave part-time job while attending school. ‘That's why I'm tired. 4) 3] 231.2. 146Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using (9)2144. (einige OFC, O) @ coftee (ete Sich, ABE stct) (piASee ch, ach) (PB icielct. 4 eich) 5, Time ExpressionsxoPa Br SMe. ‘The subway is under construction, © A188 SABE SUH) ‘The subway is in the course of construction. APS Fo] SW. ‘The presicientis in a meeting, ABhe aoe: Sach) ‘The president is currently having a meeting. Alt Bol Zhe SONAL. ('m) on the way home. oA AS, all] AS SHE Sole, {intend to move. So I'm looking for a new place to live. This expression is used with a noun that indicates the content of an action and means that the subject Is in the process of performing the action. It corresponds to ‘in the process/middle of" or ‘currently doing’ in English. After a noun, 3 is added, and after a verb, = 2 is added to the vero stem. Xe ead Neu) a+ S— as aloaict +E S— ase SBase Form NS VES sekeich 4a See sloisich a8 alolati & a BAKBICD Se |. ayes BASE Sausich S25 ees | act ee i ac ‘ehSch * Irregular form In Conversation A So} Bi] Zo} eps} a? ‘Ak Why Is there so much traffic? B Mao] Ala Solel2. 8 The department store is having a sale. Sra} Zo] 73.2. ‘That's why there's trafic. A OHA]? Sy Fo} B]AP SIL A}? ‘1 Hello? Is this the Korea Trade Company? 2] Wah] S Beh ch I'd lke to speak with Section Chief Kim. BA MHIS AF AS SOLUTE a Section Chiet kim is currently out of 2% 5Alol] Bo}o4) Que} tho office, He should be back at 5 PM, A ZAMS 9012? \ Do you have a drivers icense? B LF OAS Woe Sola, 8 Recently, I've been leaming how to ative, the So] Qzidla) Aas whe, Ttake a ctiving tost noxt week SO|cf and —Z $chare used in similar ways, However, while 2 9C¥ has no restrictions regarding what subjecis it can be used with, = #0|C} cannot he used with subjects representing natural phenomena, + 8I7t 2 Solel, (x) —-u)7+ 27 glol2. (0) sreining + ol St Boloke (x) — tro] S11 Yoke. (0) ws siowing + SHO] Hi Sola, (x) — wR] BT B04. () The wine e blown, mee seers aimeatamnannanpnnnin inns S.Time Expressions | 145 Owls ® ir of © Whe Se@ Us Za Aa] Qa} stoh a. ‘ee | was s0 tired I went to sleep as soon as | got home, Bo] Uap} 23 2)7} Boho, ‘The fe truck arrived as soon as the fre started 4919] Bub FSS wale Uztoh a, The students left the classroom right after class was over. Grammar Focus | —X}O}At indicates that something occurs immediately following the end of some event or action. It is added to the verb and means ‘as soon as’ or ‘right after’ in English. it} + woke — 7iRtOHt SiC; + —xfaH} — 2x0} BaseForm | HOH Base Form | -10Rt ch saxjoet aac xpos HAC axial ect eerioist Buc Buia ec | extort amir | alateiatois; | ech ‘Batol a ee SSHokt 5. Time Expressions‘The subjects of the first and second clauses of the sentence can be either the same or diferent. + (AP Aol 92a} C7) Ao} 2, ‘As soon as | arrived home, I slept, + deb Paap 17} £048, As soon as the mother leaves, the baby starts crying. Tense is not expressed in the verb of the first clause, but it in the second. + Bo] Zap OLA. (><) — Bo] 7A A OLA, (0) ‘As soon as | got home, | slept. + Aol Az} zt Alaa, (x) — Boll 714} 2 AAR, (0) ‘As soon as | get home, I'm going to sleep. In Conversation A Boy AS} hal AS ZY oye? A When will you marry Jeonga’? B PSS SAS} AEE AA, & wen get marred as soon as we graduate from college. A 25 F 7/20] % Soha? ‘A Why are you in a bad moos today? B lA] P-Ahe Ao] 2. 8 I bought an umbrella yesterday. Lele] PALS ALA} Qlopw]gjo]_g_ But lest tas soon as | bought it. A 7} A Bee, 4 Ahad A Vm so fll, | want to la dawn and go to sleep. aoa, B YS Ba}npa} om Azo B It's not good for your health if you lie down right after ok Bo}, eating,What did the following people do? Connect each picture on the left with @ picture on the right with a line, and choose the appropriate word from below to fil in the blanks using —A/OHX}. (2) @) ® a re 2 «) af % Ag, @ D7} lA} of7|7} £048. @) BePI aa, A tea. &TimeExpressions 153ofa) AA ZEB BIO 2, a Yesterday, | studied for four hours. BE AS Ste] ASS Aa, Bears hibernate curing winter APE] AAS IE SY UL Sales Hola, | did my homework while my friends were eating lunch. Grammar Focus This pattern expresses the length of time starting when a certain action or behavior begins and lasting until it ends. It corresponds to ‘during’ or ‘while’ in English. After nouns, S@t is added, and after veros = Betis added, J} +e Bet — ke Set Sic} ++ Set — eH Set Nee | Base Form V-E set 108 Se _| a At _aAest oe! Sot ict ae set P tese ec sce get S2t [ ofeysict ofeisi Set 271 Set “alc NE SeWhen used in the form ‘V-= 391, the subjects of the first and second clauses can be either the ‘same or different. + G7) MH] ARs Sek (HS) FS ATSS Po] whtoja, While ved in Kors, | rede alot ef good Hende et BUS lately] Sale] SHAo}a Wl played wih my Fonds mye tothercor was sucying ard at schoo A Spt eet eo] QS AL? ‘A How long will you be in Korea? B Std Set Ws Aa, | should be here for hres years. A We} Seto] F] & Ao]a? ‘4 What will you do during the vacation? 8 al ASS Aaa, 8 | plan to vist my relatives’ home. A S]8g7]7} 2a)zk Fol] Sasa, ‘A The plane will depart in two hours. zyB Blaa7|S 7] che] Ser 8 In that case, let's do some shopping atthe duty BAA] 453 Balch, free shop while we wait for our flight. How are~(2)21M and += Set different? -(2)94.4 is used when one person performs two or more actions simultaneously. However, = E2HOl) can be used even when the subjects of the first and second clauses are not the same; that is, it can be used to indicate that while the subject of the first clause is performing some action, the subject of the second clause is also performing an action, eee ea == Beto ‘The subjects of the first and second clauses | ‘The subjects ofthe first and second clauses can | must be the same. be different. +819 le BS BOM AB gIRIELICh 9 up} Bors Be Bell NE We ate Hayeorg istened to music whie (sre) eadatbook. | ARELICI. ‘Wile Hayoong Hist to muso,daeiun ead a ook, | 10:00~10:30, 10:00~10:30 Ma,Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using either 2! or = Se. ae, FA Ae oHa. AVgo]4] O22] 2S Bo}. ofnyu 7p of Z|7} AS ae, olh AJ BEA7} ABS Fal 712.ALS ese] S A) 20] Elgisuch. Its been two years since I came to Korea. a HS 2] tS Eola. Its been one menth since | stopped smoking, ATE AGS tA] 5alzbo] AgMolg, It's been five hours since you started playing computer games. Grammar Focus (2) Z| indicates how much time has passed since some situation or action occurred and thus corresponds to ‘since’ in English. It can be expressed in various ways, including -(2)t- X| ~ EICh, +(©)L Al ~ CH and—(©)L A] ~ St SICF When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, — | is used, and when it ends in a consonant, 2 Al is used. Sea slaen on ‘Stem Ending in Consonant 7ieh +e KI — 28] BIC + -2 xI— a2 a) [pes =a | BaseForm -241 [ 231 at) weal p Ate aL “ech seal Bret | “ect i eal eal “auc [aga | ste a] ‘ect 271 * Irregular form 5. Time ExpressIn Conversation A CAE] BS} BA gMo}.7 1 When did you stant studying Korean? B TSto}S LAT A] G7HWe] |]LOLM. w tee b0en six months since began studying Korean A 7} A519} Supp 41599101. Bibi loro rare ou teerektra teen et B A 4) 3ule] goa, 8 Wo've been dating for thre yeas, Read the following passage and complete the sentences that follow using (2). |, Le iealitt 4 J ea Ga” mansa Gece Giaces _ aidatw okays Rt BRNO ARMS Are WRoFuect YAY ee Re oe = 0) DAE Ae OSS ¢ od Sigtguck Aa AS i 5a weleud., @ JAE AL aaa] ae 4a Siu WS AS MM aa aie, © IS ae fa ae S Steet. @ AAS WS x, 1d 5 Me] Ssucy. m AAS ANS 3, >, ado] S aise. 158Ney Tavera exe) tay @ v(e)= + ich/eict @v(Q)2 Ychy/Sec}°) B8tS SB + Mola, (ee (We) can see this movie. \9o A| BSrS B > Wola, (We) can't see that movie. Pea oe e gade BS ela. cornea ee oftel7} he t+ Bola, 0 cant speak Airikaans. US AS + Hoa. | can read Chinese charactors Abe dS + Mola, | can't read Chinese characters. Grammar Focus This pattern expresses ability or possibility. When someone or something is able to do something, or when something is possible, (2) 4 SIC} is used, and when someone or something is not able to do something, or when something is not possible, {2)2 4+ {Ct is used. In English it means ‘can.’ When a verb stem ends in a vowel or @, —=@ =F QICH/SICt is used, and when a verb stem ends in a consonant, —S += QCt/SiCt is used. Seue Ln RAN ce ket Suen) UCH BCH — Abe VCH SCE ACH + BE SICH RICE Gesu + alch/eict | Base Form == + 1012/12 BaseForm | -@ # Yoj2/zioi2 cs rs wegqoiewie we WS + UOIA/eOIR auct | Ble + gloiaysiois , | S84 aoieeoia ee + “ect ‘alc 24 dole/zo1e : | 58 + 20I@/eoiR * leequiar formIn Conversation * e A FA SES BA qola? ‘\ What sports can you play? 8 SLE DE Blo]M, Le] at ARIE w tcan play soccer And! also know BE Qo1O, LRA RES ee how toc) taokwondo, But cant sm, gola. A G51 A, 2% A] Yol BPD 4 310]2P a Yoko, can you meet me this evening? a neke}a, ght = glo}2, ® I'm sony. | can't meet you. | have other plans. Fo] O42, A SHS} Capos olayst = gl0}2? ‘A Can you understand Korean TV dramas? BOY), SPE AF Oa =F WOU, fs Yes, 1 can understand TV cramas somewhat. BZ] eh A Olas + glo}2, But | can’t understand the news. aD KE gp Adding the particle -7} to (2)2 4 QICI/QICt to form 42)=2 47} SICl/Stc} makes the phrase more emphatic in meaning than -(2)= 4 $)C}/2iC} alone, + SHROI7E OHSIAL SHE 4 B1012, Thecdackbokkds spicy 0 I can't ett = GROI7t OPAL SS ++7t BOIL, The ddeckbokki is so spicy that | (realy) can't eat it. + Bol ted 2 stoi. ‘Thee 2 lot of trafic, sol won't be able to make it + 0] aBiAi 247} ole, “There's so much trafic that | really can’t make it no matter wat 6. Ability and PossibityLook at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in the blanks using 49) = + IC} Fich. (oa A BFE] DH Ola, BU ate cle ? BY, eas A OH eR? B Ho] ofa. Ao Be 8 Agar) oa. WzWas ts S dora, know how to make strawberry jam. FASS AIS BY S Aha, | enow how to send pictures by mobile phone. DIAS VIA FA S tora, | know how to cook a tasty doenjang stew. Grammar Focus This pattern expresses whether one knows how, or has the ability, to do something. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or @,—2 # QIC}/H=Ct is used, and when the verb stem ends in a consonant, —S % QIC}/S=Ct is used. it corresponds to ‘know how to/doesn't know how to’ in English, Seis lucene Rese Suns al ARG ute SIUC} + -2 & Qcl/Sect | ch + -S & etel/sect — sid B ecy/eect | See eeeyesch Base Form | = @@0le/se2 | BeseFom | —@ # ola/wzis ath BB oreeaie ict aes woes ‘DaICh Dal ® wole/#ale act aa @ woig/aaie alga) =| Ala) & eoia/gaie zc EE woie/gee usc | eisaaoigeia | 3c nee ages | * (regular form 6. Ability and PossibilityIn Conversation Ave, AE 7191 ACHA|ZE'S US Lota? 8 cha, BS Sepa, ofa) a? AHS S218 Ue & dota? BAS sa AydyqgS uke @ dopa, @ & Carol, do you know how to play the computer game Starcraft? BB No, I don't. How do you play it? A What kinds of foods do you know how to make? 8 I know how to make Korean japchae and spaghetti. Expresses whether one knows how or has the ability to do something, Ub SORSS cls & Belg, | don't know how to meke strawoery jam. Used not only to express the ability to do something but also whether a situation permits something to be done. + Ue Spite ce + giole, {1} don't knowhow to make stravibeny jem. {2 1 know how to make strawberry jam, but for some reeson (auch 28 lack of strawberries | exn’t make itrignt now. Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in the blanks using -[2)2 & et cart. | wa ; =u} a Aalst ABE, B A+ AbBaCp eb % veya? BU), We aizi . Aeeh BSS. A O17] oP BA A+B A122 Bays. ARDemands and Obligations, Permission and a ceeliyiacely @ v(S)al2 @ v-al one © AV-0f/010F EICt/Stct @ AV-O1/O1 SICt © AV-(2)H et SICt @ AV-A| BOLE EICH (Qt A/V—O}/O1 SICH)O17] SEONLD., Please sit here, A 15eS Maye, Please see (ook at) page 16 in the book °] d= S 7a, Please go straight up this road. Grammar Focus (2) AI is used when politely asking the listener to do something or when making a request anc when giving directions or orders. It corresponds to ‘please (do)’ in English. In such situations, OF 01 can also be used, but -(2)A|@ is more polite than —O}/012. When the verb stem ends = a vowel, —A1| is added, and when it ends in a consonant, 2 is added. Some verbs hav= ‘special forms though. The formal polite style uses (JAJA. eer nanene | JICR+ — FAI BaseForm | -Mi@ | Base Form | {2)M@ | Base Form |Special Form Ate AA eet | ewe | eicyorich | Sale sc | sae | Bet wei | RIE Fee act | aM | wt Woe ect | aNaatMI eset | esa | we | woe |) oc | Aeee “ach | AMIR | “et M2 Ee A|S * Irregular form # (See also Introduction to the Korean Language 5. Honoritic Expressions) en —(2)A|Z is used in the imperative sense to give an order, it can only be used with verbs and rot O|Cf or adjectives. + 2440] 44]. (x) — S]A}7} E]4] 2, (0) Please become a doctor. + {HAA (8) = 7] mSPAIG. (0) Be happy. (3¢Agjective changed to its verb form) See also Unit 18. Changes in Parts of Speech 04 A-0}/0/sIcl) However, there are a number of adjectives ending in SEC} used idiomatically that can be used with —2H2. MA, Asea. Se] Sal] Aya. Grandpa, please be healthy. Live along, long time. 29S UE Sal Ea) baa, Hall ot Soke, ul, eloi2, °] S2S Bz] mp2, Aln1goyg, ‘A Shall | take the bus? 8 There's a Iot of traffic, so don't take the bus, (Please) take the subway. A How's this movie? 's ttinteresting? B (Please) con't see this movie. It's boring, {A (Ploaso) don't listen to music too loudly. I's bad for your ears, B Okay, The following friends each have @ problem. Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using ~2| nL. 6 aaa 8 ae 87a aay AUT SSHR, te wD ao}.2, . MH ae A 2S Ho] Ya osha, » Sans mech ABS Yel 2S Rate, __. 7m OHANCH) ARS Ee] Bo] olsta, . ERE AB atch)Grammar Focus ‘107 Wel Aree} Blois. aya] BP soF A, | have an exam tomorrow. So | must study. Ole} AF AY ALS Ao} sha, It's my airfiond’s birthday, so | have to buy her a present. ¥7] Bol E2 Yok sa. You have to pay before you eat. —O}/O10F SICH/SECE expresses an obligation or necessity to de something or the necessity of a certain condition. It corresponds to ‘must' or ‘have (to)' in English. If the stem ends in the vowel or 4, then —OfOF S|C}/SHCt is used, and for all other vowel endings, -O{0F S|C}/SCt is used. As for verbs ending in S}Cf, the form changes to HOF SICH/SICh. The past tense form is -Of/O10F S01 2/012. ile rye Vowel Sci aes a ee celal laa Neonat QC O}OF SICHSICr «=| ICHaICH + OlOF SICYaHch = BSI = Sfolor s1eH/atc = 7ICK=AOF SICH/aICt — Batok Icl/sict Base Form 12 | Base Form —01/0F SHS /a42 ey [ aaatct AABIOF SIS/342 fect ae al diner etc} “act MOF SHS /s = eich | *xteEt walof a/ akect ch BOj0} 512/84 * lregular form 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and ProtonIn Conversation | ‘ee A OH Bo] YS} BL? {k Shall we see a movie this weekend? B n]eray2. o}nyL] Balo]z} a} 2 Sorry, but i's my mother’s birthday, and I have to 5130] 7}oF BA, visit home, A Bl AE 7HEISL BHA, {A I'm planning to go to Jejuistand in the summer. B HY7] HS oro? 8 Did you reserve a plane ticket? A lot of people will ALe}O] BoHA] w]e] ofOFsok =I). be going there, 60 you have to reserve yourtioket in i: . advance. A OFA] A THEJo] et 2490} 27 ‘A Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday? B GO] OHA, B]A}OH AT A SHOF $RO1.B_ 8 had alot of things to do, so I had to stay at the office and work. ~ol/Ol0F SIct/{ct has two negative forms, one meaning itis not necessary to do something, ~| ROE | ‘{c], and the other expressing the prohibition of some behavior, (©)2! @F SIC}. © -X| Gols SIC} (don't need to, don’t have to) {See also Unit 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition 06 A/V—X] 220K =IC#) ALR! SIAlOH 7127 Do you goto the office tomorow’ BOILER, UNBKE B7IZEA} SIAIO} 74%] GOES S52, No, comorrow is a holiday, so | don't have to go to work. A BRUT] HAZ 712? (Do you) take the bus tothe park? BUNGE, 2A LIAS ELA] QLORE SHS, ZOH7HS SH. (The park is nearby. Se | don't need to take the bus. | can walk, @ ~(2)21 ¢ SIct (shouldn't, be not allowed to) (See also Unit 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition 05 A/V-(2)94 2 SIc}) + SHEEIOIAI AHIS 41091 2 £12. You're not alowed to take photoarachs inside the museum, + AMOI SHE Te! OF SHS, You shoud not smoke indoors.Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using -o}/ojoF Sicl/atch. A 2 AZ Om Be] HUA A727 8 uieke} a, Seo] eso] 244) (eal 7c) A aepo]y Vata Bola, 8 ea : err) A 20] S tt a U2? B UIT, OF (eesic) Aa 29] SS E712, A 450] Qhoja| Alufo] 14]744] 7Iek aA. B18 (12A)o) sth) A Al FH AAS Hol] Mt Bo] 2-7 B HO] 9] oft} AT aseted 720) 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohiniioné APS Bole 2? May | take a picture? 47] StoHe 3.2? May | sit here? we AR AR? May | use that pen? —0}/O/S Cf expresses permission or approval for a behavior. it corresponds to ‘may’ or ‘be allowed to’ in English. If the stem ends in the vowel F or -L, then OHS S|Cf is used, and for all other vowel endings, O15 S ICs used. As for verbs ending in SICH, the form changes to SHE. SIC In place of -OL/O1S ICE, —O}/O1S 2HAICH and —O}/0] 5 Ct can also be used. eee Reece e oe cule oe ee ee es ACH + Off SIC} OPAICH + OL Sich | aaict — AS Sch OM Sic — FB eH Ich Base Form a SOL SHS “xeECh aes He east | gaia | “sth SPIE SH * regular formIn Conversation * A Bol] ASPsIE HAR? A May | call you at night? 8 B=o]| a, Ado I]a, 8 Sure, Please call anytime. A AHS Gol= Ha? ‘A Do you mind If| open the window? B88, Sole Ha, 8 Not at all. You may open it. A tes AS HL? ‘A May | turn on the radio? 8B o}o}7} 4} Wola, AA) sya, 8 The chit is asleep. Please don't tum it on Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in the blanks using -O|/O|> Sich. Serr ACE Cy 2 "gore A NaS ? BH), Aaa, aa ? B Sao] Aza, Ae Ale} SoA, a ASS 2 BU), Ala 2, 7. Demands ard Obligations, Permission and ProhibitionCB YSN GE wal oF sh, on ‘Smoking indoors is not allowed. £4 Sol ARspa et HQ, Using the phone while driving is not allowed. ala ae Aya te, ‘You may not crass the street now, Grammar Focus (2)P1 Ot SICH expresses the pro! can represent social conventions or commen sense dictating that a behavior or state is prohibited or not tolerated. It corresponds to ‘may not or ‘not allowed to’ in English. When the stem ends in a vowel or 2, — Qt EICf is used, and when the stem ends in a consonant, —OH Ot EICf is used. ion or limitation of a particular action of the listener. It also Neer Seether TIC} +B SI@ — 7a oF SI IC} + OF QF SIS — BjOO! OF se. ae Base Form oa ea | oa sick Oi OF sie ict | wosi or sie | [sc | moet o) 2 Sct “ch posi ot aieIn Conversation @ A + Allo] Bole Wee Ha? ‘A May | speak in English during class? B +4 Alte Sz Bora 8 During olass, you may not speak in English. ot HID, UES Spi]a, Fipeee peak o Seppe A ROE PS ASW] AS BA A inkKorea, you're not supposed to blow your nose ore, when eating. B oO}, 222? Bezoje2, 8 Oh, realy? | didn’t know that A EAZOA] of7}oHa of 5.2 ‘A You're not allowed to talk in the library. B of, Aeett, 8 Okay, 'm sony, (2) 2 ict can be used in the double negative form, that is, —x] 224 2 Sct, to emphasize that a particular behavior must be performed. + BHE B7/LOIL(7} wigh7] HS ole] AI Ow! et ee. = BE ole] jor 42.) ‘August is vacation season, $0 (you) must Duy plane tckets in advance. (Plane tickets have to be boucit in advance.) + SO] AIZKHA SSiR| YO! OF SHe (= SesHiOF she) Because the less is serious, surgery must be performed. (We have to perform surgery) + CHS Fo] Sot Alo] Boi Beapx| gow o she. (= BsHor 2) Because (have an important test next week, Imust study have to study) 7. Demands and Obligations, Permission and Prohibition7 “oleh Sieh aoc A ZISABIA 7S 71H HR? Bote, AMAR, AMS oe 4? 3 A 7) oi] Re7]S 8 asec. A S72? Bee ee ee eae 178( @ PAWS HA BSS WA) Gole SQ, Preschoo! stucients don't have to pay the bus fare, Bdoli7} BSseS Fz] APA] Sole S.A, Because i's a weekday, we don't have to buy tickets in advance, Pade: We a) Moke Aa, On Fridays, we don’t have to wear suits. Grammar Focus =X] QfOHE SICH expresses that 2 particular state of affairs or behavior is not necessary and is the negative form of -O/O1OF S|Ct/StCt. which expresses the obligation to perform a particular behavior. It corresponds to ‘does not have to’ in English. It is made by adding —A] SOF SICt or St —O}/04S= SIC} to the verb stem. ‘See also ‘-o}/015=" conjugation in Unit 16. Conditions and Suppositions 03 AV-o}/01) 7it} + —R] Ok SIct Ofc} + —K] Rok SIC — 7hn| Gols Sic (= et 7H SICH) — O(n] QOH SIC} (= BF HOKE: Eich “Base Form -A| BOHR 12 | 2 01/01 S12 act | AR QOKE S12 ot AS He. Sc | QOS eI oF MIE He asisict | ‘ustsis] ots she Ha ot aE AAS vicrelct “yin gor swe | PICEA SHS 7. Demands and Obligations, Perrission and Pro![sect Ex! dois 2. et Sole i “Sach AX| BOS She OF AMSE SHS zHech AE MO 2 Ot Bets 2 * regular for In Conversation > 3 ale B 7hop 1.2? opel eb 7H HL, Als Holo} sof sha! alse Sela, Ho}OL=s}Z] BoHs she, oo o o> ‘A Must | goto the dinner today? 8 If you're busy, you don't have to go. A T’ve got to go ona dist! 8 You're already slender. ‘You don’t need to diet. Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using elther—x| ols Sct or Bt —off/c1= Sich. AAS Ao 82 B EAlzto} 2.47} ABO} 7]chelo} HL? B APH] GO 7} yo] A FALE wofo} 91.29 3 ohn, alsba) ooh Ab Auge a] alep}.29 8 UE +20] 2.50] glou7Sec ell Hope @ v-7 4c} @AN-LW/ALA SACSe jas 2 2. UTS Bea Boa, | can't speak Korean wall. | want to speak Korean well, TES 2d SAH WHOA, 710] Mal Hoja, | naven't seen my family for two years. | want to see my family WS 4a A18, | want to eat strawberries. Grammar Focus —Z1 4ICt expresses the wish or hope of the speaker and corresponds to ‘want to’ in English. ~ZL 4 Chis added to verb stems. if the subject is in the first or second person, then —32 41Cf is used, but when the subject is in the third person, then —Z2 4{0{5}Ct is used. (See also Check it Out) Ach +a Alc — Ata Alc oleh + Ach— gi sic BaseForm RI OKE SH === Base Form -R| OLE SH. tet 7H HO | ect a2 Ho. sch Bar oie ict Bin Aja DHLICh win Noe wesc} | Bsn Aol esc stSx Yoie ec en 4ol2 ac auc ae ez Hoje.| In Conversation A ¥] ual dle] 9? ‘A What do you want to drink? 8 S42. Axe Az ala, B I'm sleepy. | want to drink some coffee. A Be] AupAof HS ASS WSL 4101.2? 4 what do you want for Christmas? B aM ApS what Alo] @ 8 I'd like some nige looking gloves. <> © When the subject is in the third person, a2 HOISICtis used (See also Unit 18. Changes in Parts of Speech 04 A-Ol/0f8iC}) + O12] AS AISI ALL Sols (0x) — OFF! WHE KESAIE AlsD ACHSHD. (©) Ere wants to buy a car @ Although —7 4c} cannot be added directly to adjectives, if -0}/0(AIC} is first added to an adjective, making ita verb, then {tt can be used. (See also Unit 19. Expressions of State 03 A-O1/0Z/C), | + SEMI AOD. (x) > SPMEARIT 4012 (0) | want to become sim. © -7 Achcan be combined with the particles -&/& and ~01/7. + 7ABO| S80. 4101. (0) 1 want to see my family. + JESS 1D. SOL, (0) | want te see my tami. ‘The following exercise concerns people who have come to Korea. Look at the picture and fill in the blanks with the appropriate sentences using 7 Ct. iD (IRE. 2 ele) (2 Os, Aes eich) (3) (@aiaia, aici) @ (ear, Buch 6) (a8) dich)7 A UAL SAL, | wish | had a car. =o] BOA SAL. [wish I hed a lot of money. AejAr+o] 2°] HOA SAA, | hope it snows on Christmas. Grammar Focus —2t/ALA ZAICt expresses a person's wish or hope about something that has yet to be realized. It can also be used when expressing a desire for a situation to become the opposite of what it currently is. This expression corresponds to ‘hope/want’ in English. When the verb stem ends in F or AL, then -UOHA BACH is used; while -WLA BAICt is used for all other verb stem endings. As for verbs ending in SHC}, the form changes to HOM SAIC}. In addition to -2/BAOM BIC, —QU/MOA SIC can also be used, but -—W/ROM BACH indicates a stronger degree of hope or desire. ees cham mces Toho, og MA Verb Ending in sit fagsict — HOE Sat | — AMO Bact | 3s OHO BACt "BaseForm | USSR Bzoi2 | BaseForm | RUMOR EAloie 2c YOR SHoa2 Hc HULA SHoaigAIC agent axioie os WEAoe! Saloia s:atolc} | AiuglOR! Exloig ‘Sexfolch EHOe S202 alk AIOE exon = exon exile * Irregular form In Conversation ™............. AB ao] Azle on? 'k At wet age do you want to get married? 8 204 Alo] SERou Sao a, 8 I ke to get marie before f'n 30. A 23% wpHe? A Are you still Busy these days? BU, Ale Be, 8 Yes, I'm still busy, SA9Oa SAC. wish | could have some time off. A |e Sto] 4] St 7}e].22 A What will you do this vacation? B Ass} Az] 40] 4 Aaja, 8 | pian to go skiing with my friends. HPS}o] Be] Go Sao} 2 | wish vacation would come sooner. > gs (2)@ SACt can be used in the same sense as —3i/YO% SAC}, but because —Q/AOM SICH | ‘supposes the realization of an as yet unrealized state, It more strongly emphasizes the verb. +20) SM EMOLD (the speakar i simply wishing to have lol of money) + 0) URL SAIS. (The speaker is supposing a stuation in which he has a lot of money, whch is in contrast to hss currant situation of having no maney;, thus the wish is emphasized) a 8. Expressions ofLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks using ~2i/a1951 SzIch @) A SA) Aeo] Fo].2? B _ (ogto} A171 . (Ali) ES SICH A Uo] 212 ax 4o}27 B . CHIHES OfAbSHC) w AV Oke, Q) SMe yp age (FHOich PES FHL,ers iMrs ile, Causes @AN-O/O1M @ @ AV-(2)LI7t D @N WEol, AV-7! Hellwp utah. Nice to mest you. 7#°| SO SS HD, | was in such a good mood that I danced By ae, I'm sony for arriving late. Grammar Focus —0}/01M is used to express that the information in the first clause is the reason for or the cause of the succeeding clause. tt corresponds to ‘because (of)’, ‘on account of', and ‘so... that...” in English If the stem ends in the vowel f or -L, then —O}A1 is used. Otherwise, -O{A] is used. As for verbs ‘ending in SCE, the form changes to SHAY, and in the case of O|Cf, 010A is used, except in conversation, when O|2}44 is used. ‘Stem Ending in Vowel i eon ste ee Other eerste niee af QC} + -OFAi — StAq | ACE + OL — SOLA ‘BAlolct — Svat Ad Baseform | -OHOIM~——|sBasoForm =| = OHI ich | aid | at Bota! act OFA zich | oi sick ao | izolct O/O4A(0|2kAd) “HMAC plo Ad sett 25s “act | eld Basic LABIA “ect Bo1A ® Tregular form —O}/04A4 cannot be used in imperative or propositive sentences. +o] AWS AA ULE ANS Heo] Fea]. (x) 0] AMES a he AS Ho} ay, (0) ‘These shoes ars big, so plsase show me a diferent pai, + Qs SHO] BofA Uiel wh? (x) = 2% S40] Lory} yg WL? (0) Ife cece aya wo tome +2} £h4 O12 AA 69 ol] Four oles AIeh. (0) (tke thie one, 2 te buy (See also Unit 9. Reasons and Gauses 02 A/V-(2)L17} DD) Tense markers such as —t/S{— and —2{{— cannot come before —Of/OfA1. + We we] BaeVA] Poa, () ~H}S Wo] Hols] AI} ofA. (0) My stomach hurts on account of eating £0 much food. + 6] ZO] TBA] lat O12, (x) +9] Ke] ow] a1 41.4, (0) | want to wear these clothes bacause they're pratty. (Compare with Unit 5. Time Expressions 04 V-O}/014)) ‘9. Reasons and CausesIn Conversation A BAO} Azo] glo}.a? ‘4 Do you have time on Saturday? B O}H Se un} 2)Zbo] glo}.a. B This week, I'm busy and don't have time. A °] RS 9 of Bola? ‘A Why don't you wear these clothes? BARS Ao F Wola, 8 Those clothes are so small that | can’t wear them. A Bol SW] HAS Epa? ‘4 Do you take the bus when you go home? B OR, EJ Alzhof: 217} BORA] a No, because there's a lot of traffic when ag ea. | get off work, | take the subway. AS F2., Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using -0}/0144. | wee thal} ach 4 6] Aga} He) Bo}e? 2 £4] Bo] Gor, AWS S8HS B72? 8 2x74 Bas ZUhA, 4 Olle 7422 2 ap al BU 712, A SY OFS Bola? BASS Bo] uz} ofa,Zo] eps} ABiaIS Bch. ‘The roads are full of trafic, so let’s take the subway. PUA AE SE So} aa, Its cold, so please clase the window. AES Bh 47} 7] 20] Hohe, | took a shower, so now I feel good. —(2)L|7)} expresses the reason or cause for something and corresponds to ‘so’ of ‘because’ in English. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or @, —L|7fis used, and when the verb stem ends ina consonant, “2L|7)f is used. eae ent epa ANCE +
of} altel Fe ABS Wha? olzHee. Se Soho A What present should | give my girfriend? o 2 Gills ike flowers, 30 give her some flowers. ES ASIA. © Cannot be used in imperative or propositive sentences, + AlziO| SO1AI tel ZEA. (x) = Chet OHI] LANE Stntse? (xx) @ Tense markers such as -31/2\— and —2l- cannot be used. + SSOLA) ASIO1Al BROS athe, (x) © Used mainly to express a general reason, A 2 34018? why were youlate? BAIT} DAA SOLD, “There vas alot of tafe, sol wes late. © Can be used with common words of greeting, such as #H2IC}, ICH ZAfSICh, and 0234. + SILIA! ERIBLICH, (0) Nee to meet you 6 8 © Can be used with imperative or propositive sentences, i2., -(2)a1s2, {2)= 7-22, and SHA. + Algo] SUM wel FHI, (0) ‘There's notime, $0 90 auickly. + Fhelzt ORLIMt SAIS gz? (9) My logs are sore, 60 shall we take a taxi? @ Tense markers such as -24/94— and —Al-can be used, + GROIA ZROUAH ROIS atabe, (0) | can speak Korean well becaue | ved n Korea. © Used when stating a subjective reason oF providing a basis fora particular reason. Further, it is used mainly when the other party also knows about the topic under discussion, £94 ROR? wy were youtate? BAI? OISILIM} OID, Because (es you know there wes aletoftrafc. @ Cannot be used with common words of greeting, such as BRZECh, TIC, 2EAfsICh, and O)28{Ct + BELHLDE SHESLICE, (x)1 Choose the appropriate word from below to fil in each blank using {©)L\7}. 2 Ach sect ABSICH eEC} Qo} eh ) a BL MAZE AA aloll 7ER? BAL aA 2S Re] Bolsa. (2) a Alt Ate] & ARS = V}N? so] eS @ aes “410, @ a 2S wean? af, Us saa, (@) A lL Wow B72? Bat Aygo) Ses ee © 4 $e] ole & EAgel Zo] Bah ve, soll Eade siapol ade wd, 2 Circle the correct answers. @) Eel (MA / M27) ABs] Walch, 2) (MAT / E17) Nos B7-R? @) So] Be] CA] / U7) ol 7H. (4 (See / Sse] A) Bayt. (5) LANE Aol (UTOVAT / Eto) B EAs Aa] a, 8. Reasons and Causes | 793te Wey Zo] "Desa, ‘The road is slippery because of the snow. ofo] ME a2. {'m tired because of the children, AFUM]7] Wz Was Ft Kes, | can’t speak Korean well because I'm a foreigner. Grammar Focus 201] and —7| OH}0\] express the reason for or cause of the situation described in the second clause and correspond to ‘because’ in English. —7| UH50l] is used when expressing a clear reason and is a more literary expression than —OL/O1A and —(©)LI0h. Atter nouns, UHS20lI is added, and after verbs and adjectives, —7| 01/201] is added to the stem. ov + 7 | 2H | Noun Niel | sBaseForm =| AV-7/ HEIL 4| a Seo ach 471 20 2 2171 Heo anec wh 27| aZoH ee a EOI act | al get ‘dat mizol ect 2171 aheoH 7 =| emer | 271 aha—7| UHZ.01] cannot be used in imperative or propositive sentences. “PAL B71 EO ESS OMA. («) = PHF ASU OEE LE ao.aa, (0) sist chlo pleas fel Serb ae + AFRO] ICH] 7] sON Re ZTE, 69) = aH] leh} Wel ZH, (©) vr Hae tg slate gol + PAE B71 aha AF ZDeEL? Ox) = PHF HOU Ao} Ah? (0) ‘Tho weather is nico, so shall we go to the mountains? in Conversation AH BYNR? A Why were you late? B 8) Wo} 27} EO] PHRMOLA. 8 There was a lot of trafic due to the rain. A ENeol RAE + gol? ‘A Can you meat me on Saturday? B ERS alt Welo]7] ufo] 8 Saturday is my friend's birthday, wkd 4 glol a 80 | won't be able to meet you. A Yo] oy Z 7.2? ‘4 Wl you take atin during the vacation? 8 Oh], 711 AAIRt OL=UpOYES —a No, want to, but because t have Bp) wizof 712, ‘a part-time job, | can't go. Deal DU + O}7| KHON HB SE BIO}, + o}710)7| woH ez B01. {can't eat because of (something relate to) the “The baby car't eat because he/she tsi a baby. ‘baby (for example, not acing to sieap) + So|7] wo BH e1As6) aot ste. + Bt WHEOH JO] B17} LHsz018. You have to study hard because you are a student. ‘The teacher got angry because of (something) the students ei, (lr example, tee) ‘8, Roasons and Causesges Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using either mis#04| or —7] aH. A 253 Hf Bate} eh 7}.2? 8 S}ato]] et 7a, (@aorn AWS Sola, 2] BYA] B72? By RSS, (24401 24) ABA, HU, 2s Wz] 3-07 B Highs} a. eS Ag. Gua ARID Al, Sf Ae} 2? ale|7} ofp e? e4l, ee on (e+Requests and XSF ed @ V-Ol/o} FAQ, V-Ol/0} FAMAL? @ V-0}/o1 BAL, V-Ol/o1 BL?ep 2S Sot FAR, Please close the door. Ava & Alo] a) Mola? Would you plesse take our picture? ares ehaal Sey8, Ploase show har to a seat. Grammar Focus This pattem expresses a request to someone to perform an action and corresponds to ‘please/would you" in English. -OL/0} 2£A|21012? is a more polite expression that shows more consideration for the listener than —O}/01 25A{|S2. When the recipient of the action is someone higher in status than the speaker or someone to be respected, —Of/0] [2A] is used. When the verb stam ends in | or -L, —Of} EM|2/7EA| BOL? is used. Otherwise —Of EA|B/7EAIZ012? is used. For verbs that end in SC}, the form changes to —8 EM|2/7SA|BO12?, Noreen Cn ares | Net ur a Resear). QCt+ OMI | AIL} + -01 EMI 2 aLASH = + BLOF BML Blo} HLS See BaseForm | -OWO1-EMID =O) BAIHIOID? AKC ABMS Ab BAIALOAR? ach ARM A EAMOIR?wact | wal EH\2 | at SAIOR? ac | S01 Sule | B01 FAO? avtich | ArKat EMIS | Antal FAlBO1L? enusict | tual EMIS | otal SALA? mach | WKS | AH AIROID? ee 7 END [ 1 RAO? * Irregular form In Conversation A AS ENA) R? ‘A Excuse me. Could you please help me out? Bl, 8} Ea72? B Sure. How may | help you? A Ot 4, 0] 2H 71S Pala. B Ulerey2, 7 tt Beha, lst S]4fo]] ofa gS EujoF ai.2, OAS Bole WAYS FAR? Yl, 2272. > o <> ‘A Wang Dan, please teach me this grammar. 8 Sorry. | don't understand it either. ‘A Ihave to send an email to a company in the U.S. Would you please translate this into English? B Yes, I sure wil. 01/0} 7c}, ©2Ic} is used when the speaker or the subject of the sentence performs an action that assists the listener or another person. When the assistance has already been completed, -Ol/0| 012 or -0}/01 SRO12 is used. + 82 SHE BSA + Bzie! 71K BAIe, + ALPE ais alo} Bloig. My big brother helps me a tt with my homework Please wal for|ust a moment. My older sister peeled some tut for me. + O}%| SE FON| 4S ot 6H] MOL, ‘avant givon a prosont to my tnd yal 10. Making Requests and Assistingonus What are the people in the following pictures requesting? Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using either ~O}/0} 4 or -O1/01 SAlO2?. wm RSS BBB SH MS SE aa oloh7iatct By], So] Saale. A AE 4, 8), tH] 4 SOMA, A ey, dasuc, BY, S7lo1a.Palo] A Se] Bel S72? have two umbrellas, 80 shall | lend you one? Al7} SS} SSAA, Let me help you with that, AY, Al7} So] SSB? Teacher, shail | help you out? Grammar Focus This pattern is used when attempting to help someone and corresponds to ‘Shall’, ‘Allow me’, or ‘I wil in English. When the person receiving the help is of higher status than the speaker, -O}/0{ = 2! HIS o —Of/0} = 727 is used. When the verb stem ends in | or L, Of BAIL/BVL? is used. Otherwise —O] #$71|2/2§77/27 is used. For verbs that end in SICf, the form changes to —H{ SA2/S2? Suna uno elgg | Seni aes laa Nera ng | + OF BAS 7ICICh+-O1 BAS | Sealc}— Satay Sale = Aaa | sical aie pene | BaseFom | ovr me | ~o}/0| B72? SIC} st Bag B72? asc oso] Ble Dhol 72? welct 2a a7i2 Ba B72? 10. Making Requests and AssistingATHSICE Ast BAL sc ES BAe ® Irregular form In Conversation © A obeuh, 7] 4 a9) Fala, 8 Ui, 2H, ae ale Swale, a elae a] ex goja? 2 uy, FEB, Arnal B72? 2} BQ? ‘A Me'am, olease clear off this table. B Okay, I'll clear it of right away. ‘A Would you ming turning on the air conditioner? B Sure, Il turniton. Asimple command or request to the listener to do an action for the listener's sake. + 0] Ro] EF Wolly et oBAD. Chet Boe SERA, “These clothes do not look good Min, Pleeae change ‘them with something ese. (Forte sake of you, Miu.) + CID)Pt OFSEWIE? OF1 BLOKE, Does your foot hurt? Please sit dovn here. (For te sake ofthe listener) A-request to the listener to do an action for the sake of the speaker + 0] 20] Nola g OBAIe. CIs Row LEY BA, “These ccthes do not lock geod en me, Piase change them with something ese (Formy sake) + Raph ot moe, elo FALG. () can't see the screen. Please sit dawn, (Formy sake) Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using either 01/04 BAIL of ~O}/04 BML’. Bu), gloja. A ALTERS aH, Tae. welch aetcy a4] & We] S > gle]2?May lirsaCa iy Things and Experiences @ v-0}/o} ct @ V(2)u Ao] eict/eictANS Ao} Ha? Have you tried Korean ribs? aha do] Buia, Please try ton. AVEO 7} BS Ao}.2., | want to visit Jeju island. Grammar Focus —O}/0{ SC} expresses trying out or experiencing an action, and corresponds to ‘try’ in English. When the verb stem ends in + ort, —O} SAC is used. Otherwise -O{ EAC} is used. For verbs that ‘end in SHCf, the form changes to —6H SIC}. In general, when used with the present tense, it expresses trying something, and when used with the past tense, it expresses having the experience of doing something. + G37 NYA. Z2KS Yo] WAI.B, Kimchi tastes good. Please try some kimehi. (try) + Gals Ao] Moja, selgoya. "ve had kimchi. It tastes good. (experience) scree ans are ogra Meese tala Laue 7HCh + Of Ach ct + —Of Sch — 7h SSC} + HO} SICf Ofaestct — Of8HsH SEChBase Form 01/01 MIE. | 0/01 01s a a ea | ae el ad aohwae | Awa ac elo} ake eel Bois acy Hol A Ao} RAL aes Beal MS Best ola suet | SHE | Sal Ho1e “ect Bot ale i gogo * Irregular form In Conversation A 0} Ala 410] BE sa? ‘A May I try on these shoes? BY), Alo} BA. 8 Yes, please try them on. A Ms At 12? ‘A Do you have any Korean friends? Bo 4R, golR, B No, I don't, I would Ike to have the chance to) Sls 24-8 Abe] a 4leja. make Korean friends. A Aes uy HO]? A Have you tried drinking Korean rice wine? B Of-A, et uA] Hola B No, | haven't tried it yet. What does it taste ike? of Btolol).2? ‘When -01/0} !#Ct is used to express the experiencing of something, it is not used together with the verb sch. + PIS SEIS H Oia. (x) — SI QISHE Ht HO] Ql012 (0) te seen a Korean movie. 11. Trying New Things and Expenences 21 Look at the picture and make recommendations to a friend to go to the places in Korea shown on ‘the map. or So) 7 ay WS] 7H 2) Aol 71 @) AEE 7a 2 The following is a dialogue. Choose the appropriate word from below to fill in the blanks using -9|/ of rh. vee Pasar weal: 23 A, Abs) 7} Be] a? Be: oh] 2, (1) __. Wee] A Meal: U], Alt ete] 7} ole, ag: elAbeel,) a gle] 2? Mae: WE Be aL AAS Ba: eA, ale eNO AME OLY uD alola, eel: Ll Ope eo] MAR Sr 4} 206We Bats B Ao] gleja, I've seen an indian movie. SIAlol 21ZbRt Ao] Glo}. ve never been late to work. ofzelofo] 7} & Alo] gly a? Have you ever been to Italy? Grammar Focus (2) AO] QCH/SACt expresses having or not having a particular experience in the past and corresponds to ‘have done/had’ in English. When the subject has had an experience, (©). 240] ACF is used, and when the subject has not had an experience, (2) 240] LCb is used. If the verb stem ends ina vowel, 740] QICt/SiC is added, and if the verb stem ends in a consonant, AAO] QICH/SICt is added. Although the form {2)L UO] VCH/SiCt can also be used to express the same meaning, (©). 240] QICH/GICt is used more often. Stem Ending in Vowel Stem Ending in Consonant = x01 et }+-2 Ho] gic — eS Jo] sICt aS ee Se eich eaorsch ach | ee 01 wer tue | et ajopaict | ich | sie aio] ict ——ofgisich |B Ato chew) WE a0] ICP ‘ahech as sol Sich ‘sc Be Hol 2ict * lregular form 41. Trying New Things and Experiences 20-(Q)L AO] QC is commonly combined with —O}/O} HICH to form —O}/0} = 240] QICb, which means to have the experience of having tried something. + AS P)Bo]] 7} B Zo] GO1A. Ihave been (successfully tried to go) to the US. + oe} SS Fo] B Ao] Go] @, ve never tried (had the experience) Korean food, In Conversation * -© A ofA] FEA} Aolel-S whyxe].2, 1A Yesterday, | meta celebrity in Myeongdong. Bh. 2)a712] = Soles 8 Wow, I've never met a celebrity wre ao] Hola, A AAA Ba abe S Hohn? ‘A Can you bargain well atthe market? B Of, Fo} = Ao] Gola, 8 No, Ive never been able to bargain. (2) YO| QIC} is not used when describing things that are often repeated or are everyday occurrences. + Sh BS FL! Aho] Woke, (x) + Stato! 21 aio] gol, (x) Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using (2): 0] eici/eich. A opel ABS} Ar} e Zo} glo}? 8 chia, Ag agizig Aajo . also] 944) 8Lo} Z Zo} ola? on, BI} Sia FI 2 > olde Boule 4] goin? ona, le AGAR Pe wNy Creme) yal celacs and Making Suggestions @ v-(g)e72? © @ v-(2)27127 @ ® V-(2)HAlct ® v-(2)Alwo2? © v-(2)222? ©Ze] SHaHL? ‘Shall we play some basketbal? 71 & B72? ‘Why don't we rast over hare? BS Yas B72? Which mavie shall we s20? Grammar Focus “ —(2)2 727 is used when the speaker wants to either to suggest doing something together with the listener or to ask about the listener's preference regarding something. The subject of these sentences is Pz], which is often omitted. The English equivalent is ‘Shall we...2” or Why don't we...?" When emsweting! the suggestive form—(©)u AIC} or —OL/O1S2 is used. (Gee-also. Unit'12. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 05 V2) Alc) When the stem ends in a vowel or 2, —2 77/2? is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —S7/}2? is used. Sui JIC} + EMI? — BAR? Act + B72? UN ee Renee ccs ye712? Base Form ~Sme? S712? ACE ani? PBR? ofatstct omnis? — | se712? eth wer | ait -aaug? * regular form (Compare with Unit 12. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 02 V-(2)=7I2? @, unit 17, Conjecture 03 AW 210 S)=7127 8)In Conversation A Zo] Bo] ayfol] B72? ‘A Shall we go sing karaoke over the weekend? BU), Fork, Zo] 7428, B Okay, sounds good. Let's go. A Sz Ho] & tH 4 G72? ‘A Would you like to go for a drink atter work? B UgreyR, Qt eo] Qo a, B Sorry. Today, | have other plans. Let's do it next time, os] Zo] F.2, The following is a conversation between Budi and Wang Jing. Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 12)= 712? and -o}/o12. = 7 YA), Fe] Yd Fy Bem2? cacy) Be: ASp B2, (wry) Sel: HE BSS 11) yaa) BB: UF BFS 0) . tec) 2c |; ed o}cflAl 3) eG) BB: Sat stel]A] 4) . (elute Sc|: 34] $3}7} g1o}.2. BS: 2d, S35} Al4e)7] Ao] hy] Se) AAS ©, 2 cy S|: Yl, Sor, BS: Bot at Uy THE Ale 7-41 6)__ __? asich AC: AE 2YS tt SOA, 7a] OLA «7, . (olor tic) 28: 2d, ay] aa, 412. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 277Ee B72? ‘Shall | opan the window? Wl PLES dea? ‘What shall | wear tomorrow? AWS HAAR, FAS EBB? Would you like (me to get you) some coftes or juice? Grammar Focus —(2)2 712? is used when the speaker wants to make a suggestion to the listener or to ask the listener for his or her opinion. The subject is normally H|7} or LH7} and may be omitted. In English, When responding, the imperative this expression corresponds to ‘Shall I...?" or ‘Do you want me to. forms (©)|@ or {2)X] OH|® can be used. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or &, 2 77t 27 is used, and when the verb stem ends in a consonant, —B7}2? is used. Stem Ending in Consonant Sosa aN elcid AIC] + -2 IR? — WIL? Sc} + -ei2? — Herik? Base Form = —=7A2? Base Form 722 rick ze? ect aaa? 2c ane? ‘sch SB712? | fect STIG? ‘ect sa7i2? * Irregular form (Compare with Unit 12. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 01 V-(2)=7712? @, Unit 17. Conjecture 03 AV-(2)2712? @) 212In Conversation A Ue ea] ase? ‘8 When shall | call you tomorrow? a Ayo] AsisHig, > o 5 Please call me in the evening. o}3} AIFt Aelo] oy a. 4 It’s my girlriona’s birthday. BE AES U8? SS Apa, ‘What present should | get her? 8 Buy her some perfume. Giris lke perfume. ‘A Where should | put this computer? 8 Please put it on the desk Use {2)=712? to ask your partner for advice, and then use ~(2)4@ or —X| a}Is2 to complete the appropriate response. Ri ae ee eh eh AO duly Bela? gabe 2 34, “nih 2 lot, ASF 24} BH eo] Nola, HELE 2 sate _ JR ARES AE Sore, A DISA 277) 918, 21795 ofefol 2 sUséd sso] AE BST + lola, A Wal ef AAS} slol=7t glo}, 0} ashe 2 56) Bae HES AS 2 SB, 42, Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 213Grammar Focus alg BeAr. Let's eat Korean food. HAS eb) ube, 28S BAN, Let's not take the bus. Let's take the subway. S3s Ba) al. Let's not see a movie, —(2)4AICF is used to suggest or propose doing something with the listener and corresponds to ‘Let's’ or ‘Shall we’ in English. The same meaning can also be expressed by —Of/0{. When the stem ends in a vowel, —H1A|C} is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —S}A|C} is used. When ‘suggesting not to do something, however, either —X] BLAIC} or —2] OH is used. snl Ran eel JIC} + —w AIC} — ZEAICH Seas hakeen Ted Ach + SAIC — SSAlct Base Form ~(ajanict 7) BAI [ect SAI 2x) SIAC Shit OnEAICE eiLiA| PEACE orgisict oma offi] talc eect} ot Alc a zich wealth @x| BAlct * Irregular form 214A QA] teh A2? ‘A When shall we depart? B 10% Fo] See ch 8 Let's leave in 10 minutes. A +B] See] B72? {A Shall we go to a club on the weekend? B Yao} 4)¥Yo] glorjy 8 We have a test on Monday, s0 let's not goto a club. SUL 7) Ah. Bo] Bgl, ete atudytgatner A 2S Sl aR? ‘A Why con't we go hiking today? B O}Al 4)7} fA] uz] 9)9., 8 (trained yesterday, eo the ground is sllapery. The 0] 7h. Let’s go next weak | 72) tsAIC} can be used in formal situations in which the speaker is suggesting or inviting a group of people to do something or when the listener is younger or of lower status than the speaker, It cannot be used toward someone older or of higher status than the speaker. In such cases, 20] [V4.2 is appropriate. @ When suggesting or inviting « group of people to do something. + O21, 22] 25 BA QA SAIC}, Everyone, otal suc herd + SMAPIILch SE SAL AAMBIAICE le unotine, Love all have bnch, @ When the listener is younger or of a similar age or status as the speaker. + ARBiet: @2Gl0}| ZO] RIA! AUAPEEAICE, Company Director: Leis have lunch togetnor on Saturday. + AiG W), SELIC Employee: Olay, that sounds goed. + HE: S23 Ml, 2220 20] SA! ZIAICE. Joejun: Yoko t's go hiking over the weakend. + SB: Se}a, THE AN, Yoko: Sure, Jasin. @ When the listener is older or of a higher status than the spealcer. + Abed, Setstol] 210} ZIAIC. (>) + 2Mfel, ‘c24¥0] ZO] 71412. (0) Teacher, please go sing Karaoke together with us. + m4, Hele} Zo] ale St AICh (x) = 4H, FBI} ZO] A EMIS. (0) Professor, pleese have lunch together wit us |e narra 12, Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 2Jisu is planning a trip for summer vacation with her friend, Carol. Use -(2)=AIC} and 01/012 to complete their dialogue in which they plan their trip. Ae Mes: iS med: Rls: Wes: aia: Ale: Aa +1, OM So] F748 Zo] S72? ul, SokR. Zo] a) ca) CE BN? Bole B7to, Hye BL? AS BS FVS Go] SHOU 7 SH 7H Ao} a, HQ), - (O48IC)) Zea, of Alep4lo}] 7H Ast} w}e}o} Zh 4 ola, aerate) oju.a7 Aelato] $7012! Be}4tol @) ed BLEfol] 7Ha 2) Yaz Stat (ay . (eH atch) 2 Sh, ANB) zed. ANE S AUT} SSS FAH 6) (tat ul, elo, B®, Azle BAST HAL, AH A, BAS) BS + lo}2? : SENS, 72] VASE (6) . eh)ap ul $ EAN? Would you like a donut? WE ofepsp ola? Would you like to reserve a room? AB] AIS FLAl Aja? Would you lke sugar in your coffee? Grammar Focus —(2)A|Z1012? is used when politely suggesting something to the listener or when asking about the listener's preference or intention. It corresponds to ‘Would you (mind/like to)...2° or ‘Why not...?! in English and conveys a much more formal and polite feeling than (2) 2 2422/-(S)Alzq2?. When the stem ends in a vowel, —A|Z10{2? is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —OA|Z012? is used. Remake! ‘Stem Ending in Consonant JIC} + -APOIa? — 7talztoia? BIC} + -CAaloia? — gionjzioia? Base Form =Aialoi2? Base Form ~24\31012? "ett gape? gict eOalaol2? euch BILAN? IC Hoxie? -Sgaich | BAASHAAIOIR? act | goatee? “OHgC PIEAROR? “EC | sexiaioie? ® Irregular form 412. Asking Opinions and Making SuggestionsIn Conversation A US B Alol] 2A] zo} 2? 8 What time wil you come tomorrow? B 34\7}4| 272, B | will be there by three o'clock. A FHRAR, ZY 4), 2] eepoi].2, ‘A Hello, Joel. This is Lila, a2 33} Walopa? Can you talk now? B UA, As S19] Solos, 8 Sony. Im in the middle of a meeting. 30% Roy cA] ABH Zalalol.a7 Would you mind calling me in 30 minutes? > Bs] AS 7ABS ART oj 2, ‘A I want to buy a traditional Korean souvenir. 22, ASO 7b BAAR? B In that case, why don't you go to Insadong? Find the most appropriate response from the choices given, 2s shown in the example, Ie, ziet JICfeIAIAIL2? 1a Bo] Ba} we} HAI} 1d Wad 12? res :@ (2) FES OFA) Bpaloia? + + Oudsy2, AE A BSzoa, © 48 +e Solas, Bt TIAA ROR? (2) Fo} Asie. . jo} o] FF ae igs + OMA se aaa, ‘i s. a eae ap + © uy, Fla, Sa. 218“oAt Bo] BQ? Do you want to go hiking? ais] at saa? ‘Would you lke to have a cup of coffee? ego) WS eb gheeh.09 °F Would you like to go ride a boat on the Han River? Grammar Focus —(2) 22127 Is used when asking about the listener's preference or intention or when gently making 2 request. It is used often in spoken language among close friends and thus does not convey as polite a feeling as —2 A|71012?. It corresponds to ‘Want to...2” or ‘How about...?’ in English. When asking 2 question in the form of (©) 22.27, the answer can be given in the form of (2) 222? or ~(2)2 AIL. (2) 2 2HL? can also be replaced with —K] PBL? (St -(S)=242Q?), which means the same as —(2)# 22? even though it is a negative form. When the relationship with the listener is close but the speaker still wants to show respect, (2)412H12? can be used. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or @, —@2HS2? is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —Bel2? is used. Su Neaas Ia Ran elas ilee Cans akereuacts JIC} + eee? — Wee? etch + ea? — YeeL?gBeweie? | ‘ect sete? | wae? “act wea? % Irregular form (Compare with Unit 13. intentions and Plans 03 V-(2}= 242 2) In Conversation A AS PAPAS Hea. 1A I have doenjang stew. sin] aS] Ela A? What will you have, Hemi? B AE Beye Aaa, 8 li havo beof rib soup, A -S7] Hl, $2] ALR USL] SHER? 2 Yuri, what do you want to do after we finish our tests? B Qs} B72? B Shall we go see a movie? A ALES] opgo] a1 lola, ‘A Lwant to see a night view of Seou! B Le] AAL}o) A}SE}A}] Zo] eH? a inthat case, how about going to Sooul Tower this evening? qua Choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using -(2)= 2427. 2 a Age} Aah et eho @) A SYA, ce) ose? a7] Sizpop BOR, WaroLA, A SH, 0] Ho] Hoja ajay]? 8 Yl, FoEk, AS HSA AVAL. ag 25 saa go] geeks Sat aa Sora, 42229 wpe? LS ANNES Vt Hol Yon, Zo] Ya} ? Bigke]a, 2% whey 2)Zh0] go}.2. 2 @) o> 4 o> > © w 220Intentions and Plans @ AV-HO12 © @ve)2412 @ Vve)eu2 @SAS PS SSRs. ‘This year, I'm going to stop smoking. Al7| BOS 7RSUT. "i. go on the business trip, BW) So] Asse] HAs Such. We will soon arrive at Incheon Aiport. Grammar Focus 1 —2012 is added to the ends of verbs to express the intention or will of the speaker. It corresponds to ‘()) will/am going to’ or ‘() plan to’ in English. It is made by adding -2#0] to the verb stem. The negative form is mace by adding —X| 22210|2 or Qt —WlO}2. + OHH} £5 aloo. I plan to exercise every morning. + ola) SS mHI2] Qalela, | won't drink alechol any more, When —30].2 is used to express intention or will, the subject cannot be in the third person. PIG] Re Use) oleh eigto} a, (x) - 72] AS MAPA Cho|oES ale, (0) Kylie will start her diet (from) tomorrow. AE ULE CSP LES stele. (0) 1 start my diet (rom) tomorrow.2 —2{01@ can also be used to convey information that something is about to occur. In this case, it corresponds to ‘should” or ‘will’ in English. + 7127} SAPS. The train wil anve shorty Wade 47} Oat] ch, IC} + AOR — HC? It should rain tomorrow. ACh + Bak — AAoig Base Form HAR | Qt} HOD | BIC wuwoe | ASSO aeisict (Compare with Unit 17. Conjecture 01 A/V—2104 2) In Conversation A eb al, 2Izf3}2] wp4}A19! a Agee. aves dy omteuct. A IR AS0] 24x Beto} alomucy. 8 HAY, Te aI} S48 see, A 8A) Hole Ves EWA a aad chal 41S sieuey. a agsqua? geceduch, <> © —Ais used idiomatically in the following cases. Base Form i HOR i act Hoe ghect BSwoig Sct ‘A Wang Dan, let's not be late to class! B I'm sony, I'll arrive early starting tomorrow. A Some foreign guests are here, 50 | need someone to interpret. B In that case, Chief, | will interpret for you. ‘A Professor An Junho will give a lecture on the Korean economy shorty. B Good afternoon. I'm An Junho. ey «AB HAIGLICH, O/BI-PRILICE, Its a pleasure to meet you. (Ne meet for the frst time.) 'm Lee Minu. +B eeLct ‘Thank you for preparing this food. (will ejay this food} + O/DIL, Sta CH ERSLIC!, — Mothor, I'm off to schoo expressing a thought. “A is also used when the speaker wants to be less assertive and more gentle and polite when A ofa. 01717181 E1012? Everyone, do you understand (what I've discussed) so far? BOLIe, 22712, No, | don't quite understand, 419, Intentions and Plansogous ‘L What have the following people decided to do in the new year? Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using alos. (), Sas S48) (aii) (2) Sao OMS Be] (earch (3) Sale ‘ (eaFEL NRL Bic} >) 2 The weather forecast is being shown on television. Look at the weather map below and fill n the blanks using —ASLICt. Ue AAS SAS BAlech (1) Yd ASS 2 OTe 224Al7t AS} BSA. 1 answer the phone. RSA. Ge] QA Bal AAA, Sorry. [have work to do, so I'llbe leaving now. Aol Asa. 1" call you in the evening. Grammar Focus —~(2)2 AIG is used when the speaker wants to express a decision or intention to another person similar to a promise, and also when actually making a promise to do something with the other person. It is also used simply to express that the speaker will do something. It thus corresponds to ‘() will (do)’ in English. This expressicn is used in colloquial language mainly among intimates. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, then — 2 7{[$ is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —7{| is used. Cuero ine M Uo = Relat i Stem Ending in Consonant 7ich + -2Al@ — Zale act + Bag — Bere Base Form eA Base Form oct wa Bt CE ie |e as | Ie ach ae vatct wa ‘sc see * Irregular form 4, Intentions and PlansThis expression can be used only with verbs that express the will of the subject. + Qe QF Oe HO] BAB, (x) (The blowing of the wind is not due to the will or intention of the wind.) + Abe APT E] SAE AQ. (x) (It cannot be used with adjectives.) Only subjects in the first person can be used. +30] a7} Alga] 2a}, 60 =e] 17} 449} IaH Alea, (0) Buc cal inthe evening —- AV} AMoH alse. (0) Pal inthe evening This expression cannot be used in questions. + Feb a, oll] 322] P2777 (x) — ee} 4), oA 22] Balaji? (0) Lila, you won't be late in the future, will you? In Conversation A Al 3 7}2) a1 Bola? ‘Did you bring my book? B ulete}a, 2oyH]so}.2. 2 Sony. I forgot ele 2 7}]a1 gag, 1M definitely bring it tomorrow. A Me} 4), 7}Le] ae] ojnyel Bae 1 Efic, do you know Kyle's email address? op R? BU, Gora, Al7} Sole] A EAAD, 5 ves,1do. rwite it down (on paper tor you. 226A relationship exists with the listener, and the subject’ intention or thought is expressed while taking the listener into consideration. A Bol FOU 7t SIMS hex) alae, 8, SUS et oleae, (Speaker 8 hoars what Speakor A saya and states the inten t flew tre advice) Ae, Siete] 7a. BU, x7 eM PIAS, (Goeeker B intends to call under the essumpion that Speaker A expects it) ee On On Paates No relationship exists with the listener, and the subject’s thought, intention, or plan is expressed unidirectionaly. A OLAISEY SHS oF mI ose, Be wzautol2, (Speaker Ahad areaay been planning to stop smoking, which was a dec sion Urelated othe relationship wity Speaker 8) ATE, 2Hs6! JMR, 8 Ui, Miz} Boll Maret 20k. (Speaker B plans to call Sceaker A respective of Spoaker Ae wishes) Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks as shown in the example. wa Aol] UF oe. 7 EA SF WNL? BYR, ROEM Sg 8 4), BE 8 deja, 8 uta. 2 ealale, (eu selet) (ian ac) a AS2| AE BAS AOU ay} ai (ArH AEE A, 0] ATE WAR wy FAAo| a? 6 o}7} YO) CES ABE olobzTSpH et Be, (olopzlsich x) 2 Wl 28 Vepjok shyt os sea abel a A, oY, DAPe, oe 1. Intentions and PersGrammar Focus UF Wy} BER, Tet Saya, {'m so ful. 'm not going to eat any more. Az] ope, it have coffee (to drink). ope eho fee Tea, ‘This vacation, I'm going on a trip. —(2)= 2H expresses the fact that the speaker has the will or intention to do something. It is used often in colloquial language among intimates, and does not confer a feeling of politeness. This meaning corresponds to ‘be going to’ or ‘will’ in English. Used in questions, itis a way to ask the other person his or her intention (See also Unit 12. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 05 v-(S)=24 ? ) When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, — 22H is used, and when it ends in a consonant, Beh is used. Soe cec ka | 7} +2 — Baie Reames Ach + Sage — Seis |__ Base Form -ea2 Base Form e212. | st | @ae wee eich BPig. ea asec =| BieaIe Bsae | sale ——— ect * Irregular form 2281. This expression can be used only with verbs. oe 77 AR. 00) ARS 77} OM SAO, (0) | wah L were tal + ARE BAR. (x) +A ROA SAMOA. (0) | wish I were pretty. (See also Unit 8. Expressions of Hope 02 AV-3i/2OH B2ICh 2 Only subjects in the first person can be used. + SYA hE Fo] DH AaB, (>) SP AEC Sof] Mao] Z Aa, (0) Hoang will goto his hometown next weak. = AE The FH UBS] AeA. (0) Tl go to my hometown next week. (Compare with Unit 12, Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 05 V-42)#212? @) In Conversation © A dhe] 4), jap hal BS} StH, ‘A Hami, do you want to see an Bu 3} aa? action movie or ahorrar movi ator? B AE SE ASE Aola, B | don't ike horror movies. ol eet eae, I want to see an action movie A 3] EAlye? 1 What would you ite to arink? BAT AMS valays. B [like some cottee. A 2 az 49] Yel ahe]o] ef 7-227 a Aren't you going to Lile's birthday party today’? BU), S ZAR, ARBIA] BollA] leH.2, sno, rmnot going. tm trad, 80 plan on resting at home,qos Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using (2)2242, tT 230 AAG As BP NO] Bt OSeIL 7} 2S WAY VS Yora, 8 Ait) WHS Wot} 2S ALM LS ; cach A Walaa, AA et EMA? 8 OFS Sea] Bola ait olay (ech AMPS} gy Bobi UeeH, Z]Eb Mey? B 7S ecu coh) A WAPE COU opolAael egal? a Ale M7 ob (Cy x)Background Information and Explanations @ AV-(2)L-/EMI @ @ v2) @Feo] AES PS7A2? W's cold, so shall | close the window? B)7} 2H] $41] gle 2, ts raining, and | don't have an umbrella Al SVS BRE] SHS oF sea. My lite sistor is a etudent, and she studies really hard Bo] SEAN ola] 27-2? You've bought a lot already, so shall we go? Grammar Focus -(2)L /EH| is used when the first clause expresses the reason or background situation for the second clause and also when the first clause provides content introducing the second clause. It corresponds to ‘so/therefore’ and ‘and’ in English. When added to adjectives, —L [| is added to stems ending in a vowel, and Et] is added to stems ending in a consonant. When added to verbs, £1] is added to the stem,Sel eat) ee Reg No Final aan Final Consonant sonant eau Nite} csc Meee asad ~8t/ = ee ee SHER) HEC] = IEE) atayolzte=nl ‘Base Form (2) feu J Base Form IC} ateei| | Qt} ct sea ieee Belatct Bajsicl ach EAI “eict Holzel ect “BEd argc arta “att AEC offic omer were 2orcol eaoeict awoIsicl SEA} Beg i. Irregular form 7 7 T- (Compare with Unit 4. Listing and Contrast 04 AW(2) =r @) A 23 M7} BA} 8l0|09.2 2 of12, oF Bpalela] Sal See Aaa. A Bal 24e] o]L Alo] MAora? B Bhat So] Yh} ayo] Waa] 77) eb 7} aa, A 9] SS Ai] Sheu] hse] et So}.k, B 2? a\+ Aete] FSR, (B {A Is Yoko employed at a company? 8 No, she's stil a student, but she is going to graduate this year. ‘A Where's a good restaurant near the school? '8 The restaurant Manna right next to school is pretty ‘900d, s0 | suggest you go there. ‘A [bought thess clothes yesterday, but I'm not pleased with them. 8 Why? They look fine on you (Jisu). 14, Background Information and ExplanationsFon Youn On Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using (2). /A=c}. = mech geh ach alstoleh 8 0] Ae] e].0? Oe AG oloh Yois., aay Ayo WL? 2 Hl, $942. [L~ i cy ee ais ea, & tee 8 Yl, Bee a] Faleia, ® ewe oe AFA aa Saigon? say ul cea? 234Grammar Focus Ao] SLU segs WANE UR, (ee M151 | arrived home to (discover) he smell oF something tasty. olalal Soja 41380] QgHo1 8, ‘When | woke up in the morning, the gift had already errived. Ao] U7} Agel. When | arived home, it was midnight. —(2)L|7} expresses the discovery of the fact described in the second clause as the result of Performing the action described in the first clause. It corresponds to ‘when! o (do something) only to Giscover’. If the verb stem ends ina vowel, —L7/} is used, and if it ends in a consonant, —SL|7h is used, This form of -(2)L{7/} denoting discovery attaches only to verbs. Pe enincne eerie cnet iC) + LEM ILI Base Form 2c} wich wloiL ict Baisict “chee * (regular form -L7k QU} aie ‘OHLtLh IC} + -SL 7 — BOLT Base Form Sut : “ach - m Hout act yeu act | RSL “Sch Sou} “act Bout +14. Background information and Explanations 225When ~(2)LI77} expresses the result of an action (discovery), —2t and —2il cannot precede it. + ofa} S|2}o] ZEOU PF OPE BOLUM, (<) of} S]afoi sherk HPL gIBOLS. (0) | arrived at the office only to discover that nabody was there, + ABO} Aol] WOU M of} 4]7} ABO. (%) — ABT Aol 247 o[m}47} Aol. (0) When | arrived home in the evening, my mother was there. (Compare with Unit 9. Reasons and Causes 02 ANV-(2)Li7} ) In Conversation A Alle ASE] ASH HO]? ‘A Did you call Jason on the phone? B Ul, Lee] Ae}s}]7} ek Utoha, B Yes, but only to find he did not answer. A 2 BA} Anfai].a? a How much was that hat? BY Bola, ofa] wstgol 7h 7 B 10,000 won. When | went te the department store AIS: SEL MLA, yesterday, they were having a sale. oes Connect each phrase on the left to the most appropriate phrase on the right, and write sentences using the phrases as shown in the example. ee + @ UF Heel AuIgIe1a, (a) ASHLEE et : © BAS} Ase Wao o, WO} aboh ch + © Why} AAS Bowela, 3) Sabo} 7h 2 * OWeT Baa, (4) S99] PS Alo] ep e + © Ageia, co) ALR Alot MOOT Sto IE HLOWOIg, 236Purpose and Intention @ v42)41 71sec} @viQjaqz © VA2)44z stct ® N&/S HaH(Ad), V-71 HaH(Ad) @ v-7|e attLE AB SHE ABA 7B, We're going to Dongdaemun Market to buy clothes, as WSS ae] shel] S12, | came to Korea to see my Korean fans. 2H] ES BOA 712, {I'm going to the bank to withdraw some money. Grammar Focus | —(2)2 7}C}/2Ct expresses going or coming to a place to perform an action, with the action stated first and the place second. It corresponds to ‘(in order) to’ in English. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, then —24 7}CE/2Ct is used, and when it ends in a consonant, (2)2 7}C}/2C is used. eee cues Renter ithe Ach +24 7kCh— Ae 7ICt BIC} + -224 TIF Boal ict BeseForm 21 748/942 | Base Form -22{ 712/9}8 sch sej7ia/sie | wc woe 7e/se HSC weal 12/2 | ach Roa 12/919 Brac “Beale 7/e “sc Soa 712/912 ect 21 7ig/912 ich 7IDA4 72/912 atc wel 7ia/a1e | “Sq | egal igy2 ® regular form 238Only movement verbs such as 7ICf (to go), SAC (to come), and CHIC (to attend/commute) are used after -(2)24, + £2 APA Al] 7H. (0) () go to the market to buy clothes. + KSA ES DOER. (x) — SE ARATLES Sto}2. (0) (0 witharew money to buy clothes. Furthermore, the following verbs that express movement cannot be used before —(©)24: 7}Cf (to go), QL} (to come), BZ}7IC} (to go up), LHZA7ECK (to go down), HO{7HCt (to enter), LEC (to leave), OF8YSICt (to travel, and O|ALSICt (to move/change residences). + 7H EE Oe), 22 AEE (>), BETA EF (), UTE ECE Ox) In Conversation A OA} 8801.29 A Did you move (change residences)? BY), AFH Mola, 8 Yes, I moved last week. Bufoj] De] Ao] tse] Oa}, Please come to visit over the weekend, A 2 uHULe? ‘A Are you busy these days? B Yl, 2 HHL, 8 Yes, I'm abit busy. Bt ZS we] So} cHy.2, 'm attending an academy to lear Korean dance, qo Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using ~(S)a4 7}c}/2c}. ABA) 24s 7t? 3 ANS seuch, (etLeCh) 4 elo] 78? 8 Usha, dad alpata oko] gol a, (HOS Bich) 4 SAlo] USHeal ofelol] 7heL? Bee Sea] 7h. (atch) ‘ 15. Purposeand intention 2@ AS gaz ys 4) 4 Sse ale, zi | exercise three hours a day to lry to lose weight. opel FAT AES A018, | bought a present to gjve to my wife. BS Ay) PORT Asls Sabo} ope} a, | drank five cups of coffee so that | wouldn't go to sieep. Grammar Focus —(2)2471 expresses the intention or plan of the speaker. Specifically, it indicates the speaker will do \what is stated in the second clause to accomplish what is stated in the first clause. It corresponds to ‘(in order) to" or ‘so that’ in English. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or @, then —247 is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —O 7471 is used. Stern Ending in Vowel or = SC} +4 — Bei SUSAR tis +-omm — youn Base Form a ease 7K re. ich we) aD) olorzisict Bsaein t alc} ect sein ee seep wen “IC * Imegular form 7 iGIn Conversation © A Bor A, LS Selo chy] a? BY, AAS WP aa Heo] cat RAs, A Op REET] Si TE AS o] a? BGA BAS Sle Aahoia, A 7A HEH] Bo] eh & 12, 8 Fel UES 24-8 wre, ce ou By © Used with movement verbs, such as 7h, St, CUCh B2b Ich and Lich. + SPE DILIE] ZiTIEOIA| AB 7ICIaI. (x) + EPR etal Pimigo4 712. (0) (9.0010 the coffee nop te meet my Herel @ Present, past, and future tense verbs can all follow (224, + Rte eittel AImieol 712, (0) {).g016 the cofloo sop to meet my Hon + 7B L424 HulEal Zlolw, (0) () went tothe coffee shop to meet my frend. RFE LL ANIgOL Z 7101, (o) {) wil got the cote shop to maet my tene, © ~(2) Alc} and 42)MIe can be used in combination with this expression, + We Sea Algol ZAC (0) Lefego to the estaurent to have a meal + tS e224 Aletoll ahs. (0) Please go tothe restaurant to have a mel. ‘4 Joonga, do you attend an academy these days? B Yes, | go to an academy to learn how ta use computers. ‘4 Wo just met a little while ago, eo why are you calling again? B | called s0 that | could hear your voice. ‘A Even though I've lain down in bed, | can't go to sleep. 8 In thal case, try drinking a glass of warm milk © Can be used with all verbs. + IPE UIT Fin}B0I 712. (0) (goto the coffee shop to moet ny frond, + SPE et jai FimHgOLY SRE ICAI, (0) (am waiting t0 meet my fhend inthe cotiae shop. @ Present and past tense verbs can follow {2) 242, but the meaning becomes awkward when used with a verb in the future tense + BES LAI F1n|gO4 712, (c) (9910 tho coffee shop to mae! my iene + SFB ueiz zimlgol ziel2, (0) (went tothe coffe shep to meet my Hen. + BES iain 2imleol 2 74012. (x) © ~2)uAlc and ~(2)M sound awkward ‘when used with this expression, + WE BozT Afgtol ZAICL (x) + WS 1ORIT AIEIOY 7H, (x) 418, Purpose and IntentionWhy are the following people studying Korean? Write the answers in the blanks as shown in the example. a7) BR camo WwOAT PLS, ws] a, fa 2 clays} alae ay ae t D> — (4) bt su #f6Ic 004 et) a Uae we. Q) wars yA, °) WHS HAR. 4) __ Baee a2. 6) aes mL, 1 SAB H7t FS Sa 51 Ba, i | plan to travel during the summer vacation. Azse lS FY Flew aa. | intend to hava two chiren once I'm married. We} Set AS WFD Pole, AG] BS HAA Z MABMOLM, | had planned on learning how to drive during the vacation, But | injured my arm and wasn't able to. Grammar Focus ~ (2) SIC} expresses the subject's intention or plan that has yet to be acted upon. it means ‘plan to! or ‘intend to’ in English. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, 242 SICh is used, and when the stem ends in a consonant, —2.2471 SHC} is used. Moreover, while —(2)2431 ECH is the past tense form of -(2)@431 SICf, it is used when the intended action or plan did not materialize as expected. Scunsae len un ecko! SUS eRe one JHC} + B42 SICH — 74D SICt FC} + Qa sit} — Horta sich BaseForm = 2 HD sch sain ale AtcE At. aHe. Bruct Bip He | alalsict aislaialn aia. ct sans “Sct Egatn 2 * irregular form 15. Purpose and IntentionIn Conversation A BUAS om Fe 7a? ‘A What will you do once you get your bonus? BAW AHS A}e]ar aye, ® | plan to buy a new car. A UWS Ss SAS & 7a? '& What do you plan to do after you graduate? B Hep] SS Tf oe Tt aya, 8 intend to continue my studies at gracuate schoo) A Als SlAho} Hapspe|at aA, ‘A [plan on getting a job at a company. Carol plans *o travel during her vacation. Look at the contents of Carols suitcase and write what you think she intends to do during her trip as shown in the example. | SRoiTAT we, PO VETS A 5] eee 2) 8/337] choi] MspopS 3) 5}°87] ered Bohs ) SH] VE Apel] ABS ©) Bt BS @ S714] ABS _ MIA SES 244WSS AAA HY ELS sat Meu, | take vitamins daily for my health. Hele UEHE $a} eke Ach, Soldiers are people who work for their country. APT S| Fal U8) EStt Azo gue. | practice hard to become a great skater Grammar Focus This pattern is used when performing an action for the sake of something or to accomplish something. Specifically, it indicates the speaker will do what is stated in the second clause for the sake of what is stated in the first clause. In the case of a noun being the reason for the action, $/B ?{84A1 is used, ?{8HA1 is the shortened form of ?/S}0{A1. Further, AY can also be omitted, leaving P16H. It corresponds to “for the sake of’ or ‘(in order) to’ in English. When used with a verb, —7| P18HAq is added to the verb stem. [tk alae Meeleuei Rane) Aree ele takcom cael Lret+ & st E+ B SHA | ICE + 71 SHA > UES Flat ABS Asi — 747] HahAd Base Form | v-7! SI8HM Sc} 7] Hatt BUCH BLY] HaHAd 18. Purpose and IntentionAPS SM ect 291 SI le 1S Sha [ “amish | St7| Sah BS OHA i BT Sta dees ec | a4 ES SIH [ Sct 87) 910d =] 218HM cannot be added directly to adjectives. However, if -O}/01IC} has been added to an adjective, making it a verb, then it can be used with —7| ?/aHA1. + Ags7] HAA LSS WE, (x) — Asehzi7] Hela BSS Beh. (0) ()) exercise to be healthy. In Conversation a aveteeue} dep yal oleleauet, = 28 I's nice to meet you. I'm new recruit Lee Minu. BRETSUCH SALE 9314] SAS] Dall w Pleased to meet you. | trust you'll work hard Myl2. 7S SIAL FSS BAI. AREAS S814) ial 7ST glo, ohh 42S Saehuch, BAe o] 21S AV] gala) $2] ¥H7} 413) ES welola, o> o> Cannot be used with —Of/010f 842, (2) A| hOB, or 12)e 712? + CiRIaDOl QIstoIaID Bale] BHHoLe. (0) () studied hare to enter the university. caStwol eIetelAD Bale] BRHF eh, (x) + etmoj gletateim Gals] BRBMAIEL, (x) + HSimOl QIAtteD Sale] BSA, (x) 246 for the company. ‘A What do you do for your family? B | pray for my family every day. ‘A Congratulations on buying an apartment, 8 Thank you. We both workod hard! to save money to buy this home. Can be used with —O}/O40F 842, (2)e4AICh, 2x2, and (22742? + CH8tmol elaraiz| SIsHAl Sal] BSeBOIs (0) () studies hard to enter the university + ChBtiPO| GIet6I7| SIONAL Balai BRHF AHS, (o) () nave to study hars to enter the university + CHSLzol ele-s}2] PsHAl Sale] SFBAICt, (0) Let's study hard to enter the university + CHEMO} PietsI7] SsHAi Sls] BHSIIa. (0) Ploage study hard to enter the university.Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using either 2/S Ast) or 71 Hah). 2 ae gal eh alas A MHS opel] BAS BL? Bul, AS mpel opalo] B72 AHA, A Sh, TYMOYA, He eolo].22 8 250) gal geojeay ZF 18, Ag ae Hg]a? eases mae, AH Fel] Bo]? 8 Bhay Slap Bites oe el a. HIN, 15, Purposeand Intention 247ek 2 YL SPE] DE 71S Bola. ji made the decision to stop smoking for my health starting this year Fao] Ash Ye] SAPS Hola, | decided to go hiking with my friend over the weekend, Sele 3 Fo] ASS Pct. We've dacided to get martied three years from now. Grammar Focus B 712 SIC} expresses the making of a promise with another person and is mace by adding ~7| HCH to the verb stom A Aok-a, 2888, $2) Uo] AR, Jeonga, | love you. Let's get married next year. 8 Soh. Ullo BEAAA, Otay, Lets got manic nowt year — Ao} AO} Re Ae Aloha glola, 92k Udo] AEsz1e gela, \Joonga and | love each other. We decided to get married next year. nv —7|@ SICH can also express the making of a promise with oneself. That is, it can express @ decision or resolution to do something, Itis made by adding —7| $C} to the verb stem. “Ue Sate] ea S5e71e Mola. I resolved to exercise every day starting this yearJIC} + -7 | MICE — 77 |= NOS AC} + -7| MICH — IIe gei2 | Base Form = -71B 0/2 Base Form iz HO1e auch | Hie Oe act aie woe Beater BMspIe tole ch RIE woie | wel elzgoi2 = B7ie woie | ach Avie Hole s Bie Mois In Conversation > ANSE ¥), 2S 9 0] 37] 7)HL0] OER? a Jaojun, why are you in such a good mood today? oO} Seto] A AS} vo] Eo}7]S a Caroland | have decided to a0 on a date this weekend, stole. AUS Set SW AP] 7 HEHS 717ISER.? who wi bring the camera tomorrow when we go riking? B BU A7} WALTZ ola, 8 Buc decided 0 bring one. A AHalol] GE AlZo] Qlo}.2? ‘A What plans do you have for the new year? B ANH 27] Aol] SF 17|S 247] wb tvedevided to write in my journal every day Hole, before going te sleep. <> — While ~7|2 8}C} is mainly used in its past tense forms of ~7|z2 $01S2/3KEUICh it is sometimes used in its present tense form of -7| 32. In such cases, it refers to the speaker and listener making a promise | to do something. Aula 8 Bima? What shall we do tomorrow? 8 SASi712 O12. (= BAlsi712 BALCH) Let's decide to) oo hiking a 15, Purposo ard Intention 249What have the following people resolved to do in the new year? Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using —7 |= sich. a Syst Bot GCE AEF He gp (1) OS = AlaHel] AAS Qe WE ee @ 78 4S aes . 4) 83 We As] ‘ © BFA He Ae AS » R 3Conditions and Suppositions @A-~2)2 ev-(2)a4 @ AV-O/01EBes ol shal Lol osha, Ifyou spend too much time on the computer, you'll hurt your eyes. . US Bel FOR Se Ae | dance when I'm in a good mood. ES Gol Ba AS 4 72. If make a lot of money, 'm going to buy a house. Grammar Focus " —(2)H is used when stating a condition about some fact, daily occurrence, or some repetitive action mentioned later in the sentence, or when supposing an uncertain situation or a situation that has not yet been realized. It means ‘if, ‘when’, or ‘once! in English. When expressing a supposition, adverbs such as SA] and BFQ can also be used. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, —B4 is used, and when it ends in a consonant, —2 is used. JIC + Bi — 7H Fc} +-OA — Bop | BaseForm =| == | BasoForm =| = Bt act wwe et L yroet SILC StL ict gion eistch zeistel | “sch A | tae ae | ‘etc cieet tech oe! —- ueet * |regular form 252Information about something that happened in the past cannot come before (2) in a sentence. Furthermore, when an action only occurs once, (2) = IH is used. +17] BBS Mel SION. (x) — O17] SES Buf S912, (0) Yesterday, when | watched a movie, | cried. + S49] Do] BO AH} Rl. (x) » 5790] Doll Gea Hy AZ} oi w. (0) Yesterday, when my younger brother/sister was not home, my friend came. In Conversation yo] US a aL? 8 WA} Som Sle ae, Bale vy eo] 2a ola dalla’ 22, A he Hol] Tao] BoV}R, aA? AMAA, TFS Go}7}el aesplg, A AwApe ojvjoa) 4 Aaa? B SA} ZA] olsfecojpay Aber Ba. <> ‘A What do you normelly do on the weekend? 8 If the weather's nice, | go hiking. But ift rains or snows, then | watch TV at home, 4 I'm going back to my hometown next week. 8 Really? That's too bad Please stay in touch when you're back home. A Where will you live once you get married? 8 We plan to live in an apartment near the company. SToaree ‘When the subjects of the first and second clauses are different, the particle following the subject of the first clause changes from 2/= to Ol/7}. + SMS Ol 7|6IM ZO LOV@. (x) + Sato} o|o#716¢% !7#SO1 2012. (0) When my brother tlls@ sory, his frends laugh + ELRG WE SIA}OH C281 AIS AIO] BEAR. 09) E/RQ! M7} SIA}OH Ct O81 AFAIO] ZBAHS. (0) wh en Truen does not goto work. ( 16, Conditions and Suppositions‘Connect the pictures that go together, and then select the words from below to fill in the blanks using ~(2)¢". 2 a ee eee 3 a b)/2292 He] 0] 2, oAe S4)of AR + le} 2. @ Fl a] __ Ballas he. ) SHE 41 HR) HB.STS TAA ALS TeHof a, If you want to play basketball well, you have to be able to jump high. SH) 7A 284 4841S eps, Htyou're trying to get to Dongdaemun, then please take subway line 4. o] AYYS was Waele] Gaz 7yHA, Ifyou want to meet with teacher Lee, then come to school on Monday. Grammar Focus —(2)EM is the shortened form of —(2)ZT SHB. It is used with verbs to express a plan or intention to do something in the first clause, with the condition required to fulfill that plan or intention given in the second clause. For this reason, it is common for the following grammatical forms to be used in the second clause: -Of/O1OF SH#2/SH2, -(S)H SH2, (S)MIZ, 01/7} BVsh2, and —E 2] BO}. This expression means ‘if you want to’ or ‘if your intention is to’ in English. When the verb stem ends in a vowel or 2, —24H4 is used, and when it ends in @ consonant, —O.24 94 is used. Sei eanee keme Sect dakccucenens Jib + BA 7h SC} + -OHM — Boalet Base Form _ 2g Base Form — 9218 BILE 2-H ect woziol aBsIct aaystee! act Boze “ach weiel ‘ect wore “sic usaiet “sc sae * Irregular form 16, Conditions and Suppositionsin Conversation | A Uayhs Beja Aj, ‘A Iwantto be able to speak Korean well. B PRLS TPP A] ASM a tryou wantto speak Korean well, ook 3.2, ‘then only speak Korean every day. AWS A BAL, A loften lose my pen. B Yoyse|4| koe wo] SS B If you don’t want to lose your pen, Peal, then wit your name on i A AMER E. ©] SIANAL SStSL SUCH, a Mr President, | want to work at your company. B Pe] S14 Uses Sieh 8 If you intend to work at our company, you have to 2babo) AEEL aballof Bch. be able to speak Korean and use computers well gas Look at the pictures and connect them with the appropriate sentences. 256a7) wale ae} E Sola, ‘Grandma can’t hear you even if you speak loudly. ©] 20] nhgo] Boje, wpe Afar AJo}a, | ike these clothes. | want to buy them even if they are expensive. TAS Sle o]sfe}2] Kaa. Even i | isten to the news, | can't understand it. Grammar Focus —O}/015 indicates that the situation in the second clause occurs regardless of the action or state described in the first clause. It means ‘even if or ‘regardless whether’ in English. When the verb stem ends in | or +, Of is used, and when the verb stem ends in any other vowel, O15 is used. For verbs that end in S{Ct, the form changes to ofS. SUEUR kets eu rel aes Meese nse BU Leola IC} + Ob — 7} Ac} + -O= — Hoje TBs} — neat Base Form 01/01 | Base Form iE | sac} | FACE AS | act | a | oie ‘ial i eich | SOs | ‘eq | Po Bact Seis | “act OHS vee cts act ss * Imegular form 16. Conditions and Suppestions 257In Conversation A 34/72) BH] Zo} ae, ay) ‘A We have to be in Myaongdong by 3:00. ehh, Let's take a tax B AZ 24) ORS) 2, Bale eh B It’s 2:50 right now. We won't make it by 3:00 even if BA) EER, we take a taxi A BS BHAA] OFS K Pola. 4 'm sa busy thase daye | don't have time to eat breaktast. B BPEL of) 41a HF apok aa, You have to eat breakfast even if you're busy. OF” AHS Ct BEG Zo] er Sopa, — suntweatny not to wat breaktat, <> "The meaning of ~0}/04 can be emphasized by using OHF2] in front of the verb, giving the expression the | ‘meaning of ‘no matter how (much): + Ue Si OIE 5 BOIS. — LHe obel uit OBIE = eiois. Even i'm busy | eat breakfast. — No matter how busy Iam, | alvays eat breakfast, + RO] MINE 4) Hoke, — = Ro] OFFA) UNE = 4 HOS, buy these elotnes avon I thay'e expensive. — No matter how expensive those eiothes ar, | wil buy them, Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using —0f/04%. WEE sop cseim on dupa tener ce eae A B7] Uy gt a2 Bonf a, oS qe ushe, > FAO] AE SES Aaa? yy, Fee] 4 Zee Aq2. w apalst a eleiain oe, BAB APLEaS Dale, wo >Conjecture @An-x ni @ANV-(2)2 AA @ @MNHL)a72? ® @MH2S)-/EKS)= A BetS}, SERB. ‘Wow, that looks delicious. A BAGS BAL, Ar] goa! Look at that poster. It looks interestingt A\ Paola, That looks refreshing, 2101 is an expression of supposition about a certain situation or state corresponding to ‘looks like’, ‘sounds’, or ‘appears’ in English. It is formed by adding —2{!0{ to the stems of verbs anc | Grammar Focus * adjectives. In the case of past tense supposition, —2t/94— is added in front of —2{l0]2 to form —Qt, BAA | 20} + Hole — Sro12 ict + Mole — size | | Base Form c Bog | ct ade | Sic oct oneaboie | ‘atch woe ZHOISAC MHOIQAOLA zc BAS AlBBIC Alwsiatoie aisict wstwoie waict msHtOe (Compare with Unit 13. Intentions and Plans 01 A/V-21012 ©) 260In Conversation | A Ope S0]) AFR S Of8Y Zt 7Ye]A_ 4 'mplanning to take a trip to doju island this week. B St, SAR, AIH 7h51 Aoj2, 8 Wow, that sounds nice. | want to go, too. A RS Elst We Jos HAs, ‘A These days, | study English every day after getting of work. B no] 2? YSA4a, 8 Every day? That sounds tough. A lA] 2 Alt HS BHO] ‘A This isthe book I've been using to study aoloi2, Korean lately. BAAR, ® It looks lfficult Choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using ~2#0/s2. “7g Sc} UAC} wp EC} Bach | eee wach (2) A oA] Jo] Bors] ASK aro} a. B aye? 2) A Ake Ssfoj4] Std agrela, ai) we Set SN @) A 14] Ao] YS] 244] SAS Wo] ekeglol a, B oa] Bol (4) a Of AMON V5-S Mola, > () A Zhe Blo] 1 Ser AS Bays wR] 2. a2? 24 o > © A SSF SIUG FSA,Grammar Focus ARE You Fs Aqsa, ‘You'll be hot if you wear that. ay Mola Be} E47} 4 og lala, | think Hayeong will look goad in a violet T-shirt TAU @ ARs BA) SHS Aaa, think Dane has already left work because i's 7:00. (2) = ACIS expresses the speaker's supposition based on a personal experience or something ‘seen or heard that provides a basis for the belief. It corresponds to ‘think’ or ‘will’ in English. When the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel or 2, —2 740/[{2 is used, and when the stem ends in a consonant, —@ 740/| is used. In the case of past tense supposition, —t/A is added in front of (2) = 71012 to form -B/ BS Fje2. Sena asl Rios Resid | AE += AOS — Bt 71012 FC} + -S Ade — 4S 7e12 BaseForm | BpSEC} == xml | BaseFom =| AI 2h AOL ect ae roe Zri01g ict Se Hoe ue oI FRI Jew Pos. see7o2 BCH) ZION.When used to indicate supposition, —% 740i|2 cannot be used in questions. For questions (2) 27127 is used AUS] LS YOM RSA? C] 2 YOM ARS 7aa? (x)) Do you think these clothes will look good cn me? BY), wishes Aq}a. Yes, | think you'll look nice in them, (Compare with Unit 1. Tenses 04 V-{2}2 7402 @) In Conversation 2 A OFA] Sal }4] BAZ} Yo? ‘A Is there a bus that goas from hare to school? B Ul, LBAIU ARE eh SHA] A1SHs0] bk Yes, there is, butt doesn’t come very often, a8} ale, 0 the subway may be more convenient. A Aol7] Set CDS 44 's Do you think Dane would like itf | cave him Sowa? a music CD? B uel Sos Som yuyUy 8 He listens to music every day on the way to school, ols} Fala. 0 | think he'd like it A B51 N7} BERR? ‘fs Yoko martiod? B Ao] WAS 192474 B She has a ring on her left hand, so think sha's married aes 712, 17. Conjecture 263Choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using (2) = 740.2. Pr 7G 2g] cho BS Sc} ume} pe} ete} aI} G) A BY 7] Se Spell] Sh.2.? BS aie oh yet we @) AMHAS AT sola, B47 2p} FS SRSA? B Ale Bb 1147, 3) A HI Fo 7}2452 shee] O}e|7} Sola? B WH A) TRF] u]spo}47} zt . FH Alef] So} Bae, (4) 4 E}F-A 47} 9H Blejol] et SoA? a 6) A VA) HE AI} AUSES ot Bishi a, & ofa] Yo] Wop (6) 4 HU] a7} oF) Be] Als Su Qlo]a, 8 oj] do] Wop se] @ 4 AA7|7A| Alzte] Bo] Aaa? 2 Als }2 Azle] yy Az] & @ Aud Sto FS £e Wy A712? BwSe onedo) D7} S78? : Do you think the weather will be hot this weekend? M2 AT} Qs USML? Will Carol show up today? dA} o] AS ARSAL? Do you think Dan has read this book? Grammar Focus —(2)= VL? expresses in question form the supposition of an action or state that has yet to happen. It corresponds to ‘I wonder if... or ‘Do you think...?’ in English. In response, (2)2 7402 and ~(2)t /= 2 ZO} are often used. When the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel or 2, —#277{2? is used, and when the stem ends in a consonant, S772? is used. in the case of a past tense supposition, —2t/Si— is added in front of (2) = 72? to form —U/WBINL?. Stem Enc in Vowel Stem Ending in Consonant JIC} + eR? — BQ? | SIC} + BR? — Hentz? | -27122 Base Form ~H712? OIL? | “Sch e712? [ames ack | et? in [agene, | at || Sa7iR? * Imegular form (Compare with Unit 12. Asking Opinions and Making Suggestions 01 V-(2)=712? @, 02 V-{2)= 17, ConjectureIn Conversation A 2% Bo] ujynt2? ‘A Do you think flowers are expensive these days? B S4] U7 ule Aaa, ® Its graduation time, so | think they/re probably expensive. A opal +7} SAS S-2? ‘A Who do you think will ot promoted this time? Ba 47} VS sep} o]Rio} 8 Dane is hard worker, 30 thnk hel be promoted SAG Ade, this time. A Ae AG Zo] Bpal7.2? A Do you think there will be much trafic i we go now? B OL, >} AlZtME Ao] St EFSQ_——g No. There's not much traffic this time of day. ron own Choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using {2)27127. ee ee on () a Wee) 47} i B Ul, bzI7 22h Wee] Ak Ee] BS Aga, @) a Ae ee 2 8 ale St Ao] Ae HAS Ee Re Ala, @) A YBEIOF 7} zal 2 2 12 ao] SU oU7 AS EAMES Zlel.e., @ 4 Bape] fe BBS Ago}epa] Bp 7jo].a, ©) 4 Ago] BAS 2 9 2S Bol24l Aaa, 266Grammar Focus a ol uh & a Zoke, = {tt looks like it rained yesterday, A}F Nr} 2 2 Zope, (it) looks like it's raining right now, HI7}-& A ope, {9 looks like it's going to rain. This expression is used when supposing that something happened in the past or when supposing the occurrence of an action of situation that has yet to occur. It corresponds to “looks/sounds like” or ‘appears that’ in English. For present tense adjectives and past tense verbs, (©2)L is added to the stem, for present tense verbs, —= is added, and for future tense verbs, (©) is added. AWA, 23 7]Ho] HE A Poa. HE HE A Yoj.a? Dane, you look lke you're In @ good mood today. Did something good happen? BU), O14 OHE He Batol. Yes, yesterday, my wife had our daughter. It is also used to express the speaker's opinion or thought about something indirectly in a polite, nonassertive, and gentle manner. A 2A] eo] ©}? How does the food taste? B EWA ALR, Itseems atic salty. 17. Conjectureea CI Ey Cel col cee CURA lie icc Note accuse Adjectives ae Hb — RMSE 2 ZICh RlBBt 24 ZICh Ree eter sat aie eee aan eer ROCs ecu ou ne Ross | Consonant | Consonant ne A wet| 2 AI) Lah -2 watt —s 24 ach | ie 24 zich alge ane 24 wo wer act zatach ee alec OE ie jo BH Be |e ze zer ee | Present Tense — "Future Tense s | one ECE 28 EC | — aene | ye 2 ect | | aizich —Bigiat 24 ich | | aioe; ‘ayo! 2 zich yates al ch ee aeadth $82 zct yet | tate Weaet =| BAe a ee oT ee Ves = Bat} «= Beer | awa Aer deel A ect a ee eS 2 zich ‘ec; gene ss aac * (megutar form (3: The past tense forms of adjectives ave introduced at the advanced level In Conversation A UFO] we] 7 a Popa, A It seems lke the wees just fying by. 8 Pe Taya, By Faelojoa. © You're ao right. t's akeacy Friday. A 1 Ale Helo] ABM A Zona, |s That resiaurant owner seems nice. BU], a4 ee Bo] 4m Ae Yeah, she always gives us lots of rice, and the Zon. service is good, 100. Ay S49, A Please have some more to eat B ASSL, v7} BAA GES 7] 2 rmsorme tm qute ll and con't think ribs able gore, tocat any more.<> — * (2). 21 Wo} is a more direct expression and thus is used when the speaker has a clear and definite basis for the supposition. ()= 2 ZIcf, on the other hand, is more indirect and therefore is used when making ¢ vague supposition. + 25 BAI CIS 21 ZOE It looks Ike the weether today is warm. {Suppostion made efter ether seeing otvers experience the hot weether or eter experiencing the heat direct) + 25 eM} C1 2 GOL | guoes the woathor today will bo warn. (Vagus suppesiton mace cn the basis that yesterdey was ht, so therefore toca wil key be hot as well) Intuitive, instantaneous supposition made with no reason or basis. A 0] Ales] SAfol StHET1a? (Do you think this restaurant has (good food? 8 sigiatols. (0 AAI} SIERO. BR] CAR | mada it Plasse give it try. 8 (8I210| MOE SNE SS 22) o1, Be Neale, [At the sere moment B sees the focd) Wout really coks tasty, Snpposition based on information known only by the speaker Ao] Aga] S410) sIemIa? De you tink his estauran has 300¢ food? 80) Ale Au] SEU 2Nol 218 Dios, Timagin is good because thore are a lt of customers ‘Supposition based on Intuitive, subjective reasons that can be used in all cases, regardless of whether there is a reason or basis. Ao) Aigte| Salo] NETL? Do you think this restaurant has 00d food? 8 CS SEALRIe! xf PION SHS 24 Zoe, (Crnnot sure, but in my It looks good. 8 ANBO| RE 21 StL US 2 Boe, Soving how there ee en customers, It seems to be v0 ‘Used to state something indirectly in a non-assertive manner. Acie 3 x/ au alloy 4 qo12? Can you come to my birthday party next week? 8 7D QAP Che FO S80) Sola at zi ole, Rseke. ‘want to 99, but | don tink cean make t beoause | have 8 business rip next week. mm somLook at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill In each blank using (2). /=/(2) = ABE. =n Bice Reich ee} 1) A Al ARES of ahallei7e.? B 2) a TO} BAS Bora? B 8) a Se Bar ope a gopa7 8 ®) 4 Boe SH0) ZU Fo] pele U2? 8Changes in Parts of Speech @ #88 -(2)-/-E/(2)EBN @AV-7I @A-aIl @ A-Ol/otstctThiel stale, 2 7AE AL ole, By ‘That purse is pretty. | want to buy that purse. wy =" ah 73S AS AO}, Toe a ansio] A}g0] 242, 2 Apo] 3529.82 ‘There's someone sleeping on the sofa, Who is that person? — 2u}o]A] He AR PO] 8? Who is that person (whe is) sleaping on the sofa? 23 AA My S42 BS Aa. 249] Hel2? ‘We'll have a Korean dish for dinner today. What's the dish? — 23 AY] BS ats S40] He]a? ‘What's the Korean dish that) we'll have for dinner today? This pattern is added to verbs and adjectives to allow them to function as noun modifiers. The English ‘equivalent is ‘that’ or ‘who’. For present tense adjectives and past tense verbs, (2)t. is added to ‘the stem, for present tense verbs, = is added, and for future tense verbs, —(2)@ is added, The negative forms are made by adding —X| 24 to the stem for adjectives, and —X| QL to the stem {for verbs. acd bens) ee cai eat Clays (sae Keous uma Keune aU CRS deed Reda aeetac: ema Sats ate cr Consonant | Gonsonant | Gonsonant Consonant “LN -2N -eN oe z | as ‘euler = | Fe| Base Form Past | Present Future - a nr cst ha = wack = i we wt | aaatce 7 en ameae | 7 ac dq | We Per | ic} or aratct Beste “stg ote 2a] ne) © Imegular form In Conversation A OW BEES Sops].2? ‘A What kind of movies do you like? B Ang BSS Folsa, 8 Like funny movies. A ALF ADS AHAIE ARF O] Pel?» who is the person (who is) drinking cotfee? B all Alpo].2, 8 My friend. A OFA] Zt Also] of yloi 2? ‘A How was the restaurant (that) you went to yesterday? B Ale AH|A Hol] 7] Bo] FAtOLA. o twas nice because of the good service, A Sol] HK YEA? ‘A Why can't you meet up during the weekend? Be do] YF Bop] RA, 8 I have so many things (that! have) to do that l can't ‘moet up, <> a When two or more adjectives are used in succession, only the final adjective is conjugated to a noun modifier form. + SSH, 21 Ol. Le! OFT1 BO! (Someone who is) sincere. And pretty ke that kind of gi. = Ae cle ons Hose. (x) AISED OB CIX}S BOSS, (0) 1 ke a git whe is sincere and prety. 48. Changes in Parts of Speech 273‘L Look at the pletures and fil in the blanks using (2) /-=/-(2}=, a od S448 871 dole? 8 (eich, zich AUIS Sst S09 Te Sse B Ag? oe (ert shale) 2 Read the following sassage and fill in the blanks using (2). /-E/42)=. OVA BAZ} OF (a) SHola, ALS ata SoH, whfols, 7} 3} A) BH} 0] ApgoH Hola, wi AAAS woe, AAR ol OAR ola, APE Hus vslola, Yw7]e ew all ejola. WS ww AE FASS Yolo, 1 HE AA aaelglgola, gas uw aon za}fe] ZOLQ, AO} ale AIS obstol a, a]ml7} ob ErIsola. z519} olop7|S Wo] 2 Vo} Bojan, yPe ays} WEY A770] oz Aaa, a os GE) FS BAO} B, S S51 ols] AE woLa, a 7} Say Al=49} Zo] Afro] Zko|a. AS OF (1) AAAS 3 gela, AHS wat @) YSU71S NGlola, BS vlan APO} ae @ ss BSHS HOA, ABHS He 4 Ay} sel] ZrO], AQ} A= =a) AMS ujso|a, 219} o]ok7|S Ho] s}52 Aol] Yoja, yjel AF Sti5)_ J 2717}0]12.,‘Studying Korean is dificult. My hobby Is cooking, Grammar Focus UTS SPI AA, Al leks Resp e).2., cet ols] az7i7} Bolg, My legs hurt, so walking Is hard. —7| functions to turn verbs and adjectives into nouns and corresponds roughly to ‘ing’ in English. In a sentence, this form can be used to represent various parts of speech, including subjects and objects. The noun form is made by adding —7| to the stems of verbs and adjectives. 1 Examples of single verbs used as nouns. wsict— 2sp] BC} — 37] tospeak speaking big size Sth 271 Cl — | to listen listening bright brightness AAC} — MI] Bt} — F7| towrite writing thick thickness Bich giz] HSC} — HEE? | toread reading quick quickness: AEE = 417] strong. strength AC — #7] jump — jumping Selct — Se] run running Balch — Bizi7] throw throwing 418, Changes in Paris of Speech 22. Examples of entire phrases used as nouns. + Je] Bol] Bate] 27]7} BYBo]_A, My house is tar way, so coming to schoo! is difficult. +8 a S7)S Sopa. ik listening to Korean songs. + Ba 1s alae. | don't like eating meals by myself. Peich 4-71 — etayi ict +—71— WI Base Form 7 BaseForm plies | ‘Ich H| act ag) HS HHE 7] act 74) BILIC BLY IC} 2 J \cheIch 7|ct21| act | In Conversation A @Sto] FS) wll RY} AYA 01219129» whats ine most eificuk par of studying Korean? B WSp|7} ale es]a, 8 Speaking is most difficutt A Ho] SS et ALA? A. Wy won't you buy this outfi? B L2S Y7|7} BMaR, 8 Wearing it is uncomfortable. aayAl ek A}, So I'm not going to buy it A 22) HAS e729 's Shall we take the bus? BOOP YR, 7|= HA Ep]7} No, zaking the bus from here is inconvenient. Soa, *ehee wt a 276aD ee ¢ ~2{ can be combined with a number of particles to form subjects, objects, and adverbials in a sentence + -7B) Sotsici/woisict JMB) elelct/ Bett 78) ASIC BLIcH/ ec 71D} SICVOWRIC/BC//alcl/Ljwecl/mIagIC}/BSIC/EESIC|/ AEC + 7Hon ecyusict BES a8Ie HAM, CHSON S Brees wets. Dane, | wish for your successful admission into university. Al 21717} BISH. It you can speak Korean wel then Ing in Koreais easy. + 0] 4S BRUNE 7144 $2710 ZOLA Tho printed text ofthis book is large, which makos reading it easy Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using ~7|. A ani} aa? Ba alee ae, (28 Borh A BS AS B18? aon], AL = Aotae, (aelsic) Ak, BojpA, Slo] 2 4]zto}oH.a., BO}, See wate 7t BAR, (@iAioH 7168) a EY ate Au] Lo)? BU, Aelseey FAAS, (SCH) 48. Changes in Parts of Speech 2nels Bl Bei 8, {cut my hair short. 2 Aol] RAI Gopsto.a. | woke up late tociay. AA AONB. Please read it loudly. Grammar Focus —7\| functions as an adverb in a sentence and expresses the purpose, basis, degree, method of, or some thought about the action that follows. It corresponds to ‘in a... manner’ or ‘ly’ in English. The adverb form is made by adding —A1] to the stems of adjectives. vse + 2 aeh+ a zal Base Form Al Base Form Al ay | am] TRA a | act | al | Het a | ofer ovata aistct Bist aIn Conversation © A Fe, ola] 7S W722 A Deer, what should | do new? B S44) 4428 8 A2, AZ 8 Please tidy up the bathroom. Make it clean. al AQ. A ELO]7} Oo} GLO} 2, 1k Your necktie really looks nice. B wa}S|2, Aeayal Aya] fo} 2, 8 Thanks. | bought it cheap on sale, A Bap, QS BAZ} 92.7 & Mom, will the weather be cold today? BS, S9U7} URES} oy, 8 Yes, ite going to be cold, so crass warmly. <> . © Although the adverbial form of an adjective is made by adding ~Al to the stem, in the case of Ect | and 0|2C}, the forms ®{0] and @)8! are used in favor of #24 and 01271) uct — Bro! OjB Ct — a8 AEP S1REUICL Thank you for the food (illomatc). ——& S04 AIS BILICK I'm sory for being late. B FOI SMI2 Please eat alt. 8 URE 27) SAIS. Please come early tomorrow. @ There ate also cases in which both the adverbial form —2\| and a different form are used. BCH — ETH a2| ach — a eich — Lela/ee6l SIMI MEA ILI. + Age 217) BoD, + APAIZE LBlal 712 ‘The plane goes by fast. Only a ite salt, please. My watch is slow. + O22 Bel Sue. + ul AB of Sale? 88a| M9. ‘Game thie way quick. Wontyauhavealiie mare coffee? _Piaase take your time eating (est iow 18. Changes in Parts ofLook at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using —aj. _ yisieh act alelgtet aka A BS of] 2]Y] 2? 8 aya. A EAR, aa agsuct. 4 Al} So AE} 712, Bt, SRg, eT O72, 4 Zh, Ava Beech, _ ROA2, Ba~A, 280fo} s°] BSL aH, The children are hungry. BF ofA) 7} Bas LA, Recentiy, my father has been tired. ofol7t alalahahe. ‘The child is bored. —Of/OJSECt is added to the end of some adjectives to change them into verbs to express the speaker's feeling or observation about some action or outward appearance. It corresponds to ‘appears {to be)’ or ‘seems’ in English. If the stem ends in the vowel | or -L, then —OFSICt is used. Otherwise OJSC} is used. As for verbs ending in S}Cf, the form changes to —SHSHCH. Nera en ‘Sch + -olste oui} + ~oF8tct oigtaict + -shect — Bojsic} — oft | — o19taHaIct Base Form | -ol/olstct_ | Base Form =| —ol/otaict ofc ofntatct nizsict =| iztaliatct Ec} wihanatich algeict =| Alsat ac | otal ee | oj oreieisich “act 48. Changes in Parts of Speech | 257“act [east | vaaiet e7imsict * Irregular form ‘When adding —X] OY to the adjective stem, the pattern becomes —O}/O/S}4] OM. + 2.49]8}2] n}YL@, (0) Don't be attaid. PALA) DIB. (x) + 042]9]8}4] UPAL2. (0) Please don't take it soherd. § O}@42] HI]. (3) In Conversation A HBC Ae Be]SLAES Qt EEL? a whyisn’t Bui riding the roller coaster? B He] YL SYBASE BAIA, 2 suciis atraid of roler coasters, A 918°] 9] AS SopL? A Do chiidren like this game? BU, 444) 219] aa, 8 Yes, they find it amusing. When -0}/0fatCt is added to oy Ct and 3) 4Cf to form oftifstC} and #104 FI5ICt, the meaning becomes ‘to. hold dear’ or ‘to treat with love and affection? + MORHATiS LAS HOLSISENIS2. My grandfather treats me with much affection. + S240) ZOPTHE ollie, My lito brother/sistor adores cur dog. Circle the appropriate words as you read the following passage. $2) dev iota a ofa aes ORE ebsaa, wPolt 1 a o G 2191/7318), TAA) $2] AES OME aM Gola/s01m 2). BSS 3H to] EE BS 4oja. Tele] Bp ee A] Zh0] ZILA at, (23) 3/ezsie}9) 29) Boa, 12-4 HS el Aor AA, ASS] POLY 24 shi wel LLB @a14/paa) Rol dasa, ee Noe | seeeepriged ae ae as as, 282Expressions of A) 1 =) @ V-z uct @ @ V-ol/0} ict © A-O}/O{zICt @ v-ail SicBA09} FA01S B51 go}9. ryt taser etic HEPA eat Nola, I'm wearing @ blouse. ae Iz dela, Pm wearing @ skirt. 2S lt Volk. Im wearing boots. IBS AB/MD YA, ‘i lim wearing glasses. AALS 71a! Loa, I'm wearing gloves. Re az dela, 1'm wearing a sult, PIS SD RVQ, I'm eanying a briefcase. PFE AD Qn, ''m woaring shoes. When used with verbs that express putting on or taking off something, such as QC (to wear clothes), AIC} (to wear shoes/socks), AAT} (to wear a hat/glasses), 77|C} (to wear a ring/gloves), and XC (to take off), —Z1 QC} means the result of the action has continued in that state until the present. It corresponds to ‘is -ing’ in English. The same me: can also be expressed by using the past tense form —Rt/SLO1L to indicate a state of completed action, O12, = 3]0]55 {Q}0] 2, rm wearing a skirt. 0 2 ZS HO|Q, I'm wearing glasses.*N2 na | BS MeIPA ua] la BD Ret Pm 2am Qc} OWT QICH/SIT RICE | EHO) > @ a ®) min tet | ores tx] t | an OF FZ oe tee | S20| Hz0l B&e| gs aa geal) Rt QC} | a AVAL | & 2 eh ese!) a a SB ict, oi 2ct cs a 19. Expressions of StateIn Conversation A Be 47} Fala? A Wha is Hayeong? B A Ayo] 81 Aol], 8 That person (over there} is Hayeong. She's wearing aeghal SIs] AS qi ole, aed tess AS AoA Was 4131 Qoy2? ‘A Why are you wearing socks inside your house? B 2) 42 4910 TAA ae B Ourhouseis cold, Som wearing socks. Az Yo4.2., A NRG 47} AERO} a? A Is Lee Minu martied? BY, ASS 77 glee, 8 Yes, he's weering a wedding ring. qa What is the person in the picture below wearing? Look at the picture and fill in the blanks as shown in the example. 7) Wz} AT Qo, a tae Q Ses @ SES AAS © HIS 6) PSS : mae @ FES 0) a8 _ 206.Grammar Focus Vado] 4 Dela, The teacher js stancing. eHs0] dot slo}.a, The students are sitting a4}S9] Bao} 9] Qos. ‘The patients are lying down in the hospital PAlel] o}50] 7 Slo} a, His name is written on the umbrella, g > —O}/0] QC} expresses a continuing state of a completed action and corresponds to ‘is -ed/-ing’ in English. It is often used with passive verbs, such as B2|Cf (to be opened), EFSICt (to be closed), 74 RICH (to be turned on), 7AXICH (to be turned off), HO1AICE (to be dropped), and SOICF (to be put, to be placed). Senmea elaine) Fort Base | | com | 72004 St [vice | zr atoie of ois or oie Ai glcig * Imegular form ES user M an eNO cd id QC + —OF SICH —- BHO} SICH | MICH + -Of SICH — no} etc estan Bic] — af ict aie 01/01 oie Passive | -o1 oie MCh Agia | wich | wae SAC) i gloise (= Ko} 012) Gat Woe 2c eos TA Sz “ett el glee 7] i BON goIe 19, Expressions of State 25In Conversation A AGE RL, B PBA] 80? A1z} e294 Ft So] sie12? A Sohn Her} Bo} Bela, A SIS WGA Aelia? B a do] BD7} Be} gee, A a gol et ol? 8 Zo] Ba} gels, <> 8 What will you do? Was there anything inside it? A I've lost my wallet, ‘A My money and cards were inside, ‘A How did you find your boarding house? 8 There was an advertisement put up in front of schoo! ‘A Why don’t you go inside the restaurant? 8 It’s closed. meg For verbs meaning ‘to put on’ or ‘to wear, such as @ICf, A/c, and 4*CH, —Z QICF is added to the stem to form 2171 QICt, 2.7 BIC and 471 CF instead of GO} ACH, M01 SICH and Ad ICH. + 22] SYS TES Aol ole, (x) — RES YT Voie. (9) p amwearing a ovat + SESS Noj Woke. (x) - PSS NT goiw. (0) + SIRES AY 210182. (x) — PAHS AD Q0182 (0) + 7S Sof ole. (x) — 7S Sa Yo. (0) + MIELOLS Of 101, (xx) — HEFOHEE OFT YoHRe, (0) (0 am wearing running shoes, @amweanng a hat (Wamhoteing a bag. (am wearing a recite, @ -01/04 21¢F is used only with verbs that do not require a direct object. + BRS SMO TiAl BO] Sey 3101, (0) | openod ina window. Therefore, the window is open. + ES diol Yow. (x) rr rene renee Expresses an action currently in progress. + Sinjol ee gict (Somebody i] n the provess of sting in a chai) + Ro] Uz BIC} {The flowers are in the process of blooming) +z ict Gometning isin a state of dying gradually) Expresses the continuing state of a completed action, + inj top atch (Somsbody continves t sit ina hale) + 20) Wo uct (The flowers have bloomed and emaln in shat site) + Fo} atch (Sometring| nas cles and romans deed)wos Look at the following pictures and choose the appropriate verb form for each sentence that follows. y AU “YA Soh yeH"et As A) suet, (2) FEO] (Sa1/Se)) sect, (3) WF Hels Aela7} Ceol) ect. (4) Alo|29] RS] (Aw/A) Buh. © 34 We SAS Be/ op Asc. ©) S417} Slat Bol (ola) a/seja) aedet. BFA WS ale SS (Bor) Vset () Bat RE 7S (P}A]a1/a}4) SUE 7S AS SAS S/S e)) SUCH, a0) BE AE Alat/ Ay) US (a1) 39 17} (EST ekOH) hes c. 19. Expressions of State 289FAlo] BOM, = “The balloon became bigger. AY 7}; BAA AC}B. (My eldler sister became thinner. We ALTS SA 27} AqAa, Pinacchio's nose grows longer whan he tells a le, Grammar Focus —O}/C{ZIC} expresses a change in state over time and means ‘become’ or ‘turn’ in English. If the stem ends in the vowel | or -L, then —OFAIC} is used. Otherwise, —O{XIC} is used. As for verbs ending in SICH, the form changes to SHIEH. Stem Ending in Vowel ici es if ha Other Vere ens Rc}+ OIC SOHRICE | BIC} + -OFRICH—> zio‘aICh akc} — BHICt Base Form | 0/011 Base Form ~oL/orna = soe TESS “oct | nue 42 UsehaAg “sc | apie BRHAS [wer [we aks | * Irregular form : - ?_ 230In Conversation A SAV} Bol 2? B Ado BME oA mABOLA., A At Bo) HB? B B|7} 29 LH FEI AO2, A 29] UHR. OF Bi] Sof S.A? BLS Bo] Yow eo] Fog, <> ‘A Is your company far away? B It used to be, but since I've moved, it has become closer. A Is the weather really cold? 8 After it rained, the weather tumed cold. ‘A My vision is bad. What should | do about it? 8 Ifyou eat a lot of carrots, your vision will get better a © This expression is always used with adjectives and cannot be used with verbs. + 2 A?E OILS ICY, (0) Yoko had become prety + 21 AD} BRBS aHROUCL (x) — 22 AY! SBS gel sIiScich. (0) ‘Yoo hes begun speaking Korean wel (See also Unit 19. Expressions of State 04 V2} SICH) © The past tense form -01/01012 expresses a change resulting from an action performed in the pest while the present tense form -O/OIM is used to describe a change that generally oceurs when a particular action is performed. + OO|ASeIS ZO! BOA Swe. (x) — Of|ATEIS HO] Bical BeesHALOIR, (0) | ata let af lee cream, so |have become tt. + OARS HO] Oot Beenie (x) — Op|ASEHS HO] Oe BEeixs. (0) Ifyou eat a lt of ee eream, you wil Become fat 19, Expressions of Stateguns Look at the following pictures. What has changed? Choose the appropriate word from below to fll in each blank using -ol/012/ct. wy asec wet ech ch ac} Aaise} me} ate ach (1)°S9) SPREE AS (2ycoo| ae 3) AZ] (4) 7HEOL Sold 7b ©) 42°] @ BHO] ARPS °} Ao} @ 4b ones o| ams Hiemey 202Ae, 191 BBS Bel] HA12, became good at cooking, STS Sols Ba. | came to lke soccer 1322 B88 771 Bolg, {Wts been decided) | wil go abroad on a business tri. Grammar Focus —A SIC} expresses a change from one state to another or a change in a situation as @ result of someone else’s action or the environment, regardless of the will of the subject. It is made by adding —H| SIC} to the verb stam. It corresponds ta became", ‘came to (be/do)’ and ‘has been decided’ in English NSS SS SMS Ht 147} B71 alee] AHS Sols EIeiola, |lused to dislike soccer, but after | began dating my boyfriend | came to like it. +203 717) adel AWS Ba deol SAS 74 Sle a, I dicn't want to go on the business *rip, but | had to because my boss ordered me to go. JIC} + —Al SICH Jhil SIOZ AC} + -A SICh — FY2i| Eletoia Base Form Al SIQ012 ail sigioie SAC} Al ROHS OFAIC OFA SIROIR =U} Sal E112 Bol} Boll Has ct Ai] E112 19, Expressions of State 293In Conversation A 2S U8 MWo}2? Do you gel up early these days? BY], S]A}o] Cd SHE] a4) B Yes, afterstarting to work at a company, | became an Jo E}elo}.a. early riser (came to get up ear). A BSH> SU AZ to}? ‘8 Do you know the movie star Jang Dang-gun? B Sto] 27] Alo BHH=e] FSO] a hadn't heard of him bafore coming to Korea, ob Qa) Slate} a, but after coming her | learned of hi What changed after Lee Minu got married? Choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using —Ail SICh we { 7 * 4), . —- oo Cg» ; f ) f j ee Ss © ee g Or» "ea "Ge a | a =. \ By of Oy ose aol 24 @as elses APSO AEE ) 4Confirming Information @ AV-(2)-/=A1 @V-= dl Bealct/sct @ AV-AI12?35a obBal THA] ao. Do you know how to get to Myeongdong? Al 20] PRA] BEZABO2., I don't know who that person is. of) FSLS WEA) Azo] U, | can't remember what | cid yesterday. ~(2)-/=4] is a connective ending used when connecting a clause requiring additional information to the following verb. It corresponds to ‘who/what/where/when/how/whether + Clause’ in English. It generally precedes one of the following verbs: QC} (to know), SEC} jnot to know, be unaware of, SBSICF (to be anxious or curious about), HESICH (to ask a question, to inquire), ZAPSECt (to investigate), QOFEICH {to look into, to recognize), AYZHLIC} (to recall, to remember), SHC} (to speak, to say), and 7HEAICE (to teach). sel Bart OLS, UA? + gleha?— yal Bar} Her] uate etopa? Wil tomorows weather be good or bad? + Do you knew? == ou kn et emo Wear bo gd bd? + 359i oa] 7ha? + 72a Fala, — Be olay 72] ea AML How do you get to Myeongdong? + Please tll me, ~ Please tell me how to gat to Myeongdong. For present tense adjectives, when the stem ends in a vowel or 2, —L 2] is added, and when it ends in a consonant, —2A| is added. For present tense verbs, =| is added to the stem. For past tense adjectives and verbs, —2t/245=2| is added while for future tense verbs, (2)= ZAAl is added.Eee EX eeu mois See ace) Peace a iy rem ot) (olga eemian apes fies ate ese ST eee fovea neecn eer id fermouukeea cents | =LzI -2x| =r] Ase BU “BI | HER] EX ES 3425) won ey zeal | ie zal | = a spuolgit=r| __BaseForm | (2) /Ea/ BaseForm — (Q)L/ER| | oqeect | oe atLict SILER ect 2x1 eict eer) ee Ester | “uct | zr BASIC BASIN [ect [eat ae Ake! cach cHBIER| zich ed TSICE DASEAl | aeaict BPWEA | atelorgict Masolex| Bic aster] * Irregular form: x oon ; A Alle 27} ‘Belal| elelsiol a. O17} OHEA| oh? BAD, AE ofe}7} obzER| BEAoig, os, 92] of S0] 2} Bae}T. glen? ol ice] Geshe ake) ge wedola, o}7] aI7F RHE Io}, EA BALA. 3}, BELO, 17] oF WHSgIE A) EA Fag, o> ‘ce ‘4 Jason is in the hospital. Do you know what's wrong? B Hmm. No, | don't know what's wrong. ‘4 Dear, is our son studying now? 8 -He's in his room, but | don't know if he's studying or sleeping. A | made this, Please take a bite. 8B Wow, this is delicious. Please tell me how you made it 20. Confirming information 22"<< aye EA is used in the following forms. © Incerrogative + Verb-(2)- (SA + 22] O}012] HholiAi PIS Six) 2221012. | don’t know whst our son/daughter Ie doing in histher room. +21 Argo] Of Leet Ateteia] glo}? Do you know what courtry thal porsenis frm? @ Verb (9) fx] Verb2-(2). fal + 2] O}0l7] Boia TEA] SHSH=7| Saroja, | don't know it aur sonvdaughter is sleeping 0” studying in his/her room. + SLA‘RIO] GI ABIOIX] BH APRA! 1012? Do you know i that person is Japanese or Chinese? ® Verb (O)L EA) 2 Verb 1-(2)L fA] + $2] 0/017} SHE SHEA Ot SH=XI SE zL012 | don't know if our son/daughter is studying (or not. + SL ABI] Get ABLOI| O}LIX] 27101 | don't know whether that person is Japanese (or not. Copy What do you know about this person? Use ~(2)._/i=4| to ask questions about him. () ao) Ate] qep2? ul, Pere. ale Aaa. 2) A Alo} Ae] -0]7} BE2, Alolés AE 2209} oH1R., @) A Alle 47} ohn? 8 Hl, Lola, 4hao} ate) Bo} aya e ? 8 Y, Soka, earejetsre] cpa, Oaees aah Sala, B Mole LeyopD PES Hopaa, (6) A OZ} BAF} BI z] aatic, B Alol|e BE oF} 21577} Gola, A 298LAS We al St aM, tt took (ma) two months to learn to drive. Salshe a] St Alt Aas. It took (me) an hour to finish my homework. AVS DAE 4] 308 B SRB. It cost (me) 300,000 wan to repair my car. Grammar Focus ‘195 —E O| HeIC}/SCt is added to the end of verbs to express how much money, time, or effort is involved in doing a task. It means ‘takas/requires/costs ... to (do)’ in English. This expression is made by adding = tf] 22|C}/SC} to the stems of verbs. = | Z2ICh is used when expressing an ameunt of time required, and = (| SSC} is usec when expressing an amount of money required. WAL. 308 21 -So18, ARS A 308 Fl Sela, | will repair my car. It costs 300,000 won. It costs 300,000 won to repair my car. HC} + = Gl — 7he a) Ich + += el > Se Time) (Money) * Irregular form Bact Sct ‘20, Confirming informationIn Conversation A AA 85714) Ze a) Say ‘A How long does it take to gat to Myeongdong Aza? from here? BAR 7ha 408, 4ehae 7ha B It you go by bus, ittakes 40 minutes, and if you go 20% Bag. by subway, 20 minutes. A Al ARO] OAHOL? O]4 HE OI) A Did you move (change residences) last week? ln} B9}0109 How much id it cost to mave? B 150% WS SMa, 6 Itcost about 1,500,000 Won, How much time or money does it take to do the following things? Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using = oi] Z2Ic}/ech. 1 orz) 45}, wsle aa, pee 1OA}ZbO|-+ BweLL, (esc A Aaa? 10zHe] et ABA, (cp) @) caaay (URe~) Cite) Ea a ale, BE Tt sigela? BY, Ae, BS Ye] Agee, (ech aole Wah 9109 (A/RBICH) Bole ay oul 1 (al RSICH tec) A UO wie} het Aloj@, 0] elutes 0107 Be 20,000% 4 : (tec) (ech)SH AHHOAIL? You're Chinese, right? B517/7} RelA]? inv buaed age aso}S we7|a? You study Korean, don't you? -Z|27 is used when the speaker wants to confirm with the listener or to obtain the listener's agreement about something already known. It means ‘Isn’t/Aren't...?” or ‘Don't/Doesn't.. in English. For present tense adjectives and verbs, —X|$2? is added to the stem. For past tense adjectives and verbs, —9t/S4X12? is added; for future tense verbs, (2)2 AZ|? is added. In colloquial speech, —Z|2? is sometimes shortened to? Ac} + -718? —- x12? | ach | ARI? | uct | BxIe? | ect | erie? | | _Segolct SHolz|2? | DICp + -a1@? — efx127 BaseForm | #12? ict | IRI? act | HAIR? “ech + S72? ch aesinia? AHOISACE | AHO| SAIL? ‘Stalo] OL ct Sao] Of |xIS? 20, Confirming InformA Pz] O}o]7} 82] 104°] F912, 4 ourson/caughter is already 10 years ola. 24) 90) 2 w= 2} 9 Dosen time just ly by? BH), BS So} Behe, B Yes, time really does fly by. A BY A, la] BP ABAIA? ‘4 Hoang, you stayed up all night last night, didn’t you? B Olea] tebe] 2? ail7} w] ah B How did you know? Do | look tired? Bo]? A Ue Boje] Bae 7) 2122 ‘5 You'l attend the meeting tomorrow, wont you? B Ul, So S esas. 8 Yea, | will most defintely atten the meeting Look at the following drawing of Carol, and complete ezch of the questions based an what you see using 4127, a A 7H A), SP BHAY R BY), Ts Bats] ABV k, 2) A BS BF Ya} IoH}4] e BY), the 714] ASS ae. @) 4 ANS 7/210 ]2}4] BSH so} AO] m3 8 ga wetola, Sabgola. @ A WAS 2 8 Ui, YATES Hela, (5) A aes ah alta] ca Boh 2, ofs|4|7) ES oa, 302Discovery and Surprise @W-22/Ez72 @ AV-H12.seo] ZA, Y ‘Your vision is bac indeed. oAags Sopsewte, You really like ioe cream! B7/4] BarR. 1 s9¢ you've caught a cold. Grammar Focus —#2/EA is used to express surprise or wonder upon learning something new either by direct observation or experience or by hearing about it from someone else. It corresponds to ‘I see (that)’, ‘indeed’, ‘how’, or simply an exclamation point {!) in English. For adjectives, —Z2@ is added +o the stem, while for verbs, S=Z@ is added. This expression can also attach to nouns by adding —(0|)=+ &. To express the past tense, it is added to the past tense ending to form —24/RA2. eae east Nees ath+-#2—- are ACh +-B#2 — Yete BaseForm 22 | BaseForm | “EES soled awola | kc a sujolct awolze msc} nase | ac ame * regular form 304In Conversation A LU] 27} of Hol] AHS TE UPPO}, —_& Budi has changed vehicles again. B ya? Br] Ae QA Eo] BEA, bs Really? Budi really does have a lot of money! Ad 4), UHL, cleo] Pe] ‘A Dane, please say hello, This is our company S)AF ABO) AIS, president. B Ob, APP OlAZS, chy s}.2. 8B Oh, the company presicent! Nice to mest you. A PAE YOR? AG tol BZ} Sta, ‘A Do you have an umbrella? it's raining outside now. B QE H7} SEA, 24h] GET 8 Wow, it’s really raining! | don’t have og] a1? an umirella, so wet shal | do? <= — In the informal plain style, 2 changes to —7LI/—# in the case of adjectives, =7L1/—t3? in the case of verbs, and ~(0/)724/(0|)=# in the case of nouns. AM 01017} A SMOloHa, ‘That boy/git! is: my litle brother/sister. BERWZ) Of, A O10/7} SMO1TL, {To oneseif Oh, so that's his/her litle rotherisster A GOL, 2s StMOHA{ VO] SOA! $=7H| SO1Z, Mom, today | was busy at school, and that's why I'm late. 8S, PHM SoTL qa Read the following dialogues and fill in the blanks using -#2/=72. ‘Okay, 80 (1 See) that's why you're late. Q) A 2% oF4}o] Ssh= 4] Bt 4|zbo]U Aso} a. 8 12? Ye elolojAl go] Ho] . @rsicp 2) a Al 44} 21 A119] oR, 8 pa; coer @) A 2S ARPS] ey FS Bo] Wea. BS Lele] » (Pesich @ a MAlalztela] Br et Blo] 22 Bony, aAztOIcH) 21. Discovery and Surprss 305ap BDA of 0]4] 2. Wow, it's already summer. 79] BULA. ‘You certainly have a large family aye H Aya, ‘You really have good handwting. Bs Bo] ARIA, You really have read a lot of books. Grammar Focus —H|S is used to express surprise or wonder upon learning something through direct experience or when agreeing with something said by someone else. It is made by adding —L|@ to the stems of adjectives and verbs. It corresponds to ‘really’, ‘certainly’, ‘wow’, or 'Myt!)’ in English. 1 Expressing surprise or wonder upon learning something through direct experience: Agate 22 sepa. You really do speak Korean well. (While witnessing a friend speak Koresn) BO} 4o].2, ©) Bo] BY-S]O} SH. Not really. | have to study a lot mors. 3062. Agreeing with something said by someone else: A 935 PA} BA].2? lon'tit cold today? BU], Bt AuLa, — Yes, itreallyis cold. 2th +-H1I2 — Sue JAC + Hg Ree Base Form -412 Base Form 412. a4gtolct AYOIULe ‘ect Bue ofuict one ace | uIS. osc owsuii | Sc} Bu ‘algaicl aes | gaisict =| Saisie | AL} Au | “ach | au OHAIC ee alct An ® Irregular form (Compare with Unit 21. Discovery and Suprise 01 A//—2/=2.2) © Used mostly in books and other written texts, | @ Used mostly in conversation, @ Used to express surprise or wonder upon | @ Cannot be used to express something learning something new either by direct not learned directly by the speaker's wa experience or by hearing about it from | _ experience. someone else. AO} AlGOH.A Zul Sto] oie? xj Ext sees A ait! BO} CIR? Wet seiois, Rog Have you ever had galbi? I's really delicious. Have you vor had the gala this rateurant B RHR? O| BY ZHI BALI (x) fave had three earvings of gale. (Cannot be used because the speaker did not ty gab: personally) B AHS? O| 2 Wul7} Haze (0) Really? The galb at this restaurant must be <éelicious. (Gan be used because the sertonce refers to what is leamed from someone else even though the speaker has yet to actually try the restaurants gab) 21. Discovery and SurpriseIn Conversation ee A dee] 7]7} aA yIg. ‘Your husband is realy tal! B Ul, 187em(AlE|a]E/) oH] 2, 8B Yes, he's 187 cm tal. A A AZOoA, whe] Fo] waa, A It’ a present (got for you). Go ahead and open it. BZ Beye, WHI a, 18 What ¢ beautiul scarf Thank you. AZol 21a. "wear itoften in winter. A $2] Ho] 2zl Bela] oA? ‘8 What do you think ofthis painting by my daughter? B Qur Zt QUA, AARBLE] LAS es My, she really painted wall! When did she start my MolR? learning to paint? gone Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using efther -Ujs2 or 22. A Pe] Su] DA She Alo) 7H B? Sao] Hat Foe, B 2e]2? 4 A Sao] A235 te S BAL. BE saa. BY), oHs°] Bet 4 Aya aS Sec, B Oe ao ae] A Sat A} BA} WARO}L. B 2s 47} Bo] (ose)Additional Endings @ AHS)L712?, V-L2? @ Ave) /ENzaS At BER? Do you have a lot of Korean friends? US ARES 2? Do you love me? Fol Air] BUY a? Did you have a pleasant weekend? Grammar Focus —(2)L7}2? and —L}2?7 are used to politely and gently ask somebody a question and correspond to ‘Is/Were there.-.7, “Is/Was it--2', ‘Are/Ware you--.2", or ‘Do/Did you-..?" in English. For adjectives, ‘when the stem ends in a vowel, —L 72? is used, and when it ends in a consonant, 2712? is used. For verbs, -L{2? is added to the stem. eeu aA i ee Poe Be Rens) 7 Se ae eerie Deeg ur Verb | Adjective, | No Final ane ee as Ee (ene a neo -L7i2? -2727 | -UR? | -B/AUEB? | -2 Wim? -# 27127 O72? BER? | HR? BUR? | BUR? AS 217187 egei7i2? | 27127 SUL? au]? 27g? ws n7IR? BaseFom (2) 712? BaseForm =| LRP ect aE ZI? Sct | QUE? s1gsICt BweH7I2? atch | BUR? 310aap =| Saigiig? | ogtct } OnRtLIS? ach 2712? watch wit? yc} | sxe? | “ghee | pete? eich wie? | “Act (Aue? * Irregular form In Conversation A 933 Alzlo] gU.09 ‘Do you have te today? BY, Weel Fy ea? 8 Yes, | do, but why do you ask? A BS URE}? 1 Are you busy these days? B Offa, 137] Bo] BBA] Soh, a No, mnot that busy. A HA fp] yo] Aa AlSol] QA|L-R? a Dane, when is your mom coming to Seoul? BS Fo] 24 Aaa. 8 She's coming next week AB Aol dol] @eet A7k2? ‘A What time will you leave your house? B Be Olu} @ Aaa, BM eave in afew minutes, gu Fill in the blanks as shown in the example. i: ‘BA 2S | aul, Bai: Bin, (1) 4 Else 2], BS SIA}oH}A] AHP APSO) ik Bl, Bae. @ 4 hehe FEE &] a Zle] * Bom} Wade 2a qe. @) 4 BA, eel] ____ Pare Beye, B Ahae] Yolk, @) 9 Ae AS} 2 8B BSla2, 2fe Aaa, 22. Additional Endings = S77AS AMSA A, | think it's interesting. Be wk AIF Abel} geaLA, Minu is not at his desk right now. Ae ela! ‘We're really high up! Grammar Focus 1 +~(2)L-/EUI2 is used to express one’s disagreement with or oppositi ‘says. It corresponds to ‘Wall (in my case)’ in English. For adjectives, when the stem ends in a vowel, —L (| is used, and when it ends in a consonant 21] is used. For verbs, EU] is added to the stem, nto what somebody A 933 TA} Ot 9).2. The weather's not cold today. BAS FoR, ‘Well, | feel cold. 2 —(2)L/EUjI2 is also used to express the expectation of, or waiting for, a response from the other person and corresponds to “...and?” or *..but?’ in English, A S214].8, 717] 3-9 #4) “o] 7] 8.7 Hello, is this the home of Hayeong? BY, EHS, CPA R? / HE A/a 27) Yes, itis... (And you are? / What is the reason for your call?) 3 ~{2)-/EH12 is also used to express the speaker's surprise at discovering or feeling something unexpected when observing a situation, It corresponds to ‘('m surprised to learn that)... is so..." in English.> (CE IAS BRA) Olaf at Bet hee! ('m surprised to see that} your citfrlend is really prtty! (said while observing someone's gitriend) + CaS BA) US oF ae eae, ('m surprised to see that) he (she) soeaks Korean really Well (said while observing a foreigner) es na CUCy Nel te Wid iag eee Beacon cas es Se Petia Pent tae Sua “Lye ene “Ene SY SEHIS BHEES Red. ASd2 Hedge | Med] HSCS SAjetcise Bee Mee Be Wea SHYyolgterie ‘Base Form FeAe ofc oc zich AEd2 | TzZIt nae | ‘wee | wee [ eecuie edo Ate. aeaeel ete | Bsict BMEUIa | sete * Irregular form In Conversation a a We A¥el Az ela? ‘A Do you have time tomorrow evening? BUYS Azle] Mera, B Well, tomorrow, | don’t have any time. A ©] 1 o}n 2? 'A What do you think of this painting? B Sh, Waleels. B Wow, fs really nice. AS, AA, SH Ao] shed 2, A Wow, Dane, you realy are studying hard. B Ohjo2, 2 AS ga Yoja, & Not really. 'm just reading a book = 22. Adcitional Endings +373Look at the pictures and choose the appropriate word from below to fill in each blank using {2)- /Et12. = cage) ac} pet AAAS SAO, Bh, ae A 29] AY S72? 8 Ae a 4 Wee) = Soe p12, BASAL, 415 FO] A Pe] liste] S72? 8 le Hho] welele rsa (eyity @ Direct Quotations @ Indirect Quotations @ Indirect Quotation Contracted Forms“\omenich, id ; (fe, waa se “Ams ISS olsjUaucth.” gor B}S1 BO}A., To paraphrase Edison, “Failure is the mother of success.” FPS “AS ARS oS, "e}t PSR] a, Jesus said, “Love each other." By AS AeA WA B Ale 2.2.9" Span Boa, Wang Jing esked me, "What time will you come tomorrow?" Se] MLS BAIZE UF oes 9l.’ abst zpHoL A, “This problem is too hard,” Budi thought. Grammar Focus A direct quotation refers to the word-for-word quoting, using quotation marks, of what someone wrote, sald, or thought. In Korean, ‘S}31/2}31 Verb’ follows the quotation marks. When asking @ question about what someone wrote or said, however, 4231 is used instead of FAS: <7/Le] MI7t Het ZL BRLO|L?" (What did Kylie say?) S}21/2}21 is often followed by O|OF7 St}, BOSCH, StStct, A42I61Ct. or AAC, but these verbs can be substituted with SEC} or EYL}. a a(BSI (to speak) / O]OF7 SHC (to talk/converse) / TRC B0/5!C} (to ask) 2APISICE (to think) SPELSICt (to request) AC (to write) EC (to listen) AH SIC (to be written) “Quoted Speech” In Conversation = A ¥19 ASE of 132? fs bidyo speak wih Mn? BU), WP Az} “BS UF BA] 'B Yes, Minu said, “I've been too busy recently to Bhd + glo] a, "Bhat Ho} a, testis tomato? A Ofd, “of7]o]] 42}8) 2] UP ALG. "2}51 4 Dear t says, “No parking here.” A Mera. B 42? HS Lol 22, 8 Really? I'll park somewhere else then. <=> —_T © 8 YoI2 is not used after a quotation when the part inside the quotation marks ends in SiC. It is also common practice to avoid using 8{C} as the verb directly following 831. These conventions ‘exist because it sounds awkward when Ct is repeated consecutively. + US ME “SSsIMla,” ED HIG, (x) — aig Mis "ESsIMla, "Zin (B)ROID, (0) — UP WE “EES.” a2 BROLZ. (0) Mini sac tome, ‘Exerisa* + 812) Wits “UAB L402.” 8k BO}D. (<) — 8) us “Li Bh "eka (BN BHOLS. (0) — SIS MES “LHS PHES.” Sin BRIS. (co) RL Hayeong said to me, “See you tomorrow." @ Although both 331 and 2a are used after a quotation in a sentence, they convey slightly different meanings. 812 conveys @ feeling of including not just the cited text but also the original intonation, ‘emotion, and feeling of the cited words, This is why 831 is used when something must be conveyed vividly, such as in fairy tales, children’s stories, and onomatopoeia, In the case of everyday conversations and speech, however, 2431 is used often + BS pt BS SUM "IS" 8D ALE O12. Junho rang the bol, and it chimed “6ing-ong! 7 athe “ed SON Bin Aeiao1g, “The boy yelled out, “Help met” + SE “7IBOl, Hol, AiSOLAl 7+ Mel olmL?" Bia: Bolwoiw, “The queen asked, “Miro, mir on the wal, who isthe falrest one of al?" {Te ‘cing-dong’ sound and the accent, Intonation, and feeling of tha words ef the boy and queen are conveysc)A OA} Aol Fetal Wao]? 8 7k hI AME A TAS BAL? 29 2 A me 4 FEO Hels! Bors? B FEO A MES F147} Br} a7} Bohs ola? BFC] aS 318209 Be 7} Alollzy| Pet OMS ATS O12. Minu said | was really beautiful ot 7} alo] Age. Ola, Haycong said she loves me. ay #7} BEelA}S1 Ho} a, Minu said we should get married Grammar Focus ‘An indirect quotation refers to the citing, without the use of quotation marks, of what someone wrote or said. Further, the form of the expression can change depending on the type of quotation, verb tense, and parts of speech involved. Thus, the forms of indirect quotations are more varied and ‘complex than those of direct quotations. After changing the form of the content to be quoted, Tl is attached and used along with a verb such as BLSICf (to speak, to say), BO{EICH (to ask, to inquire), ‘SICH (to tell, to convey) or Ct (to listen, to hear). These verbs can be substituted with SHCf or L2YCt. Vst means “Verb stem’, and Ast means “Adjective stem” ‘The negative forms of suggestive and imperative quotations are —X] StX-I SfCf and —A| Veh SICH, respectively. 1. Suggestive Sentences + a1¢- als “Yel Alo] 7}4] Wale. "e}st ago] a, Minu sald, “Let's not go to the mountain temnorro GILG. a] Uje} Ato] 7}%] BEA} GO}, Minu said we shouldn't go to the mountain tomorrow. 2 imperative Sentences + Lx} AO] “ANS T]-9-2) wpa. "2431 SHYLA. The doctor said, “Don't smoke.” “+ SIA NAO] BERS B}-4-4] Behar SHO], The doctor said not to smoke. 23. QuotationsWhen the first person pronoun L}/LH or 74/7| appears inside an indirect quotation, it changes to K}7|. + 39 A7} ARE] Of |s}419.,"2}51 Vehol a, Wang Jing said, “Please tell me.” — 33 A} Ayal Bropehat SO], ‘Wang Jing said to tell her. ZIAE 7} A] TRS $2.0] o]].8,"217 WYO] A, Richard said, “My hometown is New York.” |= 417} 2}71(2)) WARS 7-80 ]2ha WBlo|.R, Richard said his hometown is New York. -@ In Conversation | A Alle #] 47] 9101.82 4 Is Jason here? B Ea, 8 No, nate net here. A ale a7} 2a Wee gepa ‘A When he gets here, please tell him to come to the zal HA12, pate: A ANS Bo} Sto] 2? A Hava you tried samayetang? B OFS, SLA] Blo] B ZIFUSO] a No, butmy friends who have tried il said it was techy. aa, delicious. <> a, ‘When indirect quotations are made from sentences that originally end in AI or ~0//0| SM, these parts change to Stet hc} and -O}/0} Stak Sich or Zakx sich and 01/01 Fak Sc, respectively. Specifically, when the speaker is making the request directly to the listener, then S212. S{¢} and -01/0} ‘EIN SIc| are used, but when the speaker is asking the listener to help a third party, then 28217. SiC} and —0i/0} 42} &{c} are used, “ne apenter maken a drect request ofthe steer. | The speaker mates erequest on bealtota hia person, | ‘ett Sich, -O}/01 Baka sich Fete Sct, | ange Guest. Se won woe, AE Me ee| slo] BS Feta Hols, | (FELT. s vses because Carols requesting that something | bo don er Wei fathers pore) (EAT is used because Jasiun is requesting something for finsaf) Loe SMS.) Sz wow =} ole, (GI2Ez Is used because the speaker [Jasjun] and the ‘recipient of the help [Jaejun] are the same person.) iE MS H Moll SI WB Seyret Hole, (2471 is used because the speaker [Ja6jun] and the recipient of the help (Wang Jing] are not tha same person.)Change the following direct quotations to indirect quotations. |) alu} Ab B17] 7} UE BAS, "eh DOLL, > RN ATE OT ETH AP HEED SHO, 2) NE Ak ashe Sop 2, "eb Beja, 2 4 Al} “oS 12] ohe."ehat Hoa. (3) BSL AI} “O}ay] ABRMO}A."2ta1 Bo}.2, ) GRE AE EE PS al lejos, "en Bola. ) BS AZ} “eal ROH 7A 2" eat Sol¥o] a. ©) BE A} “eg SeSIal WAI. "eh Hoi.a, (7) BFE AZ} “Be]7} OE BS SB, "2}S1 Po}2, @) VE) ANA US AS Hey] a. "Sh FSs}so1.a, 9) Ae A} “Alo ES wel 4] 2. "Epa go] a. 23.Quotations S27© Indirect Quotation Contracted Form: pkz0{7} \ mialslois. GE» ¥ BSL B= Bol} Al QS, cle! Ui, fs ‘Yoko said Korean is interesting, % gs Cy ELBal Mis HS Sol] SSA, fa Tiluen said she's getting married next month. Ase AE Ae] AspAL, Wealay sad o call his evening AE As YS Zo] HUAS Alaa, Jaejun said we should play tennis tomorrow. PU ASH] Ast ag, Budi wants to know what (you/we) want to eat. Grammar Focus Indirect quotations are often used in contracted forms, particularly in colloquial speech. roa : a ee Saree (S)UC lat a2 > (e) rs Noun + 4o))a}zt afi — -(0|)aH= Aueolahs ANS SY 2/SiCH SHR eI 1/4. S194 ANst+ (2) Ackil oh | he 71aHe = 2)2 Wee oe ee pretNoun + —(Ol)LE si — —(O)) LH Ast + {O)LED si — 42) ANst+ AlVst + —9t/2i()LED otc} Past 8H ALS ANst + (2) ALE S{c} Derele ay Suggestive Vst-+ XE 3H — —AH PHD. Vst + —(2)2}71 a2 — -(o)zhs vst + —O}/0} Ste} | EON sees —— 01/01 S22. — OH Ol ese * Vst means ‘Vert stem’, and Ast means ‘Adjective stem’. In Conversation A Ge} A7} BS ofa) aly] ‘Do you know how Ere Is doing these days? qe}2? BY, 2S aS HEA, 8 Yes, he said he's been studying Korean A A= 7} Sho] Zo] SAk ZAR, a diau said we should go hiking this weekend, ANZ 1a? Do you have time? BU], Boa, Zo] 7}.a, 8 Yes, I have time. Let's go. A ARTS] ule & ley Boia, A People are asking what time wie'l meet up tomorrow. B OA] Shalt SO Oaha ah 8 Please tell them to come to the front of the schoo! HD. by 9 o'clock. A AA, Feo] 7122 1 Jaejun, where ere you going? B 7] A7} SAS S =o} Saya, 15 Yuki said she wants help on her homework. AY 27] JS uke] Fhe, Sa I'm going to mest he. HeAiS AOI baci clie — icc Sea a ee Vst-+ (E)LET a2 — -L42 JHA /HU@ Bulg & Seuig) RMMS/ACH S RUD 2 uae 7S —-(9)2 AUS ae ue 7RHS/BOAD ES See Vst + 01/01/01 2422 oC} ES AteWhat did Tiluen say to Budi? As shown in the example, change each quotation into its appropriate indirect quotation in contracted form (10) Sele we ISH ABO 7/02) (0) #2) 20) 715 az woe. a (@) Alt (o8t za] Bani. (2) aztc| Be est 5 of Bolstg, (7) Alte meth RE Hele, (6) St = Fol a8 Biel 7, (5) PHA wi7k BOT £] 45 ole} $C) M1, BALOH ATE QLOR? — Fal a7} Be) Aaa] Sebo] Are QS EFA A HE] BofA] AlZt glow ay pea teal FY Ael7| BE SHS ay Beal qe SERS @) SAE) Sb . LA] Sint] 9st © . SS Ee] 6) Ea aie Ty 220 . BF AR EE] al | ® Bal We Ay71st He] Ae Bet (10) 324Tacey aul Fel Ore Ur=e 1a celal) @ ‘“— 374] (Irregular Conjugation) @ ‘2’ 2774] (Irregular Conjugation) @ ‘1’ B74] (Irregular Conjugation) @ ‘c’ B74] (\rregular Conjugation) @ ‘=’ 274] (Irregular Conjugation) @ ‘5’ 374! (Irregular Conjugation) @ ‘4’ B74! (\rregular Conjugation)aD ag We OS Go] upmpa, Minu is really busy these days. SEAM Please turn off the lights. BZ} oP (Vm) hungry. For verb and adjective stems that end in —, — is omitted without exception when adding an ending that begins with Of/0}. Then, the vowel that preceded — determines whether Of or 0} is used in the ending. That is, when the vowel is F or -L, f is used, otherwise 1 Is used. In the case of single- syllable stems in which — Is the only vowel, 41 is added after — Is omitted. ERMEt + -O}2 — BES, (Fis the vowel preceding —, so therefore —O}@ is added.) OfaEE! + OHA — oad (A is the vowel preceding —, so therefore —O{ 1 is added.) Sgt Biota — Zoe (The stem 2 isa single syllable, so therefore —2101 is added.) © is 8Base Form |-(A)uLich) -m | -0/0l@ 24/9012 | -o/o1M | Of et | oneict | om oti: mtoise | oat | ims: to be pretty i HMAC | if esuch | ape LRH uO} | fh hae tobe busy | | OnECE | | sa taro | CUS | Cb RSI cea OO (oH?) ec) (uit) | (HD (wit) (aH) (oH) (eH) tobehungry | PBUCH | mmm ama | aoe | ams ie zc} | tobebig | =utt az | Ag HOD 7M AS Uist | ymicy | ye yon | LY | Lyuyee tobebad | AAC} | | | leur oot a We | yoie | MM Me ee auc | om Pome oe ee a | to tum off | In Conversation ey A SD] 4, 213 B0]99 ‘8 Hami, are you enying? B Ul, SE7} UF SaA] VT QO], wb ves, rm crying because the movie was so sac. A So] As A yr} ee ‘A Did you have a nice picnic over the weekend? B OFS, uaz} ump] aes 8 No, the weather Was bad, 50 | couldn't go. BAL, A OlAl SI Stile] et Sto} a? ‘A Why didn't you come to school yesterday? B U7} Ho] oMo} a TDeA| Spo} B | had a bad stomachache. So! couldn't B gho}a come to school, 24. regular Conjugations S27gas ‘Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example, 01/012 Hote She gEee FAB, ep 01/04 @ 24 AY FSS ALWOHM, (wise) ~o1/01M @ Al O14} Ashe AREY 7) 7b . (ach Oe (4) BST Ass Ofo} 0] A] BY Qisel) BE . (ome) ~oYoi2 ©) 2% AS eo} Os SSS A, orsch) OVO @ 24) Ae] BAEAS Wo ye a) systole MA FA] QF] H Bola? 8 Ey a7 . (Se) =RRO1@ @A H7t ___? tazep ~01/012? B 42, 37} . (aah) —*| 2012 A FB] AE A Hz) 27 8932 A] Ba oF Fo}-A. uc alee 328The git plays well by hersett. ushao] alg week 2 What are you making? Grammar Focus Arad, \215) obe|7} Sab 4b Ut. Xo} 7] 51 41o}.9, I'd ike to know what time the department store opens. ail 2? For verb and adjective stems that end in =, & is omitted without exception when adding an ending ‘that begins with L, &, or A. However, when an ending that begins with —© is added to such a stem, even though = remains as a final consonant, it is treated as a vowel, and therefore —© is omitted. a + ie wei (Boe (x)) b+ C)i2 — eno (QHESAID (x) ) Ft Qe LICH — Sich (PSLICH (x) ) Gt 2 He aE 0) oy ae | Noun Modifier Base Form -O/02 -(2)2 -(2)a2 Hck | ASL (Present) eUct MAIC ae Bo go ae | act | ABI AIH AHIR) ARE | #1 | woe) ge | suc | me | eae | mm to sell | | 24, In=qular ConjugationsSt | oeoje | etsal | gisuict| stewie | etSalct to make ect toopen | 20 | BA | BUC oe | Balch ect | to play aS | es bets | izaail eae t t = wt | aoe | - Stuck OMS | oct to know | | ict | los to be far Hoe | - See | ac | — |eug | owe | ql tobe sweet | oe | See a | a When (2) is added to stems ending in @, such as (@)= ti, (2) 711@, and A2)= 2427, {2)z is omitted, ana the stem attaches directly to the ending, a+ Sa — At eect + <@jgaia7 — tele? In Conversation | A % wh Aol, A I want to fase some wicight, B 2ay aelau zea 22 2 In that caso, stop eating sweets wy Sale wg upaLe, like cake and chocolate. A AA AAS OFC O14) AE] SHE] ‘8 Do you know whare | can gat an elactronic cictionary ony]? for 2 c00d price? B S4lo]a| Az} AES 47] BY a} 8 Go to Yongsan. They sell electronics cheap thers. 7; BAIA, A Se] Ae U7} Sh HY 7] ‘A Our house is far from school, so it's hard to commute. gen, B Stal 24 ofA} O& Al ofa? 8 Then why don't you move someplace closer to school?Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate form, as shown in the example. SN YZ Ay; ofcjola} avert oho? we () SFO] Wo] WEE & Soh FAQ. (ac) +e)L7 @ 47] ofo)7} A SHO} AI... aco HO) fe @ A ASIA Seat Bape , 29] Foe] Aq 2. acy @) AE} Noa . a) ASAI © Ae tat 2414] . a aye uich © 15 4 AMPISO1B., sch ~Alet Ma Bw} BA) APO] QW}? (ach Aad 8 Al SShe of 2547} S ¥bo} gen], eo @A Me AS Aa) wytopa? a ayo] __ Bte1, cacy 422 a QA 2] Alet ej 2? ote Ala 4 crea Zi Pola, 8 ale APS ot Sopa. ch, Aue 24. regular Conjugations S37A1a7} ZAG BAHIA, ‘The coffee’s hot, so be careful QA} FAA Bo] ARV, Its cold outside, so | stayed home. As WE 24S SopsA, Like spicy food, Grammar Focus For a few verb and adjective stems that end in H, 4 changes to 2 or $ when added to an ending that begins with a vowel. Ct (to assist) and HL (lovely/charming) are the only two words that change to ©, while all others change to 2. ie ee — 4912. BaseFom (A)uLich| -m | -ol/oie | -ol/o1 | (o)p rea Noite: an | dee ae | set 42 oft | offs fel | ofFieet ole.To wa ach | ain ef i 7 tobe spicy | MSU | ei | oleia | oe | fee! oe. act gauct ea | ree eee nen ae |_ tobe hot = = iSot tony S8U | 2 | age | aay | aoa ae a wreneny | FHGUC| Sein | sie | BM | wigs | wie | : “ect - | 2 | worep | SAU | Gx | Sem | Ee | Zea sz | Although the stems of 4} (to be narrow), PIC} (to wear), “CF (to chew), and IC} (to catch) end in «4, they are conjugated regularly. Base Form | AyeUEL | -of/of@ | -oYoix | (ayer Nove Monier ect | eeuct | em | goie | eo | gost qe to wear Fe Fe | St aauc | an | aoe | ao | gon ae to be narrow a a oF e A Ot Y8Hs Hoppa? A What kind of movies do you like? BAS TAS BS Folie. B Like scary movies. A 24°] fu] 2s S Fale. ‘A The food isa ite bland, s0 could | have some salt? B 7] alsuch, 8 Here you co. A O}O/7} RS Beto] 2? 'A Who does the child resemble most? Aur Folge. Shavtio's adorable B ZARTHCh, Arts eo] este] a. 8 Thank you. She/He resembles his/her mother. 24, Inegular Gonjugations 333go (Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example. SAN SS BIL? BADBRIA Bol2. (imei) 01/0444 (ay A 7PSO] FAR? Eee . obeh -oVoiz 2) 4 Salt & SSAA 2? (ore 2)u fed BU], daol2, 3) A SAE Upset S4S Hole EQ, cacy 42)L04 BY), Fora. (a) A ZAP FAA, 47] Bolla] ai] 9) FA $9104.22 BAZ 9 _ ASA) HSMM, Bch) 01/0444 A o| S4)o] Bat Wize? 8 S4)e] ze BELO, (etch) WAR @ A Mo] HP 7|7h oma? e 82hact ANN] QOFR., cach “2 MAAR AQLUIA, (eich) eum 6 2412? 2a. 334BUS SOA SSA, Listen to music while | exercise. Eo] QA Alay Zs, Thad no money, $0 I went by foot A oZ)}o]7] ASHES BO}Y]2., | asked her for her phone number. Grammar Focus For @ few verb stems that end in ©, © changes to = when added to an ending that begins with a vowel. efi toi Bole +-# 701g — Be i012 Base Form| ~(A)uLick| —a | -ovola |-aysioia| -(2Me ~(S)ema?| (SVR att Bile use et Seuct | ea | sie | Bzel2 | soiig Se72? soe ‘to listen | EA geuc | en goia | gaia | some | semia? | goo cue Mau | au Bog | ewe | Aevig AS2? AZoe 24. \equiar Coniugatons 3Although the stems of SIC! (to close), #1} (to receive), and Ct (to believe) end in ©, they are conjugated regulary. [Base Form | (A)utie}| a | -oW/oig -st/oia| (e)ie |-(2)=m2? | (eet ec} 0 ali «tn ole | Eloi Hoe | Bee? doe ect weuc go Boe | BROS woe? | as7i2? wool & In Conversation | A Wa 4, SA} S24) Sto] UA) ‘A Carol, the weather's nice, so why don’t we go. Baga? forawak outside? B Ul, Fora. 8 Okay, that sounds nice, A 0] 3H Se] Blo}? PSOE, a Have you head this song? it's realy good. B TAS? HF Lala? 8 Realy? Who sings i? Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example. S14 BEitol] Of] LL? B Yom 712, ach) 01/0484 @) 4 Wiel Be] Bs} 7a? 8 $oba, At Ne Alas uel Alzte] ge) S72. ze) 01/04 2 4 87) eel ash} S717} Sola7.2? 8 o> Ess} Behe Yo] Bot, Spo] CDE We] a) eo) @ 4 A] Bo] oa] et obs}. 2? ich eu 8 324 Po] WB}R. (ech 01/010 4) A Sere] & Ao] 2S 2 een ~O/OKR 5 BEL aq __ AND 71S Al7AA) Ho1.8, een, 42/20= WAS EHS SB Bell 21771 Bora. Dane is popular because he can sing well. Se Azole 718-Ho] HAC} Behe, ‘The subway is faster than the bus during rush hour. AS SS Beta, I don't speak English. Grammar Focus For most verb and adjective stems that end in &, the — of & is omitted, and an additional = is added to form 2 2 cect} + -of2 — see e+og— gale act +-g +2+02— Bag Base Form | (A) a Lice —a +(2)4 | -o/o12 | -2/%012 -o}/o44 cect | eee | Sa ‘ite oer | EMME | SES | AES eae bea HHS LICH to} ‘thE 2H wate stole wet to be fast | = ' Met | xiguct | xem = weet wel | watoia | wei 24, iragular Conjugations S27sat | om; | cen | cee | gaz | exam | se to know Fett | seuch | wen gee | wae gaia | we to call, sing | 72 | sguch jen 724 gag yzoie | aa to grow, raise L a | In Conversation A SEA, rhe] PHO}? BILLA. 4 Junho, oid you outyour ait sivish B “AQ? aHpEI8, fb Really? Thanks. A ME] AS} Aol AE ASSN ‘A Eric and Jason are twins, but they don't resemble ao] ef Bsela, eech ane B ul, Aim Ho] Beka, 8 Fight ana tat parca af realy ret is. Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example. wl AG EMD, B vi} BAM HL MOA, Gracy ~OH/01M @ A Oo] tee] BS + glo a? 8 Of a, a7} ye __ E Be1a, ery OOM @ 4 S39] AES Be} | 2e0? Bon, Po} ay 0/012, @ 4 Wess sep yyla. 2 Hola, hae athe] 448 Bel BS, visas) OOM ABS OME Qh 1491-2. (ezet) 2 Sted B sepa. A 7; Os Bol] ales WEA 338eB, BIBT welt wy ES ja, ‘Snow White has black hair and a white complexion. Quis Wa B54 Wh AS Bola, “The queen gave Snow White a rad apple. Qzh= So TH Oe BS HOA, “The prinos looked at Show White with his big blue ayes. Grammar Focus When an adjective stem ending in & is added to an ending that bagins with a vowel, & is omitted. 1 When endings beginning in vowels other than —O}/04 are added to adjective stems ending in 5, 3 is omitted. GE +-(O)L — BOF neat + (2) [7 > DIOL ap 2 When endings beginning in —O}/O4 are added to adjective stems ending in 5, | isadded. & is omitted, and THRSEL + —Ol — 7a + | + OFM — ahold Sie! + OR — SlOF +1 + Ol — stoke 24, regular Conjugations=e T RIE a ng a z BaseForm ft, | a (0) Ae) /e -oYoia dla | ~SvOIM ie sae mHRCH a Br ol | Pecan paste mae | DOs iat TONS | MNBLOIS | 70H | cl sad | obeys SBSUC) SBR =e | EE sale | satoie | ala SIC} ee | tobebue ZSUC] HZ | MERE mE sera aetole | meta watz | ne waeue) wz wet gz! wie wale | wri Ht Nagaucl 3 ‘i ae | soe _ tobe white aigauct| sig | slop aier Stok ors ai [tobe wetis (TMOUE!) OFZ | ola | oIR ola olsois.| ol | ager | 5 tovemetna EAU 382 Fae aM ae AMIE | aa Sct Ee robetierae "BOUE] HA eRe! | Hiel | MH | Misti | Al ofaict | tobehow OIMSLIC oR OIE oft oft | ofsgots2 | OCH to be like what | I i Although the stems of C+ (to be good), Br} (many), 'sC} (to bear, to give birth to}, and ZC} (to put in, to insert) etc. end in 3, they are conjugated regularly. fa ee 35 3 yt ey. fe -oyoin) ge | 01/01 1 Look! The autumn sky is really blue, 8 The sky is blue, and the clouds are white, just like 2 painting A S=o] Lo} may Aupa, A Your face has tanned realy row (lack) B 7} ofp] Zh} op Tea. 8 That's because | went to the beach during vacation.A DFA EZ 22 Bayt eA) ‘A Do you know who that boy wearing the biue T-shirt is? ova? BY, Al Sse a, Bal Noa? Yes, that’s my litle brother. Are you interested in him? ‘When the stems of 0|SCh TBICh, MICH, and C1SCf are added to endings that begin with ~0}/04, they conjugate to 0[24, “af, 724, and Of04 instead of 04, “a4, Xi, and Of + IMP O10? (x) — SBUI7t O1GHS? (0) How ie the woathor? ZICH IBUO}S. (x) — OF! t= 2b ZICH AROFD. (0) Ere said tome, “Vm net going.” A SA] ele AZ} etal a? B 4), 217] AGE WE ARPOAB, (each He)ire Aw AZ} Se Be] ull 2 ope. Boa. Ae Bae] . (ezch oR A 20] Ho] MUA! BY), = Haze AN] . IRE) oH Az Aol, 7a 4) 2) HRY. B Yl, 2S Hel7} FO] 12, (orwch 2)ele A ANS SOVSHL? (orstch eis BAS ALS SOvA, (watch HO) fe 24, Ireguiar Conjugations | 34%E77} B14) ee] HBO, = A mosquito bit me, s0 my eye became swollen, Aol Avs} 2a, Ae Yat Ajola, | put coffee, cream, and sugar in the cup and stirit all together. Fk Lo] F Yopa? Which outfit is better? Grammar Focus For a few verb and adjective stems that end in A, A is omitted when added to an ending that begins. with a vowel eet O12 — 01012 aytt 8 ole — zB Ale ojoi2 | ojgioie oli ols Sch | Dtobecured | “SLC ital Loa Ugo2 Lrobd uyom fo be better xt ® to swell euch | a Hoa | Bg012 = HOLY tO @ to pour @ € sto draw (a line) | want gee | ae | oie | age | soi = 081 | act % ie |_ te sti, to whip RSUCE | Aa | Mo | ARR | Aol = ee | act | | toname, to build, §— S4SL[Ct ain | xjoj2 | xigici@ | xlory loot Although the stems of 4IC} (to take off, cf (to laugh), and 4Ict (to wash) end in 4, thay are conjugated regularly. Base Form | ~oY/oIe =81/2101@ OVO | | ac} Roa | RyoIR | ROIAI ach Moe -MBOIR | MOK | MOR: In Conversation A Of0] 018-8 7-7} 2) 901.22 A Who named your child? B Sto}u|Z|7} 2]o] #¥01 9. B His/Her grandfather named himvher. A -@7] gta? 1 id you get over your cold? BY), O14] Wao}, 8 Yes, I'm fine now. A 0] Holt: Fa3}U7} Ho] ol] 1 This word is important, so please undertne ft. Se 042, BY], Sasuch. B Okay, Lol In Korean, vowels will often combine when they meet. For example, sh{?-+019 combine to become #92. However, in the case of irregular A stems, even though vowels may meet after the + is deleted, they do. not combine. + BIC +O — FIZ (0) / MB (xc) (7B is the combined form of alc} + ~O12,) sich + OG + Lok (0) / 1132 (2) (LS is the combined form of Lic} + —o}2.) 24, Imegular Conlugations G45Change the words in parentheses to their appropriate forms as shown in the example. [of SET RIBOD? cach) ays, (1) O14) Bol] EHS Bat 2}4] She] whe] ac) RY MAL Q ANS a EAS, cach =OY/044 @) 41 SAR | FAT Mops? Ale] 2. ceey eo) fe AZ Ae EAB] AeA? cacy “2 ) YS] AS BF Rey +2)2 ( MIE] AO] epee} Bat Ho] ebpzto] y| . (set) ovo () AS SRM BA] WSS SHS Tc}, ech 2) @ 422 EAR, exch ~OL/01ai as Fo] 7 TASle| AAA. exc 49). do) AS 2] BS . (a) PerryAppendix = Good Things to Know = Answer Key = Grammar Explanations in Korean = Grammar IndexGood Things to Know 1. Demonstrative Pronouns Alpe] HAVA? AAA] FAB? AAR] AWA? ‘What ie thi? ‘What is that? What is that (ver there)? Bove Aaa. BolAS 7reedct. BARS Alach This is @ pene That's a bog, That's a clock: When indicating an object or location, O|/=2/%1_ is used in front of the noun representing it. Of these, | is used when the noun is close to the speaker, “1 is used when it is close to the listener, and #4 is used when itis located away from both the speaker and listener. : Away from Both Close to Speaker | Close to Listener ‘Speaker and Listener Thing olzt ax HA Person | Atet/0] AAB/AE AY ARYA Place Ol (c47/) aR AD AR (A?!) When the particle 0| is added to 0/24, 124, and 7424, the result is 0/240], 2240], and 74240] However, in conversation these forms are contracted to 074], 17], and X11. The particles 2 and are also contracted in the same way. O10] — Ol) OWE — olz4 oe — ol Hol — 21) alae are Si = 11 HAO! — X12) HAZ — Ki we — Me A Old Foi)? Whats this? BOW Rojoys, This is a Hlowar AUR 718, O14 OG Foja? F's too big. | can't eat this, (Hovis one to eat this?) BY AAI OU 7} Me Sale, ‘Then eat that one (over there} because it's smaller. 346Demonstrative pronouns are also used to refer to something already mentioned in a particular context. ofa) SAE A101 718, ‘Yesterday, | went to Namdaemun Market (¢Namdaemun Market) ANF ol dl aS VOL | met Dane last weak. BS o> Alagoa, He (that person was very kind, a) (= Dane) 2. Temporal Adverbs OFA] (nop yer, stn / ©]] atroady (reviousy) / "34 already (s0 soon) © OFF} (not) yet, still, only (1) OFS ingicates that more time must pass before something can happen or some state can be reached. It is used together with negative expressions. AT AML? Have you eaten yet? BOA, OF] oF Iglo12, No, haven't eaten yet (2) OF can also indicate that something or some state still continues without ending. A a Uh HOLL? Did you finish your homework? 8 OFA, OF] 151 901.0, No, im sl dln it. Just se more and ibe done. 2a of sel Bug, Nae Lost Indicates something thet has completely finished or aoe Sooner hen expected And 7h QBS #4 o1e78? Axi4ol 9] viz Aoi 22 Do you think we en ee the mov we go now? \What do you watt et for ier? BoA, Az 6:40%11.2, BAY agteda, ojo] $2910.47} 94) aN Ach, "e eter dna. Nos 60 ow Wa atmady colt, soles anette |p 5,}e)cf eh o}sio}09 ‘a ess It's 5:00, and you've already eaten?ad abe aust A124) 215 eF0f glo]? Wik to mest with Dane she in Kora now? BOfo| moe Hytoa, He's areacy let frtne US, (ane has gone to the U.S., and thus there is no way to ‘meat him ven if one wantad ta) AAS WUT Bee] 215 BHO] Yorn? 16 lke to met wth Dane. is he in Korea now? Batre wlszoe Wyola, He let forthe US. last week, ABU SFO} 22? Hos oan fot? (Dane oh forthe US. sooner than expacte) AVE trantynow / 1A trom now / 2 racontty The precise moment whan the speaker is speaking ‘Can mean ‘nov buthas a sense of separation tom the past and includes a sense of from now! Ale stn Qo} 2? ‘What are you cong ight) now? Behe x glola, eerea ori Can be used with the present progressive form of verbs —Z1 QICf +X SPST YOR, (0) am adr naw + (2 Olgio] Ht 2S sta QCD At, Xi QBHAICE (><) A Ola = Aletel] gt zt AIA. | won't go to that restaurant anymore fram row or) BAL? ZA] we] Go}.A? Wy? tothe ood not good? cannot be used withthe present progeassive form of verbs —Z QICf + Of BSD UHL. (x) + (SB olgie] CE AB st tch7p) Xt, O|n|| SIFIAICE (0) (Ater derg sorting uvelated to ones werk) Otay, as goto work, 2B recently 2% refers to the period of time beginning a short time ago until the present. A SB BAA? BU, 43 Zale. Have you been tred recently? “Yes, (ve beon) atl tired A BH OH BOAT} QO] HAo|O|.A? What's been the poruar hairstyle ecerty? BAe Hola, Bobibad hal is popular: THAl test / 171 a white ago / 4-0) tater / ©|U}7} ina tittle white @ HA first 21R| refers to something being frst in temporal order. A Ute} M), Aa) eh Beja? Natalie, aren't you geng te have lunch? B AL 21F Go] GOU7} BIA EAA, Please eat rat because have something o take care ot. A U2 AE zo1a? Dig Min leave? B Ul, Fo] Slo} 4] Bia Zola, ‘Yes, he loft ist} because he has to mast somebody. © O}7t awhile ago OHI refers to a time just before the present that is within the same day; cartier, Aa Bola? Have you sen Dana? B Opt AZo] HS 7] WOLD, | saw him going to the ltorary @ whi A OFM AshepoV e1Ab8t AHe] a. Who was that person who greetad (you‘us) earlier al the coffee shop? B opohie uf] Fuyaa, Helshe’s one of my younger classmistes ftom undergraduate school. ‘After some time has passed and after one has ‘inished doing some other task. The range of time Satire ees ean be within the same day or sometime in the “futue. A Di BR Ba} DIOL? AYR? Bx, 2G BSH 4 Sola? Je you ng o 90 S60. meri ody”? Hata? Done, can you talk 03"? BS, Olapt & Alek. B uichena, 2] HM 7} LB! BaHsh|2., Yeah, in tite whi ‘Som Im buy rt, 30 cal you lt A 2 ELGHol] SEP AD BVA 989 {10 you coming to ts esting today? ‘re ou coming to ha meting today? Buf, Olt V8 BOHM, K 7A, $2) LESOH gy, Yes. See you in ite wri. No can't attong, Lots meat up later (They vil meet ater today ater some tima has passecs) | (twon't belater today, but they wll mest sometime in {he ft alter some ime has pessed) Adal SES Ae] A? ‘When wil you get marec? 8 Ott BES Aaa. (x) Appendix_—/_ © ot x ola} Usoal eee trou Irae wile 7 tater wa: caHILt AA ~R| Ch Si ~A| RICH BT AAU aways / ZF often / 7 HE sometimes. AlQ| ~A) SE} haray / LE] ~Z1 BEF never ‘& (BY - CUMIL!), AHS, and 71 are used in positive sentences while = and Tél are used in negative sentences. + ALS Wel Ho] SSa, SIAL) SHA, I exercise every day in the morning. | abways exercise + AE UFUS] ae SSA, A SSA, | exercise tour times @ week. I exercise often + AS UFol TU SEHR, 7B SEAR, | exorcise once @ week. I sometimes exercise. + AE Ue] HM SEA, A] SES 3}7] Qol.a, | exorese once & month. | herly ever exercise + AS RES Gola, Ha FS a4] gopa, | don’ kato exercise. I never exerese,4. Connective Adverbs @ 2|z and alZt's used when incleating that two sentences form a ist or series or thatthe two sentences are in temporal order. it means ‘and”in Engi + 39 ae Balsa, 4alD alma, Hayeong is thin. And she's prety + StS Fg, Dela ate Sopa, |itkeasetbal, And | ke s000er 00, + elo Je Uhdoia, aaln Zo] BSS Boia, | mat 2nd on he wookond. And wa saw a movie togethar ALS ZI3E however LBIZIEE is used wien the content of the first sentanca is in contrast with that of the second sentence. It means 'however' or ‘but’ in English. Both &}XI2H and “L2iL also have the same meaning, but 8X12 is used mainly in colloquial speech while “12{Lt is used mainly in the written, Iterary style. + Bat Ae Ae AOA, BAIR AE He Bt AtPOloy A, Yok is Japanese, Heswever Jasin is Korean + AOL Fels aU eh, eILy 971 ota) GUS. Karen er om Engsh Howe notion + WE Solas, Salah pS & Soha. "he to ea et. dee vata, ® —LeHAT so, that is why 2H is used when the first sentence is the reason or cause for the result described in the second sentence, It means ‘{and) 60! or ‘that is why’ in English A ole) oa? Wher eae that? B ofA] SS Pe] =pdol a, Salad Fe]7} obs}, | drank aot of eoohol at right. So my hea Puts ‘AppendixASH AE SE ER? Why aren't we moving (whe traveling inthis cant? B Fulolo.s, AHA Zo] yaya, It tha wasn and so thare's alt of trac + 93 Abe, Tain Dake RAAT. va foreignay, sa that's why lant peak Koroan, © 12} 7H therefore, for that reason 12{L17t is used when the first sentence is the inevitable or natural reason for the second sentence. It means ‘therefore’ in English. Normally, #117 is followed oy {2)A|s2, (2) AICH, -O1/O1OF Stch, or-(2)= JIE. + SIE 98, TAIL PALS 7}AH7t A, Ite ing. Thai ou haut) ake an urea with yo, + 0] B81 alelglol®, TALIM CHE ASKS Ae, Tsmoves sing So rt ec lt we arnt oe + PS dlabeol Qlefsiar glo}, els as S|atoi) aaieial eshelal stat Ao}, aa see aaa] SPE a, Trent iseeralroarirboray Art ranted te Krom copay and We bier Tn Ors yuncrd prt na Kaman gee. AAS, Pe] 2}7} eal BAS cba? (ss We wo Ukr eu inne nc? 8 4537} YOR, aL HAS cop aa, ‘The car broke down, s0tharefore we have to take the bus, @ LE] A then, in that case ‘“22{BA indicates that the first sentence is the premise or assumption behind the second sentence. It ‘means ‘Then’ or ‘in that case’ in English. in colloquial speech, the contracted form of “Leis used often in place of 24H. A BANA, 7b he, Irs lunehtins te hung. B eH (=) do] Algol 74 AARP? In that case, shall we go to a restawant and cat together? A G3es Paz aoja, Iwartto be 208 speak Korean wel BYR? AM BS APS AHS. Rally? Then you shoud maka soma Koraan fends

Korean Grammar in Use For Beginners

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