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Practical - 1 PDF
1 3 2
1. Find the inverse of a matrix A 3 3 1 by using elementary row operations and hence solve the
2 1 0
system of equations x 3y 2z 2, 3x 3y z 0, 2x y 3
1 3 2
Sol. A 3 3 1 1 0 1 3 0 2 2 3 6 ]
2 1 0
1 6 6 1 0
1
A is a non-singular matrix. Hence A exists.
By definition A.A 1 I
1 3 2 1 0 0
3 3 1 A 1 0 1 0
2 1 0 0 0 1
By R 2 3R 1 , R 3 2R1
1 3 2 1 0 0
0 6 5 A 1 3 1 0
0 5 4 2 0 1
By R 2 R 3
1 3 2 1 0 0
0 1 1 A 1 1 1 1
0 5 4 2 0 1
By R1 3R 2 and R 3 5R 2
1 0 1 2 3 3
0 1 1 A 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 3 5 6
By R1 R 3 and R 2 R 3
1 0 0 1 2 3
0 1 0 A 1 2 4 5
0 0 1 3 5 6
By 1 R 2
1 0 0 1 2 3
0 1 0 A 1 2 4 5
0 0 1 3 5 6
1 2 3
A 2 4 5
1
3 5 6
The given system of linear equations can be written in the matrix form as A.X B , where
1 3 2 x 2
A 3 3 1 , X y , B 0
2 1 0 z 3
Since A.X B
A 1 AX A 1.B X A 1B
x 1 2 3 2 2 0 9 7
y 2 4 5 0 4 0 15 11
z 3 5 6 3 6 0 18 12
On equating corresponding elements, we get
x 7, y 11, z 12
1 2 3
2. Find the inverse of a matrix A 1 1 5 by using elementary row operations and hence solve the
2 4 7
system of equations x 2y 3z 6 , x y 5z 7, 2x 4y 7z 13
1 2 3
Sol. A 1 1 5 1 7 20 2 7 10 3 4 2
2 4 7
13 6 6 1 0
A is a non singular matrix. Hence A 1 exists
by definition of inverse A.A 1 I
1 2 3 1 0 0
1 1 5 A 0 1 0
1
2 4 7 0 0 1
By R 2 R1 , R 3 2R 1 we get
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 2 A 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 2 0 1
By 1 R 2
1 2 3 1 0 0
0 1 2 A 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 2 0 1
By R1 2R 2
1 0 7 1 2 0
0 1 2 A 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 2 0 1
By R1 7R 3 , R 2 2R 3
1 0 0 13 2 7
0 1 0 A 1 3 1 2
0 0 1 2 0 1
13 2 7
A 3 1 2
1
2 0 1
The given system of linear equations can be written in the matrix form as A.X B , where
1 2 3 x 6
A 1 1 5 , X y , B 7
2 4 7 z 13
Since A.X B A 1 AX A 1B
X A 1B
x 13 2 7 6 78 14 91 1
y 3 1 2 7 18 7 26 1
z 2 0 1 13 12 0 13 1
On equating corresponding elements, we get
x 1, y 1, z 1
3. The cost of 4 dozen pencils, 3 dozen pens and 2 dozen erasers is Rs.60. The cost of 2 dozen pencils, 4
dozen pens and 6 dozens erasers is Rs. 90. and the cost of 6 dozen pencils, 2 dozen pens and 3 dozen
erasers is Rs. 70. Find the cost of each item per dozen, using elementary row transformations on matrix,
use inversion method .
Sol. Let the cost of one dozen of pencils, one dozen of pens and one dozen of erasers by x, y, z rupees
respectively.
Linear equations in x, y, z are 4x 3y 2z 60.............................. 1
2x 4y 6z 90 i.e. x 2y 3z 45..................................... 2
and 6x 2y 3z 70.......................................... 3
which can be written in matrix form as A.X B
4 3 2 x 60
where A 1 2 3 , X y , B 45
6 2 3 z 70
4 3 2
A 1 2 3 4 6 6 3 3 18 2 2 12
6 2 3
0 45 20 25 0
A is a non-singular matrix. Hence A 1 exists.
By definition of inverse A.A 1 I
4 3 2 1 0 0
1 2 3 .A 1 0 1 0
6 2 3 0 0 1
By R 1 R 2
1 2 3 0 1 0
4 3 2 .A 1 1 0 0
6 2 3 0 0 1
By R 2 4R 1 and R 3 6R 1
1 2 3 0 1 0
0 5 10 .A 1 1 4 0
0 10 15 0 6 1
1 1
By R 2 and R 3 we get
5 5
1 2 3 0 1 0
0 1 2 .A 1 1 5 4 5 0
0 2 3 0 6 5 1 5
By R1 2R 2 and R 3 2R 2
1 0 1 2 5 3 5 0
0 1 2 A 1 1 5 4 5 0
0 0 1 2 5 2 5 1 5
By 1 R 3
1 0 1 2 5 3 5 0
0 1 2 A 1 1 5 4 5 0
0 0 1 2 5 2 5 1 5
By R1 R 3 and R 2 2R 3
1 0 0 0 1 5 1 5
0 1 0 A 1 3 5 0 2 5
0 0 1 2 5 2 5 1 5
0 1 5 1 5 0 1 1
1
A 1 3 5 0 2 5 3 0 2
5
2 5 2 5 1 5 2 2 1
Since A.X B X A 1B
x 0 1 1 60
1
y 3 0 2 45
5
z 2 2 1 70
0 45 70 25 5
1 1
180 0 140 40 8
5 5
120 90 70 40 8
By definition of an equality of matrix
x 5, y 8, z 8