Data Types in SQL SERVER:

Data Type means the type of data which users provided to a specific column
In SQL Server 2 types of data types available which includes

1. System Defined Data Types

2. User Defined Data Types.

System Defined Data Types:

SQL Server already contains some data types called System Defined data types
or Predefined Data types or Built-in Data types. System Defined Data Types again
categorized into 4 types

a. Numeric Data types

b. String Data types
c. Date Time Data types
d. Special Data types

Numeric Data types:

These Data types are used to provide numeric information for the columns, these
includes

Data Type Size

BIT 0 or 1
TINYINT 1 BYTE
SMALLINT 2 BYTES
* INT 4BYTES
BIGINT 8BYTES
REAL 4BYTES
FLOAT 8BYTES
DECIMAL (P, S) 5-17 BYTES

TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT are called Exact Numerics where as REAL,
FLOAT are called Approximate Numerics.
String Data types:

These Data types are used to provide character information for the columns, these
includes

Data Type Size

CHAR [(N)] 1BYTE

* VARCHAR [(N)] 1BYTE
TEXT 16BYTES
VARCHAR(MAX) 16 GB

CHAR [(N)]: It is a fixed length data type, which occupies by default 1 byte memory.
When we N value then it occupies N bytes of memory where N is an integer. It follows
Static memory allocation process.

VARCHAR [(N)]: It is a variable length data type, which occupies by default 1 byte
memory. When we N value then it occupies N bytes of memory where N is an integer. It
follows dynamic memory allocation process.

Note : The Maximum limit for N is 8000,if it is more than 8000 characters we will use
TEXT or VARCHAR(MAX)

Date Time Data Type:

These data types are used to provide date oriented information to the columns,
these includes

Data Type Size Range

SMALLDATETIME 2 BYTES 1900-01-01 TO 2079-06-06

* DATETIME 4BYTES 1753-01-01 TO 9999-12-31

Special Data types:

These data types are used to provide miscellaneous information to the columns, these
includes

Data Type Size

SMALLMONEY 4 BYTE
* MONEY 8 BYTES
IMAGE 16 BYTES
VARBINARY (MAX)Unlimited
 1. SQL_VARIANT
1. Binary Data types: These stores binary values of a given string in ordered to hide
the original string values.

Data Type Size

BINARY [(N)] 1BYTE

* VARBINARY [(N)] 1BYTE

2. Unicode Data types: These Data types are used to store Unicode information,
these includes

Data Type Size

NCHAR [(N)] 2BYTE

* NVARCHAR [(N)] 2BYTE
NTEXT 16BYTES
II. User Defined Data Types:

When user create a data type then that data type is called user defined data type

Syntax:

CREATE TYPE USER_DEFINED_DATATYPE FROM SYS_DEFINED_DATATYPE

Ex:

CREATE TYPE MYINT FROM INT

CREATE TYPE MYFLOAT FROM FLOAT
CREATE TYPE CASH FROM MONEY