LP 1+2 SEM I

Alopecia=baldness
Candida( of the oral cavity)=thrush - afta
Dyspepsia=indigestion=upset stomach
Hemorrhoids=piles
Herpes zoster=shingles – zona zoster
Edema=swelling
Rubella=german measles - pojarel
Urticaria= heat spots= nettle rash= hives
Arteriosclerosis=hardening of the arteries
Stenosis=narrowing
Cerebral palsy=(to be) spastic=spastic paralysis
Eructation=belching - ragaiala
Halitosis=bad breath - halena
Infectious mononucleosis=glandular fever=kissing disease
Poliomyelitis=polio
Rubeola= morbilli=measles – pojar → morbillus - pustula
Varicella=chickenpox – varsat de vant
Bursitis=housemaid’s knee
Cerebral infarction/bleeding=stroke = CVA
Flatulence=wind
Herpes simplex=cold sore
Myocardial infarction=heart attack
Cardiac arrest= cardiac stop
Failure = insuficienta
Pyrosis=heartburn – arsuri gastrice
Tendonitis=tennis elbow
Verrucae=warts - negi
Chiropodist=podiatrist=foot doctor
Physiotherapist=physical therapist
Ear-nose-throat specialist (ENT)=orelist=otolaryngologist
Bed-ridden=confined to bed=immobilized to bed
Bedspread=bedcover-cuvertura
To gain weight=to put on weight ≠ to lose weight
Sight=vision → vision problems=eye problems
Edge=limit=margin=border
To feint=to mislead- a fenta
Lumber=wood – cherestea, lemn
Lumbar puncture=lumbar tap
Swab=pad
Myositis- inflammation of the muscles
Myalgia – muscle pain
Disease=affliction=sickness=illness – to be afflicted with
Cough = tussis
Whooping cough=pertussis
Infectious=catchy=communicable=communicative=transmissible=contagious
Plain language= to use layman terms- termini nespecializati
Result = outcome
Diagnosis (subst) – diagnostic (adj) – to diagnose (vb)=to make a diagnosis
Mumps=infectious parotitis – oreion
Smallpox=variola
Sequelae= the long-term results of an illness or treatment
Differential diagnosis= identifying several illnesses which the patient may have
Symptoms= what the patient complains of
Signs=what the doctor sees
Examination= study of the patient’s body
Etiology=cause
Prevention=prophylaxis
Medical history = patient’s medical background, problmes, behavior and lifestyle
Porter-persoana ce sta la intrarea unei institutii
Orderly-brancardier
Speech therapist-logoped
To dispense-eliberarea medicamentelor fara reteta
To fill the prescription-eliberarea medicamentelor cu reteta
Occupational medicine-medicina muncii; occupational specialist-specialist in medicina muncii
Occupational hazard-risc professional
Crutch-carja
Drip stand-perfuzor
Monkey pole-helps the pacient to get up from bed
Hoist-scripete
Bedpan=plosca
A general practitioner refers his patient to a specialist- letter of referral
The Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery=FMAM
Swab – tampon pentru stergerea sangelui
Slob – natarau, natang / grasan, durduliu
To tick – a bifa (vb) ; capusa (subst)
Cuff- manson
air-borne particle
to be on call – de garda
on call schedule
cannula – branula
probe- sonda
pit-groapa
to soar-a creste
sore – a durea (vb)
- sore throat = gat inflamat (adj)
- leziune, rana (subst)
Trolley-pat mobil de regula in interiorul spitalului=gurney(targa mobile pliabila de obicei pe
ambulanta) si in plus stretcher- fara roti
to be on duty≠to be off duty
normal≠abnormal

Disorders of the Respiratory Tract

To extand=to enlarge
Expansion=widening=dilatation
dilatation≠narrowing, constriction
allergist NOT allergologist
neuropathy-disorders of the nervous system
epidemic=outbreak
pandemic-the whole population is affected
bronch(o)-the combinatory form for bronchus
appearance=ocurrance
fever=pyrexia
weakness=fatigue=tiredness=debility-stare de slabiciune
to weaken=to debilitate
result=outcome
hemo-/hemato-= the combinatory form from blood
sputum=phlegm=expectoration
saliva=spit
hist(o) – the combinatory form for tissue
to inflame=to swell → inflammation=swelling
wheezing – respiratie suierata
bluish discoloration = cyanosis
to block=to obstruct → blockage=obstruction
bronchitis – bronsita
bronchiectasis – bronsiectazie
layer=stratum
for fluids we use to accumulate
pus – puroi → pyo- : to discharge puss-a supura
empyema = acumulare de puroi intr-o cavitate a organismului
hydro- = combinatory form for fluids
steadily=constantly
squamous-it resembles scale
croup – pneumonie crupoasa
barking cough – tuse ragusita
chills = rigors
myalgia=muscle pain
emphysema
polyps=adenoids
bronchoscope-it examines the tracheobronchial passageway
hypoxemia- insufficient oxygen in the blood ≠hyperxemia
wheeze – whistling sound caused by narrowing of the respiratory passageway
antitussive – drug which relieves cough
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) = crib death
acidosis
asthma - characterized by dyspnea and wheezing
croup – characterized by barking cough, difficlut breathing and laryngeal spasm
nasal septum
bronchospasm
epistaxis=nosebleed
hilum=depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter = hilus
sinus – cavity or channel
hypoventilation≠hyperventilation
pneumothorax
pleurisy=pleuritis=inflammation of the pleura
tuberculosis
dyspnea=air hunger=difficult breathing
pneumonia=pneumonitis
influenza = the flu
asphyxia=suffocation
rhinoplasty=plastic repair of the nose
adenotome=instrument for removing adenoids
rhinorrhea=nasal discharge≠nasal congestion or nasal stuffiness
septum=partition
aspiration=accidental inhalation of foreign material
anoxic=lacking oxygen
atelectasis=incomplete exapansion of lung tissue
brochostenosis=constriction of a bronchus
aphonia=lack of voice
rale=abnormal chest sound
bronchogenic=originating in a bronchus
apnea=absence of breathing
glottis=opening between the vocal vords
alveolus=air sac=air pocket
upright position
hypocapnic=deficiency of carbon dioxide≠hypercapnic

The Hospital

To hospitalize
To admit a patient to a hospital≠to discharge a patient from a hospital → admission of the
patient≠discharge of the patient
Staff=personnel
Hospitalization=patient stay
Provision=supply
Shrine-altar, sanctuary
The patient undergoes surgery
The doctor performs/does surgery=the doctor operates on a patient
Anesthetist – anesthesiologist – the specialist
- the nurse – nurse anesthetist
Deity-zeitate
Surgery – operation
- specialty
- ca sala de operatie
Operating room (O.R.) = operating theatre
Widespread≠localised (a tumor for example) or ≠restricted, isolated
Similar=alike
Obsolete meaning
Dorm =hostel - camin
Endowment – provizii, dotari
Leporcy – lepra
To have a medical insurance= to be medically insured=to be covered by medical insurance
Unit – sectie
Ongoing=continuous
Partition-paravan
Ward-salon
Individual room=private room – rezerva
To run=to operate a hospital
Inpatient=hospitalized patient ≠ outpatient= ambulatory patient
Medical facility – centru/oficiu medical
To be set up=to be founded
Emergency department (ED)=emergency room
Casualty – victim
To sustain casualties – a suferi daune/pierderi
Appointment = call
Prior=previous
Bed sore=pressure sore=hospital gangrene=pressure gangrene or pressure ulcer=nosocomial
gangrene=decubitus ulcer/gangrene – escara
To assay=to test=to examine
First degree burn
Attending doctor- medic currant
Private practice=medical office- cabinet medical
Eye doctor=ophthalmologist
Coma patient=comatose patient → to be in a coma/ to be in a state of coma
Carcinoma → onco - → oncologist, oncology
OBGYN = obstetrician + gynecologist
Heart attack = myocardial infarction; cardio- for the heart
Condition=disease; state
a- → lack of sth, absence of sth
intensive care unit – ICU
specialist – medic specialist
senior specialist=senior physician – medic primar
medical facility – unitate medicala
dentist – deals with caries=cavities; plomba- tooth feeling; to fill a cavity- a plomba
stomatologist – deals with diseases of the oarl cavity
thrush = candida- afta
The Faculty of Dentistry
Dermatologist=skin doctor
Physical therapist = physiotherapist
Dispensary – partea din fata a farmaciei
Medical record – fisa medicala
Nosocomial infection = hospital-acquired infection – infectie nozocomiala/intraspitaliceasca
Hospital administrator – director de spital
To administrate a hospital and to administer a drug
Hospital admission – internare; admittance- intrare
Medical/hospital care – ingriire medicala
Observations chart=medical chart- foaie de observatie
Children’s hospital- spital de copii
Hospital/hospitalization costs
Dental hospital
Hospital doctor/physician/practitioner
Hospital equipment
General hospital – spital general
Hemodialysis unit- unitate de dializa
Hospital laundry – lenjerie de spital
Hospital management- conducerea spitalului
Maternity hospital
Mental/psychiatric hospital
Hospital mortality →mortality rate
Military hospital
Hospital nurse and hospital orderly
Medical personnel=medical staff
State/public/government hospital – spital de stat ≠ private/proprietary hospital
Hospital records – arhiva spitalului
Hospital setting – mediu medical
Medical/hospital stay – perioada de internare
Teaching hospital – spital clinic
University hospital – spital universitar
Stagiu – hospital training
Hospital wastes
Hospital worker
To deal with = to handle
Social skills=people skills=bedside manners
Skilled – calificat, instruit; skillful- talentat ≠ skilless
Self-indulgent – delasator, comod
Required subject ≠elective subject
Undergraduate education/training – studii de licenta → undergraduate student
Postgraduate education – studii de doctorat
Curriculum – plan de invatamant
Syllabus – programa analitica
Licentiate diploma
To be licensed to – a fi acreditat sa
To rotate – in cadrul rezidentiatului
Malpractice
Disorders of bones and joints

Bone = os (ossa – pl) → adj:osseous, bony, osteal

→ forme combinatorii : osteo-, ossi-
→ ossical =os mic : auditory ossicals
Joint=articulation
Muscle → muscular-adj
→ myo-
→ myocitis, muscle tone, atony(lack of muscle tone)
Orthopedist=orthopedic surgeon → orthopedics
Orthodontist
LASER – light amplification by stimulation of emission of radiation
Ex-rays
Infection → infectious≠noninfectious
Inflammation → inflammatory ≠noninflammatory/ anti-inflammatory (medicament
antiinflamator): NSAID= nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Tuberculous spondylitis= Pott’s disease
Simple/closed fracture ≠ open/compound fracture when the bone punctures/pearces the skin
Split – atela
Splinter-aschie
Osteoporosis → brittle bones
Bone mass – masa osoasa
Proneness – predispozitie
To bear – a suporta (bore, born)
Intake – aport
Disuse, overuse, misuse
Cast – ghips
Rickets – rahitism
Osteogenic sarcoma=osteosarcoma
Amputation → amputee
Arthritis → arthritidis la pl
Degenerative joint disease (DJD)=osteoarthritis
Wear-and-tear
Stenosis → stenotic
Loose (liber, desfacut,dezlegat) bowel movement= diarrhea
Analgezic=painkiller
To assuage, to mitigate, to soothe, to palliate, to alleviate to ease, to relieve pain
Systemic=general
Overgrowth – excrescenta
Gout – guta
Goiter – gusa
Ankylosis=immobility and fixation of a joint
Hernia → herniation →to herniate; concealed hernia-hernie ascunsa; herniated
disk=ruptured/slipped disk
Nucleus pulposus=central portion of an intervertebral disk
To rupture – a perfora
Cervix=neck → cervical
Sciatic nerve (sciatica)
Discectomy – removal of the disk
Spinal tap=spinal puncture=rachiocentesis
Backbone=vertebral column=spinal column=spine=rachis→rachides
Myopathy
Assay – prelevare de proba/test
Polymyositis – polimiozita
Dysphagia
LE=lupus erythematosus
Alkaline phosphatase – enzyme needed in the formation of the bone
ankylosing spondylitis=rheumatoid spondylitis
chondrosarcoma = a malignant tumor of cartilage
osteomalacia
osteomyelitis – inflammation of bone and bone marrow
Paget’s disease=osteitis deformans
Meniscectomy=removal of knee cartilage
Lordosis=curvature of the lumbar spine
Scoliosis = sideways curvature of the spine
Laminectomy = removal of part of a vertebra
Subluxation=partial dislocation
Spondylolisthesis=displacement of a vertebra
Malleolus=bone projection at the ankle
Osteoclast= cells that destroys the bone
Exostosis=outgrowth of bone
Osteopenia=deficiency of bone tissue
Metacarpals=bones of the hand
Patella=kneecap
Pubis=anterior bone of the pelvis
Zygomatic=facial bone
Occipital=posterior skull bone
Tarsals=bones of the ankle
Carpals=bones of the wrist
Phalanges=bones of the fingers and toes
Aponeurosis=flat, sheetlike tendon
Ataxia=lake of muscle coordination
Torticollis=wryneck
Tetany=muscle spasm due to a metabolic imbalance
Avulsion=forcible tearing away of a part
Myokinesis=muscle movement
Myotenositis=inflammation of muscle and tendon
Dystonia=faulty muscle tone
Rhabdomyoma = muscle tumor
Rectus abdominis=muscle that runs vertically at the center of the trunk
Gluteus maximus=main muscle of the buttocks (breech=buttock)
Deltoid,triceps branchii, pectoralis major, gastrocmenius, semitendinosus

The doctor and the law

Certificate- adeverinta
Criminal offence – delict penal
Coroner- ofiter de politie judiciara
Corpse=cadaver=death body
Cremated – incinerat
Drug poisoning, food poisoning
Forensic physician- medic legist
Forensic/legal medicine- medicina legala
Autopsy=post-mortem examination
Cot- patut
To be consistent with – a se potrivi cu
To examine=to see a patient
To consult a physician
Skin=integument → integumentary, cutaneous
A check-up – control
Foster parents – parinti adoptivi; foster children
To foster- a se ingriji de copiii altora; fosterage
Compensation claim- cerere de compensatie
Seek-sought
Tidal volume – volum respirator current
Obsolete=out-dated=old-fashioned
Seldom=rarely
Litigation – cearta, conflict
To get over/ to recover from a illness
To recur=to relapse- a recidiva
Pacient on the specific unit
Tap=puncture- punctie
A fit of cough → fit=episode=seizure=attack
Head trauma=head injury
Brain concussion – comotie cerebrala
Torment – chin, suferinta
Fright – spaima
To bulid up- a se acumua
Anaphylactic shock
Autologous blood= sage de la pacientul insusi
Cannula- branula
Probe- sonda
To suppress=to inhibit
To nurse= to look after patients

Recapitulare

Air hunger=dyspnea=difficulty in breathing

Baldness=alopecia
Dyspepsia=indigestion=upset stomach
Hemorrhoids=piles
Urticaria= heat spots=hives=nettle rash
Bad breath=halitosis
Glandular fever=infectious mononucleosis=kissing disease
Warts=verrucae
Heartburn=pyrosis
Flatulence=wind
Eructation=belching=burping
Trolley=gurney
Post-mortem=autopsy
Probability=likelihood
Podiatrist=foot doctor=chiropodist
Orthopedist=orthopedic surgeon
Cardiologist=heart specialist
To rupture=to burst=to herniate
Stroke=cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
Fever=pyrexia → feverish=febriale=pyrexial
Cough=tussis
Pertussis=whooping cough
Prescription=medication order
Chickenpox=varicella
Smallpox=variolla
Cold=coryza
Hay fever=allergic rhinitis
Mumps=infectious parotitis
Measles=rubeolla
Chills=rigors
Contagious= transmissible=communicable=communicative=catchy
Bed-side manner=social skills=people’s skills
Family doctor=general practitioner=family physician
Internship=hands-on hospital training
Intern=physician in training
Resident=specialist in training
Residency=specialty training
Fellow=subspecialist
Fellowship=subspecialty
acute≠chronic
severe≠mild
likely ≠ unlikely
infectious ≠ non=infectious
lateral ≠ contralateral
indication ≠ contraindication
vomitive ≠ antivomitive
to weaken = to debilitate ≠ to strengthen
occlusion ≠malocclusion
nutrition ≠ malnutrition
regularity ≠ irregularity
to improve ≠ to worsen, to deteriorate
healthy ≠ unhealthy, sick, ill
widespread ≠ localized
normal ≠ abnormal
peripheral ≠ central
OTC ≠ prescription drugs
Pyrexial ≠ apyrexial
Interesting ≠ dull, boring, uninteresting
Inpatinet ≠ outpatient
Admit in ≠ discharge from
Stamina = endurance
ENT specialist = oto-laryngologist
Track=trace
To pass ≠ to fail
To supervise= to monitor= to oversee
Dry cough ≠ productive cough
Phlegm = sputum
Iching = pruritus
Allergy=hypersensitivity
Allergic = hypersensitive
Kidney stone = renal calculus
Depressant ≠ antidepressant
Articulation ≠ disarticulation
Malignant = cancerous ≠ benign
Deficiency = lack
To flex ≠ to extend → flexor ≠ extensor
Dysphagia ≠ difficulty in swallowing
Inflammatory ≠ anti- / noninflammatory
Physicians and medical specialties

Allergology = allergy and imunology

Allergist =imunologist

Podiatrist= foot doctor=chiropodist

Chiropractor= deals with neuromuscular skeletal disorders such as spinal problems and sporting
injuries (chiro -> hand)

Dentist -> dentistry – deals with tooth decay (caries)

 Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry !

Malocclusion = improper bite

Stomatologist – deal with diseases of oral cavity, membranes and tissues, not teeth
(thrush=afta)

Endocrinologist -> endocrinology and Metabolism

Forensic medicine = Legal medicine ->forensic specialist (doctor)

Perpetrator – faptas

Maxilla = maxillary = upper jaw

Microorganism = germ = pathogen = microbe

Subspecialty = fellowship

Radiology = nuclear medicine

Osteopathy = osteopathic medicine -> manipulation of bones and muscles

Pediatrics -> diseases and total health care of newborns, infants, children and adolescents

Infant – sugar

Toddler – copil pana la 1 an

 Childhood diseases

Pharmacologist -> deals with drugs action

Pharmacist-> ensures the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical drugs

Pulmonology = pulmonary medicine

Cause = etiology

Lung = pulmon

Physical medicine = physiotherapy

CT = computed tomography

MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Algia = dynia

Surgical specialties – non- surgical specialties

Viscus pl. viscera

Stomach = gaster

Neurosurgery = neurological surgery

ENT (Ear-Nose-and-Throat) specialty = Otorhinolaryngology

!!! EMT = Emergency Medical Technician = Paramedic

Orthopedics = orthopedic surgery

Perinatology = Maternal-fetal medicine ->subspecialty of obstetrics

Neonatology -> subspecialty of pediatrics

Relieve pain = alleviate = soothe = palliate = mitigate = calm down = ease= dull

Exhaustion = fatigue

To comfort a patient ...

Bedside manners = social skills = people skills

Layman terms

Skilled = calificat , instruit

Skillful = talentat, inzestrat

Self-indulgent = delasator, comod

To complete = a termina fara diploma

To graduate= a termina un stadiu educational cu diploma

Required subject = materie obligatorie vs Elective subject = materie optionala

Undergraduate education = studii de licenta ->undergraduate student => BA = Bachelor of Arts

(Bachelors`s Degree)

 To be licensed to practice...

Post-graduate education = doctorat -> PhD = Philosophy Doctor

Curriculum = plan de invatamant

Syllabus = programa analitica

Intern = stagiar -> internship = hands-on hospital training

To rotate = a face stagii

Resident = specialist in training

Residency = specialty-training

Internist -> internal medicine

General specialist – a physician who treats all medical problems rather than specializing. Many
GP`s have completed a residency in family practice.

Benign – malignant

Congenital = present at birth

Rounds = doctors` visits to hospitalized patients

Medical students = externs

Externs ---> Interns ---> Residents

Rely on ->reliance on sb

Task = chore = duty

Paramedical personnel = allied health personnel

Registered nurses = asistente calificate (cu facultate)

Licensed practical nurses = asistente cu post-liceala

 Attend a patient...
 Attend on a pacient`s needs

Vocational = occupational school = postliceala

Nursing home = sanatoriu

 To be trained on the job = a fi instruit la locul de munca

Dialysis -> hemodialysis machine

Ren =kidney pl. renes

Cleanse = purify

Contrast medium (media) = substanta de contrast

Sew- sewed –sewn = a coase

Sue = a da in judecata

CVA = cerebral infarction = stroke= cerebrovascular accident

Overcome = get over

Disabled patient = immobilized patient = invalid patient

Respirator mask = gas mask = masca de oxigen

Paramedics (EMT) vs. paramedical personnel (nurses, nurses` aids, orderly – brancardier,
radiologic technicians ) !!!

To deliver / perform / administer CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) to a patient = to

resuscitate

Cardiac arrest = cardiac failure = myocardial infarction

Naprapathy -> naprapath – deals with the manipulation of joints, muscles and ligaments –
disorders of the connective tissue.

Stiff = rigid neck

Osteitis = inflammation of the bone

Arthrititis = inflammation of an articulation

Spin – spun – spun = a centrifuga

Syncope = faint = loss of consciousness

To amputate = to sever

Difficulty with speaking= impaired speech

Difficulty with seeing = impaired vision

Coughing blood = hemoptysis (expectoration of blood-streaked sputum)

Fever = pyrexia -> pyretic = feverish ; febrile

TB= Tuberculosis

Mucoviscidosis = cystic fibrosis

Catarrh = guturai

Sore =rana, inflamatie

=necajit, mahnit, iritat

 Sore throat
 Bed-sore=pressure sore= escara
 cold sore= herpes
 eye sore = urcior

Slight =mild

Cerebral
palsy=A disorder usually caused by brain damage occurring at or before birth and marked by m
uscular impairment. Oftenaccompanied by poor coordination, it sometimes involves speech an
d learning difficulties.

AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Gastroenteritis= inflammation of the membrane lining the stomach and the intestines

Speak in a whisper= a vorbi in soapta

Disease and treatments

Ailment = durere usoara

Visual – loss

-impairement

Dreaded = feared

Epidemic = outbreak

Pandemic=an epidemic of unusually large proportions, affecting most of the inhabitants of a cer
tain area at the same time

Relapse = recurrence = recidiva

 The course of the disease is...

Succumb to an illness = a muri dintr-o boala

 Hypersusceptibility

Unhealthy = insalubru

Affliction = suffering

Heart throb ->rhythmic throbbing =pulsation= beating --> to measure/ check/ fill the pulse

Atherosclerosis = hardening of the arteries

Shortness of breath = air hunger = dyspnea

Eupnea = normal breathing

To nauseate = a ii fi greata -> nausea=greata

Aneurism=a disease of the artery wall that causes a localized dilatation of the artery and a pulsa
ting tumor.

Overexertion = suprasolicitare, surmenaj

Tablet= pill

Transplant : donor vs. recipient

Flap = lambou (bucată de carne sau de piele care se conservă la amputații pentru a acoperi
scheletul și părțile osoase sau pentru a fi grefată în altă parte a corpului)
  To bring the pressure down to within normal limitis

Osseus= bony= osteal

Breast cf. – mamo -> mamography

-masto -> mastectomy

Uterus = matrix = womb -> cf. - hystero

Discharge =drainage = scurgere

Hoarseness = raguseala

Infectious = communicative = communicable = transmissible = catchy

Stiffness = rigidity

Cancellous = spongious = spongy = porous

Brittle -> brittleness

Eye drops = eye instillation

To swell = to inflame -> inflammation

To tangle = a se incurca

Rash = eruption = eructation

Urticaria = hives = nettle rash

Hay fever = rhinitis

Smallpox = variola

Chicken pox = varicella – varsat de vant

Measles = rubeolla

!!! German Measles = rubella

Pruritus = itching

Mumps = infectious parotitis = oreion

Above the weather = a fi indraznet

Loose = large

Hemorrhoids = piles

Sprained ankle = luxatie de glezna

Muscle strain = intindere musculara

Ragweed = rugina (planta)

Rust = rugina

Calf = gamba

Calf bone = fibula

Shin bone = tibia

Cardiac arrest = cardiac stop

Glandular fever = infectious mononucleosis = kissing disease

Rigors = chills -> to shiver with cold

Acquired immunity vs. Innate = natural immunity

To catch = pick up a disease

Endogenous vs. exogenous

Cancer – unrestrained growth of abnormal cells.

 Carcinoma – originates from the surface cells of he skin or the linings of the internal
organs
 Sarcoma – attacks the muscles, bones, tendons, cartilage, fat, blood vessels, lymph
system or connective tissue
 Leukemia – afflicts the blood-forming cells

Angina pectoris = pain in the mid-chest that sometimes radiates to the shoulder, left arm, jaw
or abdomen

Atrophy = a wasting away due to lack of nutrition or use

To atrophy = waste away

Cessation = stop
Infarction = the death of tissue in an organ following the cessation of blood supply.

Thrombus = (blood) clot

Paralysis = temporary or permanent loss of function, especially sensation or voluntary motion

Paralytic stroke = sudden onset of paralysis caused by an injury to the brain or spinal cord

Heart failure - the heart cannot maintain adequate circulation of the blood

Fatal = lethal = deadly = resulting in death

(Percutaneous Transluminal) Angioplasty (PTA) = a technique for expanding a narrowed artery

by inserting a balloon catheter (flexible tube)

Dormant=inactive=latent vs. active

Veneral disease = sexually transmitted diseases (STD)

Diarrhea = loose bowel movements

Dementia = the inability to distinguish between reality and fantasy

Disease = illness , sickness, affliction,

To feel sick = to be nauseous

Syndrome = sum of symptoms

Malady= disorder

Ailment =stare de rau, indispozitie

Cause= etiology

Serious = major

Drip =perfuzie

Drip stand = perfuzor

Tentative diagnosis = diagnostic prezumtiv

Indigestion = dyspepsia = upset stomach

Phlegm=thick mucus = spit = saliva

Sweat = perspiration

To ascertain = to determine, to establish

Minute= tiny

Unaided eye= naked eye

Breakdown = decomposition

Iatrogenic (indus de medic) vs. idiopathic (de cauze necunoscute)

Booster = rapel

Shot = injection

Painkiller = analgesic

OTC Over-the-counter drug= non-prescription drug vs. prescription drug

Clotting= coagulation

Stuffy nose = congested nosed

Gargle = a face gargara -> gargling=gargara

Lozenges = pastile de supt

Pep pills = stimulants

Pep talk = cuvinte de incurajare

Pep = vlaga

Attending physician = medic curant

Habit-forming = addictive

 To cure a disease
 To heal a wound

Puncture test = prick test

NSAID = Non-steroidal Anti (/Non) - inflammatory Drugs

Vomiting= emesis
Severe bleeding = hemorrhaging

Weaken = debilitate

Anemia = insufficiency of red blood cells

Surgery and Surgeon

to subspecialize = a se supraspecializa

subspecialty

( nonsurgical ) medical specialties vs surgical specialties

 hands-on hospital training = internship

 subspecialty = fellowship
 residency = specialty training

intern = stagiar

internist = doctor ( med. interna )

stomach = gaster ( c.f. gastro ; adj. gastric )

enteron = intestine , gut , bowel.

GI tract = gastrointestinal tract

Geriatric / Senior’s Hospital

spleen -> splenic

splenetic ( alt sens : easily irritating person )

lienal

kidey = ren ( pl. renes )

allergist = alergolog

immunologist

 preoperative care = perioperative care ( in jurul

 intraoperative care operatiei )
 postoperative care

neo-natologist
branch of medicine = field = domain = area

talented = skillful

to mesh = a se potrivi

stuffiness = congestion

vision / eye / sight problems

blood tests -> to run tests to find etiology / cause

physical stamina = resistance = endurance

to do / perform surgery

hereditary = genetic ; inherited

clinicians = those who interact with pacients

O.R. = operating theatre

attack = episode = fit = seizure = paroxysm

CVA = stroke

plaster cast = gips

strabismus = squint = crossed eyes

incus – pl: incudes = anvil = nicovala

malleus – mallei = hammer = ciocan

stapes – stapedes/ stapes = scarita

to overlap = a se suprapune

diagnosis – adj. diagnostic

 observation chart = hospital chart

 medical history
 medical record = fisa medicala

cavity = dental caries = tooth decay

side effect = secondary effect

adverse( unwanted ) drug reactions

picaturi de urechi = ear drops ; otic instillation

primary care physician -> the pacient consults him first

specialist physician

attending physician = medic currant

to attend ( for doctors )/ to nurse ( nurses ) a pacient

board-certified = acreditat

subspecialist = fellow

to refer to -> letter of referral

-dynia =-algia -> pain (eg : cephalodynia , gastrodynia )

to have a health insurance = to be covered by medical insurance = to be medically insured

appendix -> adj. appendicular

hectic = chaotic

to make rounds = a face vizite

to take turns = a face cu randul

shift = tura ( day or night shift )

-rraphy = surgical suture, repair by means of surgery

emergency room = E.R.

comprehensive health = total / overall

 anesthesiologist
 to anesthetize
 anesthesia

deity = zeitate

surgery = 1) operatie ; 2) chirurgie; 3) sala de operatie

operating room / theatre

widespread – isolated ; localized

similar = alike

obsolete = no longer in general use, outdated

hostel = dormus = camin

endowment = provizii , dotari

leper ( a person who has leprosy ) -> leprosy = lepra

medical insurance -> medically insured

ICU = Intensive Care Unit

on-going = continuous

ward = salon

partition = paravan

individual/private room = rezerva

unit = sectie

to presume = to assume

clotting = coagulation

to run/ operate a hospital or university

hospitalized = in-patient

ambulatory = out-pacient

facility = centru / unitate medicala

set up = to found

emergency department / room = E.D./E.R.

casualty = victim

to sustain casualties = a suferi pierderi

prior = previous
appointment = call

bed -> escara = bed sore / pressure sore / decubitus ulcer / decubital , hospital or nosocomial
gangrene / pressure gangrene

to charge someone = a percepe o taxa

 salary = incasat pe 1 luna

 wages = avans + lichidare

bioassay

to assay = to test = to examine

first degree burn

geriatrics -> geriatrician

MD = medical doctor

to attend a pacient

phrase = sintagma

cabinet medical = private practice / medical office

to fill a prescription ( pharmacy )

coma -> adj. comatose ( the pacient is in a coma )

 obstetrician-gynecologist
 ophthalmologist
 otolaryngologist = ENT specialist
 pediatrician

SURGICAL PROCEDURES

 hysterectomy = surgical removal of the uterus ( bcs of benign/malignant tumor ).

 mastectomy = excision of a breast
 rhinoplasty = plastic surgery of the nose

sterile = germ-free

larynx = voice box

trachea = windpipe
-ectomy = the removal of sth

 catheter = tube for evacuating or injecting fluids

 dressing = bandage
 forceps = instrument for holding, grabbing or extracting
 retractors = instruments for holding back the margins of a wound
 scalpel = surgical knife , surgeon’s knife
 gurney = targa mobile
 hook = retractor pt vene
 sutures = the result after sewing up the incision
 weighing scales = cantar
 syringe
 stethoscope
 gag = calus
 sling = suport pt fixarea bratului rupt( 2) = prastie )
 stretcher = targa ( stretcher bearer = orderly )
 thermometer
 tourniquet = garou
 curette = instrument pt chiuretaj ( = curettage )
 splint = atela
 drain = tub de dren ( drainage = drenaj )

adj : broad -> to broaden

deceased = decedat vs diseased = bolnav

stomatologist -> disorders of the oral cavity

dentist -> deals with caries

solely = doar, numai.

minimally invasive surgery = key-hole surgery

to oversee = to monitor , to control.

to support = to sustain

nodule = lymph node

lump = nodul
  lumpectomy
 hysterectomy
 orchiectomy / orchidectomy = castration
 colonostomy
 mammoplasty
 colecystectomy
 cardiomyopathy ( -pathy indicates disorder )

hindparts = parti posterioare

- fetus – pl: fetuses

- infants – pana la un an

to mould = a mula

mould = 1) mulaj ; 2) mucegai

aneurysms

neuropathy

congenital defect = congenital fault

subspecialty = fellowship

subspecialist = fellow

assessment = evaluation

mastopexy = breast-lift surgery ( -pexy = fixare )

suppression = inhibition

maxilla / maxillary = maxilar

to coin a word = to invent a word

amenable to = raspunzator de / care poate fi abordat prin

minute = thorough

to pursue = to attend

stroke = CVA ( cerebro-vascular accident , cerebral infarction )

 specialist = medic specialist

  senior specialist = medic primar
 primary care physician -> usually the family physician

the adrenals = SR

hyperplasia = overgrowth

gynecology vs andrology ( deals with female and male sex organs )

*facsimile = copy/reproduction

 surgical knot = nod

 surgical approach = abord chirurgical
 surgical appliance = dispozitiv medical
 surgical suture
 surgical history
 surgical bone impression = amprenta osoasa
 surgical kit
 surgical nurse / nursing = ingrijire a pacientilor de pe sectia de chirurgie
 surgical saw = fierastrau
 surgical suite = bloc operator
 surgical / operating table
 surgical team
 surgical unit / ward
 surgical wound infection
 surgical clearance = acordul chirurgului
- suture needle
- suture thread

prosthesis = proteza

I have my arm in a plaster cast ( gips ).

flap = lambou

Procedures
-ectomy = extirpare , excizie
-centesis = surgical puncture ( paracentesis , thoracentesis, rachiocentesis )
-cele = proeminenta, tumora ( omphalocele)
-iatry = tratament ( psychiatry )
-(o)dynia = durere ( arthrodynia )
-oma = -om ( carcinoma, sarcoma )
-ostomy = formation of an artificial opening, the creation of a hole.
-otomy = incision
-pexy = pexie, fixare
-plasty
-plegia = -plegie / paralizie ( para/tetraplegia)
-rraphy
-rrhexis = -rexie / rupture
-scope = instrument; -scopy = procedura
-tome = -tom/instrument ; -tomy=-tomie/procedura

tongue = lingua , glossa ( adj. lingual )

to metastasize

metastasis

subsequent = urmator

idiosyncratic – afecteaza un nr redus de oameni

 scrub = costumatie
 scrub cap = boneta
 surgical gown = halat

autologous blood

attire = outfit

 stuff = lucruri
 staff = personal

to scrub hands = a curata mainile

consent form = formular de consimtamant

enema = clisma

to refrain / to abstain from

 nurse anesthetist
 anesthesiologist

to clip off = a taia

drapes = cearceafuri sterile / draperii

ether screen = paravan de eter

to render the pacient unconscious

puncture = tap

 to numb = a amorti
 numbness = amorteala
 tingling = furnicaturi

thoracic / chest surgery

to clamp blood vessels

The approach to the surgical site = abordul

to sever = a taia, a amputa

to staple = a capsa ( stapler = capsator )

hollow organs = org cavitare

loops of intestine = anse intestinale

ligation = ligature

flaps of tissue -> lambou

to sew – sewed – sewn = a coase

pins = ace

screws = suruburi

prosthetic rod = tija prostetica

fistula = opening

calculus – calculi

debridement = removal of dead/damaged tissue

to strain = a intinde

brain concussion = comotie cerebral

 pelvic girdle
 shoulder girdle

to develop into

damp = wet

tibia ( shin bone ) – pl: tibiae

to weaken = to debilitate

to prolong…by 3 years

chills = rigors

to perform surgery / to operate on a pacient / to do surgery

to put under anesthesia = to anesthetize

to admit a pacient to a hospital / a student to the university

admittance = entry

admission to a college

to discharge a pacient from

discharge of a pacient from a hospital

haemorrhoids = piles

dramatically = greatly

cut = incision ( voluntary ) = laceration ( involuntary )

to clog = 1) a astupa, a infunda , a bloca. 2) a se coagula = to clot

limbs = arms and legs

 to sue = a da in judecata
 to sew – sewed – sewn = a coase

skillful = talented vs skilled = experienced vs skilless

os / bone : pl – ossa ; cf – osteo ; adj – osseus, bony

stoma = os = oral cavity

skin = integument

outermost layer = epidermis ; dermis ; subcutaneous layer/subcuttis

affliction / ailment / sickness / illness / disease / malady / disorder

 ductless/endocrine glands
 duct/exocrine glands

intern = stagiar

A pacient is referred to a surgeon.

The physician consults / sees the pacient.

The pacient undergoes surgery without undue risk.

bloodstream = blood flow

to consult = a cere o parere

tentative diagnosis = diagn prezumptiv

elective vs optional

A fit or a paroxysm of cough

an epileptic seizure/attack

scrub nurse = responsabila de instrumentar

pieces of equipment

circulating nurse

dressing room = sala de pansamente

ward = salon

conscientious = constiincios

malpractice

liability = obligatie, datorie.

tax = impozit

expenses = cheltuieli

distructive = corrosive

protozoa = worm-like parasites

epidemic = outbreak = epidemie

new growths = neoplasms

degenerative/wearing out disease

to immunize / immunity / immune system

to put off = to postpone, delay

to make a diagnosis

to swab = a tampona ( 2) betisor de urechi )

anaphylactic shock

to drain -> liquids vs to void -> solid

clyster = enema

 stretcher = targa
 gurney = targa pe ambulanta care coboara roti si devine pat
 trolley = pat mobil ( sau carucior de magazine )

cuff = manson

draped = acoperit

refuse bins = tomberon

on hand = at hand = handy = at arm’s reach

  chief surgeon / surgeon-in-chief = chirurg principal
 assistant surgeons

dramatic = 1) impressive ; 2) radical

painful – painless / painfree

hazardous = 1) risky ; 2) random

to sever = to amputate

the amputee = the person

to alleviate / to soothe / to palliate / to mitigate / to dull the pain

 throbbing pain = durere pulsatila

 dull pain = durere surda

Sth is beneficial to a pacient

 communicable / communicative / contagious / catchy / catching disease = transmissible

disease
 noninfectious disease

to pick up a disease = to catch a disease

aseptic = sterile, germ-free

lung = pulmon

Types of surgery

Trauma surgery

1) Emergency surgery
2) Urgent surgery – you can wait for a day or two : appendectomy , colecystectomy .
3) Required surgery – not life threatening
4) Corrective surgery
5) Optional surgery