CELL TRANSPORT

t
MECHANISM
Presented by: Group 2

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 What is Cell
t
Transport?

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 Cell Transport
● Cell transport refers to the
movement of substances across the
cell membrane.

● The most important feature of a t

cell's phospholipid membranes is
that they are selectively
permeable. A membrane that is selectively
permeable, or semipermeable,
has control over what molecules
or ions can enter or leave the cell,
as shown in Figure above.

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 Types of
t
Cell transport

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 ACTIVE
t
TRANSPORT

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 active Transport
● a process that utilizes additional metabolic energy against the
concentration gradient to move molecules across the membrane.

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 active Transport
Various Mechanisms apply to this form of transport:
● Protein can actively pump the molecules coupled with ATP hydrolysis (transport
ATPases) move but co-transport.
● Co-transport occur when the diffusion of one molecule toward the concentration
gradient leads to the diffusion of another molecules against the concentration
gradient (antiporter). t

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 Cell Membrane
Structures and
the
Phospholipid t
Bilayer

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 t
Some protein molecules are both on the inside and on the outer side
of the lipid bilayer while some are only on the inner side of the
bilayer membrane.

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 ● These proteins which pass
into the bilipid layer are
called integral proteins
which are like tunnels or
channels for the passage of
water and/or other
t
substances.

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 Integral membrane proteins can be
classified as:
• Uniporter
- transport substances in a
unidirectional manner
depending on the
concentration gradient.
t
• Symporters
- transports different types of molecules in the cell membrane at
the same time and the opposite happens for ANTIPORTER.

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 Extrinsic or
Peripheral proteins
● other proteins found ontthe cell membrane
● act as receptors for hormones, recognition
centers, and antigens.

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 PASSIVE
t
TRANSPORT

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 Passive Transport
● Involves the movement of material along a concentration

●
gradient (high concentration low concentration)
Materials are moving down a concentration gradient, it does
t
not require the expenditure of energy (ATP hydrolysis)

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 Diffusion
● substance that spread out in a given solution because of the
random movement of its particles.
● occurs when particles move from an are of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration. t
● energy is not a requirement during the process.
● it is an important cellular process.

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 Osmosis
● a diffusion is taking place across a semi-permeable membrane.
● is the movement of water through semi-permeable membrane
from an are of higher concentration to a relatively low
concentration of water. t
● it happens when two areas of differing concentration gradients
are being separated by a partially permeable membrane.

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 Osmosis
● If the solution outside the cell is more concentrated than the cell
contents, water will move out of the cell by osmosis.
● If the solution outside the cell is less concentrated than the cell contents,
then water will move into the cell by osmosis.
t

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 Facilitated diffusion
● type of passive transport
which relies on carrier
proteins in order for the
substances to move down t
their concentration
gradient.

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 ENDOCYTOSIS
t
&
EXOCYTOSIS

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 Endocytosis
● The process by which large substances (or bulk amount of
smaller substances) enter the cell without crossing the
membrane.
● An invagination of the membrane forms a flask-like depresion t
which envelopes the extracellular material
● The invagination vesicle containing the material.

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 Endocytosis
2 MAIN TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS:
• Phagocytosis- the process by which solid substances are
ingested (usually to be transported to the lysosome).
• Pinocytosis- the process by which liquids/dissolved t
substances are ingested (allows faster entry than via protein
channels.

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 Exocytosis
• The process by which large substances )or bulk amounts of
small substances are exit the cell without crossing the
membrane.
• Vesicles (typically derived from the Golgi) fuse with plasma
membrane, expelling their contents into the extracellular t
environment.
• The process of exocytosis adds vesicular phospholipids to the
cell membrane, replacing those lost when vesicles are formed
via endocytosis

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 Phagocytosis Receptor-Mediated
● when the vesicle holds Endocytosis
a solid substance. ● occur wherein the molecule
can bind to the surface of the
t membrane.
Pinocytosis
● a process when the
vesicle contains a liquid Clathrin
material. ● a specialized protein which
serves as a coating.

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 Different Types of Endocytosis

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