Muscular - Skeletal System (Locomotor System) a.

Skull
8 Cranium bones - Protects the brain
Functions 14 Facial Bones
b. Rib cage (Thoracic) – compose of 25
 It gives support and shape to the body
bones (12 pairs of ribs + 1 sternum),
 It protects the internal organs protects the heart and lungs.
 It helps with the body movements c. Vertebral Column (Spinal Column) –
 Red blood cells production protects the spinal cord and
 Storage of fats and minerals supports the head (irregular bones)
33 bones (24 unfused + 9 fused)
Parts
i. 7 Cervical Vertebrae
1. Bones (make up the neck)
2. Joints ii. 12 Thoracic Vertebrae
3. Tendons (chest section, ribs attached)
4. Ligaments iii. 5 Lumbar Vertebrae
5. Cartilage iv. 9 (Sacral Vertebrae + Coccyx)
6. Muscles
2. Appendicular Skeleton - comprises 126
Skeletal System bones and is involved in locomotion and
manipulation of objects in the environment.
Bone – is a tough structure in the body that is
a. Pectoral Girdle
made up of connective tissues surrounded by
i. Scapula – shoulder blade
minerals.
ii. Clavicle – collar bone
Consist of a set of 206 bones. Babies have more Clavicle
Scapula
than 300 bones.

Functions

 It provides structural support or framework

for the entire body.
 Stores fats and minerals like calcium
 Produce blood cells: Red blood cells, White
blood cells, and other blood elements
b. Pelvic Girdle (Pelvis) – supports the
 Protect body organs lower part of the body and aid the
 Provides leverage and movements movement of the legs.
2 Parts of the skeletal system i. Hip Bones
ii. Sacrum
1. Axial Skeleton – Supports and protects iii. Coccyx
organs in the body.

c. Upper extremities
i. Humerus – Upper arm
ii. Radius & Ulna – Lower arm

Humerus
Ulna

Radius
 iii. Hand (54 bones)
1. 16 Carpals (wrist)
2. 10 Metacarpals
3. 28 Phalanges (fingers)
d. Lower Extremities
i. Femur – Thighs, longest
bone
ii. Patella – Knees
iii. Fibula & Tibia – Legs
iv. Feet and Ankles (52 bones)
1. 14 Tarsals (Ankles)
2. 10 Metatarsals
3. 28 Phalanges (toes)
Structure of Bones
Calcium & Phosphorus – Makes the bones hard
and strong
2 layers of Bone
1. Compact Bone – hard, provides strength
and protection. Gives smooth, white, and
solid appearance.
2. Spongy Bone – fills the interior of the bone,
contains bone marrow.
a. Bone Marrow – produces all three
types of blood cells in the body, and
lymphocytes which supports the
immune system.
Yellow Marrow – stores fats
Joints
Joints – is formed when two bones meet
each joint is designed for specific
movement, except for the joint in the skull which is
immovable.
Three types of Joints
1. Fibrous (Immovable) – Skull joint
2. Cartilagenous (Partially moveable) – Disc of
spinal column
3. Synovial (Freely moveable)
6 Types of Synovial Joint
1. Pivot Joint – rotation around lengthwise
axis
a. Legs, Neck, and wrist
2. Ball and socket joint – movement in all
directions
a. Shoulder, and hips
3. Hinge joint – flexion and extension along
single axis
a. Elbow, knee, ankle, jaw
4. Condyloid joint – can move two axes
a. Wirst
5. Saddle joint – condyloid, but wider range
a. Thumb
6. Gliding joint – narrow range, plane joint
a. Feet
Tendons – are tough connective tissues which
connects the muscles to the bone.
Ligaments – are connective tissues that can stretch
Cartilage – serves as a protective cushioning layer
where bones come together.
Muscular System

Muscles – allows the body to move (650 muscles),

movement, gives form to the body

Three types of muscles

Cardiac muscles – involuntary muscles, only found

in the heart, specialized to pump blood

Smooth muscles – involuntary muscles, covers the

hollow walls of many organs such as esophagus,
bronchi, uterus, and stomach.

Skeletal Muscles – voluntary muscles or striated,

attached to the bones by tendons providing
movement

Integumentary System