Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci.

7(2): July –December 2016

ISSN 0976- 2981 (Print) www.anvpublication.org

2321-5844 (Online)

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Formulation and Optimization of Dermatological Dosage form for

Comparative in- vitro Evaluation of Semisolid Bases

Miss A. B. Hajare, Dr. M. M. Nitalikar, Dr. C.S. Magdum, Dr. S. K. Mohite, S.J. Shid, V.N. Dange
Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon. Tal- Walwa, Dist-Sangli.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: ashwiniyedge29@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:
The aim of this study was to improve the permeation of Diclofenac Sodium. Permeation studies were carried out in -
vitro using cellophane membrane. Topical formulations of diclofenac sodium were prepared by using various
polymers. Gel, cream and ointment of the drug were prepared with polymers and the formulations were subjected
for evaluation. Gel formulations were containing carbopol 940, triethanolamine, and preservatives. Cream was
formulated by using stearic acid, glycerin, lanolin and preservatives. Ointment was also formulated by using the
ingredients cetostearyl alcohol, hard paraffin, white soft paraffin and wool fat. In-vitro permeation studies by using
cellophane membrane in diffusion cell revealed better permeation characteristics of diclofenac sodium. These types
of topical dosage forms could give sustained delivery of drug on to the skin, so they are interesting promises to
improve skin absorption of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and to prevent side effects associated. The Topical
formulations are excellent in the percutaneous absorption of diclofenac or its salts and provide good properties upon
use and superior medical effects of diclofenac or its salts.

KEYWORDS: Diclofenac sodium, gel, cream, ointment, Diffusion Cell.

INTRODUCTION:
Semi-solid dosage forms are normally presented in the
form of creams, gels, ointments, or pastes. They contain
one or more active ingredients dissolved or uniformly
dispersed in a suitable base and any suitable excipients
such as emulsifiers, viscosity-increasing agents,
antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, or stabilizing agents.
The choice of a base for semi-solid dosage forms
depends on many factors: the therapeutic effect desired
the nature of the active ingredient to be incorporated,
the availability of the active ingredient at the site of
action, the shelf-life of the finished product, and the
environmental conditions in which the product is
intended to be administered.
Received on 14.07.2016 Accepted on 28.09.2016
©A&V Publications all right reserved
Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2016; 7(2): 46-54.
DOI: 10.5958/2321-5844.2016.00008.X
46
Types of topical semi-solid dosage forms:
Cream:
Creams are homogeneous, semi-solid preparations
consisting of opaque emulsion systems. Their
consistency and rheological properties depend on the
type of emulsion, either water-in-oil (w/o) or oil-in-
water (o/w) and on the nature of the solids in the
internal phase.
Types of Cream:
1. Hydrophobic creams (w/o):
Hydrophobic creams are usually anhydrous and absorb
only small amounts of water. They contain w/o
emulsifying agents such as wool fat, sorbitan esters, and
monoglycerides.
2. Hydrophilic creams (o/w):
Hydrophilic creams contain bases that are miscible with
water. They also contain o/w emulsifying agents such