Bilge System

1. General.................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Centrifugal Pump .......................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Non Return valve, straight, screw down ....................................................................................... 3
1.3 Butterfly Valve .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Gate Valve or Gate Valve .............................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Strainer.......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Bellmouthed Pipe End................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Bulkhead Fitting Watertight, Flange ............................................................................................. 5
1.8 Pressure Indicator ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.9 Safety Valve................................................................................................................................... 6
1.10 Flexible Coupling ........................................................................................................................... 7
2. Philosophy Design ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Bilge Clean system ........................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 Oil Bilge System............................................................................................................................. 7
3 Class Requirement ................................................................................................................................ 7
3.1 Bilge Line ....................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.1 Bilge Line and suction ........................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 Bilge Suction .......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.3 Thicknes ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.2 Pipes laid through tanks................................................................................................................ 8
3.3 Bilge suctions and strums ............................................................................................................. 8
3.3.1 Safety ........................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3.2 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.3 Provisions for laying alarms ......................................................................................................... 9
3.4 Calculation of pipe diameters (BKI Vol.III 2015 ) ........................................................................ 10
a.Main Bilga Pipes ................................................................................................................................... 10
3.5 Bilge Pump .................................................................................................................................. 10
3.5.1 Capacity Of Bilge Pump (formula 7) ........................................................................................... 11
3.5.2 How the bilga pump works ........................................................................................................ 11
3.6 Use of other pumps for bilge pumping ....................................................................................... 11

pg. 1
 3.7 Number of bilge pumps for cargo ships ...................................................................................... 11
4. DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................................................................ 12
5. Summuary Calculation ........................................................................................................................ 12
5.1 Specification of Pipe that use as Main pipe ..................................................................................... 12
5.2 Specification of Pipe that use as Branch pipe .................................................................................. 12
5.3 Specification of pump for Bilgem System ......................................................................................... 12
6. Doc Calculation 02 - 42 19 AZ59 – BG ................................................................................................. 13
7. Gambar Bilge System Firman .............................................................................................................. 13

pg. 2
 Bilge System
1. General

The document explains the ship's system, and what needs to be considered is how to activate the
bilga system on the ship from the calculation of the equipment needed. This system will function as
a protector on board, to overcome problems caused by replacement and appeal. This system will
require and regulate the laying of ships, pipes placed through tanks, bilga suction vessels, bilga
vessels, bilga vessels, return vessels, and pipe layout. (Firman 2019)

In general the Equipment of bilge system is :

1.1 Centrifugal Pump (Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)

Function : Centrifugal pumps are used to move the fluid from seachest box to all of the
water ballast tank.
A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the
pressure and flow rate of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of
pump used to move liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump
impeller along a near to the rotating axis and is accelerated are typically used for large
discharge through smaller heads. Matt Prosoli, centrifugal pump overview, Pumps Plus
Inc ppt number (1-5).

Picture 1. Pompa Sentrifugal

(Dzulqornain, 2015)
1.2 Non Return valve, straight, screw down ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)

Function : valves are used at high pressure and direction of flow in one direction. In Ballast
system, this valve is used on the outlet side of the pump.

Check valves are also known as non-return or one-way valves. Check valves are designed to
allow fluid to flow one way i.e. ability to pass fluid in solely one direction. Check valves are often
used with positive displacement machines such as pumps and compressors to prevent reverse
flow. For the fluctuating and cyclic loadings, check valves usually avoided. (Prof. R. S.Tajane2
2014)

pg. 3
 Picture 2. Pompa Sentrifugal
(Megadepot, 2015)

1.3 Butterfly Valve ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)

Function : valve is used to open and close the flow in the pipe after branching or before
the pump and after strainer in seachest.

Valves are mechanical devices specially designed to direct, start, stop, mix or regulating
the flow, pressure of a process fluid. A butterfly valve typically consists of a metal disk
formed around a central shaft, which acts as its axis of rotation. As the valve's opening
angle is increased from 0 degrees (fully closed) to 90 degrees (fully open), fluid is able to
more readily flow past the valve. These valves are commonly used to control fluid flow
inside of piping systems. (Prof. R. S.Tajane2 2014)

Picture 3. Butterfly Valve

Tianjin Tangfa 2015
1.4 Gate Valve or Gate Valve ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)
Function : valve is used to open and close or stop the flow in the pipe after branching
or in water ballast tank and this valve located after seachest box but attached.

A gate valve is generally used to completely shut off fluid flow or, in the fully open
position, provide full flow in a Pipeline. Thus it is used either in the fully closed or fully
open positions. A gate valve consists of a valve body, seat and disc, a spindle, gland, and
a wheel for operating the valve. The seat and the gate together perform the function of
shutting off the flow of fluid. (E. Shashi Menon 2015)

pg. 4
 Picture 4. Gate Valve
(G.J. Johnson & Sons 2017)
1.5 Strainer ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)
Function : Strainer is used to Strainer the fluid that will go into the pump from dirty
seawater.

The sea water and fresh water systems on board ship are provided with line Strainers in
order to trap the solid impurities flowing in the system. Normally the sea water sides
has more number of Strainers incorporated in the line as compared to the fresh water
system as the later is a closed system. .(Marine InSight 2019)

The different applications for water Strainers are:

 Sea Chest Strainer
It is fitted in the main suction line of the sea water inlet system to the ship. The
filter is casing normally fitted with marine growth preventive system. Normally
a strainer is used in the sea chest so that the flow of water in the sea line is
always maintained.(Marine InSight 2019)
 Fresh Water System Filter
All the fresh water system such as drinking water system, sanitary water
system, boiler feed water system etc. are incorporated with a line filter in the
suction side of the pump. (Marine InSight 2019)
1.6 Bellmouthed Pipe End ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)
Function : Bellmounted used to makes it easy to the direction of fluid flow in the
suction bilge well. Bellmounted enlarged funnel-shaped end. Bellmounted used in the
suction pipe ends bilge well. (radifan2015)

Picture 5. Bellmounted pipe end

1.7 Bulkhead Fitting Watertight, Flange ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)

pg. 5
 Function : A watertight bulkhead flange fittings used in the watertight bulkhead. Watertight
bulkhead fittings located on pipes that penetrate the watertight bulkhead such as bulkhead load
space, and the front bulkhead of the engine room.(Radifan 2015)

1.8 Pressure Indicator ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)

Function : Pressure indicators are used to gauge fluid pressure. Pressure indicator placed on the
suction and discharge side of the pump. Donald G.Gronas, D.D.S Preparation of pressure-
indicator paste

Picture 6. Pressure Indicator

Fresh Water Systems 2019

1.9 Safety Valve ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)

Function : Safety valve is used to resolve back pressure on the discharge side of the pump
when the pressure on the discharge side of excess. Safety valve used on the discharge side of
the pump is connected to the suction side of the pump.( Mani, 1964)

Picture 7. Safety Valve

(Marck And Care Engineers 2017)

pg. 6
 1.10 Flexible Coupling ( Natalia Dea Kartika 2009)
Function : Flexible Coupling is a flexible coupling and is used to prevent pipe the breaking
because of the motion of the ship. Flexible coupling is used in the main pipe Ballast System.

2. Philosophy Design
Bilge system is divide into 2 based on their working fluids.

2.1 Bilge Clean system

To drain and sent out the water which caused of leaked in Operation system or installation in
cargo and service area. Those are usually from ship hull, hatch cover and condensation of air
control. The water that doesn’t mix with oil can be pumped to overboard using bilge pump.
(Luke MV.Onego Houston Artikel 2010)
2.2 Oil Bilge System
To Overcome leakage and drainage of cooling water in engine room. Because in engine room,
usually it’s not truly water but already mixed with oil. This System is different with bilge clean
system, because the oily water should be processed and separated by OWS (Oil Water
Separator) before disposed towards over board. (Luke MV.Onego Houston Artikel 2010)

In bilge system should be at last 2 bilge pump, with one dedicated pump and another
one could be used for other system like ballast system. For additional, there is one emergency
bilge pump that connected to main bilge system. When 2 Bilge system is out of order, so that
emergency bilge pump can handle it. In engine room there is should be direct suction.The
capacity of bilge pump is required by Class BKI. Also the diameter of main bilge pipe and branch
is required by Class BKI. Head of bilge pump should be able to handle the resulting head in the
event of flooding. (BKI Vol.III 2015 )

Strainer is always installed before the pump and should be easily accessible for
maintenance. So to make it well, before the strainer, butterfly valve is always installed. When
the strainer is going to maintenance, valve is shut off so the fluid is not coming out the pipe. And
also after the bilge well suction, strainer is installed and in every bilge well LAH (Level Alarm
High) is always installed too. The suction lines of the seawater pumps are to be fitted with
strainers.The strainers are to be so arranged that they can be cleaned during operation of the
pumps.Where cooling water is supplied by means of a scoop, strainers in the main seawater
cooling line can be dispensed with. (BKI Vol.III 2015 )

In this system, butterfly valve used in order before the strainer, as a connecting to another
equipment to make strand by function and also to isolate the specific compartment.

In this ship, bilge system is design for semi-automatic system.it means that bilge well is full, the
alarm (LAH) will ringing and the operator should make an action in engine control room to turn on the
pump to drain bilge well to depose toward overboard.

3 Class Requirement
3.1 Bilge Line

pg. 7
 The bilge lines are generally kept out of the double bottom and only two such lines; are
permitted to pass through the collision bulkhead.in this topic wee hae 3 parameter for
design requirement:
3.1.1 Bilge Line and suction
Bilge lines and suction bilge must be adjusted so that they can be joined so they
can be peeled in unprofitable trims (BKI Vol.III 2015 )

3.1.2 Bilge Suction

Bilge suctions are normally to be located on both sides of the ship. For
compartments located fore and aft in the ship, one bilge suction may be
considered sufficient provided that it is capable of completely draining the
relevant compartment (BKI Vol.III 2015 )

3.1.3 Thicknes
The required pipe thickness of bilge lines is to be in accordance with Table 11.5
(BKI Vol.III 2015 )

Tabel 1.required pipe thickness of bilge lines

3.2 Pipes laid through tanks
As for the provisions of the pipe pellet, it was agreed to meet the standards set by the
general understanding and my class BKI. Bilge pipes may not be led through tanks for
lubricating oil, thermal oil, and drinking water or feed water (BKI Vol.III 2015 )
3.3 Bilge suctions and strums
3.3.1 Safety
Emergency bilge suctions are to be arranged such that they are accessible, with free flow
and at a suitable distance from the tank top or the ship's bottom. (BKI Vol.III 2015 )
3.3.2 Arrangement
Where, on cargo ships, pipelines are led through the collision bulkhead below the freeboard
deck, a shutoff valve is to be fitted directly at the collision bulkhead inside the fore peak.For

pg. 8
 the size and design of bilge wells see Rules for Hull (BKI Vol.III 2015 )Bilge wells shall have a
capacity of more than 0,2 m3. Small holds may have smaller bilge wells.For the use of
manhole covers or hinged covers for the access to the bilge suctions, see Rules for
Machinery Installations (BKI Vol.II 2015), (BKI Vol.III 2015)Section.11.Bilge wells are to be
separated from the shell.Section 29, F.5. shall be applied analogously.

The arrangement of bilge pipes (BKI Vol.II 2015)

- within 0,2 B of the ship's side measured at the level of the subdivision load line,
- in the double bottom lower than 460 mm above the base line or
- below the horizontal level specified in Rules for Hull Construction,

Double Bottom (BKI Vol.II 2015)

1. A double bottom is to be fitted extending from the fore peak bulkhead to the after
peak bulkhead, as far as practicable and compatible with the design and proper
operation of the ship. In any case, a double bottom must be fitted in areas presented in
Regulation II-1/12 of SOLAS 74.
2. The double bottom has to protect the ship's bottom up to the turn of the bilge. For
this purpose, the intersecting line of the outer edge of the margin plate with the shell
plating is not to be lower at any part than a horizontal plane, passing through the point
"S" i.e. the point of intersection with the frame line amidships of a transverse diagonal
line inclined 25 degrees to the base line and cutting the base line at B/2 from the
centreline of the ship (See Picture 8).

Picture 8.base line and cutting the base line

( BKI Part 1, Vol.II 2015 )
3. The double bottom need not be fitted in way of deep tanks provided that the
efficiency of the watertight subdivision is not impaired by such an arrangement.
4. If the watertight floors are not in line with the main transverse bulkheads, this has to
be taken into consideration for the watertight subdivision.
5. The bottoms of drain sump are to be situated at a distance of at least 460 mm from
the base line. Only above
3.3.3 Provisions for laying alarms (BKI Vol.II 2015)
Bilge alarms of main and auxiliary machinery spaces, see Section 1, E.5. and Rules for

pg. 9
 On passenger ships, only one pipeline may be led through the collision bulkhead below the
freeboard deck. The pipeline is to be fitted with a remote controlled shutoff inside the
forepeak directly at the collision bulkhead. The remote control must be operated from
above the freeboard deck. Where the forepeak is divided into two compartments, two
pipelines may in exceptional cases be passed through the collision bulkhead below
freeboard deck Bilge alarms of main and auxiliary machinery spaces, Instruments, warning
and indicating systems and operating appliances are to be clearly displayed and
conveniently sided. Absence of dazzle, particularly on the bridge, is to be ensured. Operating
and monitoring equipment is to be grouped in such a way as to facilitate easy supervision
and control of all important parts of the installation. The following requirements are to be
observed when installing equipment and appliances:
- Protection against humidity and the accumulation of dirt,
- Avoidance of excessive temperature variations,
- Adequate ventilation.
In consoles and cabinets containing electrical or hydraulic equipment or lines carrying steam
or water the electrical gear is to be protected from the damage due to leakage. Redundant
ventilation systems are to be provided for air-conditioned machinery and control rooms.
(BKI Vol.I 2015)
1. Bilge and Drain Facilities Rules for Automation (BKI Vol.III 2015)
2. Bilge wells shall be located and monitored in such a way that the accumulation of liquid
is detected at normal angles of trim and heel, and shall be large enough to
accommodate easily the normal drainage during the unattended period.
3. Where devices are fitted to provide automatic drainage of engine room bilges or bilge
wells, an alarm must be tripped to indicate when the bilge pump is running too often or
too long.
4. At least two level sensors are to be fitted in each machinery space and the tripping of
these sensors is to be indicated by an individual alarm.Bilge wells and bilges must be
readily accessible and easy to clean and either visible or adequately lit. Bilges beneath
electrical machines must be so designed as to prevent bilge water from penetrating into
the machinery at all angles of inclination and movements of the ship in service. (BKI
Vol.III 2015)
5. Where, as a result of the MARPOL convention, a facility is specified for monitoring the
residual oil content in the bilge water and, where appropriate, an automatic
interruption in the drain process, an alarm is to trip when the limit value is exceeded
and where specified the drainage process is to be stopped.
3.4 Calculation of pipe diameters (BKI Vol.III 2015 )
a.Main Bilga Pipes
𝑑ℎ = 1.68√𝐵 + 𝐻 𝑥 𝐿 + 25 𝑚𝑚 (1.1)
b. Branch Bilga Pipes
𝑑𝑧 = 1.68√𝐵 + 𝐻 𝑥 𝐿 + 25 𝑚𝑚 (1.2)
𝑑ℎ = 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑔𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑠
𝑑𝑧 = 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑠
𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
3.5 Bilge Pump

pg. 10
 3.5.1 Capacity Of Bilge Pump (formula 7)
Each bilge pump must be capable of delivering:
𝑚3
𝑄 = 5.75 𝑥 10−3 𝑥 𝑑𝐻 2 [ ℎ ] (2.1)

Where

Q [m3/h] minimum capacity

dH [mm] calculated inside diameter of main bilge pipe (BKI Vol.III 2015 )

3.5.2 How the bilga pump works

Where centrifugal pumps are used for bilge pumping, they are to be self-priming or
connected to an air extracting device. (BKI Vol.III 2015 )

3.5.3 Capacity

One bilge pump with a smaller capacity than that required according to formula (7)(
Capacity of bilge pumps) is acceptable provided that the other pump is designed for a
correspondingly larger capacity. However, the capacity of the smaller bilge pump is not to
be less than 85 % of the calculated capacity. (BKI Vol.III 2015 )

3.6 Use of other pumps for bilge pumping

1.Ballast pumps, stand-by seawater cooling pumps and general service pumps may also be
used as independent bilge pumps provided they are self-priming and of the required
capacity according to formula (7). (BKI Vol.III 2015 )
2.Provision of advice In the event of failure of one of the required bilge pumps, one pump
each is to be available for fire fighting and bilge pumping. (BKI Vol.III 2015 )
3. Fuel and oil pumps are not to be connected to the bilge system (BKI Vol.III 2015 )
3.7 Number of bilge pumps for cargo ships
Cargo ships are to be provided with two independent mechanically driven bilge pumps. On
ships up to 2000 GT, one of these pumps may be attached to the main engine.
On ships of less than 100 GT, one mechanically driven bilge pump is sufficient. The second
independent bilge pump may be a permanently installed manual bilge pump. The engine-
driven bilge pump may be coupled to the main propulsion plant.

pg. 11
 4. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. BKI Volume I & III 2015
2. Fitroh Dzunain. 2015. Prinsip Kerja Pompa Centrifugal. http://www.insinyoer.com/prinsip-
kerja-pompa-centrifugal/ diunduh 30 Sepetember 2019
3. Megadepot. 2015. A Guide to Types of Valves. https://megadepot.com/resource/a-guide-to-
types-of-valves diunduh 30 Sepetember 2019
4. Luke MV.Onego Houston Artikel 2010 book cipro publication
https://studylib.net/doc/18743375/cipro-publication
5. A typical gate valve is shown in Figure 12.9. E. Shashi Menon, in Transmission Pipeline
Calculations and Simulations Manual, 2015 12 (Gate Valve)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/gate-valve
6. Piyush P. Nagpurkar1 , Prof. R. S.Tajane2 Journal International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of
Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) (Abstract)
https://www.academia.edu/7652953/Design_and_Development_of_Double_Offset_Butterfly
_Valve
7. Perhitungan Sistim Bilga di Kapal Natalia Dea Kartika 2009
(https://www.scribd.com/document/304601968/Perhitungan-Sistem-Bilga-di-Kapal)
8. Filosofi Desain Bilga 2019

5. Summuary Calculation
5.1 Specification of Pipe that use as Main pipe
Specification of pipe according to JIS G3454
Outside Diameter da = 165.2 mm
Normal size = 150 A SCH20 mm
Inside Diameter dH = 154.20 mm
Schedule Number = JIS G3454
Thickness = 5.5 mm
5.2 Specification of Pipe that use as Branch pipe
Outside Diameter da = 89.1 mm
Normal size = 80A SCH20 mm
Inside Diameter dH = 80.1 mm
Schedule Number = JIS G3452
Thickness = 4.5 mm
5.3 Specification of pump for Bilgem System
Merk = CLH Vertical SilPump
Type of Pump = 150 CLH - 10.5
Q (m3/h) = 250 m3/h
H (m) = 32 m
RPM = 2900 rpm
Power = 37 Kw
Material Impeller = Bronze
Material Shaft = Stainless Stell

pg. 12
 6. Doc Calculation 02 - 42 19 AZ59 – BG
7. Gambar Bilge System Firman

pg. 13