UPPER INTERMEDIATE Course Book Series Editors | Angela Cussons Naess ear | 2% CENGAGE omeu Reading Link Vocabulary Link _ Grammar Link Inteligent Housing phrasal verbs, a a @ cevernessig sages Lomserensonuestons Soka wie Taking about the present Alin aDays vik! empoymentelted words, Taking abou he past, The Working World, ute chove mrodons Ud, ead at elgt sed 1 Followers of Fashion Faitiold College of Fashion page 21 SSing sentences ‘clothing related words, wore) formation, confusing words word formation, Talking about the future ‘Background Information That's Entertainment! on tho Different Dances __entertainment-eleted words, page 29. mutiole matching propositions: Review 1 Era Review of tenses | Q wna on ean oo 20 Q oven ans roa Wheels, Wings and Other Things 200 55 The World Around Us page 63 The Survival Guide for Adventure Seekers ‘comprehension questions ‘Come Fly With Me! ‘mutiple choice GoKerting _missing Sentences ‘The Werk of the Rainforest ‘mutiple matching phrasal verbs, place-related words Moree word formation, made by! from, Passive | sport elated words Comparatives and Superlatives, adverbs, HELE 10 ny sopelen would rather .. than ‘word formation, Passive Il, linking phrases Verbs with two objects ices rome ia ‘The Things They Do for Us cea ‘The Power of Nature page 69 On = page 97 Dear Gilbert ‘comprehension questions ‘The Make-AWish Foundation ‘mutipie choice Gone With the Wing missing sentences Happy Holidays! ‘mutiple maiching ‘confusing words, oe Questions phrasal verbs, Reported speech, word formation Reporting verbs ut and take, phrasal verDS, — alatve Clauses | Review 3 earl page 115 Lessons to Leam age 123 In the Name of Progress page 131 Comoe) Seed Dreisionsivs cage re CD wrvosint? age Get the Message page 157 BM Perternina a A Claire's Diary ompretiension questions Fast Food Is Here to Stay ‘muhiple choice ‘A Dogs Life Imissing sentences What's What on the Web ‘mutiple matching ‘Street Gangs in the USA comprehension questions The Valley of Fear rmustiple choice Digital Photography ‘missing sentences No Script Necessary :muttipie matching “over Words ‘word formation, holiday-related words, Relative Clauses II prepositions phrasal verbs, Conditionals confusing words: as long as, even i, in case, provided expressions of quarity, act, restaurant-elated words, 5 Word formation Determiners: confusing words, feducation-related verbs, Madals 1! prepositions confusing words, rogress-elated verbs, Causative computer-related words family tree, Wishes, family related words It's high time, had beter, wouls rather confusing words, phrasal verbs Review of tenses I word formation, prepositions word formation, arts-relaled words Modals Il Gerund and Infinitive | and I ‘Grammar Reference page 175 ‘Answers to Units 8and9 page 191Listening Link Speaking Link Writing Link multiple choice (understanding gist) sentence completion ‘multiple matching ‘multiple choice diving personal information photo discussion (Giving your opinion) ‘exchanging and justifying opinions (decision-making) exchanging and expressing opinions informal, non-transactional letter (Gersonal news) transactional letter (Gob application) article (general interest) cceseripive essay (event) multiple choice (iain points) sentence completion ‘multiple matching multiple choice ‘ving personal information photo discussion {giving personal information) exchanging and justifying opinions (speculating) exchanging and expressing opinions descriptive essay (place) ‘wansactional letter (enquiry) Informal report discursive essay (offering solutions to a problem) multiple choice (mood and attitude) sentence completion multiple matching multiple choice 1 break down a _ increase in number or value 2 callin b stop working 3° carry out © destroy a building | 4 get away with d_ make something work by moving a switch | 5 gooff e visit 6 goup f follow instructions; do 7 pull down @ tidy; organise “ 8 sort out hh escape punishment 9 turnon i calculate 10 work out J make a loud noise GG Compete the sentences withthe correct form of the phrasal verbs from task E. 1. This light automatically when it gets dark. 2. The houses in this area are very popular at the moment, so prices | very quickly, | 3. This machine uses the latest technology to many every day tasks. 4° We decided to the building as it was going to cost too much to repair. 5. Cats got into the empty house through an open window and the burglar alarm 6 I must call a technician because my washing machine again, 7. The architects who designed the building that collapsed last week shouldn't be allowed to i 8 My parents’ house is close to where I work, so it’s easy for me to and see them every day. 9 I must sit down this weekend and how much it will cost to redecorate my living room, 10 Moving is an excellent time to your cupboards and throw away things you don’t use anymore, Circle the correct words. Jenny's new di hhwasher is very economic / economical ; it doesn’t usc as much electricity as her old one. Tve had such a tiring day, I think I'l do / take a shower before we have dinner. Cathy likes living in the country because she can breathe / breath fresh air. Don't forget to turn off the kitchen / stove when you've finished making dinner. You can put that equipment down in /on the basement if you want to. Don't forget to close / turn off the lights when you go to bed. Martin is buying a beautiful new apartment in / on the tenth floor of this building, ‘You can get to the garden by going down the stairs / steps at the side of his house. eeaaneune Michael's decided to live on his own, so he’s looking for an apartment to rent /hire . 10 Lots of young couples get a(n) mortgage / overdraft from the bank to buy their own houses. UNIT 1 Clever Housingww Look at these examples from the article. 1... our body automatically does many other things 2... houses have become more ‘intelligent.’ 3... some modem homes are now using sophisticated technology 4... builders have been trying to find ways to... Which sentence is an example of: the Present Simple? the Present Continuous? the Present Perfect ple? the Present Perfect Continuous? Now work with a partner to answer these questions. Which example talks about: aa law of nature? b an action that is happening at or around the time of speaking? that started before now and still continues? that happened at an unstated time in the past that is important now? The present tenses all talk about something that is connected to the _ Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 1 on pages 175-176 before you do the tasks. GD Circle the correct words. Mis: Grant Miss Grant (1) is living / lives in a large mansion, She (2) has been living /is living there forten | years, but I (3) only meet / have only met her recently. She is a teacher and at the moment she (4) teaches / is teaching history, but her favourite subject is English. Unfortunately, I (5) am not / haven't been very good at English, so I (6) want / am wanting | her to help me with my English lessons because my mum (7) keeps / is keeping telling me how good the extra practice will be, ‘One of my friends (8) has been having / has had lessons with Miss Grant at her home and he (9) is telling / has told me what a beautiful home she (10) has / has had. I can’t wait to see it. } UNIT 1 Clever Housing@B in each tine of this paragraph there is a word that is not needed. Circle the extra word, In the past decade there has been being great interest in the 1 2 development of the Internet. Recently, scientists are have been 3. working on improved technology to be bring the Internet into 4 every home. As most people are know, the World Wide Web 5 has had an enormous effect on the way we lived in the 6 20th century. In fact, according to reports, many people are think 7 that this invention has been changed and influenced our daily 8 life and the way the world is works today so much that sometimes 9 itis being hard to imagine how we managed to live without it. (Mustening wing, fz You will hear people talking in six different situations. For questions 1-6, choose the correct answer a, b, or c. 1 You hear a man talking on the phone to a friend about his new flat. How does it compare with his old one? a. They are similar. b_Itison the same floor. © Itisvery different 2 You hear a woman talking about her neighbourhood. How does she feel about it? a Ithas become too commercial. b_ She prefers the way it used to be. ¢ She doesn’t get on with her neighbours. 3. You hear a builder talking about a building. What is he going to do? a build a brand new building b renovate the building ¢ pull down the building 4 You hear a woman talking about a particular person. Who is this person? a her flatmate b_ her neighbour cher landlord 5 You hear an advertisement for a new housing complex. Where is it situated? a_ in the suburbs b_ inthe city centre ¢ ina forest 6 Listen to this passage from a novel. What does it describe? a a residential area where wealthy people used to live b a neighbourhood where there is a lot of crime ¢ the way homeless people live out in the open 10 ) UNIT 1 Clever Housingspeaking!Link: Work with a partner. Ask and answer the quéstions. ‘Try not to answer questions with just two or three words. Give your partner some extra information. However, remember that your partner wants to ask you a number of questions ‘as well, 30 don't spend too long answering each one. Student A. Where do you live? What are some of the things you like about your neighbourhood? Do you think it has enough facilities for teenagers? What would you like to change about the area where you live? Do you think it is better for children to grow up in a city or in the countryside? ‘Student B Where do you live? Who do you live with? Can you describe your home? Is there anything you would like to change about your home? Do you think it is better to live in a house or a flat? UNIT 1 Clever Housing (11In this unit, you are going to learn to write a letter giving personal news. Read the question and put the letter in the correct order. You have just moved to a small village, 20 miles from the nearest town. Write a letter to your best friend telling him/her about your new home. HX Anyway, the good news is that Mum says I can invite you to come and stay any time. So, how about next weekend? I'd love to see you. Let me know if you can make i 12 a) Jane Love, How are things? Are you missing me? I miss you a lot! I thought I'd write to tell you about my | new home, | ‘The house is really nice. It’s quite big and there’s a beautiful garden at the back. I've got my own room now, which is great. I've been busy putting all my photos and posters on the walls. Its looking good — it’s starting to feel like home. Dear Anna, I don’t like the village much, though. There’s nothing to do and nowhere to go. I've joined the tennis club in town, but Mum has to take me and bring me home because there aren’t any buses at the right time, Greeting Dear (Anna), Paragraph 1 General comments — ask how your friend is, say why you are writing, ete. Paragraph 2 yy some things about the new house — describe it and say what you think of it. Paragraph 3 Say something about the area ~_what its ike and what you think of it Closing paragraph Say when you will see/write to your friend again, Signing off Love, / Bye for now, / See you soon, (Jane) nt. (42) unr 1 Clever Housing Per eeeUnit®@™ the working world Learning Link In this unit you will learn ‘* words and phrases to help you talk about the world of work. + to compare and contrast photographs showing different jobs, to talk about the qualities needed for the jobs, and to give your opinion about the most interesting job. * to write a transactional letter applying for a job. + to talk about the past, and to use used to, would and be/get used to, [EQ Read what these people say about how they started their jobs. Can you guess what they do for a living? ‘One of my frst memories as a child is of me helping my mother in the vegetable ‘garden, and then preparing the vegetables we had picked. I think I knew from then that Iwas going to spend my life in akitchen!” ‘Well, actually, it took me a while to realise that this was the job for me. You see, when I was a child, I was always the one to climb the highest trees in the neighbourhood. The others would watch anxiously t0 see if Iwas going to survive my latest stunt.” ‘twas one of my friends who suggested I should go into this line of work. You see, Tused to spend all my free time designing outfits, and of course all my friends wanted to borrow my clothes!’ UNIT 2 The Working World (13EB Feed tne interview quickly and find out whieh person from task A above Is being interviewed. All in a Day’s Work! Reported by Jenny Patterson When most people are asked to describe their job, their description does not include running through burning buildings and jumping out of tenth floor windows! Being a stunt person, however, is no ordinary job! Last week, I was lucky enough to meet Stanley Pilot, who has been working as a stuntman for over twenty years. He was kind enough to agree to see me during his short stay in London. @ Our readers would love to find out how you got Started as a stuntman, Had you always wanted to do this kind of work? ee A Wall, actually, it took me a while to realise that this @ Was it easy to find work after that? i was the job for me. You see, when | was a child, | i was always the one to cimb the highest reas inthe NOMUMERREIADS BEY tn fm company was a neighbourhood. The others would watch anxiously to g ir BT ‘see if was going to survive my latest stunt. My mother ong enema reno been ina few Hnigy though. I met other stuntmen and made some good. fra got used spending most weacends nthe focal cheron's hospital! Iromombornersayng tome ‘ends. Actually one of he people wno nas helped ‘on my sixteenth birthday, 'You'te too old for this now, Stanley; next time, you're on your own. L @ Do you have a favourite stunt? @ What did she mean? A Yes, | really enjoyed jumping out of a helicopter in A She'd had enough! She thought | was old enough the Alps. Words can't deseribe the thrill you fee! as to know what was dangerous. She made me realise you fll through the air Although you are only in the air that, although | loved doing dangerous things, | for a few seconds, it feels like forever! needed some guidance. That summer | joined the local mountaineering club and, from then on, noth- @ Your job must be very dangerous. Have you ever ing could stop me. been seriously injured? A Apart from a few broken bones, no. | used to be @ What other sports did you learn? foolish and think 't will never happen to mel’ Some A You name it, I've done it! Actually, | was learning People say I've been lucky, but for years I've made. ‘white-water rafting when | applied for my first job. ‘sure that the company | work for has a good safety. ~ David, one of the other people on the course, told me. record. A good company can take days to set up @ he worked as a stuntman for a small independent ‘stunt which may take only a few minutes to film. I'm im company that had been filming on location in used to waiting on film sets for hours on end. It's better oun: _ than risking your life because you're too impatient. @ Did you get a job there, too? | Q That's very sensible. What would you say 10 A Yes, | was very lucky. David took me along one _—Pe0Ple interested in ths line of work? day, and | showed them what | could do, The A Idtall them i's hard work, but that there are plenty of | director liked what he saw, and | got my first job! ‘opportunities in the film industry. Go for (44) unrr 2 The Working Worldwr Read the interview again and choose the best answer a, b, ¢ or d for each question. When did the stuntman meet the 5. Finding work after Stanley had got his first job was interviewer? While he was living in London. b_ he was visiting London. ¢ he was working in London. d Why did the children watch him? They 6 a. wanted him to fall from the tree. b wanted him to go to hospital. wanted to see him doing his stunt. d_ were worried he might get hurt. ‘When he took up mountaineering, a a he was sixteen, he went to hospital, he found a job. d_ someone tried to stop him, How did David help Stanley? 8 a He gave him a job as a stuntman, b He told him about the course. ¢ He told him he had got a job. d_ He took him to see the director. BJ) Find words in the interview that have the following meanings. The words are in the same order as they appear in the interview. ene ee aa 0 normal (para 1) visit (para 1) worriedly (para 2) most recent (para 2) advice (para 3) excitement (para 7) written account (para 8) arrange (para 8) type; kind (para 9) possibilities of getting work (para 9) b c a easy because the film company helped. difficult because no one helped. very difficult in the beginning. easy when he'd been in a film. How long was Stanley in the air? a b ¢ a Jess than a minute more than a minute a long time forever How has Stanley avoided serious injury? a b S a He has a good safety record. He has never broken any bones, He is careful who he works for. ~ He has been lucky. a Stanley a b © a used to wait a long time on set. thinks it’s normal to wait around on set. is impatient when he’s waiting. takes days to film each stunt. “ UNIT 2 The Working World (15‘Complete the sentences with these words. fee find work full-time job agency part-time qualities qualifications salary ‘unemployed wage 1 Itisnot enough to have good from university. You also need the right personal to do your job well. 2A is the set amount of money that someone who works in a profession earns every month. A is the money someone usually earns every week. A is the money someone is paid to do a particular job or offer a professional service. 3. There is such a lot of unemployment at the moment that it js really hard to 4 Tused to work . but I have been working and doing just three hours a day since I had my second child. 5 Jane is looking for work and so she spends a lot of time at the 6 Before Jack found his job he had been for ten months. Complete the sentences with these prepositions. You need to use some of them more than once. for in of on up ‘The workers in that factory have been strike for two weeks now. called the number I saw in the job advertisement and set an interview. You must fill your details on the application form and post it to the following address. What do your parents do a living? Susan has been out work for two weeks now and is trying to find a job. Twenty people applied the position of sales manager, but we only interviewed ten of them. Mr Jenkins is available an interview on Wednesday of next week, ewan kee The doctor was exhausted because he'd been duty at the hospital for 13 hours. Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. apply carn employ fire interview. offer promote retire My grandfather last month and has started golf lessons now that he has more free time. After seeing that ad in the paper for a research assistant, I just had to for it Susan’s earning more money now because her boss her last Christmas. How many people does this company ne wee ‘They me that job last week but I said ‘no’, I don’t want to work so far from home. Most lawyers a lot of money, especially if they have a good reputation. Tve ‘many people, but none of them are suitable for the job. We'll have to advertise again, The worst part of being a manager is when you have to people because they are not doing their job well enough. UNIT 2 The Working Worldms Look at this example from the interview. It contains two actions. Actually, 1 was learning white-waier rafting when I applied for my first job. Which action interrupted an unfinished action? Which tense is used for this action’? Which tense is used for the unfinished action? Look at this example from the interview. It contains two facts. It got easier when I'd been in a few films... Which fact came first? Which tense is used to show that it happened first? Look at this example from the interview. he worked as a stuntman for a small independent film company that had been filming on location . Which tenses are used in the sentence? and Which tense talks about an action which was in progress before another action in the past? ‘Study 2.1-2.4 of the Grammar Reference on pages 176-177 before you do the tasks. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect Continuous. More than one answer may be possible. Change of job 1a) (see) Laura, an old school friend of mine, last week while I (2) (wait) for a train to London. We (3) (not see) each other since leaving schoo! nearly fifteen years ago. We (4) (lose) contact because she (5) (go) away to college to study law. | 16) (expect) her to be working as a lawyer, but she (7)__(tell) me she had given everything up to work with blind children. She (8) (only / be) in the job for ‘a couple of weeks but she (9) (really / enjoy) it. | oy (be) great to see her again and we (11) (promise) each other that we would keep in touch regularly now that she is back in the neighbourhood. UNIT 2 The Working Wort (17BD You will hear a woman from an employment agency leaving a message on someone's answering machine. For questions 1-8, complete the sentences. Peter is going to apply for a job as a ‘There are over other people applying for the job. $0 moke sure you fil in the right answer. 1 . | ityouhave to write 2 The position available is for hours per week, [Jenoiesnien cect 3. The hourly wage is ‘ | number not & word, a ‘£10.50, not ten 4 He must be at the interview by 7 be i ona ity 5 The address is pence. Furthermore, sometimes two dates 6 He has to ask for Maria on the = ee + 8 Peter has been unemployed for over Work with a partner. One of you should look at photographs A and B and the other at C and D. Compare and contrast them and say what qualities people need to do this kind of work. Use the expressions and the words under the pictures to help you. Then discuss the questions below. These photographs show people... ‘The person in the first picture is / appears to be ... whereas the person in the second picture is / seems to be / looks as though physical strength, being careful cleanliness, being observant Which job do you think is most interesting? Why? Which of these jobs would you like to do? Why/Why not? (48) uniT2 The Working Worldaa EGramimar Link, Perle ee eee ‘Look at these examples from Task A and the interview. 1... Fused to spend all my free time... 2 The others would watch anxiously to see . 3... Fused to be foolish .. Which examples describe a past habit? and Which example describes a past state? Look at this example from the interview. .. I got used to spending most weekends in the local children’s hospital! Does this sentence talk about a past habit or something that became familiar to someone in the past? Look at this example from the interview. Tm used to waiting on film sets for hours on end. ‘This sentence talks about something that is familiar to someone. Does it talk about the past, the present, or the future? COs We can use used to to talk about a past, and a past = We use would to talk about apast_ We use to talk about something familiar. We can use it to talk about the past, the present or the future. Study 2.5 of the Grammar Reference on page 177 before you do the task. Complete the sentences with used to, would, or the correct form of be/get used to. More than one answer may be possible. 1 When Iwasa child 1 dream of being a famous actress. 2 Charles works in a bank, so he spending most of the day sitting at a desk. 3. It took Diana a long time to speaking Italian when she worked in Rome. 4 Before David moved, he live far away from the office. 5 Don't worry! I’m sure you waking up early in the morning to go to work. 6 Thomas answer the phones in this hotel, but now he’s the reservations manager. 71 interviewing people because I do it every week. 8 Will you ever to earning so much money? UNIT 2 The Working World (19)In this unit, you are going to learn to write a letter applying for a job. (QB Read the question. Then read the advertisement and the notes you have made. You have seen this advertisement in a newspaper. Write a letter applying for the job. eR Wena uscd Me aCe eed Ca nk Maan ed Rae cg eee Sere ee eRe iar eee ea orem aU eee tS Crag ceca ements Work with a partner. Decide which of the following points should be included in a letter applying for this, job. Check (¥/) the points you think should be included, 1 where you read about the job 2. how many brothers and sisters you have 3° how old you are 4 details about your education and/or experience 5 how you spend your weekends 6 why you think you would be good at the job 7 why you want the job ' 8 _ your hobbies or interests ' 9 your favourite football team ' 10 when you are available for an interview or to start work ' 11 where you usually go on holiday ' 12 why you are writing | Now write your letter applying for the job. Use your notes from task L, your ideas from task M, the letter outline below and the helpful expressions. (140-160 words) Ce uC! Greeting Dear Sir/Madam, Paragraph 1 Say why you are writing and how you heard EL oe about the job. Say why you want (nolan) these am writing in connection with Paragraph 2 Give personal details about yourself - . 5 education, current job, etc Having seen your advertisement, . Paragraph 3 Talk about your experience and the reasons have always been interested in why you would be good at the job. believe Ihave a lot to offer because Clo ig Paragraph Say when you are available and that you are looking forward to their reply. Signing off Yours faithfully, (your name) Took forward to hearing from you. (20) UN 2 The Working World TeeUnit 6 Followers of Fashion Learning Link In this unit you will learn ‘+ words and phrases to help you talk about fashion and clothing, * to discuss the factors that influence the clothes we wear. + to write an article describing a favourite piece of clothing, * to talk about the future, GB Discuss these questions with a partner. Can you think of three things you really like and three things you don’t like at all about fashion today? Give reasons for your choices. Would you like to work in the fashion business? Why/Why not? UnITg Fotiowers of Fashion (21 )GD) Pead the college prospectus quickly and find out what qualifications are needed for full-time and part-time Fairfield College of Fashion Do you enjoy art? Are you interested in fashion? Are you prepared to work hard in order to learn about new ideas and techniques? Do you want to be one of the top designers of the 2Ist century? @ Fairfield, in the heart of the beautiful English countryside, now offers aide range of both part-time and full-time courses that cover all the theoretical knowledge and practical skills you will ever need to be a success in the glamorous world of fashion. @__) interesting and the seminars aren't boring at all. | —_) Part-time courses startin September and will ihe sie finish, Pi have be available in the evenings or at weekends. ‘Two new part-time courses are starting this year ~ Evening Wear Design and Colour in Fashion. €]___) You don’t need to have any will soon be working in the exciting fashion industry. Maybe one day somebody rich and. famous will be wearing one of your designs! Still not sure if this is the right college for you? Here are some comments from students who are studying at Fairfield at the moment, to help you decide. | “The courses here are so eamt so much at Fairfield that I really believe my dream will come true.’ Helen, aged 19 qualifications to join these courses; they are ‘open to everybody, as long as you are over 18 ‘’m interested in finding on Ist September. different ways 10 make clothes My lecturer says my ideas ‘The full-time courses will also be starting in September. @{__} In December, our students are going to visit one of the top : i Ro v years, But he fashion colleges in London, and next April ae Ut See Be says my classwork isn't quite the lecturers are taking a group of students to ‘ Psmastectrmcaraiey er CR the fashion show before they meet the French are great and that Iwill be making clothes in Paris or Jeremy, aged 20 designers. During the summer, all students “The best thing about . will complete a project and everybody's work Faifield is hat you get the will go into a national exhibition. These chance to combine work d full-time courses are demanding and you will experience with your classes. need to prove you can work to a high standard. By the end of next week, [ll Applicants must have two A levels ora similar have been working as a fashion qualification before they can apply for these designer's assistant for two courses. But all your hard work will be worth months. It’s really exciting.’ it in the end. If you do well at Fairfield, you Patricia, aged 19 @) irs rottowere of FashionThere are six sentences missing trom the prospectus. Read through it again and choose from sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use. A. Pall details of both courses will be available soon, B__ I’ve always dreamt of being a world-famous fashion designer. C__Ifso, then Fairfield College of Fashion is just the place for you to complete your studies. D__ I'm going to work really hard this term so that I get good grades. E Full-time students will have lessons on all aspects of fashion and design, as well as practical lessons and field trips to learn more about the industry. > F Would you like to study in a big exciting cit G The courses vary from one to three years in length and you will qualify for either a diploma or a degree, depending on which course you decide to follow. ly Ni i {G)_maten the words and phrases from the prospectus to thelr meanings. <> <> 1 techniques (para 1) a one hundred years 2 century (para 1) b teacher at university or college 3 heart (para 2) © things people said 4 range (para d have value despite the effort 5 courses (para 2) € provided that 6 theoretical (para 2) f particular ways of doing something 7 as long as (para 3) based on ideas rather than practical experience 8 lecturers (para 4) h middle 9 project (para 4) sets of seminars and lectures 10 demanding (para 4) i variety LL beworth it (para 4) k assignment 12 comments (para 5) 1 difficult UNIT s Followers of Fashion (28 )B match. belt high-heeled shoes overalls sandals shirt suit swimming trunks trousers waistcoat OO00000000000 blouse Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. Lynn is a fantastic designer although she doesn’t actually have any . QUALIFY ‘You can learn lots of things at college, but you still need experience. PRACTICE Being a fashion model is very ; but it’s also very hard work. GLAMOUR Julia is very talented so she’s going to be ‘one day. FAME I got some really useful about courses at the fashion college when I was there, INFORM On in Paris, the top fashion designer went straight to his hotel room. ARRIVE ‘There will be an of costumes from Hollywood starting next week. EXHIBIT I watched a television show about hat designers that was very . EDUCATE 24) UNIT3 Followers of Fashionoo Circle the correct words. 1 My grandmother finds it difficult to get to the shops, so she buys a lot of her clothes from. brochures / catalogues . 2 Lucy left university with a certificate / degree in Fashion and is now a successful designer in New York. After spending so many years studying, she was very well-trained / well-qualified and found it easy to get a job. Can I borrow / lend your black leather jacket on Saturday fo wear to the concert? Wear / Put on your coat now, please, because it's time to leave. ‘There were quite a few famous people in the audience / spectators during the fashion show. buy all my clothes from that shop because you can’t seem to find better quality / quantity wane anywhere else. 8 Doyou have any handbags that fit / mateh these shoes? eee a Look at these examples from the prospectus. 1... all the theoretical knowledge and practical skills you will ever need .. 2 The full-time courses will also be starting in September. Which sentence talks about an arrangement? Which sentence is a promise? Look at these examples from the prospectus. ‘our students are going to visit one of the top . next April the lecturers are taking a group of students to Paris. Do the words in bold talk about promises, predictions, or arrangements? Which form and which tense are used to show this Which tense is used in the following example? Part-time courses start in September. Does the verb talk about the present, past or future? Is this an example of a prediction or a scheduled event? Look at these examples from the prospectus. By the time I finish, I have learnt so much at Fairfield .. By the end of next week, I'M have been working .. Which of the words in bold is an example of the Future Perfect Continuous? Which is an example of the Future Perfect Simple? We use the Future Perfect tense to say that something will have happened before a certain time in the future. The Future Perfect __ a tense is used to say how long something will have been in progress at a certain time in the future. Look at this example from the prospectus. Students will watch the fashion show before they meet the French designers. Does this sentence talk about the present or the future? Which tense follows the word before? ees We must use a ___ tense after words like before, when and other time expressions ina future clause. b Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 3 on pages 177-178 before you do the tasks, UNIT Followers of Fashion (25)GJ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. More than one answer may be possible. 1 Many fashion designers predict that young people ____ (buy) many more accessories to match their outfits next year. By the time we arrive in the city centre, she aH (Go) her shopping. Have you decided what you (ovear) to the school dance next Saturday? We (have) a faney dress party over the weekend for our teacher, sinee it is her birthday. According to the advertisement, the new boutique on High Street _ ______ (open) next month 6 [don't believe the mini-skirt _ _____ (ever / disappear). ‘The designer isn’t here right now. She _____ (be back) in a few minutes, 8 We __ (wait) for you outside the changing room, GB Circle the correct words. I think I getting / will get my sister a pair of earrings. | will be staying / will have stayed in the Luxor Hotel for the fashion show. Are you sure your father going to understand / will understand why you changed the sweater? We can’t give you a refund until the manager arrives / will arrive The designer has / is having a party next Friday. 1 2 3 4 5 Mary is going to wear / will have been wearing a striped blouse with her new skirt tomorrow evening, 6 7 By next June, I will have been studying / will be studying at this fashion college for three years. 8 When I will change / change my shoes, we can go for a walk. (tistening Link) = @B You will hear four people talking about fashi describes what they say. The: |. Choose from the list (a-e) the sentence that best one extra letter that you do not need to use. a The speaker likes to wear fashionable colours. b Comfort is an important aspect of clothing. ¢ The speaker has huge arguments with his/her parents about Speaker 2 his/her appearance. Clothes should say something about who you are. The cost of following fashion amazes the speaker. Speaker 1 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 UNIT Followers of FashionWork with a partner. Talk about the factors that may influence us when choosing the clothes we wear ‘and choose the three most important factors from the list below. Put them in order, starting with the factor you think is the most important. Give reasons for your answers. Would you like to start? / May I start? I see what you mean, but I'm not sure that I agree with you. Yes, I agree with you. I think we should include ... because The obvious choice is ..., because ‘What do you think? Don't you think that ... is We think that ...and ... are the most important .. We've decided to choose ... and ... because they show... ( Now report back to the class. ) UNIT 3 Followers of FashionIn this unit, you are going to learn to write an article about your favourite piece of clothing. Read the question. Then read the advertisement. The editor of a fashion magazine has placed an advertisement for an article about clothing in the magazine. Write an article describing your favourite piece of clothing. Teen Fashion Monthly wants to hear from you. What is your favourite piece of clothing? ‘We will publish some of the best articles sent in by our readers in next month's issue, Now read an article that has been written for the magazine. Add any punctuation or capital letters necessary and separate the article into four paragraphs. My Favourite Piece of Clothing for somebody like me who loves clothes it's hard to decide which piece of clothing is my favourite | however i do have one piece of clothing that i love ~ my denim jacket my jacket isn’t new in fact. | it’s quite old i bought it two years ago when i was on holiday in london it’s very faded now but i think it looks nicer that way i probably wear my jacket at least three times a week the great thing about it is that i can wear it with anything it looks good with jeans or shorts but it’s also fine with | smart clothes too i nearly alwa | ys wear my jacket when i go out with my friends i don’t know what i'm going to do when my jacket gets too old to wear ~ ll just have to buy a new one i suppose! | QB Now write your article about your favourite piece of clothing. Use the hints and the outline to. help you. (140-160 words) Article Outline Paragraph 1 Introduce the item you are going to write about. Paragraphs 2 and 3 Describe the item: say when/ where you bought it; write about when/where you wear it. Paragraph 4 Conclusion ~ say something general to end with. (ZB) UNITS Followers of Fashion eeUnit oO That’s Entertainment! Learning Link In this unit you will learn + words and phrases to help you talk about different forms of entertainment. + to exchange and express opinions about entertainment. + to write an essay describing an ever ‘to talk about the past, the present, and the future. (LY Match the dancers to the countries they come from. 000 2 Haw | 3 Russia 4 Scotland (_) 5 Spain Cc UNIT 4 That's Entertainment! (23)Reading Link BB Read the dance festival brochure and say which dances you would be interested in watching or doing, Background Information on the Different ‘A Dances of India During the festival, some of India's most famous dancers will be performing classical dances. In one, the dancers represent characters from another world and show that the truth will always win over les. In addition to classical dances, there will also be two folk dances, one af which is performed in September to Celebrate the arrival of autumn and another that is often performed after a recovery from a serious illness, ‘These are just three of the dances that will give you a better understanding of Indian culture. B Javanese Traditional Dances The e-Kay Dance Ensemble, which are touring the Far East at the moment, will give two performances at the festival, Both performances will concentrate on cour dances as well as traditional dances. ‘One court danes is performed by nine female dancers and tells the story of a meeting with the powerful ‘and beautiful goddess of the South Seas. During this dance, a tenth ‘invisible’ dancer, a beautiful princess, appeats. A second dance represents the wish to live in peace and people believe that it aves physical energy when itis danced properiy. Native American Dances ‘Among the Native American dances is the spectacular Hopi Snake Dance. Before this dance is performed, live snakes are collected. During the dance, members of the Hopi tribe hold snakes between their teeth. The following day, the snakes are released so that they can tail other animals that the Hopi are moving in rhythm with nature. ‘The Hopi often invite members of the audience to participate in their dances, so i you have a fear of snakes, sit towards the back of the arena D Mortis Dancing Morris dancing began in England in the 15th century, when it was part of the celebrations held at crop planting or harvesting times. It was well known in Shakespeare's time, but by the end of the 19th century, ithad almost disappeared. At that time, only a small number of people practised it in villages in the English Midlands. Since then, it has been increasing in popularity in England and the USA, where people from all professions join together to celebrate the changing seasons. The dancers, known as teams, wear bells, wave handkerchiefs or sticks, and dance to simple tunes, ‘The teams appearing at the All About Dance Festival come from diflerent areas of England, so you will notice slight differences in the dances they perform. Flamenco Although we know that people were dancing flamenco when Charles V of Spain became king, no one is really sure of its history. ‘There are more than a dozen types of flamenco, many of which express sadness. One classic type tells the story of a beautiful gif who brings tragedy to herself and her village. Now that most flamenco is performed for tourists, there are complaints that it lacks feeling, but the news that Joaquin Cortés is going to appear at the All About Dance Festival guarantees fine flamenco. F Breakdancing The Poison Breakdance Association (PBA) trom Detrotts flying in for the last three days of the festival 10 ive @ display. For the younger, more adventurous audience, there is the chance to join them on stage. You will see their acrobatic performance of dances such as the bronco, Ninja outburst, and the suicide. (D) UNIT 4 That's Entertainment!Read the brochure again and answer the questions. Choose from paragraphs A-F. (ivnien pan) mentions a dancer that cannot be seen? refers to performers who dance with animals? describes an unhappy dance? refers to a dance that can give strength? ‘mention non-human characters? gives a warning? refers to a dance performed in a particular month’ ‘mentions gymnastic skills? ‘mentions a dance that was almost forgotten?” refers to a dance celebrating somebody getting well? ‘mentions the possibility of a doctor dancing with an engineer? Find these words in the brochure and circle the correct meanings. 1 represent (part A) play the part of show again feeling worse getting better staying in travelling around not able to be seen not able to be heard. recovery (part A) touring (part B) invisible (part B) spectacular (part C) ordinary dramatic released (part C) set free given away participate in (part C) watch be part of practised (part D) performed tried professions (part D) jobs countries guarantees (part E) promises provides display (part F) game show place where performers get dressed stage (part F) place where performers act, dance, etc. ee oe oe Te oe Te oe Te ee Te See UNIT That's Entertainment! (31)I! Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 We were lucky enough to meet some of the actors after the . PERFORM 2 Are you entering the dance 2 COMPETE 3° They held the concert in the gardens of a house. BEAUTY 4° The of this play surprised everyone, POPULAR 5 Robert made a because the play started so late. COMPLAIN 6 The between the two singers’ voices was amazing. SIMILAR 7 The for the new dance school was great. CELEBRATE 8 She's a good dancer, but her last show was not SUCCESS Complete the sentences with these words. box office concerts festival gallery instrument play programme reviews 1 Wesawa with great actors at the Trinity Arts Theatre last week. 2 You can get tickets for the performance at the before the show begins. 3 When Margaret goes to the theater, she likes to buy a so she can find out about the play and the actors before she sees the performance, 4 My grandmother enjoys listening to classical on the radio. 5 Myssister has a lot of free time, so she’s decided to learn how to play a musical 6 I don’t pay any attention to the of new books; I prefer to read them myself and make up my own mind. 7 This town always has a music in the summer where musicians and singers from all over the country come and perform, 8 Have you seen the exhibition of his work at the new art 32.) UNIT 4 That's Entertainment!Complete the sentences with these prepositions. All the phrases are in the brochure. from in of, on with 1 The lead singer has made a good recovery his throat infection and will be back stage tonight. Watching dance performances in other countries can give you some understanding their culture. 3. The song's message is that people should live peace. 4 Can you arrange for me to have a meeting the theater manager, please? The famous ballet dancer had a fear flying, so he always travelled by car. rar Look at these examples from the brochure, Which tenses are used? 1. famous dancers will be performing ... (part A) 2... which are touring ... (part B) 3... Hopi ofien invite... (part C) 4 Morris dancing began ... (part D) 5... ithad almost disappeared. (part D) 6... it has een increasing .. (part D) 7... Joaquin Cortés is going to appear ... (part E) 8 The... (PBA)... is flying in... (part F) Find the full sentence in the text for each example and underline it, Now look at the context of each sentence and answer the following questions. Which example(s) talk(s) about: a a future arrangement? . and o something that happens regularly? something that is taking place at the moment? something that started in the past but still continues? something that happened before a certain time in the past? So something that happened at a certain time in the past? Study the Grammar Reference for Units 1-3 on pages 175-178 before you do the tasks. UNIT 4That’s Entertainment! (33)Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the tenses and the forms you have learnt in Units 1-3. More than one answer may be possible. Suffolk Wildlife Park Ever since it (1) (open) last year, Suffolk Wildlife Park has become one of the largest wildlife attractions in the UK. When visiting the park, you Q) (actively / take part) in a really thrilling adventure. The creative design of the park (3) Hl (bring) you closer to African wildlife than you ever thought possible. Among the collection of animals is a group of magnificent lemurs, distant cousins of monkeys, which (4) (almost / become) extinct until they 6) (be) rescued a few years ago. The Park organisers have promised that they (6) e you can enjoy these animals at your | o (build) special facilities for visitors to watch some of (create) six beautiful islands where isure in a natural habitat. At the moment, they their favourite animals close-up, According to recent reports, the organisers (8) (also / introduce) new combined entertainment and learning opportunities in the near future. GB Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the given word. Write between two and five words. 1 The last time I went to the cinema was when I was on holiday in London. not I to the cinema since I was on holiday in London. 2 [have arranged to listen to some music with Tom around ten, so don’t call me then. listening 1 to some music with Tom around ten, so don’t call me then. 3° When my father was working in Spain, he went to watch flamenco dancers every weekend, would ‘When my father was working in Spain, he to watch flamenco dancers every weekend. 4 The film ended and then my dad walked into the room. already The film when my dad walked into the room, 5 [plan to get my sister a CD for her birthday, am 1 get my sister a CD for her birthday. 6 [bought this DVD player two years ago. had I this DVD player for two years. (BA) untra mat’s entertainment!ef You will hear two friends, Sally and Tom, planning their weekend together. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer, a, b or c. 1 Tom thinks that the museum 4 What time will they meet outside the museum? a sounds funny. later than half past ten bis too expensive. Dat half past ten ¢ is too far away. ¢ earlier than half past ten 2 What will it cost Tom to go to the museum fora day? 5 Sally says a 2 ashe really wants to go for pizza. b 8 b_ she’s too tired to go out. nothing © they've seen enough films recently. 3° The museum 6 Toms worried that a closes at 6 o'clock on Saturdays. a_ he won't like the nightclub. b_ is open 10 till 6 on Mondays. b_ he'll miss the basketball game. ¢ is closed every Thursday. ¢ he’s spending too much money. Do you think there are enough entertainment facilities in your area? What do you do in your free time? Is it necessary to spend a lot of money to enjoy yourself? Do you think there are some forms of entertainment teenagers prefer to enjoy with their friends rather than with their familie What are they? Why? Do you think teenagers should be back at home by a certain time? ‘What does this depend on? Sometimes parents are not happy about their children staying ‘out late in the evening, Why do you think they feel this way? At what age do you think children should be allowed to {20 out without their parents? Why? ( Now report back to the class. ) In my free time, I like to .. I (don’t) think/believe that ... In my opinion, teenagers prefer to .. probably because T think this because ... UNIT 4 That's Entertainment! (35 )Review om Grammar For questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, ¢ or d, a a new house soon. 9 I the project by 3 o'clock tomorrow. a ambuying a am finishing b buy b will have been finishing have bought ¢ will have finished have been buying d_ used to finish 2 You the time of your life when you 10 Peter and I the big shopping mall on g0 to Fairfield College. Saturday morning. a. will be having a will be visiting b will have b have visited ¢ will have been having ¢ would visit d_ will have had visit 3 We ____ in this house for ten years now. 11 Recycling the environment. a have been living a helping b had lived b have been helping live helps dare living have helped 4° Jayne ___ a burglar alarm to protect her house. 12 By March, I for six months. a has been buying a am studying b has bought b_ will have been studying used to buy will study @_ buys dam going to study se eight candidates yesterday, but none of 13° Linda ___ television while Pat was them were suitable. reading her book. a interviewed a was watching, b was interviewing b will watch had interviewed ¢ will have been watching d_ had been interviewing dis watching 6 1 ____ lots of essays for my college course —we 14 Paul for tickets at the box office get at least three a week! just now. a was writing queues b will have written b had been queueing would write «is queueing dam used to writing has queued 7 They ___ for hours before they finished the scene. 15 Jamie to the cinema last night. a used to film a has gone b are going to be filming b_ will go ¢ will be filming © 20 had been filming @ went 81 as a Sales Manager for thirty years by the 16 I __ the piano since I was eight years time I retired. old and I still enjoy it. a had worked a had been playing b_ worked b had played ¢ got used to working will play d_ will have worked have been playing (28) neve 1 units 1-4Writ 8 Where on Earth? Learning Link In this unit you will learn ‘+ words and phrases to help you talk about places and different kinds of holidays ‘= to ask and answer questions about places you have special memories of and places you would like to visit, ‘+ to write an essay describing a place. + to talk about ability using cam, could, and be able 10; to talk about ob necessity using must and have fo and to talk about necessity using need, tion and Work with a partner. Decide which of the items below you might need to take with you on the following types of holiday. Give reasons for your answers. * a beach holiday * sightseeing in Europe ari + mountaineering UNIT 5 Where on Earth? (39 )GB Feaz this chapter from The Survival Guide for Adventure Seekers to find out what dangers are linked to the temperature. mili ‘Adventure travel is now becoming popular with many teenagers. Goneare the days when you could only go on holiday with adults. From heli-hiking (helicopter flights and long distance walks) and mountaineering to white-water rafting or whale-watching, adventure holidays can now give you more variety and excitement than ever. You don't ‘have to be a top athlete to go on a walking, sailing, or sports holiday, but you do need t0 be well prepared in lots of ways. If you and your friends are planning an exciting trip somewhere this year, there are a few things you ought to know before you set off: Dos and Don'ts First of all, wherever there is adventure, there is also danger. The most important item that you must take with you is a first aid kit. You don't need to buy a special kit; you could easily make your own. You need to include some painkillers, some cream for insect bites and stings, and plasters and bandages for any injuries. If you don't think you'll be able to buy them on holiday, it’s also a good idea to take throat pastilles and tablets for an upset stomach. Don’t forget to pack the sunscreen, either, The sun doesn’t only burn you on lazy beach | holidays. You can get sunburnt when you're sailing, hiking, or cross-country skiing, too. tt using up a lot of energy during the day, you can suffer from heat exhaustion hecause your body runs short of water or salt. You have to drink plenty of water in hot places, especially after exercise, and you must take in | extra salt (either in food or in tablet form). If you are in very hot temperatures for a long time, you could end up with heatstroke. This will make you feel very unwell, with a high temperature and a headache. Anybody with heatstroke must get medical help immediately. A ‘The temperature can also be tricky. In hot places, it isn’t only sunburn you have to worry about. If you're also Low temperatures can also be a problem, If your idea of adventure is sailing, rafting, or climbing mountains, you might find yourself in cold conditions. The main danger is hypothermia, which occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it. A long mountain walk on a cold, windy day, plus wet clothing, tiredness, and hunger could also give you hypothermia, You need to be prepared by wearing several layers of clothing (not just one big, thick sweatshirt). You ust Wear a hat, as a lot of body heat is lost through the head, and a good waterproof jacket. You don't need to have huge amounts of food with you, but some sugary foods (like chocolate!) for quick energy and plenty of fluids are important if you want to stay safe in the cold. Adults always have to look out for signs of cold in children, as they can die of hypothermia very quickly. Wherever your travels take you, you'll have to drink water. The main thing to remember is that you mustn't drink the local water if you arent sure that it’s safe. You will ustally be able to buy bottled water wherever you are. If not, you can take special water purification tablets with you that will make the local tap water safe to drink. Finally, if you ever have to drink water and you are worried that it isn’t pure, you must boil it for ten minutes before drinking it, Otherwise, you could get very il, So, with careful planning and preparation, you can have a great time on adventure holidays. Just make sure you follow this advice and then you'll be able to come home safe and sound and tell your mum and dad that they needn't have worried about you UNITS Where on Earth?Vocabul Link 5 What kinds of foods can help you if you've got hypothermi {G)_Fead the chapter again and answer the questions. 1 What can adventure holidays offer a young person? 2 What is the most important thing to take with you on an adventure holiday? 3. What are the two things you must do if you're exercising in a hot climate? 4 Which part of your body does a lot of your body heat get lost through? 6 What can you do if you're not sure that local water is safe to drink? (@) Find words or phrases in the chapter from the survival guide which have the following meanings. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ul 2 choice (part 1) should (part 1) difficult, problematic (part 3) extreme tiredness (part 3) surroundings (part 4) creates, makes (part 4) more than two (part 4) a piece of clothing that keeps you dry (part 4) liquids (part 4) clean (part 5) heat a liquid until it starts to bubble (part 5) organisation (part 6) {© _Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings. Geos Sexaaueune end up with get in let down point out call back run short of see off set off take in use up <> Gon tenn oe begin a journey finish not have much left eat or drink enter a car, taxi, ete. disappoint make somebody realise or notice something find yourself in an unexpected situation return somebody's phone call g0 to an airport, station, ete with somebody to say goodbye UNIT 5 Where on Earth? (41Complete the sentences 1 a ken aa 10 the phrasal verbs from Task E. We early so that we would arrive at lunchtime. When the weather gets hotter, you should more water to stay healthy. We've never camping supplies; we've always got enough. We looked everywhere for the perfect hotel because we didn’t want to with a horrible room you all your air miles when you flew to Paris last month? Will you the car so we can leave? We're late! Claire was by David when he cancelled their sightseeing trip and went to the beach instead. It's often better to go on a guided tour because the tour guide can interesting | sights along the way. } Could you the travel agent? He rang when you were out. Did she her parents at the airport when they left yesterday? ‘Complete the sentences with these words. capital coast country crossroads destination east_ “motorway _ valleys Sylvia used to live in the west of Scotland, but now she’s moved to the Jane’s family spend their holidays walking up mountains and through I'm so used to living in a big city that I could never move to the One of the main reasons T enjoy living on the is the fresh sea breeze. ‘Take the second turn on the left, then go right at the I’s a good idea to drive on the if you want to cover long distances by car quickly. We'll spend two nights in Bangkok, but our final is New Zealand. Did you know Canberra is the of Australia? (42) units where on Earth?Look at these examples from the chapter. Gone are the days when you could only go on holiday with adults. _ adventure holidays can now give you more variety... Both examples talk about ability. What word talks about the present? What word talks about the past? Look at this example from the chapter. Ifyou don’t think you'll be able to buy them on holiday .. Which words talk about ability in the future? ‘Can we replace ean and could in the first two examples above with the correct form of be able to? Look at these examples from the chapter. Adults always have to look out for signs of cold in children, Anybody with heatstroke must get medical help immediately. Which verbs talk about obligation? and Do these verbs mean the same? Look at these examples of the negative forms from the chapter. You don't have to be a top athlete to . you mustn't drink the local water... Do these verbs mean the same? ‘Which verb talks about something we are not allowed to do? Look at this example from the chapter. You need to be prepared by wearing several layers of clothing Does this example talk about the present/future or past? Find an example of the negative form of need to in the text. # ‘What are the past forms of need to and don’t need to? and Look at this example from the chapter. .» tell your mum and dad that they needn't have worried about you. Does this example talk about the past, present or future? Was it necessary for the parents to worry? Did the parents know this ‘Need to talks about necessity inthe __. The negative form is _ The past form of need to is . The past form of don’t need to is £ __ means that we did something in the past which we now know was unnecessary. Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 5 on pages 178-179 before you do the tasks. UNIT 5 Where on Earth? (43{| ED Maten tne sentences. 1 Martin won't be going away with his parents. a You needn't have got more. 2. The hotel is not very busy. b Helllbe able to come on holiday with uy, \ 3. He'd already spent a lot redecorating his © You'll be able to see how beautiful the house, countryside was. | 4) Thave already bought some souvenirs He can help us with our luggage. 5 The restaurant manager agreed that the e We must get visas before we go. | eee f We don’t need to hurry. 6 Every summer, the hotel is very busy g The manager needs to hire more staff, (Here iethelporter: h He couldn't afford to have a holiday 8 The plane has been delayed. as well. 9 We've booked a holiday in Brazil. i You don’t have to book a room, 10 She'll show you her holiday photos. J We didn't need to pay all of our bill. EB Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the given wor and write between two and five words. 1 Anna is free tomorrow evening so she can take you sightseeing. able Anna you sightseeing tomorrow evening because she is free 2. Thank you for the souvenir from Berlin, but you shouldn't have bought it. needn't You me a souvenir from Berlin, but thank you anyway. 3 My father has insisted that I take photographs of all the historical sights. to My father says I photographs of all the historical sights. 4 Only come to the beach if you want to, have You come to the beach. ift. must this lift. 5 Guests are not allowed to use this Guest 6 Isit necessary to mect your aunt outside the station? need Dowe _ your aunt outside the station? 7 Winning the lottery has given James the ability to travel to lots of exotic places. been Since he won the lottery, James travel to lots of exotic places. 8 Years ago, most people weren't able to afford holidays abroad. could Years ago, most people _ holidays abroad. 9 He drove me home in his car, so it wasn’t necessary for me to catch the bus. did 1 the bus because he drove me home in his car. 10. The restaurant is big enough for us to have our party there. can We at the restaurant because it’s big enough. 44) UNITS Where on Earth?Link, o@ GD You will hear people tal a,b, ore. ig in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer 1 Listen to this ski instructor speaking. Which part 5S of the mountain does he think is most dangerous? a_ the northern slopes b_ the western slopes ¢ the southern slopes 2 Awoman is interviewing a man about local 6 tourism. He is a allocal resident. b atour guide. © atourist 3° Awoman is giving a man directions. What does he do? 7 a He decides to go shopping instead. b_ He goes the wrong way. ¢ He reaches his destination quite easily. 4A father and daughter are in an art gallery Joking at a painting. Where in the painting 8 is the village situated? a between a mountain and a lake b next toa field of farm animals ¢ inthe foreground of the painting Speaking Link (CQ_ Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. Student A. ‘Two people are discussing the route a parade will take. Where will it end up? a in front of the monument in the town square b_ behind the fountain in the National Gardens ¢ infront of the statue in the park ‘Two friends are talking about advertisements on television. Where is the mobile phone advertisement set? a onamountain b_ in the middle of a desert € next to a swimming pool You will hear a conversation between two people in a car. Where are they? @ ina country lane bata service station © onamotorway A couple has just reached their destination. Why is the woman making fun of the man? a He expected the area to be isolated with few facilities He thought the restaurants would be expensive. ¢ He didn’t expect the local inhabitants to be wild. Student B UNIT 5 Where on Earth? (45Writing Link In this unit, you are going to learn to write an e: Read the question. Then read the essay. yy describing a place. Your teacher has asked your class to write an essay on the following subject: My favourite place. (46) UNIT 5 Where on Earth? My Favourite Place ‘The place I like best is a tiny sweet shop I used to go to when I was young. I remember it so clearly, From outside, the shop looked like a wooden house. It was painted black and white and you had to go down some steps to get inside. The owner of the shop was a small lady with black hair. I can remember her smiling at me from behind the counter. Inside, the sweet shop was like a cave full of hidden treasure. There were hundreds of big glass jars, all full of colourful sweets. All the jars had lids, and I can still hear the sound of the shop owner unscrewing the lids to open the jars. ‘When I'd chosen my sweets, the owner took the jar off the shelf, unscrewed the top, and poured them out. They made a funny rattling sound. When she gave me my sweets in alittle bag, I always felt excited I don’t know if the sweet shop is still there now, but if itis, I hope other children like it as much as I did. Gi] Fead the essay again and answer the questions. (ities paragraphys) @ contain information about sounds?(__Jand(_} D__tellsus how the writer felt? (__] ¢ mentions the place and gives a general comment about it? (_} 4 contains information about people in the place? (__) € gives final thoughts about the place?(_} f contain a description of the place?(__Jand(__) GB _Now write your description of a place. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) be nO aa ine > Paragraph 1 Say whavwhere the place is, Paragraphs 2-4 Describe the place giving details of sights, sounds, feelings, etc. Paragraph 5 Give your final comments about the place. RE eee eeUnit 0 On Your Marks Learning Link In this unit you will tearn + words and phrases to help you talk about sports and hobbie: ‘to compare and contrast photographs showing different activities, to talk about which one is the most exciting, and to give personal information. * to write a transactional letter asking for information, What do you know about the history of these sports and hobbies? Match them to the countries where they first appeared. 1 Egypt © 2 Greece Cai 3 Canada Cc) 4° China C) 5 India c 3 6 NewZealand (_) 1 USA Cc) 8 Scotland Co)| Reading Link “a GB Peaa the article quickly and find out how ong it takes students to make a kite. ae the Asian continent and they were made by people ntri ore they eventually arrived in North Africa is a popular pastime all over the world. sre are special competitions where kites have designs and are equipped with instruments es that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure, the variety of shapes is almost endless, The size of the kites a so large that several people are needed to control them. Kite-fighting contests are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’ kites or cut their strings. For over 25 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on the island of Molokai in Hawaii. Jonathan Socher started the Big Wind Kite Factory in 1980. “We were down to our last $300 when someone suggested, wwe go fly a kite at the hotel,’ he explains. Their kites are made of nylon, and fibreglass is used for the sticks, Their designs are mostly Hawaiian themes ‘created by Jonathan's wife, Daphne. These include hula dancers, palm dolphins, whales, and Hawaiian boats, to mention just a few of the dozens available, The designs are cut ‘out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges to prevent fraying. The designs are then appliquéd directly onto the kite. On a tour of the Big Wind Kite Factory, visitors can see the whole kite-making process, from the cutting and ‘hot-stitching’ of the designs to the icking and fitting of the « ns the kite to the strit (48) UNIT 6 On Your Marks In one of Jonathan's kite-making lessons, students i make Kites in as little as 20 minutes! Provided there is enough wind to fly a kite, they are taken out to the so-called Aeronautical Testing Facility - that means the park next door to the factory! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite, and the Big Wind Kite Factory once trained a 92-year-old grandmother who had always wanted to fly a kite! ‘The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this Kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that itis a two-string controllable acrobatic kite. First, both lines are stretched out approximately 22 metres. Thisis the set distance the kite will fly from the flyer. Big Wind employees launch the kite and for a few minutes demonstrate how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the student. Sometimes an employee holds onto their hands for initial guidance, After about ten or fifteen minutes, several of the students have taken turns and most ai getting used to the idea of it. If they really know wl they are doing, they can be left alone in the park: as long as they wish, Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites Even the simplest structure can work, and can gi hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!{G}_ F624 the article again and choose the best answer a,b,c, ord for each question. {B) Match the words from the Cer aneune 1 Howcan kites make musi cle to invented (para 1) pastime (para 1) complex (para 2) structure (para 2) contests (para 2) sticks (para 4) dozens (para 4) directly (para 4) process (para 4) stretched (para 6) demonstrate (para 7) initial (para 7) 5 Where are the kites tested? a They are designed in a complicated way. a ina scientific facility b They are equipped with musical sounds. inthe next-door factory © The wind blows through them. © inapark d= The wind blows through instruments dat the aeronautical centre lai 6 What is different about the kite that is used for 2 Inkite-fighting contests, flying lessons? a kite strings are sometimes cut. a Ithas a rainbow pattern b__ kite strings must not be cut, b- Itisanormal kite. ¢ kites are held to the ground. ¢ — Itis diamond shaped. kites are never brought to the ground. d_ Ithas two strings. 3 Who designs kites for the Big Wind 7 Employees show students Kite Factory? how to control the direction the kite goes in. a Jonathan Socher b howto pull the strings of the line ba Hawaiian designer © how to make the kite flyin the air. ¢ Daphne Socher howto guide their hands, Daphne s iseas 8 According to Jonathan, to have fun with kites, 4 at hot knife used? you just need a to iron the nylon aan enormous kite. b to stop the edges from coming apart b asimple kite. € to fray the edges © acomplicated structure. 4 toprevent sealing d-_akite that impresses others. ibulary Link their meanings. <> hobby; free-time activity spread straight over a distance on the ground a form b made or thought of for the first time © competitions ds many straight f & h the stages something must go through to be made difficult; not simple J show somebody how to do something klong thin pieces of hard material, used for supporting something 1 happening at the beginning; first UNIT 6 On Your Marks (49(GB Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 She was always very as a child and now she writes songs in her free time, MUSI 2. Skiing is an expensive sport because of all the _ you need. EQUIP 3) What's the between rollerblading and roller-skating? DIFFER 4 Itwas so windy on the hill that the kite was completely . CONTROL 5 Howmany took part in this year’s kite contest? COMPETE 6 My swimming is an Olympic gold medal winner. INSTRUCT 7 There was great when Manchester United scored another goal, EXCITE 8 He's only been playing tennis for a year, but he’s a very player. IMPRES Look at these examples from the article. .~ kites... were made by people in many different countries. Their kites are made of nylon Now look at this example. This cheese is made from goat's milk. Which preposition shows us that something has been completely changed to make a different thing? Which preposition shows us what material has been used and can still be recognised? wii h preposition shows us who or what made something? Complete the sentences with by, of, or from. 1 This bike is made lightweight metal. 2 This tennis racket was made a company that has closed down now. 3° David's toy garage was made __ his grandfather. 4° This sports bag is made leather. 5 The athlete only eats bread made ___ whole wheat flour. Complete the sentences with these words. course court field ~—piteh__~—pool_~—sring rink —_ track 1 Graham goes to the swimming before school to train. 2 Did you have a good view of the football from where you were sitting? 3° Wsa really big house; it's even got a tennis 4 The crowd cheered as the teams came out onto the sports 5 When I was young, I used to spend hours at the skating _____watching the ice skaters. 6 Jameswill meet you at the golf _at ten o'clock, 7 Our classmates stood along the side of the running and clapped as we ran past. 8 ‘The trainer shouted instructions from the edge of the boxing ‘50 ) UNIT 6 On Your Marks.Look at these examples from the article. Kites were invented over 2,500 years ago .. Then the controls are given to the student. ‘The passive is formed with the verb _in the correct form and a_ participle. Look at this example from the article. kites ... were made by people in many different countries Do we know the agent, who made the kites? What word comes before this information? Look at this example from the article. there are special competitions where kites... are equipped with instruments. Do we know the agent in this example? Do we know what the agent used to equip the kites? What word is used to show this? We use the word ___ to introduce the agent. We use the word ___ svhat the agent used to do something. when we want to say Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 6 on page 179 before you do the tasks. {Gi} Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the passive, 1 Spectators (not allow) onto the running track, | 2 Our team is so bad that something must (do) soon. 3 The tennis champion (give) the prize when the fan shouted at her. 4 Most sports stars enjoy (ask) for their autographs. S Thope the team coach (make) full-time manager soon, 6 His motorbike (damage) in yesterday's race. UNIT 6 On Your Marks (51)Complete the second sentence using the passive so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, Use the given word. Use between two and five words. 1 It was the ancient Grecks who started the Olympic Games. by The Olympic Games the ancient Greeks. 2 They held the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. were The 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. 3 You can buy sportswear at that new sports centre. be Sportswear that new sports centre, 4 Many sports equipment companies use athletes to advertise their products. used Athletes many sports equipment companies to advertise their products, 5 This athlete hates people photographing him while he’s training. being This athlete hates while he’s training. Use by or with to complete the following sentences. 1 The pool was damaged the earthquake. 2. The windows in the gymnasium were fitted a special kind of glass. 3 The race is being watched millions of people around the world. 4 Stamps are collected many people as a hobby. 5 The walls of her room were covered posters of her favourite team. 6 The stadium was filled thousands of spectators. Listening Link You will hear a sports report on the radio. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. ‘This basketball championship has been going for) years. ‘The number of teams who took part in the event was 0 The final playoff was between teams from @{___________)and Spain. The team won the championship. The final score was |). ‘The team that won the football final was from@l =” The halftime score was @{—) During the second half@{_ +) goals were scored. ‘The name of the retiring playeris@{C*d He has been playing professional football for: 32.) UNIT 6 On Your Markewr | Speaking Link | Work with a partner. One of you should look at photographs A and B and the other at C and D. Compare and contrast them and say which activity is more exciting to you and why. Would you like to do any of these activities? Why / Why not? What kind of things do you do in your spare time? Do you have a special hobby? What kind of free-time a vities are you not interested in? Why do you think some people like doing dangerous activities? UNIT 6 On Your Marks (53Writing Link 8) uw on Your Marks In this unit, you are going to learn to write a letter asking for information. Read the question. Then read the advertisement and the notes you have made. You have seen the following advertisement and you are interested in finding out more because you love cycli Choose which course you would like to go on. Then, using your notes, write a letter asking for more informatis we've got ust the training course for YOU! ae ees F Cee ety Peta iat] 4 Training’ * mtg fet | ee pe ce ‘When you write a letter asking for information, you need to make your letter formal and polite. One way ol making your writing more formal is to use passive verb forms. Complete the sentences using the passi 1 Could you send me some more information? Could T some more information? 2 Will a qualified instruetor teach the lessons? Could you tell me if the lessons a qualified instructor? 3. Where are you going to hold the lessons? I would like to know where the lessons 4 Will you give students a certificate at the end of the course’? Could you let me know if students § Do you provide bikes? I would like to ask if bikes 6 Do you run the lessons for free? I would like to know if the lessons for free. 7 Do you give advice on bike maintenance and repair? Twas wondering if advice on bike maintenance and repair 8 Do students wear helmets and knee pads? Could you tell me if helmets and knee pads by students? ficate at the end of the course Now write your letter asking for information. Use some of the sentences from task N, the hints and the outline below to help you. (160-180 words) mera Greeting, Dear (Mr Barker), Paragraph 1 Say where and when you saw the advertisement and why you are writing. Paragraph 2 Say which class you are interested in and why. Paragraph 3 Ask about the lessons/equipment/instructors. Closing paragraph Say you would be grateful if they gave you the formation. Say you are looking forward to their reply. gning off Yours sincerely, (your name) ik and talk about what you have learnIn this unit you will learn ‘words and phrases to help you talk about different means of transport. ‘to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different means of transport and to speculate on which ones will be chosen. ‘to write a report about a chosen means of transport. + to use comparatives and superlatives and other comparative structures. J Work with a partner. Match the names of these motor sports to the pictures. Then answer the questions. scrambling cy 2° Formula 1 racing y 3 jet skiing Which ones of these motor sports 4 rally car racing would you be interested in watching or participating in? Why? ‘What speeds can be reached in these motor sports? speed boat racingReading Link Read the report written b y a student for the What to do quickly. Where would you go to watch go-karting while enjoying ameat? erect Introduction Go karting is one of the fastest-growing forms of motor sport in the world and | believe one of the best ways to spend time ‘during the holidays is at a karting track. Thave chosen three of my favourite tracks, all of which are within reasonable driving distance from the school. Buckmore Park _) The track, which was opened in +1965, is extremely popular and has over ‘155,000 vistors annually. It has @ 1300-metre outdoor track, but if you prefer a shorter {rack to this, you can choose from one vith hres olhers available. @__) The {900d thing is that they are all fly new so Jou won't have to press down hard on the ycelerator pedal to speed up. In addition to the high-quality karts, there are first-class facilities, including a restaurant, shop and Galé. tis such a pleasant plage for karting that Johnny Herbert, the Grand Prix driver, has recommended it for karting fans ofall levels. Deavinsons Kart Centre This place is well worth visiting a) ‘The fist of these was that they had two-seater karts, which means that twice a8 many people as usual can have fun together (46) UNIT7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things: Conclusion A day's karting may be a bit more expensive than y it's such great fun that y spending a! tracks are ju and offering more So if you haver get together wit carting, Yo try. the better you'll become and the more you'll enjoy tt He and rear are well supported on these hr nat tears ar 0 goo th x in get a much smoother ride the if 10 in other two-seaters. eee The other The ctor great thing about thelr acks hati omen fous that there are floodlights. lilies here includ @ lude a sho {BIBS showers and an excolnt restaurant tat oeloos te rack Ths mean hal ored while Unfortunatel ant gu ly, one thing that isn't gue is thoweater My lst pho wes spr itrained ioral ee heavily that we could Indikart Etna ~) it may be quite far a away, but for then ga one where you are at the mercy of sho weater his one i for you Iti is th most e njoyable lace to go for large grouy a Uthere af tenor more ver foros orca Teen ver, you Can organise races. ci HS ieudes cracice lps when tmokoo tel you how wel you're doing), four reais Sseméfnas, and a grand fal. tthe end of ices, the winner gets a trophy! if you like kartin ret ate Karting, you can have a bithday jour average day out, but jou won't regret ittle bit more. Also, karting ist getting better and better facilities to visitors, n't had a good time lately, ith some friends and go W'llfind that the harder you{GB There 210 sx sentences missing trom the report. Read through it again and choose from sentences AG the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to us ‘A. So even if there is a long line for the karts, you will never be disappointed provided that you are prepared to race at night. B_ And apart from a choice of tracks, you can also choose faster or slower karts. C_ There are full catering facilities and if you want to take a younger brother or sister along, there are kids’ karts available, too. D__ When a driver loses control of the kart, there are two possible reasons why it happens. E__ This first track may not be quite as good as the others I am going to describe, but at least itis a lot closer since it takes just under half an hour to get there by car and slightly longer by bus. F It may not come with a recommendation from a celebrity, but it gets my vote even though it takes alot longer to get there - because it has two features I particularly liked, G Finally, this is a track where you will always have fun come rain or s karting center. 1¢ because it's an indoor {BD Find these words and phrases the report and circle the correct meanings. specially built place for racing 1 track (Introduction) specially bull lee 2 annually (Buckmore Park) every year every day 3. fairly (Buckmore Park) q very 4 in addition to (Buckmore Park) as well as more than 5 rear (Deavinsons Kart Centre) top back 6 overlooks (Deavinsons Kart Centre) has a view of is behind better than it could have been not as good as it could have been under the control of pleased by first races in a competition last races in a competition 7 spoilt (Deavinsons Kart Centre) 8 at the mercy of (IndiKart) 9 heats (IndiKart) 10 trophy (IndiKart) certificate prize driver famous person important parts important programmes 11 celebrity (extract F) 12 features (extract F) SR oR oe SE oe oe oe oe TE TE ee oe UNIT 7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things (57(LB) Look at these examples from the report. «+ it rained so heavily that we could hardly see the track. + You won't have fo press down hard on the accelerator pedal .. Do the words in bold give more information about nouns or verbs? Are they adjectives or adverbs? Which word means with force, using strength? Which word means only just? ‘There are other adverbs like these which have two forms and different meanings. Look at the pairs of sentences below and decide which meaning is correct for each word in bold. 1 James arrived at the station late and missed his train. Thaven’t used the bus lately so I don’t know if the fares have gone up. a_ notearly or on time b recently 2 Although he ran fast, Kevin finished last in the race. Lastly, I would like to congratulate all the people who took part in today’s contest. a after all the others b finally 3° Don’t go near the edge of the platform in case a train is coming! We nearly boarded the wrong ship, but my father realised just in time. a almost b close to, not far from 4 [looked up at the hot-air balloons floating high in the sky. ‘This driving school is highly recommended as most of the students pass their test first time. a ata high level b very much Look at these examples from the report. it rained so heavily that we could harily see the track. «= it's such great fun that you won't regret spending a little bit more. The first example could also be written as follows: sw» the rain was 50 heavy that we could hardly see the track. What kind of words can follow so? Lor What kind of word follows such? (adjective +) ‘Complete the sentences with so or such, 1 The bus is __crowded in the morning that I prefer to drive to work. 2 The bus takes a long time in the morning that I prefer to take the underground. 3° The high-speed ferries are _ fast that its worth spending the money on the tickets. 4 Airtravelis__ common nowadays that you don’t often meet someone who hasn’t been on aplane. 5 There were a lot of people on the train that I had to wait for the next one. 6 Theairlines are busy in the summer that you have to book your tickets very early. (58) UNIT7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things| Look at these examples from the report. 1. the fastest-growing forms... | 2... the most enjoyable ... (3°... more expensive than ... 4... @younger brother or sister. Which two are examples of the comparative form? __and Which two are examples of the superlative form? and How do we form the comparative and superlative in examples 1 and 4? How do we form them in examples 2 and 3? Look at these examples from the report. .. a much smoother ride .. | @ bit more expensive than . wn @lot closer .. «Slightly longer by bus. Which words are used to give more information about the adjective in each example? and | Look at this example from the report. ou may not be quite as good as the others. | What kind of word is used in the structure (not) as... as? _ Look at this example from the report. the harder you try, the better you'll become .. getting better and better ‘The structures used here are: the ++ the +__and comparative adverb + __ + comparative adverb. Study 7.1 and 7.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 180 before you do the tasks, © in each ine of this paragraph there is a word that Is not needed. Circle the extra word. Faster. than before?, ‘At the beginning of the last century, the most fastest car on the road travel 18 km per hour. At the time, this was not much more faster than the horse and carriage, which the car replaced. Of course, it was a bit much more comfortable, but there was not a bit lot of difference in speed. Today, however, there are some cars that travel as more fast as 350 km per hour. Ironically, however, these cars may be the better than cars from the past, but traffic in cities makes them go slightly as slowly as the first cars nearly a hundred years ago. They are much most more exciting to look at but th are not always the fastest than means of transport in cities today. UNIT 7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things (59G) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the given word and write between two and five words. 1 Asports car is faster than a van, as Avan is a sports car. 2 I didn’t pay as much for my car as you did. more ) Your car was mine. 3° [have never travelled in such a fast car. fastest ‘That's Thave ever travelled in, 4 Ifyou practise more, you will get better. the ‘The more you will become. 5 Schumacher is the best driver in the world. drives No one in the world Schumacher. 6 The size of new cars is increasing all the time. bigger New cars are getting bigger i ca eae EZ Look at these examples from the report. «if you prefer a shorter track to this, ... «» for those of you who would rather visit a smaller rack than go . What kind of word follows prefer? | Which form of the verb follows would rather? Study 7.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 180 before you do the task. GB Circle the words that complete the sentences correctly. He would rather / prefers have a Harley Davidson motorcycle than / to a Suzuki, Martin would rather / prefers the subway than / to the bus. Steven says he would rather / prefers watch the race on television than / to go to the track. They would rather / prefer Formula 1 races than / to rally car races. I would rather / prefer wait at the entrance of the station than /to go inside. CC My father would rather / prefers trains than / to planes. UNIT whe. Wings and Other ThingsImagine a television channel is going to make a show about a group of people travelling around the world. Here are seven different means of transport they could take. They have decided to take only five. With a partner, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each and say which means of transport you think will be used. Use some of the expressions you learned in Unit 3 as welll as, the ones in the box below. Which ones do you think we should choose? ‘What do you think we should leave out? I don’t think we should include ... I think that ... is more interesting/exciting/useful because But don’t you think that ... would be more ... ? But wouldn't you agree that ... ? Now report back to the class ) [listening Link m@< ~ (EB You will hear people speaking in five different situations. Choose from the list of places (a-f) where the conversations take place. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use. a ona ship Dialogue 1 b atarailwaystation | rsoue 2 © at an airport see 3 ree Dialogue eet onacat Dialogue 4 f inacar Dialogue 5 UNIT 7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things (61Writing Link In this unit, you are going to learn to write a report. Read the question. Then read thé Boa Bie seein Tm \@ report and complete it with the comparative or superlative forms of Your teacher has asked you to imagine you are going on a 500 km journey. You can ch Your jurnay cer by bus ob al plane, Wie a repo fr your iets bo which mean you have chosen and why. Say wh i things about your journey. 'y. Say what you think will be the good/bad and easy/aifficult The Best Way to Go on a Long Journey Introduction This report explains which means of transport I would choose for a long journey and will give my ideas about the journey. Means of Transport Twould prefer to make the journey by bus. First of all, I think the bus would be (1) (comfortable) than a small plane, Secondly, it’s 2) (easy) to walk about on a bus, and I also believe buses are @) (safe) than small planes. I don’t mind that buses are not (4) (fast) as planes, The Journey imagine the bus journey would be really great; a lot ® (interesting) than flying because I could Took at the scenery. However, the roads are much 6) (crowded) than the air and buses are o) (slow) than planes, so the journey will certainly take (8) (long). The (9) (bad) thing about the journey would probably be if I felt sick. On the other hand, the (10) (good) thing would be that [could always. ask the driver to stop whenever T wanted to ~ not like on an airplane! Conclusion | In my opinion, the bus journey would be the (11) (good) | and the (12) (exciting) way to travel and a great experience. | Now write your report. Use the hints and the outline to help you. Don't forget to use headings. (160-180 words) iooetea Heading Think of a suitable title for your report. Introduction Say what the report is going to be about. Paragraph 1 Say which means of transport you have chosen and give your reasons. Paragraph 2 Give your opinions about the good/bad and i casy/difficult things about the journey. Conclusion —_ Summarise your opinions and ideas. | (62) UNIT7 Wheels, Wings and Other Things Look back at the Learning Link and talk about what you have learnt,In this unit you will learn + words and phrases to help you talk abou + to discuss ideas about recycling and the environment. * to write an essay offering solutions to an environmental problem * to use the impersonal and personal passive structures and the passive forms of verbs with two abjects. the environment. B59 How much do you know about rainforests? Answer the following questions to find out. How many hectares* of tropical forest were there worldwide in 1800? a_ nearly 1 billion b_ nearly 3 billion ¢ nearly 5 billion 2 How many hectares remain today? a nearly 1 billion b nearly 1.5billion —¢ nearly 2 billion 3. How much of Australia’s tropical rainforest has been cut down since the end of the 1700s? a 25% b 50% © 75% 4 What percentage of the world’s species can be found in tropical rainforests? a about 10% b over 50% © over 60% How many different species of ant were found on one tree in Peru? a 27 b 36 © 43 6 How many species are becoming extinct because of trees being cut down? a species perhour b 4 species perday 4 species per month * L hectare = 10,000 sq m Turn to page 191 to see if you were right Which facts do you find shocking or surp1 UNIT 8 The World Around Us (63 )Reading Link (GB Read the article and find three everyday items that are made from things found in rainforests. A ‘Most people are aware that huge parts ofthe Earths surface about 3.5 milion hectares in total - are covered by tropical rainforests. Much has been written about the destruction of these beautiful areas and it's true that every day more and more trees are being cut down. It has been «estimated that every hour a piece of rainforest the size ‘of a football field is destroyed, Nevertheless, rainforests continue tobe places where many different types of plants insects and animals can be found. B To give some examples, 13,000 plant species are known to east in the whole of Europe, but over 15,000 diferent species have been discovered inthe rainforests of Ecuador alone. Inthe Amazon rainforest, there are between Sand 30 million plants! Is hardly surprising that not all those plants have been studied yt, but the 30,000 plants that have been given names by scientists represent 10% ofall the plans inthe world, In Europe, there are about 200 different species of freshwater fish, but in the rainforests of the Amazon almost 3,000 types have been identified, Overall, rainforests contain 30% ofthe world’s bird species, 0% of all nvertebrates* and 90% of all primates", In fact, the variety of living things in rainforests is second to none. But the rainforests don’t only provide us with unusual and abundant plant and animal life. Many of the things families use every day are produced in tropical rainforests, And it isn’t just the obvious forest products, ike exotic fruits, nuts and spices, that are exported all over the world, People are often surprised to find thet the main ingredients in a large number of perfumes, things ike eucalyptus, slang-ylang, and sandalwood, are harvested in the rainforests. We know wood from rainforests is used to make furniture. Less well known is the fact that bamboo furniture is also made from topical rainforest plants. Other common items like ropes, fishing lines and shampoos may have started life in the rainforests of Attica or South America, (GA) UNIT a The World Around Us Huge amounts of gum and resin are, of course, produced by the millions of rainforest trees. These are used in a wide range of products such as paints, shoe soles, waterproofing and golf ball, There is even one special gum called chicle thats used to make chewing gum. If strange to think that some of us might have chewed a piece of rainforest! E Another vital role for the rainforest isin providing ‘a numberof the natural products that are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Many of the essential ingredients in medicines for heart disease, asthma, arthritis, and pneumonia are derived from plants that are only found in tropical forests, To date, over two thousand tropical plants have been identitied by scientists as having anti-cancer properties, and the Rosy Periwinkle, a plant that is ‘only found in South American rainforests, is used in the treatment of childhood leukaemia F As if they didn’t do enough for us already, the rainforests ofthe globe also help to control world weather. Rainforests act lke giant air conditioners, cooling the planet with shade and helping to create rainfall. Everytime we take a breath of fresh air, ‘we have the rainforests to thank agai, Air is cleaned and purified by the trees because they act tke a ite. our air wast filtered inthis way, not only would the atmosphere be harmed, but our rivers and seas would be more polluted, too. Allin all is impossible to imagine life on earth without the rainforests. ibe * animals without backbones ** monkeys, apes, and humansvr {G _ F221 the article again and answer the questions. Choose from paragraphs A-F. ( In which paragraph(s) do we learn that rainforests help some people to smell nice? do we read about the rate at which rainforest trees are disappearing? does the writer explain the effects of rainforests on our climate? do we learn that while we walk, play sports, or decorate our homes, we could be using rainforest products? does the writer tell us that many types of plant have not yet been named? do we discover that almost a third of the different species of birds in the world are in rainforests? are we told that rainforests are important to doctors? do we learn that there is an incredible diversity of living organisms in the rainforest? forest can be for certain children? do we understand how necessary the do we read about products that are made from raw materials found in the rainforest? c aq) [Vocabulary Link {BD Find words and phrases in the article which have the following meanings. 1 know (part A) guessed; calculated (part A) we however; despite that (part A) live; be (part B) recognised and named (part B) existing in large numbers (part C) sent to other countries in order to sell (part C) cut; gathered (part C) eer aan e essential; necessary (part E) 10 developed (part E) 11 world (part F) 12 something the air passes through and gets cleaned (part F) UNIT 8 The World Around Us OOO OOO OOK 6 |(© Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 Isimportant that the of the rainforest is stopped. DESTROY 2 Doyou know how many are made from materials from the rainforests? PRODUCE 3 Many kinds of plants are used in medicines for the of all sorts of illnesses. TREAT 4° spent my _____ living in the country and playing in the fields. CHILD 5 Reducing pollution seems an ____task sometimes. POSSIBLE 6 It is shocking how many types of plants and animals are facing . EXTINCT 7 The government must find an oo way of reducing pollution from industry. EFFECT 8 Greenpeace made an concerning deforestation in Brazil. ANNOUNCE 9 Many people are ____with their rubbish and just drop it in the street. CARE 10 The of school children learn about the environment. MAJOR: Complete the sentences with these words and phrases. More than one answer may be possible. allinall although — despite infact inspite _it’s hardly surprising ofcourse second tonone —todate__to give some examples 1 This river has been so badly polluted that ______ that all the fish have died. People are starting to help the environment. of that, more still needs to be done. 3. [ve just joined an organisation that helps keep the playgrounds clean. Fm goit to my first meeting tonight. 4. This town’s recycling facilities are They're simply the best! 5 people are doing a lot to help, the panda is still an endangered species. 6 people’s efforts, the panda is still an endangered species. 7 Pollution comes in many different forms; ____, acid rain, smoke, litter, and waste products. 8 This green organisation has had three fund-raising events and plans two more by the end of the year. 9 Inthe past, recycling wasn’t common + it’s different now; everyone has heard about the benefits of recycling. 10 , think it’s been a very successful day; we've managed to raise £5,000 for Save the Whales. (6) UNIT 8 The World Around Useat eee UT Beare atid Look at this example from the article. Ithas been estimated that every hour a piece of rainforest the size of a football field is destroyed. Look at the passive verb in bold. Which word is the subject of this verb? What word follows this verb? ‘This is an example of the impersonal passive structure. It means: People have estimated that every hour a piece of rainforest the size of a football field is destroyed, In this structure, It + passive verb + that is followed by a clause (subject and verb). ‘Look at this example from the article. 13,000 plant species are known to exist in the whole of Europe . ‘What is the subject of the passive verb in bold? ‘What verb form follows the passive verb? This is an example of the personal passive structure. It means: People know that 13,000 plant species exist in the whole of Europe. In this structure, subject + passive verb is followed by a full infinitive. Both the impersonal and the personal passive structures are used with verbs such as believe, consider, estimate, expect, know, report, think, understand, etc. Study in 8.1 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task. Rewrite these sentences using the impersonal and the personal structures. 1 Scientists know that factories pollute the atmosphere. I the atmosphere. Factories the atmosphere. 2 People have said that young people learn about the environment at school. hh PEELE Ee about the environment at school Young people about the environment at school. 3 They believe that governments are damaging our planet. Ty our planet. Governments our planet. 4 People report that this company designs special tankers to carry oil safely, It special tankers to carry oil safely. This company special tankers to carry oil safely. 5 Scientists believe that pollution is getting worse and worse every year. meee eee ree EEE EE land woreeievery-yeaet Pollution and worse every year. 6 They say that the environment is at risk. It at risk, The environment at risk. 7 Scientists say that the damage to the climate is irreversible. Tt irreversible. The damage to the climate irreversible. 8 People believe that stricter ecological controls are necessary. ‘i juiaae z necessary. Stricter ecological controls __ necessary. unit athe World Around Us (67 " JSeed Look at this sentence. Scientists have given 30,000 plants names. Is the verb in the active or passive form? This sentence has two objects. What are they? and Look at how the sentence was written in the article, using the first object. a... 30,000 plants... have been given names by scientists. It could have been written using the second object as follows: Db ... names have been given to 30,000 plants by scientists... Which word in sentence b is not in sentence a? Study 8.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task. ‘Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the given word and write between two and five words. 1 The Ministry of Agriculture will give farmers more financial aid. to More financial aid farmers by the Ministry of Agriculture. 2 They sent the newspaper a student project on the environment. was ‘The newspaper on the environment. 3 Researchers have given the government a report on pollution in city centers. been ‘A report on pollution in city centers the government. 4 The teacher often gives her students leaflets on saving the environment, are Students on saving the environment by their teacher. 5 The students wrote the government a letter of complaint. written A\letter of complaint by the students. 6 The scientists will present the report at the conference, be The report at the conference by the scientists. UNIT 8 The World Around UsLink ae o You will hear part of a radio interview with Dr Clark, an expert in the design of oil tankers. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer, a, b, or c. | 1 When were the first tankers built, according 5 Asingle-hull tanker built in 1985 must no 1 to Dr Clark? longer be in use by a 100 years ago a 2005. bat the turn of the century b 2009. i ¢ inthe 1880s ce 2011. 2 The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in 6 The.agreement concerning Marine Pollution is Alaska in usually referred to as a March 1988. a MARPOLE. ii b March 1989. b MARPOLL. 4 May 1989. ¢ MARPOL. i 3 How much oil was spilled in the sea from the 7 Many studies suggest that the percentage of Exxon Valdez? oil in the ocean from oil spills is a nearly 50 million litres a about 5%. b_ just under $5 million litres b_ about 50%. ¢ just over 54 million litres ¢ about 15%. 4° The hull ofa tanker is 8 Dr Clark says oil contamination from the a above the sea. land may be i b_ where the oil tanks are. a more than 10 times worse than that from: ¢ always double. oil spills, almost as bad as that from oil spills. ¢ less serious than the public thinks. Speaking Link ‘Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions. Do you think people take care of the environment in your neighbourhood? How easy is it to recycle things in your neighbourhood? Do you and your family recycle things? Can you think of some ways people harm the environment? What do you think should be done about this? Do you think teachers or parents should be responsible for teaching young people how to take care of the world? What can schools do to protect the environment? ( Now report back to the class. | UNIT 8 The World Around Us (69 )Writing Link In this unit, you are going to learn to write an essay offering solutions to a problem. (CQ Read the question and put the paragraphs in the correct order. There is too much rubbish on our streets, in our parks and in the countryside. What do you think can be done to improve the situation? A Paragraph 1 (_) One basic way to help is for everybody to take responsibility for Paragraph 2 their own rubbish. By this I mean that every person should stop mI CG dropping litter and throwing paper and other unwanted items Paragraph 3 (_) out of car windows. We must think about what we do with our rubbish. Paragraph 4 oO B Paragraph § In conclusion, if we don't all do something to help, we'll give wes C7) our children a polluted world to live in. c Nobody can argue with the fact that there is too much garbage littering our beautiful country these days. The question is, what can we all do to make the situation better? D Another suggestion is that the government should do more. They could punish citizens who are careless with rubbish. Fines should be charged when people drop litter or leave bin bags in the countryside, There could also be more publicity about keeping our country clean. We all need to be reminded from time to time about how precious our environment is. E Finally, schools can help by organi their area. 1g ‘clean up’ days when all the students collect rubbish in Underline the words and phrases which helped you put the paragraphs in the correct order Now write your essay offering solutions to a problem. Use the hints, the outline and the words and phrases you underlined. (160-180 words) ey Paragraph 1 Say something about the question — for example, whether you agree or disagree or what your opinion is. Paragraphs 2 and 3 Make suggestions about how to improve the situa Remember to start a new paragraph for each idea. Paragraph 4 ‘Try to end by making a point — for example, what could happen if we don’t all do something to help. mn. Zo) unr The World Around Ue eTeview o> Vocabulary sstions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, ¢, or d. This is a very problem and I don’t know how to solve it. a vital b tricky © pure dQ initial We have to you are ready. a set off b getin ec see off d= letdown Can you this strange plant? a use up b produce © exist identify Ifyou stay out in the sun too long, you could et a hypothermia ‘Db heatstroke exhaustion d_ painkillers Flying a kite is my favourite a pastime b process © feature d_ variety Did you win the kite-flying a track b structure © contest d court carly tomorrow, so make sure ‘The trees in the rainforest act asa_and. help to give us fresh air. a treatment b medicine © filter d_ product We haven't got a lot of time. do something fun, Although Nevertheless Despite Allin all _, welll try to aoge 10 u R B 14 15 16 My friend from school has become a huge a celebrity b_ trophy © destination vehicle ‘The Go-Karting competition attracts 100,000 people. a particularly b directly © fairly annually _ are becoming extinct. Herbert came suddenly from the __and won the race, a distance b_ front © rear d top Kites were __ thousands of years ago. a. overlooked b spoilt © stretched d_ invented Are you coming to the skating __, John? a ting b rink ce track 4 pitch My trip to the rainforest was -Tewas simply amazing. a wodate b second to none © of course hardly surprising Most people are of the problems in the Amazon, aware abundant at the merey in fact neces REVIEW 2 Units 5-6 (71)For questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, ¢, or d. 9 1 You see lots of wild animals on a safari holiday in Africa. a can b need to ¢ have to could 2 You get medical help immediately if you get hypothermia, a must b are able to © can could 3° She would ___go cycling than walking. a. prefer that b_ not rather € prefer rather 4 You ___ be anathlete to go mountaineering. a mustn't b_ weren't able to ¢ don'thave to could 5 The kite-flying contest last week __by Mr Brown. a waswon b hasbeen won © iswon d_ isbeing won 6 The football team _by Harry Essex. a have been managed b being managed © were managed d_ ismanaged 7 He's not sure, but his golf clubs after Saturday’s game. a were stolen b- might have been stolen © were being stolen d_ willbe stolen 8 Mybrotheris __, than me. shortest shorter short more short acoe (72) REVIEW 2 Unite 5-8 u 2 B 14 15 16 You _ Irs lovely! a b © a tis that the pollution problem is getting need to needn't have don't need to mustn't worse every day. a b ce a Where are the next Olympic Games a b e a report reported reporting to report going to be held will have been held had been held will be held Scrambling isthe a b © a Almost 3000 types of freshwater fish are said __ in the Amazon. a b c a Twas the a b © a Ite a Factories nese least less, not as aslittle have existed that exist exist to exist faster more fast fastest fast estimated that 75% of Australia’s rainforest has been destroyed. been hhas been, should be will be to be understood understand are understood been understood worried about the weather. popular sport at the centre driver in the race by a long way. to cause pollution.In-Store Innovations Learning Link In this unit you will learn + words and phrases to help you talk about inventions and shopping * to ask and answer questions about shopping, * to write an essay giving your opinion, * to use different question forms, Work with a partner. Match the items to the people who invented them. a chureh singer an artist who worked as a secretary ‘a man who went hunting with hisdog (_) a tailor who had a difficult customer (aa UNIT 9 In-Store Innovations (73Reading Link {B Read the letters which have been taken from a magazine for young inventors quickly and find out why an inventor might need a lawyer. A ‘My dad says my inventions are a waste of time, but | want to show him why they're important. You couldn't help me to convince him, could you? James, aged 16 Well, James, think of all the diferent products you see around you every day = in your home, at schoo! and in the shops. There are. lot, aren't there? Where do. you think they all came from? Most of them developed from a simple idea that somebody tumed into 2 clever invention. Can you imagine what life would be ike if nobody had bothered? We wouldn't have motor Cars, televisions or computers, would we? Things would be very diferent, wouldn't they? wonder ifyour dad has thought about that. Perhaps you could talk about this with him, James. Then he'll understand hy i's important for Glever young people lke you to cary ‘on having good ideas and trying fo invent new products for us all. Good luck! B ve got a great idea for a new invention. What do | do now? Nancy, aged 15. Wei done, Nancy! What you must do now is make sure nobody 74) UNIT In-Store Innovations Gilbert gives valuable advice scientists steals your idea. Wouldn't it be temible if that happened? Have you got ravings and plans for your idea? If ‘50, you need 10 find somebody who will give you some money so you can ‘make your idea, Then you must protect your idea by getting what's called a patent (so nobody else can say it's their idea). Why don't you find a good lawyer to helo you? cS Vm really interested in inventing. Can you give me some advice on how to get started? Nigel, aged 15, Glad to hear you're so interested, Nigel. How do you think of an invention? Well, ots of inventors say they thought of their idea almost by accident = ‘ike the man who inverted Velcro®, He said he came up with the idea when he was trying to get sticky grass out of his dog's fur. Isn't that amazing? Sometimes, though, people find an idea by thinking diferent, For example, what goes through yourmind. when you think about shoes? They protect our feet from the ground, don't they? Well, why not try to think of them in another way ~ as something that protects the ground from our feet? That way you might come up with some very diferent ideas! And, always ask yourself questions about the things you see around you think about what they're for, why people might need them, who might use them and how they could be diferent ny not try it, Nigel? Who do you think was the greatest “inventor of all time? Edward, aged 13, That's a rather tricky question, Eaward, isn't it? But my personal favourite hhas to be Leonardo Da Vinci. Have ‘you heard of him? He was the man Who painted the Mona Lisa, but the was also a brilliant inventor: He's my favourite because he invented so many different kinds of things. He invented submarines, parachutes, compasses, saws, canals, bridges, and even contact lenses. That's quite an impressive list of achievements, isntit? E What is the most important invention in the world? Lizzie, aged 14 That's a difficult one, Lizzie! When | need a holiday, | think the aeroplane is the best invention ever, but when I need to speak to my colleague in America, | think it's the telephone, ‘And, when I'm working, | think the ‘computer is the most important thing anybody has ever mace. The way we assess inventions depends on where we are and what we're doing, doesn’t it? What | do know, however, is that everything, from the air conaitioner fo the zip, was a briliant invention when itfirst appeared. F Do you think young people make good inventors? Morgan, aged 12 ‘ | certainly do, Morgan! Young people have such lively minds. They often see things in @ new way and achieve Success ina short time. What do other readers think?{G)_ ead the letters again and answer the questions. 1 What would be missing from our everyday lives if people hadn't bothered to invent them? 2 How can Nancy protect her new idea? 3. Where did the idea of Velcro™come from? 4 Who does Professor Gilbert think is the best inventor ever? 5 Which of Leonardo Da Vinci's inventions are mentioned? 6 What is our assessment of inventions affected by? bul Link © Watch the words from the letters to their meanings. <> _ <> contact lenses (D) taken the trouble colleague (E) assess (E) 10 achieve (F) aa person who has studied the law someone who works with someone else. small pieces of thin plastic that you put on your eyes to see better 1 convince (A) athe surface of the Earth 2 bothered (A) b persuade 3. lawyer (B) ¢ instruments which show us north, south, east, west, ete 4° ground (©) d succeed in doing something 5 brilliant (D) amazing; very clever 6 compasses (D) f decide how good or important something is 7 8 8 h 9 i i B Circle the correct words. I must remember to get a parcel / packet of sugar on the way home from work, We've run out. Nv Fiona loves buying designer clothes despite the high prices / costs 3. We found some lovely curtains in the offers / sales last summer. 4 ‘Td like to pay by cheque / cash if that's acceptable.” 5 My grandfather always paid for everything in cash / credit. He didn’t even have a cheque book. 6 My new MP3 player didn’t work properly and when I went back to the shop they gave me a(n) refund / exchange . 7 Ivthe company does well, then we give our employees a bargain / bonus at Christmas. ‘The washing instructions on the ticket / label said that the jacket was machine-washable. UNIT 9 In-Store Innovations (75 |Complete the sentences with these prepositions. You need to use some of them more than once. for from in of on 1 Where did Leonardo Da Vinci come _ ? 2. I'm going to speak to an interior designer to get some advice how to redecorate my iving room, 3 Marion bought plastic covers to protect her garden furniture the rain. 4 Have you made a list what we need at the DIY store? 5 Which computer you decide to buy really depends __ what you want it for. 6 T've always been very interested new inventions. 7 You were wrong about that exhibition being a waste __ time. It was really interesting. 8 That’sa great idea your sister’s birthday, Grammar Link Look at these examples from the letters. You couldn't help me to convince him, could you? (letter A) There are a lot, aren't there? (letter A) They protect our feet from the ground, don’t they? (letter C) ‘We make question tags with an auxiliary verb and a pronoun. We use a positive question tag when the main verb is - We use a negative question tag when the main verb is Which punctuation mark do we use to separate the sentence from the question form? Study 9.1 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task. Complete the sentences with question tags. He gave the children good advice, 2 Everyone must do a science project, 2 There aren't many people without mobile phones nowadays, 7 Lend me your laptop, EEE 2 Einstein must have been clever, 2 Christopher had a good idea for an invention, 2 He can't pretend it was his invention, ? ea ah keene She should ask the lawyer about it, 2 76 ) UNIT9 In-Store Innovations‘Look at this example from the letters. What do other readers thin! ‘What is the main verb in this question? Is other readers the subject or the object of this verb? So, does the question word What ask about the subject or the object of the verb? [Look at this example from the letters. Who ... was the greatest inventor of all time? ‘What is the main verb in this question? Does the question word Who ask about the subject or the object of the verb? ‘hen the question word asks about the — | the question form. “When the question word asks about the __ ofa sentence, the word order changes to __ of a sentence, the word order doesn't change. Study 9.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task. Make questions so that the answers are the words in bold. 1 Michael wants to buy a computer. He must do the shopping after work today. The Earl of Sandwich invented the sandwich. ‘The antique dealer has a sale on this week. ‘These books belong to Terry. 6 Polly rang Sarah last night. 8 This invention is the best in the compet Kate wrote a letter to get advice. UNIT 9 In-Store Innovations (7778 Look at this example from the letters. Can you imagine what life would be like if nobody had bothered? ‘The phrase Can you imagine is used to introduce the direct question, Complete the direct question. What if nobody had bothered? Look at this example from the letters. I wonder if your dad has thought about that? Complete the direct question. about that? Which word do we use when there isn’t a question word in the direct questios Which phrase introduces the direct question here? ‘What happens to the word order of a direct question when it becomes an indirect question? Study 9.3 of the Grammar reference on page 181 before you do the task. Change the direct questions into indirect questions. Begin with the words given. 1 What is his latest invention? Do you know 2 2 How fast was the first computer? I wonder if you could tell me iH 2 3° When was the aeroplane invented? Could you please tell me ? 4) Should we buy him a new DVD player? I wonder 2 5. Shall we call the lawyer? I would like to know 2 Look at these examples from the letters. Wouldn't it be terrible if that happened? Isn't that amazing? Does Gilbert expect Nancy and Nigel to agree or to disagree with him? Study 9.4 of the Grammar Reference on page 182 before you do the task. Make negative questions for these situations. 1 T’msure you would like to visit the Science Museum. 2 Iwas sure you wanted to come shopping last Saturday. 3 I know you could lend me the money until Friday. 4 I think she likes shopping on the Internet. UNIT 9 In-Store Innovationsppeaking Link Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. Student A. Do you enjoy shopping? Why/Why not? Is there any kind of shopping that you do not enjoy? Do you like the shops in your area?” ‘When you go shopping for new clothes, who do you usually go with? Why? Student B Some teenagers say that shopping is more than just buying things; it’s time to have fun with their friends. What do you think? Why? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of shopping on the Internet? How do you think shopping habits will change in the future?” fstening Link = 1 Listen to a man talking to a shop assistant. Why 5 is he grateful to her? a He’s going to get his money back. b_ She will let him exchange the shirt. ¢ He can have store credit for a month. Listen to this man and woman talking. What 6 does he think about shopping on the Internet? a He does all his shopping on the Internet. b_ Its convenient for some items. ¢ It’s funny shopping on the Internet. Listen to this conversation between two people 7 designing a TV advertisement. The woman thinks the man’s ideas are a exciting. b rather dull. © childi ‘Acouple are talking about a coat the man has 8 just bought. Why does the woman begin to feel a little less upset?” a The man recently found a better job. b The coat really suits the man. ¢ There is a special payment plan. ‘You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer a,bore. Listen to this conversation. How does the ‘man feel? a amused b irritated ¢ surprised This man and woman are driving in the countryside. How does the man feel”” a nervous b annoyed © amazed ‘Aman and woman are talking about the attitude of some people. What kind of people are they referring to? a shop assistants b customers ¢ store owners Listen to this conversation in a department store. ‘The woman is a impatient. b_ uncooperative. © guilty. Unit In-Store Innovations (78)Swigieine {GJ Now write your essay giving your opinion. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) (80) UNIT In-Store innovations In this unit, you are going to learn to write an essay giving your opinion about something. Read the questio, ‘Some people prefer to shop in small towns, while others like to use huge supermarkets or hypermarkets. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinion. Somebody has made the list of points below about small shops and hypermarkets. Decide which point are advantages and which are disadvantages. Then read the essay below to see which ones have been used. Small shops Hypermarkets everything under one roof near to home = Frenily tf usuably ony reached by car ‘ busy st much choice ee ee Even though my mother uses small local shops, in my opinion, hypermarkets are much better places to shop in. The great thing about hypermarkets is that you can buy virtually anything there. They sell everything from food to toys. Some of them even have nice clothes these days. They also have a wider range of products — you can choose from ten different brands of coffee at the hypermarket, whereas in our local shop there are only two kinds. Another advantage of large superstores is that their prices are usually cheaper. When my mum goes shopping, she has to pay more because all the shops in our town are small Some people say that local shops are convenient, and hypermarkets are often a long way from people’s homes. Even so, I think it’s worth making the effort to drive out to them. It’s better shopping with the car anyway because it means you don’t have to carry heavy shopping bags all the way home. In conclusion, I think shopping is so much easier and more fun at a hypermarket Paragraph 1 Say what your general opinion is. Paragraphs 2-4 Give reasons for your opinion, saying what the advantages and disadvantages are. Discuss a different point in each paragraph. Paragraph $ Sum up what you think. EE eee eeenit (10) The Things They Do for Us Learning Link In this unit you will learn ‘* words and phrases to help you talk about voluntary organisations and people who do things for the community. + to compare and contrast photographs showing different people working for the community and to give your opinion about the jobs they do. ‘to write a description of a person, + to use reported speech and reporting verbs, Discuss these questions with a partner. ‘What is voluntary work? Why is it important for people to do voluntary work? Which voluntary organisations exist in your country? ‘What kind of voluntary work do you think you ‘would most like to do, and why? UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us a1Reading Link GB Read the article quickly and find out when and where Make-A-Wish first started. 4 eS se 0p MAKE with Sophia Giorgi. When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make-4-Wish Foundation, nobody understood what she was talking about. But Sophia knew just how important Make-A-Wish could be because this special organisation had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends We were interested in finding out more, so we ‘went along to meet Sophia and listen to what sshe had to say. Sophia said that the previous year Make-A-Wish had helped her best friend, Andreas, who .was seventeen years old and had been ill for ‘along time. ‘Andreas had always wanted to be a pilot, but he knew it probably wasn’t possible because of his illness,’ explained Sophia, ‘But, thanks to the Make-A-Wish Foundation in Greece, Andreas had a brilliant day at the Araxos Air Base. He flew in a helicopter and learnt all about war planes.” Sophia said one of the pilots hhad spent a lot of time with Andreas, answering his questions and explaining things to him. Andreas certainly had a day to remember, and Make-A-Wish has helped nearly 90 other children in Greece 10 ‘lve’ their dreams. sip rt ts ser in 1980. ‘It’s a charity which helps children eit ere Q) Esechimetaae sea charts meee We asked Sophia how Make-A-Wish had first_ started. She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris, who had been’ dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman (82) UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us : x Jf ISH. Founsirion Find out all about why volunteers are important for making wishes come true in our interview Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to mal (Chris's dream come true ~ so, with everybody's help, Chiis ‘only seven years old at the time, had been a “policeman f a day, “When people saw how delighted Chris was when hi dream came true, they decided (0 try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of Make-A-Wish, | explained Sophia, When we asked Sophia if she could explain how Make-A-Wish ‘worked, she told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time, ‘Sometimes it's hard for families with children Who ate really ill to enjoy themselves and laugh together, They often feel sad a lot of the time, said Sophia. “A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks’ the child what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world.” Sophia id the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, like plane tickets or equipment, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can. ‘We wonsleted what things the children wished for. Did Tol them want to mect somebody famous? Sophia agreed that a of children did ask 1o do this. But she said other children wank to own something special or go somewhere, and some child like Chris, wanted 10 be a different person or do a different for a day. ‘Whatever the chile’s wish is, Make-A-Wish tries § to ring the Make-A-Wish office in Athens to get some information. She said she'd become a volunteer the followi ‘week and that she was glad to be doing something to help mak children’s wishes come true, Sophia suggested that other yout people could also volunteer. Make-A-Wish says that without the help Of volunteers i Sophia they would not be able to perform these ‘miracles 9 children. Why not see if there's something you can do to hel For more information see www:wish.org and www: worldwish:@) Read the article again and choose the best answer a, b, c or d for each question. 1 How did Sophia first find out about the Make-A- 5 Wish Foundation? a. Her friend had volunteered to help. b- Make-A-Wish had helped her friend, ¢ Itisa special organisation. d_ Her friend had dreamt about Make-A-Wish. What did the pilot do when he was with Andreas 6 at the Araxos Air Base? a He gave Andreas lots of information, b He flew with Andreas in a war plane. © He asked Andreas lots of questions. He reminded Andreas about his day. According to the article, the Make-A-Wish 7 Foundation a doesn’t exist in Greece. b isonly in America. isn'ta charity. d_ isan international organisation. A boy called Chis a had the idea that began Make-A-Wish. 8 b_ was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up. gave people the idea of starting Make-A-Wish. _ wanted people to help him to make his dream come true. 1 Foundation (title) a » 2. volunteering (para 1) a b 3. previous (para 2) a b 4 certainly (para 2) a b 5. charity (para 3) a b 6 delighted (para 4) a b 7 raising (para 5) a b 8 own (para 6) a b 9 ring (para 7) a b 10 perform (para 8) a b Make-A-Wish volunteers visit children and their families to find out what the child’s wish is make the child happy. ¢ make the family feel special see if the child is feeling sad, Volunteers are important for Make-A-Wish because they a decide if the wish can come true. b_ help in lots of ways. ¢ provide all the plane tickets. d__know how to make people laugh. Which of these statements about the children’s wishes is true? Alll the children want to meet famous people. Most of the wishes involve owning something. Lots of the children wonder what to wish for. Children often want to meet someone special. eeoe ‘When d A-Wish? a on the day she first contacted the foundation. b_ before she first contacted the foundation. © approximately a week after she first contacted the foundation. da fewweeks after she had first helped a child for the foundation. Sophia become a volunteer for Make- Find these words in the article and circle the correct meanings. building organisation applying for a job offering to work for free next last without a doubt probably an organisation that doesn’t make a profit a business contented very pleased collecting lifting borrow have for yourself circle telephone carry out put ona play UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us ( 83Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings. ikon a> 1 get through a help somebody in a difficult situation 2 hear from b make contact with on the phone 3° help out € connect one person with another on the phone 4° joinin 4d have news from 5 look after € start a company, an organisation 6 put through f tolerate; stand 7 putup with g care for 8 setup hh be part of ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from task E. 1 This charity was in 1970 in London, but now it has offices in other European cities as well. 2. So, come along to the park on Sunday and the fun! All the money raised will go to Save the Children. 3° Many women in the village for a couple of hours a week at the charity shop. Have you Jeremy since he started his new job at the Bank of England? 5 [don’t think I'd make a very good nurse because I wouldn't like to sick people all day. 6 [ve been ringing the library all morning and still can’t . It’s really annoying. 7 Gail couldn't her neighbour's loud music night after night, so she reported him to the police. 8 Good morning. Please could you me to the X-ray department? (GB _Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 Mary works with children who have life-threatening ILL 2 Are you interested in doing any work? VOLUNTEER 3. This is responsible for providing elderly people with help around the home. ORGANISE 4 Taking parcels to the post office is not my RESPONSIBLE 5 People are so generous. We raised a(n) amount of money at our charity dance. BELIEVE 6 UNICEF isa worldwide CHARITABLE 7 The local library has a complete of his novels. COLLECT 8 This is a(n) airline. We fly all over the world, NATION UNIT 10 The Things They Do for UsPee ate Look at this example from the article. .. Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help .. Is this an example of direct speech or reported speech? What were Sophia's actual words? Look at this example from the article. Sophia said that the previous year Make-A-Wish had helped her bestfriend, ‘What were Sophia’s actual words? Look at this example from the article. Sophia told us that Make-A-Wish is a worldwide organisation which started in the United States in. 1980. Is what Sophia said still true today? What were Sophia’s actual words? Look at this sentence from the article. We asked Sophia how Make-A-Wish had first started. Is this an example of a direct question or a reported question? ‘What kind of word comes after the question word how? Look at this example from the article. «We asked Sophia if she could explain how Make-A-Wish worked, .. What word is used when there is no question word? What other word can be used when there is no question word? Study 10.1 and 10.2 of the Grammar Reference on pages 182-183 before you do the task. Rewrite each of the sentences in reported speech. More than one answer may be possible. 1 “You can catch the bus for the town centre every hour,’ he said. He said Sooo 2. ‘What time does the post office open on a Saturday?’ Henry asked. Henry asked = 3. David said, ‘I’m going to join Greenpeace next week.’ David told us 4 ‘Maria, can you explain how the organisation works?’ we asked. We asked Maria 5 ‘What did you say to the policeman when he stopped you?’ asked my mother. My mother asked 6 ‘Tiling the fire brigade now!” John said. John said Ee 7 ‘Tsaw a programme about this organisation two days ago,’ said Miriam. iam said 8 ‘Do you want to go to the charity dance tomorrow?" Martin asked. Martin asked her UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us (85)Look at this example from the article. ‘She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris. What reporting verb is used here? Find other examples of reported speech in the article which use a reporting verb other than say, ask or tell. Underline them. Study 10.3 of the Grammar Reference on page 184 before you do the task. GB Report each of the sentences below practising different reporting verbs. 1 ‘Well done. You raised the most money,’ said Angela to us. Angela congratulated 2 ‘Shall I telephone a taxi for you?’ said the nurse. ‘The nurse offered 3 “You damaged these books,’ the librarian said to the school boys. ‘The librarian accused 4 ‘Ihave decided to give you my support,’ said the politician. The politician decided 5 ‘Lam sorry that I was late for our meeting,’ said the bank manager. The bank manager apologised 6 ‘Why don’t the children collect money for the poor?’ Susan said, Susan suggested (88) UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Usjpeaking Link [J Work with a partner. One of you should look at photographs A and B and the other at C and D. Compare and contrast them and say how important these people are to the community.Then discuss the questions below, @ Which of these jobs do you think should get the highest salary? Why? > istening Link ct: % You will hear part of a radio interview with Steve, a public employee. ee : an ee For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. tet A reagent ‘the spelling of a specific word s akey point then it must be Public employees are also called civil) accurate, For example, That's Beer EEOC SOSH RES Heisahead@{ SS _—* officer. He saysheis@{___———————_~+ for four different things. The second area of responsibility he mentions is the storage of | He is also in charge of | ———S—S—S—SS_~+S newoofficers. Steve feels the most stressful task is the of the money. Ifhe notices anything@{_S +S), he changes the route immediately. Steve uses two people@{_——_~+ as. an example of something that makes him uneasy. He says that someone in this position must be very@J_— UNIT 10 The Things They Do for Us (87)Writing Link In this unit, you are going to learn to write a description of a person. Read the question and complete the description with the prepositions in the box. You need to use some of them more than once. Imagine you have just been in hospital. Describe one of the doctors or nurses who looked after you. It might be somebody who was really nice, or it could be somebody who was not pleasant at all! about at for in of to Ihave recently been (1) hospital and while I was there, I met some extremely nice people. But there was one nurse I met who was absolutely awful, This nurse, whose name was Karen, was actually quite pretty to look (2) She had curly black hair and big blue eyes. When I first saw her, I felt sure she would be a lovely person. How wrong I was! Karen was often bad-tempered and rude (3) all the patients. It was as if she thought it was our fault we were ill. She shouted (4) everybody, including the other nurses. She had no respect (5) anybody. Ifshe ever had to do anything for us, like helping us to get out (6) bed, she was really rough. She actually made one lady cry because she was so unkind (7) her. I was really angry with her (8) doing that. T can't think of anything nice to say (9) this person, Maybe she was a very good nurse, but it certainly didn’t seem like it (10) ‘me. One thing I can say about Karen is that I hope never meet her again! Paragraph 1 Introduce the person you are going to write about. Paragraph 2__Describe the person’s appearance. Paragraph 3 Say something about their behaviour, Paragraph 4 Write about other things the person did or said. Paragraph 5 Try to make a final comment about the person, or sum up what you think of them, 88 ) UNIT 10 The Things They Doforus @EENIE Seta ae ee eee eeeIn this unit you will learn + words and phrases to help you talk about natural disasters, + to discuss the importance of various items to flood victims and to decide which three are the most important. ‘+ to write a story which begins or ends with given words. + 10 use who, which, where, when and whose in relative clauses. Match the natural phenomena to the pictures. Then discuss the questions with a partner. 1 volcano ( 2 hurricane ( 3 tornado C 4 blizzard (_) 5 flood ( 6 lightning ( Which of these phenomena is the most terrifying? Why? | What is the worst weather you have ever experienced? Describe what happened. UNIT 11 The Power of Nature (89(DReading Link, © Read the article trom the science section of a magazine quickly. What do you think the writer's message to the readers is? As hurricane-force winds hit Britain's coasts, John Leavey takes a look at the amazing power of nature. Now that the human race has made great technological and scientific progress and is about to clone whatever or whoever it wants, itis very easy to forget about the forces of nature. @{ _) Although the images of destruction which we have seen on Our television screens are hortific, they are, in fect Just the tip of the iceberg compared to what nature can really do. Tornadoes, which are the fastest and most violent winds on earth, can reach speeds of over 500 kph. €_)Poots of houses, cars, animals, buses and people have been lifted into the air in this way. Those ‘People whose lives have been put atrisk by twisters’ have described how helpless they fet in the face of such power. A tomado is a violently spinning column of air that can start to form during a thunderstorm, of which there are about 45,000 a day worldwide. Of course, ‘ot all thunderstorms bring about tomadoes and not all tomadoes bring about total destruction, The most destructive ones occur in India, Bangladesh and ‘Tomado Alley’ in the USA. The worst ever ‘twister’ hit this area in March 1925, when a huge tornado travelled across Missouri Ilinois and Indiana, killing 6695 people and injuring a further 2,027. A blizzard is another natural phenomenon which affects North America. It is a deadly mixture of wind, ‘snow and freezing temperatures. Muscles and internal organs then fail to work when the. human body is exposed to cold temperatures for a long time. In the USA, blizzards are quite common, with winds travelling at up to 65 kph. It is believed that global warming, which is causing ice caps to melt, will be the cause of more blizzards in the future. Even Britain may experience blizzards as violent as the one which hit New York,Washington,Boston, Philadelphia and surrounding areas in January 1996, These cities became completely Paralysed when snow up to 1.2 metres deep and weighing a total of five billion tons covered an area 800 km long |) Apart from causing death and injury directly, tornadoes and blizzards can also cause floods. Naturally, floods are usually caused by heavy rainfall, but whichever way they are created, they. can be very destructive. The most dangerous and dramatic ones are known as flash floods. in July 1976, hot air blew north from the Gulf of Mexico, bringing huge thunderstorms to the upper section of the Big Thompson Canyon, where they released 30 cm of rain in four hours. All the mountain streams filled up and met at the Big Thompson. Canyon. a The water then flowed through the canyon, removing everything in its path, killing 145 people and causing damage worth over $40 million. Other floods on record have developed more slowly but have been equally destructive we choose to ignore it and believe we are the supreme rulers ofthe planet, we may be in for a big surprise. Remember, lightning can strike twice in the same place BE a TT eae (90) UNIT 11 The Power of Naturer [B} There are five sentences missing from the article. Read through it again and choose from sentences (cH the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use. A Anything in their path can be picked up off the ground and dropped hundreds of metres away. B Scientists who explore the Antarctic have learnt a great deal about the Earth’s weather systems. C Of these, the wind is the most life-threatening part because it removes the heat from its victims’ bodies. D__ This week, however, we have been reminded of what nature can do as hurricane winds continue to cause chaos across the south coast. Wherever we look, we can witness the power of nature in action, F Asa result, emergency services could not operate properly, however hard they tried, and more than 300 people died in the ‘safety’ of those cities. G Here, the water level rose from 60 cm to seven metres within minutes. H_ It moved along the ground for an incredible 352 km, bringing total destruction wherever it went. make an exact copy of a plant or animal (para 1) a small part of something much bigger (para 1) when experiencing (para 2) turning round and round at high speed (para 3) Ere eee ordinary; normal (para 4) tur from solid to liquid because of a rise in temperature (para 5) aauwewene sudden large amounts of water which cover an area of ground that is usually dry (para 6) small rivers (para 6) ss not pay attention to (para 7) 10 greatest; most important (para 7) UNIT 11 The Power of Nature{EB complete the sentences with put or take. 1 That's the end of the news, so let’s a look at tomorrow’s weather. 2 This area of the country suffered more damage after the recent floods than all the other areas together. 3 Residents of the village _ ___ pressure on the government to repair the buildings damaged by the hurricane last month. I'm going to advantage of the fine weather and spend the day at the beach. The heavy rain ___ stop to us having a barbeque in the garden, so we ate inside instead. Will the school children part in helping to clear the snow away from garden paths? my advice, Never underestimate the power of nature. as The mountain village was at risk when the volcano started to erupt. Match the phrasal verbs below with their meanings. eos > be in for 1 a cause to happen 2 bring about b about to have something happen to you 3° cutoff © continue 4 goon d lift offa surface § live through € survive; experience something unpleasant 6 pick up 1 make it impossible to reach somebody or something {G Compiete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from task F. ‘The leaves in the park 7 ____ by the wind and blown around in the air. Judging by those big black clouds, it looks as if we a storm. ‘These mountain villages __ during the winter when it snows heavily. ‘The hot winds that came from Africa _____a rise in temperature in Europe. My aunt, who lives in America, has _five earthquakes, ame ew ee I'm so fed up. This bad weather _ __ for what seems like weeks. UNIT 11 The Power of Naturea [EB Complete the sentences with these words. FS however whatever whenever wherever whichever _ whoever you do, don’t go to India in the rainy season, did I put that article about the voleanoes of the world? Mediterranean country you visit in the summer, you can be sure of warm. sunny weather. hot you feel now, the weathermen say it will be hotter tomorrow. told you that thunderstorms are exciting has a very different opinion to mine. 'm terrified of them! ‘We always seem to have bad weather we goon holiday. Grammar Link Look at these examples from the article. Tornadoes, which are the fastest and most violent winds on earth, Those people whose lives have been put at risk. These cities became completely paralysed when snow up to 1.2 metres deep .. «» the Big Thompson Canyon, where they released 30 cm of rain in four hours. Scientists who explore the Antarctic have learnt a great deal .. Which of the words in bold refers to people? things? a place? time? belongings? Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 11 on page 184 before you do the tasks. [IB Complete the para ph with when, where, which, who and whose. Storms Halvor Solberg, (1) theories on storm development are world famous, came from Scandinavia, Solberg, (2) was Norwegian, was the first person to realise that different kinds of weather are related. In 1920, he noticed that many storms moved around the earth along a line (3) separated hot and cold air. He pointed out that there is the possibility of a great storm (4) _ the hot and cold air meet, Such storms tend to occur (5) there are areas of low-lying land next to the ocean. UNIT 11 The Power of Nature (93 "1 we wn Match the beginnings of the sentences to their endings. ‘There are a great many people whose a_the sun is hot and they can lie on the beach all day. Most people love the summer when b Iwas during the last solar eclipse. (One of the things which ¢ predicted that it would be fine made a terrible mistake. ‘The weather forecaster on TV who makes her feel good is the warmth of the sun. T cannot remember where € moods are affected by different kinds of weather. Join the following pairs of sentences, using the relative pronoun or adverb given. 1 10 ‘The man presents the weather on the TV. He is my best friend’s father. WHO I visited a place. It was there that I saw a voleano, WHERE We experienced the tropical storm while we were on holiday in the South Pacific. The storm was the worst for many decades. WHICH The photographer lives in New York. Her photos of the solar eclipse were printed in newspapers all round the world. WHOSE ‘The men saved many families during the floods. They were firemen. WHO Til never forget the winter. We moved house even though there was snow on the ground. WHEN One of the machines measures wind speeds very accurately. The machines are used by the Meteorological Office. WHICH ‘The scientist has been given an award. The scient famous. WHOSE 1's research into weather patterns has made him ‘The tornado passed through many major cities. It was very destructive, WHICH This is the area in Asia. They get a lot of deadly floods. WHERE ‘94 ) UNIT 11 The Power of Natureistening Link af You will hear five people talking about their experiences of natural disasters. Choose from the list (2-f) which comment matches what each speaker says. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use. It happened very unexpectedly. iSreakeal People had been given plenty of warning. Speaker 2 No one took the warnings very seriously. Speaker 3 It was the worst event of its kind in recent years. It might not have been started by natural causes. Speaker 4 It caused irreparable damage. Speaker 5 a b ic a e fe }peaking Link J) Imagine there have been serious floods in another area of your country. Here are some things that can be sent to help the people who are involved. Discuss why each of these is important and then decide which three are most important immediately after the disaster. Now report back to the cl Can you think of any other items that would be important or useful? riting Link In this unit, you are gol JB Read the question. Your teacher has asked your class to write a story about a terrible storm. The best one will be published in the schoo! magazine. The story must begin or end with the following: It was the storm which changed his life. to learn to write a story which begins or ends with given words. UNIT 11 The Power of Nature (95)© inorder to have a good idea for a story which ‘fits’ with the given sentence, you need to think about two question: How did the man’s life change? How was the storm responsible for this change? Read the story and find the answers to the two questions. It was the storm which changed his life. And whenever he remembers the storm, Jeremy thinks how lucky he is. Five years ago, on a cloudy, moonless night, Jeremy was driving home from work when the rain began.) Then the thunder and lightning started. Jeremy, who wasn’t bothered by storms, carried on driving. Suddenly, when Jeremy drove round a bend, there it was ~ a huge tree trunk straight across the road. Jeremy guessed it must have been struck by lightning. @{__) But it looked as if the driver ahead of him hadn't been so lucky. Jeremy could see a damaged car underneath the fallen trunk. ‘That young woman, Debbie, is now Jeremy's wife, and it’s all thanks to the storm! GQ There are five sentences missing from the story. Read through it again and choose from sentences ae the one which fits each gap. a Fortunately, he was able to stop in time. | He reduced his speed though, as the roads were so wet. | ¢ At first it seemed like just another cloudburst, but before long it was pouring, | down, making driving extremely difficult. d_ He rushed over and found that the driver, who was a young woman, wasn’t hurt, | only frightened, € There were bright flashes across the sky, quickly followed by deep rumbles. ©}_Now write your story which must begin or end with the given words. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) Paragraph 1 (Begin with the given words.) Start to introduce the characters and/or plot of your story. Paragraph 2 and 3. Develop your story ~ say what happened, when, how, to whom, and why. Paragraph 4 Finish off your story - you could choose a happy ending, a sad ‘one or a funny one. (End with the words given.) (B6) unrr11 The Power of Nature EeeLearning Link In this unit you will learn + words and phrases to help you talk about different kinds of holiday. * to exchange and express opinions about holidays, * to write a transactional letter asking for and giving information. * to use defining and non-defining relative clauses. Discuss these questions with a partner What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the following methods of holiday transport? a cruise ship aeroplane © coach How would you plan a two-week holiday for you and your best friend? Think about your destination, accommo type of holiday, facilities, eteReading Link Read the holiday advertisements quickly and find out why you would probably not choose to visit Cambodia in July. Your holiday, which is available from May until October, begins with an eight-hour fight from London. Family videos for inslight viewing, plus first-class meals, make your journey a pleasure. ‘The five-star Caribbean Palace Hotel, where you stay for a fortnight on a full-board basis, is the best hotel on the island. Other facilities included in the cost of your holiday are: * beach playgrounds; + swimming pools; + a babysitiing service; + water sports lessons, Prices: £950 per person per week; £650 per child (aged 2 to 10) per week children under 2 travel tree. Tour Egypt with Tutankhamen Travel Egppt, ofien called The Land of The Pharaohs, isa great holiday destination. With all tours and sightseeing trips included in the overall cost, our holiday is excellent value for ‘money. In just seven days we take you to the major Egyptian cities of Alexandria, Cairo, Luxor and Aswan, Naturally, a visit to the pyramids and a trip on the Nile are also on the agenda, The hotels you stay in are all three star and accommodation is bed and breakfast, giving you a chance to sample local cooking. Prices: £550 per person; £275 per child under 12 (G8) unit 12 Wish You Were Heret Indo-China Travel Company One country thats now back on the tourist map is Cambodia. Our two-certre haliday gives you the opportunity to sample both the excitement of the city and the quiet, natural beauty of the coast WYol'spend one week in the capital, Phnom Pent where you can enjoy the luxury of your fvelstar ‘hotel on a fullboard basis. ‘i The second week, spent at Shianoukvile is your | ‘chance to relax on undiscovered white sandy | beaches. Shianoukvilie is a place where tourists | are stil quite an unusual sight. Accommodation is bod and breakfast in small locally «un £720 per child under 12 per week Tip: Remember - the summer months are the rainy season in Cambodia Chiang, the second city of Thailand, is often called the capital of the north. ‘Some 700 kilometres north of Bangkok, Chiang is cool and refreshing during the hot season. Tours include: ‘+ Visitto Wat Chiang Man — the temple that contains the ‘maghiticent crystal and marble Buddhas; {tip to Chiang Mai Zoo ~ a modem, welLKept zoo, where you Can see over 500 species of animals; ‘The Elephant Training Centre - watch the men who train the elephants between 9 and 11 am every morning; ‘Mae Rim Orchid Farm - where youl se thousands of rare flowers All tours and enirance fees are included inthe price ofthe holiay, ‘Accommodation is in the five-star Chiang Mai Temple Hotel on a alk-board basis, Prices: £1500 per person, £800 per child (under 10) - for two wants,‘Over 2,000 years old and ‘travelling all.the ae to lina for. H you're somebody ‘who loves walking and who's inferested in history, this is the holiday for you. > _ Our quests spend their seven days in the luxury Wall Of China Hotel in Beijing, where they are served threé delicious meals a day. Every morning there is a coach trip to.a different part of the Wall, where visitors go on accompanied walks. Prices: £1050/person; £600/child (under 10) @J_Read the holiday advertisements again and answer the questions. Choose from paragraphs A-F. ring to the adverts, which hol includes daily coach journeys? includes a destination to which not many tourists have been? includes a train journey? take visitors to ancient man-made structures? aq) include full-board accomodation? qd) might be a good idea for a family with a baby? gives visitors the chance to see food growing? includes two meals a day? clejelsieceols includes seeing a huge variety of animals? promises you a sunny two weeks? takes visitors to several big cities in the same country? a) Gq) unit 2 wish You Were Heret (88) combines a city centre and a beach holiday?{Match the words from the holiday advertisements to their meanings. <> 1 tiny (advert A) a wy 2 pleasure (advert A) b uncommon 3 fortnight (advert A) © very small 4 sample (advert B) done ofa kind 5 overall (advert C) something enjoyable 6 agenda (advert C) f very tasty 7 rare (advert D) g fourteen days 8 trek (advert E) h total 9 unique (advert E) i walk through the countryside 10 delicious (advert F) J programme of things to do ©. Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 On at their hotel, our guests will be given a list of tours available. ARRIVE 2 The hotel made everyone feel very welcome. RECEPTION 3 After the thirteen-hour + We were understandably tired. FLY 4 One of the biggest of this camping site is the poor shower facilities. ADVANTAGE 5 I saw an offer when I was looking through the travel ee in the paper. ADVERTISE 6 Itwould be a to come and stay with you for a few days. PLEASE 7 The island is quiet; there are hardly any tourists and lots of beaches. DISCOVER 8 All rooms are cleaned ‘and bed linen is changed twice a week. DAY GB complete the text with these words. accommodation breakfast —_eruise foreign guided _—_—package passports self-catering sightseeing weekend Family Holidays ‘There's nothing | like better than going off on a holiday with my family. We usually have two or three @ breaks through the winter and then a longer holiday in the summer. During our weekends away, we enjoy visiting European cities and spend our time going on @ tours and (3) in beautiful cities such as Florence, Paris and Amsterdam. We stay in luxury hotels and either choose just bed and (4) or half: board (5) : In the summer, we enjoy rather different kinds of holidays. Sometimes we choose # (6) holiday and go with a group of people, but usually we just arrive in a (7) 7 place and explore it for ourselves. We also prefer to stay in (8) apartments rather than a hotel where you have to eat at set times. Who knows where we'll end up this summer? Maybe we'll take a (9) in the Mediterranean! I don’t like to plan things too early. As long as our (10) are ready, it doesn’t matter if we make a decision at the last minute. UNIT 12 Wish You Were Here!§§ Complete the sentences with these prepositions. You need to use some of them more than once. between for from of, on under until 1 Olivia said that her holiday to Jamaica was great value money. | 2 The cost the holiday is £900 per person and children ten pay half price. 3 He wants to spend his holiday ‘a deserted beach a tropical island. 4 All tours and excursions are included the price of your holiday. 5 The travel agent's is closed one and two o'clock for lunch. 6 Henry will be touring Europe the end of May the middle of July. 7 You can choose to stay at this hotel a full-board basis or, if you prefer, a half-board basis. 8 I've booked a taxi to take me to the airport because I don’t want to rely public transport. rammar Link Look at this sentence from advertisement A. It is an example of a non-defining relative clause. The tiny Caribbean island of Antigua, where the sunshine is guaranteed, offers you crystal-clear waters and fantastic beaches. Is the relative clause in bold necessary to be able to understand the main sentence? Now look at this sentence from advertisement D. It is an example of a defining relative clause. Shianoukville is a place where tourists are still quite an unusual sight. Is the relative clause in bold necessary to be able to understand the main sentence? _ What difference is there in punctuation between the examples? _ emmateen es ‘When the relative clause gives us extra information we usc _ ‘from the rest of the sentence. When the information is necessary we dor Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 12 on page 185 before you do the tasks. {J Put commas in the following sentences if they contain non-defining relative clauses. Greece which has many beautiful istands is a very popular holiday destination. The hotel had a large swimming pool and bar where guests could relax, Julian’s father who owns a travel agency has arranged our honeymoon. | ‘The man who was staying in the room next to ours was from Paris, } Star Travel whose holidays are the cheapest has opened two new shops in the town centre. | Thad a fantastic time when I visited my cousins in America. The sightseeing tour which we eventually chose included lunch at a very nice restaurant. 1 eaaneune ‘The girl whose luggage was lost made a complaint to the airline. UNIT 12 Wish You Were Here! (101GB Join the following pairs of sentences using a relative pronoun or adverb. Use commas where necessary, 1 We went to the island of Corfu, My friend had recommended it to us. 2. We complained to the hotel manager. He refused to give us a refund. 3 My uncle is a tourist guide. His job involves dealing with clients’ problems. 4 Sheila works as an air hostess. She loves her job very much. 5 Thad been looking at holiday brochures. Helen arrived unexpectedly. 6 We flew with the airline. Their prices were the best. 7 Helen stayed in a small village. My husband and I had stayed there on our honeymoon. 8 Barcelona is a beautiful city. My cousin works there, You will hear two friends talking about plans to build a new hotel in their area. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer, a, b or c. 1 Jenny thinks that 5. The tourists athe new hotel will spoil the seaside view. a_always spend too much money on holidays. b the new hotel should be purple. b destroy the local land, ¢ pink is a great colour for the new hotel. ‘¢ aren't responsible for the problems in the area. 2° Tom thinks that 6 The hotel developers athe hotel won't help the area develop. are totally unacceptable, in Tom’s opinion. 'b_ Jenny spent too long getting her degree. b don't like the owners of the Golden Bay. ¢ Jenny might get a job at the hotel. ‘¢ also own another big resort in the area, 3° According to Tom, the hotel developers 7 People who live in the local area a have promised to talk to locals. a can’t visit the Golden Bay resort. always talk to locals. b don't dare complain about anything. ¢ will be meeting with people from © are impressed by the developers’ rules around the country. and their new policies. 4 Jenny believes that business people 8 In Jenny's opinion, a. are always good people. all the beaches in the area will be destroyed soon. b_ are only interested in making money. b_ the new hotel could bring money into the area © have great personalities. € local people shouldn’t work at the new hotel. 102) UNIT 12 Wish You Were Here!peaking Link, a Work with a partner. jour partner so that you can agree, dis Ask and answer the questions. Sahat he/she hos 39 ore Because this is a discussion, you must listen carefully to ‘What was one of the best holidays you've ever had? Why was it so enjoyable? How do you think your accommodat mn might affect a holiday? Do you think it’s better to have a holiday in a large city or a quieter are What are the advantages and disadvantages of students working during their holidays? (ow report back to the el vriting Link. In this unit, you are going to learn to write a letter asking for and giving information. Read the question. Then read the advertisement and the notes you have made. You have seen the following advertisement in a newspaper and are interested in finding out more. Look at the advertisement and the notes you have made and then write a letter to the company. | specialists in "+ Experience nature and wildlife without damaging the environment | > Short breaks and longer stays available * Wide variety of@ecommodation and 201 es whut kind” : one week Mention this advertisement and receive ad0% discount —: i ; Pe MU UUM NN ait OL Lee Co ST Sci a UNIT 12 Wish You Were Here! (103)When you write a letter asking for information, you have to be polite. One way to do this is to use indirect questions. Look back at 9.3 of the Grammar Reference on page 181 before you do the task. Pontes Iwonder if... Could you... ? Do you know ... ? Isit possible for you to Can you let me know if / whether 1 Which countries do you visit? 2 Have you got any more information? 3 What exactly is eco-tourism? 4 What kind of accommodation is available? 4 5 How much do the holidays cost? 6 Where do I go to book one of your holidays? 5 GX} Now write your letter asking for and giving information. Use some of the indirect questions from Task M and the outline below to help you. Don't forget to include the information they asked for. (160-180 words) | ¢ Greeting Dear Sir/Madam, Paragraph 1 Say where you saw the advert and why you are writing. 7 Paragraph 2 ‘Ask some general questions about eco-tourism. Ask some more detailed questions about the holidays. Paragraph 3 Give them the information they ask for. Closing paragraph Ask them to send you the information you have asked for. 4 Signing off Yours faithfully, (your name) 104) UNIT 12 Wish You Were Heret Ee een“questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, ¢, or d. Take a____ in case you get lost in the forest. a compass b credit stream parcel I found a lovely new jacket in the _ a bargains b offers © sales d_ bonus Ttried to was a bad idea. a assess b achieve bother d_ convince Can I pay by a cheque b_ price © cost d_ refund Henry that his invention » please? Could you a look after b- put up with © get through d setup my cat at the weekend, please? ‘The ice around the world is_ fast. a. spinning b_ melting ¢ cloning d_ performing Make a Wish isa a lawyer b colleague charity d_ pleasure __ that helps children, My village gets picked up lived through cut off brought about whenever it snows. acre 9 10 u 2 1B 14 15 16 ,eview 6 Vocabulary A Thad a great time! It was a certainly b nearly locally exactly There was a flash _ a blizzard b volcano © lightning d_ flood He didn’t want to speak to Sally, so he her. sampled raised ignored volunteered __aday to remember. after the rain. acces You can only see the a canyon b column © tip cap The food in our hotel was ____. a delicious b delighted © common supreme of the iceberg. Lwent for a a train b trek © ground a visit in the mountains yesterday. Our in Amsterdam was self-catering. a package b agenda © cruise accommodation Go to Egypt for a totally __ holiday. a unique b rare tiny d_ previous REVIEW 3 Units 9-12 (105.Review 6 Grammar For questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b,c, or d. 1 ‘There are so many people with mobile phones these days, aren't they aren't there don’t they aren't we acces _when the next train is, please? Could you tell me Can you let me Iwould Twonder if aege You couldn't help me with my invention, ai eyont a could b can ce did d are ‘The volunteer wasn't sure, but said she to help out. could might be able to would must Dantold me __ a notto b don't ¢ wouldn't ad not aoe, 20 exploring in the rainforest. ‘The manager apologised a to b for that don being late. Peter said that __to quit his job for months before he actually did it. a he plans b_ he is planning ¢ he will be planning dhe had been planning Ron offered refused blamed. congratulated Kay on her new job. aege (706) emewa unis o-12 9 10 TT 2 14 15 16 Tcan’t remember __T was during the last earthquake, a where 1b whose © which who She’s the woman __ climbed Everest last year. a when b who whose which ‘That is the family _ house was destroyed in the tornado. a whose b who © when ds where We couldn't leave the house __ our street flooded. a, which’ b whose cc, when d when They said the tour guide was meeting us 4 a tomorrow b the following day € the day after d_ the day before Who ___ to come to my pai a does want b wants © want to want My mother __ travels a lot, has visited fifty countries, a who b- which © where d_ who He asked where the hotel was where was the hotel if was the hotel whether the hotel was anesIn this unit you will learn ‘+ words and phrases to help you talk about health and keeping fit. ‘to ask and answer questions about being fit and healthy and about dangerous activities, + to write a transactional letter making suggestions and recommendations. + to use conditionals, as long as, even if, in case, and provided, Work with a partner. Match the food groups to the categories in the food pyramid. Then check your answers with the rest of the class. Carbohydrates Sugars, fats and oils Fruit and vegetables Dairy products Proteins Eatalittle ) [Eat some) | Eat lots) | UNIT 13 Fighting Fit (107)[BB Feead the diary entries quickly and find out when the writer spoke to someone about her problem. «<5 Claire's Diary DY 45m. sun 18th March ta ed 1 feel really ill know I shouldn't have made myself sick, but I've eaten so much this week. Mum has been complaining that she doesn't know where the food's going, but I think she knows it was me who ‘ate everything. Ifshe says anything else, I'l scream? ‘Next week, I'm going to be good. I don't want Dad to think there's something wrong when we go to see him at his new house next weekend. © Whom, sun 25th March | What a disaster! Dad had arranged this big lunch for me, and my step-mum got annoyed when she saw ‘me picking at my food. I didn’t think she'd notice ~ she was paying so much attention to Dad ~ but she got offended, Then Dad said that I had to make an effort to be nice to her, and I lost my temper. Ifyou « hadn't ft, none ofthis would have happened,’ said. He didn't like thay, sole brought me home early. {ee been so good this week. I hardly ate anything at school and Mum was t00 busy to notice what I ate at home, Well, I don't care. As long as Mum is OK, Dad can do what he wants € TERED 2090, sun sts ape After the disaster with Dad, Mum said that I would feel better if | had somewhere to let off steam, so « 1 Joined the local sym. I went every day afer school last week. The instructor fold me not o do ico ‘much, but I paid no attention. 1'm sill on my diet ve lost 5 kilos, bu it’s not enough. If Thave a bad day, I do more exercises at e 4 the gym. Mum is really worried about me. She says it's not normal to think about food and weight all 2 the time. I know she's right, but what can I say to her? 2pm, Sun 18th Apel «4 A lady came to our school from the Eating Disorder Support Group this week. I though it would ‘be a waste of time, but it was very interesting. She told us about different eating disorders, and what BS the symptoms are. From what she said, [think I've got something called bulimia nervosa. «es I'm thinking about phoning her after school tomorrow. Fl do it when Mum’s at work, in case she = overhears the phone call. Wim, Sun 2204 apt Welt I phoned Mrs Thomson last Tuesday. She said she would like o see me, provided I alked 10 | Mum first. Lwas dreading it, but it turned out to be easier than I had thought. Mum knew something | was wrong, and she was pleased I'd worked it out for myself. ‘So she came to the frst meeting but yesterday I went on my own. Mrs Thomson told me some really ‘Arightening things, but she thinks that Iwill be OK, because I staried ireaiment early. I met some other Birls who have bulimia, and they were really nice, to0. It was good to hear other people who feel the «es same as I do. From now on, I'l go every week. Even if it takes a long time, it will be worth it PS I won't be writing for a while ~ Mrs Thomson says it’s beter if I talk about my feelings. ¢ SP WDem sun sin soy Tjust have to write about what happened tonight! I had a party for my 16th birthday. Everything was perfect! I invited everyone from school, and some of the girls from the group. Even Dad came! Mrs Thomson was there too. 1m still going to the meetings, but I don't have to go every week. I just go when Twant to talk to somebody. I think everything is going to be all right! UNIT 19 Fighting Fita Read the diary entries again and answer the questions. 1 Why had Claire’s mum been complaining in the first week? Who does Claire have lunch with in the second week? 3 What change does Claire make in the third week’? 4) Why will Claire call Mrs Thomson when her mum's at work? Who went with Claire to the first meeting with Mrs Thomson? 6 How often does Claire go to her mectings? The words and phrases below have been taken from the reports. Circle the word or phrase closest in meaning to each on 1 ill (part 1) a not well b not happy 2. disaster (part 2) a catastrophe b celebration 3 paying ... attention (part 2) a talking; shouting b listening; taking notice 4° offended (part 2) a angry b upset 5 lost my temper (part 2) a got angry b started to ery 6 let off steam (part 3) a get rid of anger b get fit 7 disorders (part 4) a illnesses b _untidiness 8 overheats (part 4) a hears something secret b hears something funny 9 dreading (part 5) a avoiding b afraid of 10 treatment (part 5) a therapy b behaviour UNIT 13 Fighting Fit (108){GB Match the phrasal verbs to their meanings. >> <> 1 clear up a realise; understand 2. give up b knock down (on the road) 3 hold onto ¢ happen in the end 4 pick at stop (a bad habit) 5 putoff € not let go of 6 rundown f tidy; make neat again 7 turn out & play about with (food) 8 work out h delay; postpone Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from task E. 1 Don't ery. I'm sure everything will all right in the end. 2 Please stop your food! Just eat it, You must this rope and swing across the river without getting wet. It's excellent exercise! 4 [finally that I must be allergic to eggs. Every time T eat one, I get an upset tummy. 5 T'mgoing to starting my diet until after my holiday. 6 You really should think about smoking; it would do your cough some good. 7 That poor girl in the street last week, but luckily she wasn’t badly hurt, 8 Ifyou use the equipment in the sports hall, please afterwards G Circle the correct words. 1 saw your sister last week at the doctor's office / surgery. Is she fecling better now? T'm going to have an aspirin because my head pains / hurts. Be careful with that sharp knife; you might bruise / cut yourself. Thave to take this pharmacy / medicine for ten days and then go to see Doctor Brown again. 1 got this burn / lump while I was ironing, Doctor Thompson gave James a thorough examination / operation and said he was fit and healthy He is going to the Amazon, so he’s had a lot of vaccinations / injections. eran eune ‘The nurse asked the child her name wl she was taking her pressure / temperature 110) UNIT 13 Fighting FitLook at these examples from the diary entries. 1 If she says anything else, Iwill scream. 2 If Thave a bad day, I do more exercises at the gym. Do these sentences refer to present/future time or past time? In which sentence can we replace if with when? Which one talks about a possible situation? This is an example of the first conditional. Which one talks about a habitual fact? ‘This is an example of the zero conditonal. Look at this example from the diary entries. . [would feel better if Thad somewhere to let off steam .. Does it refer to present/future time or past time? Does Claire have somewhere to let off steam? a Does this sentence talk about something which could happen easily or something that is less likely to happen? zt This is an example of the second conditional. Look at this example from the diary entries. Ifyou hadn't left, none of this would have happened. Who is Claire talking t0? Does this sentence refer to present/future time or past time? Did Claire's dad leave? Does this sentence talk about something that can be changed or about something that can’t be changed? This is an example of the third conditional. Study 13.1 of the Grammar Reference on page 185 before you do the task. J} Complete the answers to the questions with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. More than one answer may be possible. 1 Let’s go jogging in the rain, shall we? No, ifwe (do) that, we __ (get) wet. 2 T’ve got such a headache! What do you do when you've got a headache? Whent (have) a headache, 1 u (take) an aspirin. 3 Can you tell Bill and Tom about the team practice? Yes, if T (see) them, I i (tell) them, 4 [really feel out of shape. What could I do to feel better? Ifyou (take) more exercise, you __ (feel) better. 5 Have you heard that there’s a new gym near the university? ‘Yes, and if it _ (be) any good, I a Goin) it. 6 Did you enjoy the Beijing Olympics? Yes, but we (enjoy) them more if our country (win) more medals. UNIT 13 Fighting Fit (111)(listening ink fe GB \0u will hear people speaking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer, bore. 1 Listen to this woman speaking. What's her job? aa ski instructor b alifeguard on a beach © a swimming teacher 2 Listen to this conversation between two people. Where does the conversation take place? a inacafé b inagym € ina doctor’s surgery 3 Listen to a man talking, Where did he trip over? a ona bus b outside his home ¢ at the cinema 4 You hear a conversation between a father and a son, What is the father doing? a giving a final warning b_ giving advice © paying his son a compliment 5 Listen to a doctor talking to a group of people. Who are they? a parents b nurses © medical students 6 Listen to these two friends talking, Where does their conversation take place? a ina gym b ina park € at schoo! 7 Listen to this conversation between a husband and wife. The woman a criticising the man. encouraging the man. © making fun of the man, 8 Here is part of a radio interview. The man a isan accident victim. b works for a health € isa lawyer for the insurance company. construction business. Eye ded Pa ee Look at these examples from the diary entries. As long as Mum is OK, Dad can do what he wants Til do it when Mum’s at work, in ease she overhears the phone call. She said she would like to see me, provided I talked to Mum first. Even if it takes a long time, it will be worth it Which word or phrase in bold explains that somebody does something because it is possible that something else might happen? Which word or phrase means it doesn’t matter if? Which words or phrases mean only if? and Werke inst. gs Peay when we want to say that one thing can ‘happen or be true only if another thing happens first. We use _ : = when we want to explain that something happens because of the possibility of something else also happening, ____ Means that something will happen whether another thing happens or not. Study 13.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 186 before you do the tasks. (@) unm Fighting Fe™ Complete the sentences with as long as, even if, in case and provided. More than one answer may be possible. 1 Tve made some vegetarian dishes, anyone at the party doesn’t eat meat. | 2 Having a healthy lifestyle is not so hard you eat sensibly and take some exercise. 3 Jonathan says he'll take windsurfing lessons they're expensive. You should always take warm clothes to the mountains it gets really cold. 5 Jenny will be completely safe she follows the instructor's advice. Complete the second sentence using the grammar you learnt in this unit so that it has a similar ‘meaning to the first sentence. Use the given word and write between two and five words. | 1 Duncan eats a lot of sweets and that is why he is so fat, be If Duncan didn’t eat so many sweets, so fat. 2. My team might win the game. That's the only thing that will make me happy. long Iwill be my team wins the game. 3. We should take a first aid kit because someone might get hurt, case We should take a first aid kit burt. 4 Travelling by boat always makes me sick. if | Lam always by boat, 5 I wasn't able to go skiing because Iwas ill. not If , I would have gone skiing. 6 Tim won't join that health club because it’s so expensive. would If that health club wasn’t oe it, 7 It doesn’t matter if the weather is bad; camping is still good fun. even Camping is still good fun bad. He likes to play tenni cold. 8 He likes to play tennis but not when it’s cold. if | | Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. | Student A | Do you care about being fit and healthy? Do you take exercise or play sport on a regular basis? | There is an expression You are what you eat, Do you agree | with this? ‘ i Do you think that some people ate too worried about what they Actually, ... is quite eat? important to me, | To be honest, .. Student B To tell you truth, .. Should you avoid playing a sport or doing an activity just because other people think it is dangerous? Do you have any ‘dangerous’ hobbies? Ifyou were a parent, would you let your child ride a motorbike? If I were a parent, [ think Td... | UuniT19 Fighting Fit (193)In this unit, you are going to learn to write a letter making suggestions and recommendat {Qi} Read the question. Then read the extract from the letter and the notes you have made. This is part of a letter from a friend of yours who is going to a big social event in a few weeks. Using the extract from your friend’s letter, and your own notes below, write a letter to your friend making suggestions and recommendations about what he/she could do. g forward to it. But what eight and smarten oo ideas! and {'m really lookin | do to lose a bit o! sel up? Lat me know if youve got any By the way, when are You {GJ Using the helpful expressions given to start your sentences, change the points In your notes into suggestions / recommendations. Why don’t you 1 It might be a good idea if 2 Have you thought of 3° What about 4 You should 5 6 I think you ought to Now write your letter making suggestions and recommendations. Use the letter outline and the sentences from Task N to help you. (160-180 words) mea! Greeting Dear (name of your friend), Paragraph 1 ‘Thank your friend for his/her letter and say that you will try to help. Paragraph 2 Give him/her advice about how to lose a little weight. Paragraph 3 Give him/her suggestions about how to look smarter Closing Paragraph Say that you hope your letter will help and wish your friend good luck. Say that you hope he/she enjoys himself/herself at the social event (wedding, party, etc). Signing off With love /Best wishes, (your name) (414) untr 1s Fighting Fit eet e Food, Glorious Food In this unit you will learn ‘words and phrases to help you talk about different kinds of food and places to eat in, ‘+ to compare and contrast photographs showing different settings to eat in and to give your opinion about which you prefer. + to write a formal report making suggestions and recommendations. # to use articles and determiners. J) Ask your classmates these questions and then complete the ple chart and the bar chart to show your results. How often do you eat fast food? a never b th aiaihetiiaaiie 2. What is your favourite kind of fast food? © once a week ; a burgers a pizza m ften + Poe b chicken e jacket potato f sandwich and chips people [_Jnever [__jonce a week [__jonce a month [__jmore often oa UNIT 14 Food, Glorious Food (115)Read the report quickly and find out what reason most people over fifty gave for being at a fast food restaurant. aad Britain's high consumption of fast food has been attributed to the fact that people are often too busy to eat a proper balanced diet. "Nutritionists say the figures are worrying and warn that while occasionally eating fast food is not harmtul, a high fat diet can increase the likelihood of heart disease, ‘The Survey This report is based on the findings of a survey which was carried out at six wellknown fast food chains. 1,000 people aged 13-65 were asked a number of questions conceming their eating habits, and the restaurant managers were asked ‘about healthy eating choices available at their restaurants. (On average, people buy food around twice a ‘week trom fastfood outlets. However, teenagers ‘eat out more often. The majority of teenagers eat at fast food outlets approximately three times each week. The survey also showed that teenagers made up almost two thirds of the customers of pizzaand burger restaurants, over half of the customers of chicken restaurants, and around 4 in every 10 of the customers of fish and chip shops. None of the teenagers interviewed said that they didn't like a particular kind of fast food. ‘A small number of customers at the fast food outlets visited were over the age of tity — approximately 5 par cent. The majorty of these interviewees claimed to be eating at the restaurant in question because they were with younger people, mainly grandchildren. Unfortunately, neither the teenagers nor the older people seemed to be aware of the dangers of eating fast food on a regular basis, ‘The managers were more than willing to supply healthy options from their menus, They all ‘agreed that itis important to offer people some help in identifying them, The main advantage of all the healthy dishes suggested below is that they have less fal The amount of fat contained in a burger partly depends on how it is cooked. Grilled burgers are reasonably lean, {as opposed to burgers fried on a griddle. The manager also ‘suggested that customers interested in eating a healthy meal should choose a burger with plenty of salad. 116) UNIT 14 ‘The manager of the chicken food chain stated that both giiled and oven-cooked chicken, especially skinless chicken, are healthier choices than coated, deep-fried chicken because they absorb less fat. Although fish can be healthy, when it is fried in batter it can contain a lot of fat. However, ‘the manager claims that their fish is fried in unsaturated oil at the right temperature, so it contains less fat than the fish sold at other fish and chip shops. f Thick crust pizzas aro a healthier choice than thin crust ‘ones. They're more filing, as ‘more base and less topping is eaten. The manager also mentioned that pizzas wih lots of vegetables on top are also healthier than ones with meats and cheeses. ‘The potato is an excellent source of starch and, if eaten with the skin, is a good source of fibre According to the manager, fatty baked potato fillings like cheese or sour cream should be avoided ‘According to the manager of the sandwich shop, all bread, especially wholemeal, is. healthy. Itis worth noting that a lot of the fat in sandwiches can come from either butter or mayonnaise. Flavour can be improved with lemon juice or black pepper instead. In conclusion, although the figures aro worrying, it is reassuring to know that there are healthier options for people who eat fast food,@_ Read tne report again and choose the best answer a, b, or d for each question. 1 What is the opinion of nutritionists? a. Eating any fast food is bad for your health. b_ Eating some fast food is good for your health. ¢ Eating too much fast food can catise health problems. Eating fast food while on a diet is not healthy. 2 According to the survey, how many teenagers eat fast food three times a week? a most of them bless than half © allof them _ none of them 3 The restaurant managers are keen to a show customers their menus. b_ offer customers only healthy food. ¢ show customers healthy alternatives. @_ serve customers food without any fat. 4 Which burgers have the least fat? a ones with salad | b_ cooked ones € fried ones 4 grilled ones 5 According to the manager of the chicken food chain, what is the least healthy? | | a grilled chicken b deep-fried chicken € oven-cooked chicken d__ skinless chicken 6 Cheese fillings for baked potatoes are said to be high in a fibre. b- starch, © cream. fat. 7 The manager of the sandwich shop states that all kinds of bread are good for you. b_ some kinds of bread are good for you. ¢_ no kind of bread is good for you. d_ only wholemeal bread is good for you. 8 The conclusion of the report is a worrying. b balanced. | © optimistic pessimistic. | [B} Find words and phrases in the report that have the following meanings. people who study and give advi possibility (para 1) set of questions to find out what people do or think (para 2) about, not exactly (para 3) people who were asked questions on a particular subject (para 4) choices (para 5) has in it; is made of (para 8) where something is found or comes from (para 10) taste (para 11) comforting (para 12) about what we should eat (para 1) Sowraneene UNIT 14 Food, Glorious Food (117)Match the phrases to the percentages they represent. 1 none a 100% 2° the vast majority of b 0% 3 all © 10% 4° two thirds of d 40% 5° asmall number of e 53% 6 four out of ten £ 66% 7 just over half g 94% Complete the text with these words. Pa A meal out book “Shall 1) a table to eat out or shall we have a (2) course at home?” Thomas asked. I was in the mood to get dessert dressed up, so we went to try the new (3) in town. menu ‘We had a drink while we looked at the (4) and then ordered (S)_______ our meal. We both had prawn cocktail for restaurant @ sbeefforthe main(7) and starters chocolate mousse for (8) takeaway. Alter coffee, Thomas paid the (9) iB _, left a tip (10) for the waitress and then we took a taxi home. {© Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 She thinks about nothing but her weight; it's become an - OBSESS 2 I think the ____ of people enjoy eating out, don't you? MAJOR 3 ____, David won't be able to join us on Friday night for dinner. FORTUNE 4 Could you eat more ? Read this article to find out more. HEALTH 5 Eating at the hotel is s you can choose to go to one of the many restaurants in town if you prefer. OPTION 6 Apicnic in the country isan __Way to spend a summer's day. ENJOY 7 We're having a at work to decide where to have our New Year's party this year. MEET 8 My mother coe of me eating between meals. APPROVAL 18) UNIT 14 Food, Glorious FoodLook at these examples from the report. Thick crust pizzas are a healthier choice than thin crust ones. The potato is an excellent source of starch Flayour can be improved with lemon juice .. Paying special attention to the nouns in bold, answer these questions. a Which noun has an article? q b _ Isthe noun plural or singular? © Which noun is uncountable? d_ Doesit have an article? eee e Which noun is plural? Bee. f Does it have an article? EEE Eee ‘When we talk in general, we donot usean with uncountable nouns. When we talk in general about countable nouns, we can either use the noun without an article or the ____ noun with the. Look at these examples from the report. 1 This report is based on the findings of a survey .. 2 The survey also showed that teenagers made up almost two thirds of the customers. 3° The managers were more than willing to supply healthy options .. 4... it contains tess fat than the fish sold at other fish and chip shops. Paying special attention to the nouns in bold, answer these questions. Which examples show us specific singular nouns? and Which article is used a for the first time the noun is mentioned? b when the noun has already been talked about? ‘Which examples show us specific plural nouns? and Which one a talks about nouns which have already been mentioned in the report? z b_ gives us information in the sentence that makes it clear which nouns we are talking about? Which article is used in both these cases? Study 14.1 of the Grammar Reference on pages 186-187 before you do the task. UNIT 14 Food, Glorious Food (119GB Complete the paragraph with a/an, the or -. More than one answer may be possible. Fast Food Fads w fast food is probably (2) ‘most popular food with (3)___ young people all over (4) world. There is plenty of choice about what to eat although (5) burgers are usually (6) first choice. (7) burgers which are served with (8) sauce, 0) cheese and (10) salad on top are favourites. In (11) most fast food restaurants, along with (12) burger, you can get (13) enormous ice-cold drink and (14) French fries, too, GB You will hear part of a weekly radio interview with Emily Jackson, a food critic for the local area. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. ‘The first restaurant visited wascalled@{ Sd Overall, Emily thought the food here was overpriced and@{— =) ‘The most impressive part of the meal was the : The billcameto@™ id. Emily would only go back if there was a different ‘The sevond restaurant has been open (Q______) Emily thought her chicken was@{— The fish that her daughter ordered had been J _—*d Herson had] for dessert Emily thought the cost of the meal here wasvery@J_ SS Look at these examples from the report. None of the teenagers interviewed said that they didn’t like a particular kind of fast food. neither the teenagers nor the older people seemed to be aware of the dangers of eating fast food .. They all agreed that it is important to offer people some help in ideruifying them. The manager... stated that both grilled and oven-cooked chicken ... are healthier choices than «the fat in sandwiches can come from either butter or mayonnaise. Which of the words or phrases in bold a means not one and not the other? b_ means one and the other? € means every one of them? means not one? means one or the other? Study 14.2 of the Grammar Reference on page 187 before you do the task. (120) UNIT 14 Food, Glorious Food[Circle the correct words. 1 We thanked all them / them all for a wonderful anniversary party Both / None of the things on the menu appealed to me. They were all horrible. Neither my mother or / nor my grandmother can make @ good souffle. Each / All table in the restaurant had different flowers on it, ‘The children had all / all had a good time at the pienic. Neither / Either meat nor fish is suitable because she’s a vegetarian ‘We can either / neither have an Indian meal or a Chinese one. ea a kw Both / Either of his brothers have become famous chefs on television. 9 The whole / All the restaurant was full of people when we arrived 10 Both / Either day would be fine for a lunch party. Work with a partner. One of you should look at photographs A and B and the other at C and D. ‘Compare and contrast them and say which setting you would prefer to eat in. Use the expressions to help you. Then discuss the question below. I think I'd rather ... To be honest, I (don’t) think I'd enjoy eating here. It looks a bit/quite ‘The people in this photograph look as though .. The surroundings are ([ icyou csereiten none or more of these settings? ) UNIT 14 Food, Glorious Food (121)In this unit, you are going to learn to write a formal report. a Conclusion Read the question. Then read the report and put the correct b Give up fizz headings in the gaps. ug naaduction You have been asked to write a report recommending a Money isn’t everything suitable diet for students who are at university and just ob starting to live on their own. e Eat your greens {Home cooking is best aq aq) ‘The purpose of this report is to recommend a None of the carbonated drinks available is very for university students who have recently good for us. Its much healthier to drink water started living independently and, of course, it’s cheaper too. Milk is also aq) healthy and good for our teeth and bones. University students don’t often have alot of © @_) money, but that doesn’t mean they can’t eat Instead of going out to fast food restaurants, well. They can still buy nutritious food and —_it’s better for students to prepare their meals, enjoy a balanced dict on a limited budget. It__at home. Even a simple meal, ike eggs on just needs some careful thought. toast with a sliced tomato and a drink of milk, a is fine. \ I One of the most important things isto make @_) gN sure they eat enough fruit and vegetables. If university students J We need several portions of fruit and follow this advice, vegetables every day to keep our bodies in they'll soon get into good condition. It’s best to buy them fresh and the habit of eating they're usually cheaper if they are bought from good food at very a local market. good prices, {G} Now write your report. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) hin ea ken poets before you start writing ~ these will make the framework of your ‘Include your own ideas, opinions and suggestions in a report lke this. oak aes Introdu ion ‘Say what the report is about. Paragraphs 1-4 Write about your recommendations and suggestions. Use a different paragraph for each point and don’t forget to use suitable headings. Conclusion Give your final thoughts on the subject. (422) UNIT 14 Food, Glorious Food Look back at the Learning Link and talk about what you have learnt.In this unit you will learn * words and phrases to help you talk about different kinds of learning. * to discuss pictures that may be included in a language school brochure and to put them in order of usefulness. * to write a story which begins with given words. «to talk about possibility using may and might (have), and to talk about certainty using must and cart (have). How do you think these dogs can help people? Can you think of any other things that dogs do for people? peer ase UNIT 15, 123,{GB Fead through the article quickly and find out how young dogs can be taught not to bite. Today, Mike Palmer takes a look at dog training methods. One of the questions | am often asked by friends who are thinking of getting a dog concerns training. This would seem to be quite an easy question to answer, but itis far more complicated than it appears. It all depends on the breed of dog, its size and its character Of these three factors, the way in which a dog behaves is the most significant. An article written about a large breed of dog, the Great Dane, suggests the following test when choosing a puppy. @{__) If, on the other hand, it continues to struggle, it will be harder to control. Because of its great size this breed is particularly difficult to train if training has not begun properly when they are small. It is also very important for the owner of such a dog (or any other breed for that matter) to be self-confident during training periods. Without this quality in the owner, the dog is unlikely to respond correctly. This is because dogs always look to a leader for attention and protection. At the other end of the size scale, there is a small breed which may be difficult to control: the Jack Russell. A schooltriend of mine had one that used to object Violently when I tried to leave his house after a visit. It would try to bite everyone in sight until | managed to get through the front door. Then it would run to the window, jump on the couch and bark furiously as 1 walked towards the garden gate. €_) when a dog is allowed to behave in this way without appropriate response, it actually learns that this kind of behaviour is acceptable So, itis @ good idea to teach the puppy that itit can't play propery, it can't play at all. If @ puppy bites, experts do not recommend hittingitor holding its mouth closed. Instead they suggest that the dog’s lips should be gently pushed towards its teeth. Then, the dog tries to bite, it only bites itself This action will correct its behaviour and remind it that you are the boss. }24) UNIT 15 Lessons to Learn This is particularly effective with Jack Russels. @{ _) For example, Dalmatians react very well to motivation training. This involves rewarding a dog for doing the Fight thing at the right time. In order to get the dog to sit, for example, motivation in the form of a toy or a biscuit can be used to make him do it. This type of training comes from the experiments of B F Skinner, an American psychologist, and it is a simple idea: dog does something, so dog gets food. €_) Apparently, these dogs like to please themselves rather than their owners, In other words, their idea of motivation training goes as follows: owner likes what dog does, so owner gives dog food. The trick, therefore, in training this idiosyncratic animal successfully is to convince it that doing what it is told is its own idea and not its trainer's. Once this dog believes that its owner is being tricked into giving it rewards, it will learn quickly and effectively, especially if the rewards are in the form of attreat Apart from food and toys being used in dog training, there are also special collars which are worn by a dog and can be used to control its behaviour. @| _) Experienced trainers disagree with me on this point so | decided to do a simple experiment, which proved | was right. | wrapped one of these collars around my arm and got someone to pull gently on it. It hurt. Then. | asked the same person to pull hard. It hurt a lot. | really feel that the best advice 1 can give about dog training is that you should always be kind to your dog and never scold it unnecessarily during training as it might not have understood exactly what you wanted it to do.[B}_ There are six sentences missing trom the article. Read through it ag the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to us A G and choose from sentences A-G So, if these needs can be met successfully, the dog will feel secure, which will make building trust much easier. However, other breeds need a different approach. Although I have been assured that there is nothing wrong with them, I'm sure dogs must feel pain when they are pulled. Obviously this particular dog can’t have been trained properly as it did not realise that its behaviour was undesirable. ‘They are also good with children, but there must be supervision at all times because they can get quite rough. Put the puppy on its back and hold it down and, if the puppy strugeles for a few seconds and then stops, it will be easy to train "The vast majority of owners like this painless method and so does one particular breed of dog - Basset Hounds. [B} Match the words from the article to their meanings. 10 uw 12 complicated (para 1) breed (para 1) significant (para 2) struggle (para 2) respond (para 3) object (para 4) furiously (para 4) rewarding (para 7) motivation (para 7) convince (para 8) approach (extract B) undesirable (extract D) in an angry way not wanted not simple or easy react; behave a reason for doing something particular type of animal important method twist and move violently giving something nice because of good behaviour, hard work ete disagree; oppose persuade UW 15 Leesone to Leam (728)Circle the correct words. 1 [really need some piece / peace and quiet so that I can study. 2 My careers teacher suggested / advised me to do a computer course to improve my chances of finding a job, 3 David works at a big circus, training / teaching the lions. 4 Susan didn't study; she passed the test by mistake / chance. 5 The university lecturer refused / denied to speak to the reporter about the recent scandal. 6 Unfortunately, the lady I asked about the training courses was very helpless / unhelpful. 7 When will the exam results / marks be out? 8 According to my timetable / programme, we've got maths three times a week. ‘Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. do get into Jearn pass resit revise take teach 1 Marian the university she wanted and will be starting next October. 2 It’smyjob to you all know about first aid. 3° Graham should do very well in his finals; he’s spent long enough for them. 4° Myson a school project on dogs at the moment. 3 Kate will her exams and wait for the results before she decides what to do next. 6 That adult education class was really good. 1 so much more than I expected, 7 T'mnotsure he'll his exams because he found the questions difficult. 8 [failed in English and had to study all summer to the exam in September. Complete the sentences with these prepositions. You need to use some of them more than once. in for from 1 Tanwas rewarded all his hard work by coming top in his end-of-year exams, 2 Lucy is doing a course French at the Adult Education Centre this year. 3. The school children did such a good job of cleaning up the playground that there wasn't a piece of rubbish sight. 4 Most children go to school the age of five. 5 Apart _ being good at maths, he is also good at languages. 6 this way, students learn to be responsible for their own possessions. 7 [don’t want to train dogs, or any other animals, that matter! 8 Help in doing her project arrived the form of a brand new computer. (28) un 5 Loseone to LearnLook at these examples from the article. 1... small breed which may be difficult to control: .. 2... never scold it unnecessarily during training as it might not have understood 3... I'm sure dogs must feel pain when they are pulled. 4... this particular dog can’t have been trained properly .. Which of the words in bold talk about possibility? and certainty? and Which of the examples talk about present/future time? and past time? and Look at examples 1 and 3. Which form of the verb follows may and must? Look at examples 2 and 4. Which form of the verb follows might have and can’t have? Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 15 on page 188 before you do the tasks. [F} Complete the following sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct form. 1 Itmay (be) difficult to get used to living on your own when you go to university 2 Itean't (be) the vocabulary which caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words 3° John might (pass) his test if he’s lucky! Can't you find your books? You must (leave) them in the library yesterday. 5 The girl may (not understand) the instructions and that was why she found the test difficult 6 Your dad must (know) how badly you are doing at school. 7 MrBlack can’t (be) the one who is going on the trip. He’s doing a seminar that week. 8 You might (not find) the training programme easy at first, but you'll soon get, used to it, UNIT 15 Lessons to Learn (12 "GB Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the given word and write between two and five words. abroad is a very rewarding experience. must 1 I'm sure that stud Studying abroad a very rewarding experience. 2 Tean’t believe he got such a high score in his test without cheating, must He in his test to have got such a high score. 3 It must have been hard to teach yourself a foreign language. easy It to teach yourself a foreign language. 4 Perhaps the shop sold all those new dictionaries. sold The shop all those new dictionaries. 5 She's thinking of doing an evening class in dressmaking. do She says she an evening class in dressmaking. nk that becoming a teacher is the best thing for Marion, be a teacher the best thing for Marion. 7 She probably decided to continue her education at another university. might She to continue her education at another university 8 Everyone knows the answer to this question! know You the answer to this question! 9 [don’t believe he revised for his exam so quickly. have He for his exam so quickly, 10 It’s possible that she got advice from his tutor. might She from her tutor. You will hear five dialogues about education. Choose from the list (2-f) t in each dialogue is. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use. fentify who the main speaker Suid sath 1 s ft sandy, @ aprimaryschool teacher {Dialogue 1 b asummer camp leader Dialogue 2 © aschool principal @ auniversity student es € auniversity lecturer Dialogue 4 f ahigh school teacher Dialogue 5 (128) unit 15 Lessons to Learn@_ Work with a partner. imagine that you are helping to design a brochure to advertise a new language school. Here are some pictures that you could include in the brochure. Discuss them and put them in order according to which would be most useful. Use the hints and the expressions in the box to help you. Tis task often involves making choices, problem-solving oF prostising. ‘ry to discuss all possbillies before making a final decision. 1 think that this picture is quite .. Wouldn't you agree? Well, I'm not too keen on that one. Tthink it’s a don’t actually like this one much, I don’t think it shows how... Yes, I suppose you're right. How about using ..., but leaving ... out’? UNIT 15 Lessons to Learn (In this unit, you are going to learn to write a story which begins with given words. Practise the modal verbs taught in this unit and those taught in Unit 5. Read the question. Then circle the correct verb forms. Your local newspaper wants people to send in short stories. The stories must begin with the following words: One day, my brother, John, was walking home when he found some money on the pavement. One day, my brother, John, was walking home when he found some money on the pavement. Because it wasn’t a lot, John decided that he (1) mustn't / didn’t have to tell anybody about the money. He decided he (2) could / can keep it. He (3) was able to / had to buy himself some sweets and magazines. I didn't agree with what John did. I told him somebody (4) might lose / must have lost that money and that they (5) might / have to have needed it for something. I explained that he (6) needn't / mustn't do things like that in the future. Not long afterwards, I was with John in the library. As we were leaving, John discovered he'd lost his wallet. I thought he (7) can't / may have left it on the desk, but we looked and (8) mustn't / couldn't find it anywhere. It (9) can’t / needn't have gone far, but we didn’t know what had happened to it. John was upset and thought somebody (10) needed to find / must have found his wallet and kept it I reminded him about what he'd done not long before. Luckily, the person who found John’s wallet was honest. Even though he (11) couldn't / didn’t need to, he'd handed it in to the librarian. She phoned John the next day and he went and collected his wallet. Now John understands why we all (12) have to / can be honest! Now write your story which must begin with the given words. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) See Paragraph 1 with the given words. Set the scene for your story, Make it interesting, so the reader will want to continue reading. Paragraphs 2 and 3 Develop your story, using a variety of tenses. Paragraph 4 Say what happened in the end UNIT 15 Lessons to Learn PE eee eeIn the Name of Progress Learning Link In this unit you will learn * words and phrases to help you talk about new technology. * to exchange and express opinions about technology. * to write an informal e-mail apologising to a friend. * to use the causative. Discuss these questions with a partne Think of three advantages of using the Internet to find information, and three advantages of using an encyclopedia, How are computers used nowadays? What other uses do you think scientists might find for computers? Do you think sending e-mails and text messages is better than writing letters or making phone calls? Why/Why not? UNIT 161n the Name of Progress (13!)GB Read the reviews of different websites quickly and find out which one is the writer’s favourite. What's What on the Web A. alwayslookfab.com Star Rating HOR) If you enjoy having your hair cut or styled, having your face made up or simply trying out a new look, this is the site for you. At alwayslooktab.com beauty experts give advice online on how to look your best and make the best of your looks. You get valuable tips and hints delivered to your computer screen, and it's all for free. There are no registration fees, no hidden extras. It's a well-designed website which is packed full of useful suggestions. Its well worth a visit B_bestrevision.com Star Rating OOH At last, a website where you will get exactly the information you need. This is a comprehensive and carefully thought out site and, if you feed in your details (age, school year, subjects, etc), bestrevision.com will have revision notes prepared for you and sent to you in an e-mail There's also the opportunity for students to have their individual questions answered by a panel of teachers. This site is attractive to look at and easy to navigate. The only drawback is that the search results are quite slow. © _maparoute.com Star Rating | Going somewhere? Have your route planned and your map printed and ready to use in a matter of minutes. Log in to maparoute.com, feed in all your journey details and in less than a minute you'll get your map. maparoute.com offers you different types of journeys ~ the quickest route, the most scenic and so on. And they make useful suggestions about where to stop along the way for food and driving breaks. The maparoute.com maps are colourful, easy to follow and free. D_infotheft.com Star Rating GOGO) | ‘A worthwhile site for anybody who's had their car stolen or their house burgled. There are plenty ot ideas ‘on how to protect your property and you can buy whatever you need online. infotheft.com guarantees you'll have your order delivered to your door within 48 hours. Follow the advice available on this site and you might never get anything stolen again. E enjoyfoodstuffs.com Star Rating GOGO DOO. }) Absolutely the number one website for everything connected with food. People thinking of having a | dinner party can have menus planned or, even better, find out where to get the food cooked by someone else, The site comes up with some unusual meal ideas and plenty of exciting, easy-to-follow recipes. At | enjoyfoodstufis.com you can also buy speciality foods such as Chinese herbs, Indian spices and so on. The owners of this website, one of the most colourful and interesting on the Internet, must have had the site designed by some talented information technology experts because it's one of the best websites you're ever likely to visit (192= outerspacefacts.com Star Rating () This website sounds great. It uses up-to-date computer technology and it's full of interesting facts and figures about space and the solar system. There are excellent graphics showing what life on all the planets might be like The FAQs section (that’s Frequently Asked Questions) is lively and informative. BUT - the site isn’t well planned. Finding information is difficult and time-consuming as links are extremely slow. People surfing the Internet have to spend such a long time getting to the really good paris of the site that it hardly seems worth the effort. Overall, outerspacefacts.com is a big disappointment. G staywell.com + Pee Star Rating @)G0)G0)%) ‘A well-organised site with a tertfic team avaliable to give you quick professional advice on all health | issues. You can have your questions answered and your problems solved by Dr William Muston and his team of physicians. All queries are replied to within 24 hours. The site doesn't guarantee that you can get your illness diagnosed online, but the panel will always tell you when to see a doctor urgently. This is also a brillant site for advice on giving up smoking, eating healthily to stay in shape, losing weight or dealing with some psychological problems. [J _ Read the reviews again and answer the questions. Choose from paragraphs A-G. C “Which website(s): j promises you'll receive your order in under two days? {n't as good as people might expect? is useful for travellers? Oded don’t bri jormation to your computer screen quickly enough? have been well designed? sell something? give advice from experts? BAeaS q_ Gq) aq) could help to improve your appearance? UNIT 46 In the Name of Progress (133)(D) Find the words in the reviews and then circle the correct meaning according to the context in which they have been used. 1 experts (review A) a people with special knowledge b people who are learning 2 comprehensive (review B) a limited b complete 3. revision notes (review B) a things you read and study to prepare for exams b things you read and study to follow a course 4 navigate (review B) a find your way around b lose your way 5 route (review C) a means of transport way from one place to another 6 worthwhile (review D) a sympathetic; fun b interesting; useful 7 recipes (review E) a instructions to make food b places to buy food 8 up-to-date (review F) athe latest D the last 9 overall (review F) a in general b in particular 10 queries (review G) a letters b questions © Circle the correct words. 1 A lot of the machines that make our lives easier were discovered / invented in the 20th century. This hi-tech equipment is very valuable / worthy, so please be careful when using it. Students will ry out simple science experiments J examinations during their chemistry course A lot of companies spend a fortune on investigation / research 1 come up with new products. Information / Details of all company employees are kept on computer. aneon The invention / discovery of electricity has made an enormous difference to our everyday lives, GB Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. carryout design diagnose follow putin plan solve tryout 1 Peter's website i by a very talented computer programmer last year. 2 Allresearch which is __ here is funded by the government, 3 You can contact doctors by e-mail, but they probably won't be able to ore your illness without seeing you. 4° Tcan’'t wait to the new computer software. 5. We're having a brand new computer system fH next Thursday. 6 The only way to ‘our problem is to invest in new technology. 7 Ifyou my advice, you wouldn't have got that virus on your computer. 8 My car has a computer that can the best route from one place to another. 734) UNIT 16 in the Name of Progress5} Label the picture with the words below. cable keyboard memory stick monitor mouse mouse pad printer scanner A A Look at this example from review E. People ... can have menus planned Does the phrase in bold mean that people plan their own menus or that they arrange for somebody else to plan them? Look at this example from review E. People... can... find out where to get the food cooked ... Does the phrase in bold mean that somebody can arrange for something to be done? Look at review A and underline other examples of the causative. Look at this example from review C. .. for anybody who's had their car stolen This is also an example of the causative form, Is the action in this example pleasant or unpleasant? Did the person want the action done? Look at review D and underline other examples of the causative. ‘We use the causative to talk about things which are done for us by another person. It can also be used to talk about an ___ experience that happens to somebody. We use the verbs Sree anda participle. Study the Grammar Reference for Unit 16 on page 188 before you do the tasks, UNIT 16 In the Name of Progress (135)Match the sentences to their responses. 1 Your computer needs upgrading. a Yes, [had it serviced last week. 2 That's a really good picture on your TV. 1b Why don’t you get it fixed? 3° Poor Bill! He looks really upset. ¢ I know. P'l have it done soon, 4 My printer is broken. No, [had it done last week, 5 Did you install that new program’ € He had his mobile phone stolen last week GB Complete the second sentence using the causative so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, Use the given word and write between two and five words. 1A technician is mending David’s computer tomorrow. having David tomorrow. 2 My Internet connection was set up last week. had I up last week. 3 Someone burgled Martin’s house last year. his Martin last year. 4 I'm thinking of asking John to install this computer program for me. getting I'm thinking of by John § Mary's decided that she wants a burglar alarm. put Mary's decided to in, 6 science laboratory has been built for the school. had ‘The schoo! has for them. 7 The gardener is digging the garden up tomorrow. having I'm by the gardener tomorrow. 8 Becky's car will be repaired next week. have Becky next week 9 Tom's office was repainted last week. got Tom last week. 10 Does the hairdresser do your hair once a week? done Do you once a week by the hairdresser? LL Has the pizza been delivered already? had Have you 7 already? 12 She wants a famous artist to paint her portrait. have She wants to 7 by a famous artist, (736) untT 161m the Name of Progresejstening Link «Gz You will hear three people tall the correct answer, a, b or c. 19 about a scientific process called cloning. For questions 1-8, choose 1 What has the government done? 5. Scott believes that scientists don't care a approved a law against cloning ‘a about ethical research methods. b researched some aspects of cloning b what politicians think. ¢ designed a new law for cloning, € about becoming famous. 2. Scott thinks that cloning human beings is 6 Who thinks that the research isn't good a stupid, use of money? bright a Kate © wrong. b Scott 3 Danny doesn’t agree with e Danny a human cloning. 7 Danny says that b preventing research from happening. a cloning human beings is just as horrific € either Kate or Scott asit sounds. b there are definitely things we must learn 4 According to Kate, a the research into cloning is irresponsible, we'll never cure diseases through cloning. about cloning, ¢ when people are open-minded, it encourages scientific progress. ¢ politicians sometimes aren't well informed. 8 Which opinion is expressed near the end of the discussion? a Society has to experiment with human lives in order to change things. b_ Society will regret the decision to ban human cloning in the future. ¢ Society will have to focus on different subjects in the future. [Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. * In what ways have our lives been made better because of technology? Are there any problems which have come about because of technological advances? + Over the last hundred years, transport has changed enormously. Do you think faster means bettei Why/Why not? + Some people really dislike the Internet, Why do you think they might feel this way? + Do you think computers could ever replace teachers? UNIT 16 In the Name of ProgressIn this unit, you are going to learn to write an e-mail apologising to a friend. Read the question. Then read the letter and circle the word in each line of the letter that should not be there, Imagine your friend has lent you something for the summer while he/she is away. Unfortunately, you have damaged it. Write a letter to your friend explaining what has happened and apologising. e0e i some a a ps | | Hitlary, T hope you are to having a great time on holiday. T’ve have been meaning to write to you for days, but you know how lazy Lam at sometimes! Anyway, I'm afraid 've got some bad news to tell 10 you. I'm sorry to say there is and a problem with your phone. Ie was working perfectly well for the first week but since ever last Saturday, it hasn't be worked at all. | think I might have done pushed the wrong buttons and accidentally locked it. eer aneune Tm am really sorry about this, Harry. It was so good of you 10. to lend me with the phone in the first place, and now I might have 11 broken it. I feel such terrible. 12. Shall I take the phone to a shop and have to it looked at before 13 you come home? Maybe the man in the shop will be know what 14 todo. If not, I think I should have buy you a new phone. 1 15 Write and tell me what you could want me to do. Sony once again. See you soon, Simon Ca) Now write your e-mail apologising to a friend. Use the outline to help you. (160-180 words) Greeting Hi (Harry), Paragraph 1 Start by asking your friend how he/she is and what he/she has been doing Paragraph 2 Say why you are writing to apologise. Explain what happened. Closing paragraph Make any suggestions you might have about what to do. Signing off Bye for now,/See you soon, (Simon) CPUS Look back at the Learning Link and talk about what you have learnt.for questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, ¢, or d. T'm sorry, I didn’t hear what you said. Iwasn't paying much attention letting off steam ¢ losing my temper d_ making an effort Lhave to, a respond b- reward revise d take ‘The ___ for the cake was very easy to follow and the cake was great. a route D_ experiment © option recipe Vicky the food on her plate. a worked out b putoff ¢ held onto picked at I don't want to cook, Let's get a a flavour b takeaway © course di starter for my exam tonight. Lam going to the doctor's a pharmacy b surgery © treatment disorder 1 them talking about John, and it really was horrible. a ordered b overheard © convinced objected Itis to know that a nutritionist can help you eat properly. a complicated b ill © comprehensive reassuring for a check-up. View 6 Vocabulary 10 u 2 1B 14 15 16 Mary got _ when Pete told her she was | too fat a. significant b_ bruised ¢ offended d_ undesirable Our teacher a denied b refused ¢ suggested advised to admit he was wrong, Mr Brown shouted cheating in the exam. a successfully b- furiously particularly approximately ata boy he caught Dogs rei a breed b- approach ; motivation | survey 1 positively to _ It took them hours to a. solve b navigate © contain | a struggle the problem. We should all try to cat a balanced __ a diet b source © menu cooking, | “The company keeps all the employees | personal on record. a details | b queries ¢ investigations | d- disasters Our beauty years younger. nutritionists interviewees | experts physicians ‘will make you look and feel aooe REVIEW 4 Units 13-16 (139Review 6 Grammar For questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d. 1 Whyis ___ fast food poputar with young people? aa b the © an ae 2 1____ drama at university, but I'm not sure yet. a can't study b_ must study © might study d canstudy 3° Ifshe to lose weight, she would do more exercise and eat more healthily. a_ had wanted b wanted © wants d_ has been wanting 4° Ifthe to the doctor's, he wouldn't have found out about the problem, goes: had gone went hadn't gone 5 that you cat healthily, you will lose weight. Even if As long as Provided Incase aeoe aeoe 6 of the restaurant heard the waiters arguing. The whole Either Both Neither 7 Don't order fast food a provided b_aslongas © even d_ incase 8 Wecan buy it online today or go to the shops tomorrow. a both b neither © or dither aege it makes you feel ill. (140) REVIEW 4 Units 13-16 9 10 u R B 14 16 ‘The dog can't a have eaten b has eaten © ate deat Dad ___ to help you with your homework. a maybe b_ may have been able © might be d_ must be all the sausages by himself) It’s 12 o'clock. We must awalk. a take b_ have taken © took d totake the dogs for Ifthe temperature _ turns to ice. a drops b dropped will drop 4 isdropping John _ a had b has had ¢ ishaving had been having Thad my teeth examining, examined examine have examined below freezing, water his computer fixed tomorrow. last week, aoge my tests done by then, will have had will be having had already had had been having aese Stan is going to have a website for his new company. make making made is made acoUnit @ Relationships Learning Link | In this unit you will learn ‘* words and phrases to help you talk about people and relationships. ‘to ask and answer questions about friends and family. to write an essay about advantages and disadvantages. * to talk about wishes and use it's high time, had better and would rather. {LY Match the words to make compound nouns. 1 gang a. officer 2 social b penalty 3° youth © service 4 police ad worker 3 community counsellor 6 death {member (E} Complete the sentences with the compound nouns from Task A. ae ee Ee Ee re _____ make sure the laws of a country are obeyed. | 2 are influenced by their peers. 3 provide for people in need. | 4° Isthe _____ aviolation of human rights? 5 give young people advice. | 6 He didn’t go to prison for his crime, but he did Eee UNIT 17 Relationships (141Reading Link Read the a le quickly and find out what a ‘beat in’ is, st statistics provided by the National Youth F Gang Center reveal that there are over 25,000 gangs in the US, with a total membership of over 600,000. It has been suggested that these figures may be conservative estimates, and that there may actually be as many as 950,000 gang members in the United States. According 10 the police, a street gang is a structured group of individuals, usually between the ages of eleven, and twenty-five, who generally operate under some form of leadership while claiming a territory or turf. | Gang members wear distinctive clothing, use special ‘ smes and symbols, and commit organised and E mt Beis: criminal acis within the community ‘Most experts agree that there are numerous reasons for teenagers becoming gang members. The popularity of gangs is partly due to films and music which have glamorised gang culture, but this is by no means the son. Many members join a gang because they not to or because of peer pressure, which f es them greatly. However, the decision to join is not made lightly. In order to prove one's 1, a potential gang member endures a ‘beat in’. ing the ‘beat in’ the members punch, kick or even club the new member. Some parents, either through ignorance or denial, don’t find out their son or daughter is in a gang until they get a phone call from a_police department, hospital or even a morgue. Gang member Taj’s_ mother, ‘Anna, explains how she discovered her only daughter was amember of oneof the biggest gangs (442) unit 17 Relationships in LA. ‘A police officer phoned at three in the morning to tell me that Taj was being held as she had been involved in a drive-by shooting. I couldn’t believe it! I had no idea Taj was in a gang. I now realise that I should have paid more attention to what was going on at the time, I wish I had insisted on meeting her new friends, and, I should have asked her where she was finding the money to buy alll those new clothes. Now it’s too late; she's growing up in prison and her life is ruined. Other parents realise there's a problem, but don’t know what to do. Mrs Jakes, mother of gang member Joe, says: ‘In the past two years, my son has gone through. a complete personality change. I know he is involved in illegal and criminal activities for his gang and I wish I knew what to do or where to go. I have tried time and time again to talk to him, but he is determined to destroy his life. I wish someone would help me save my son, Getting out of a gang can be even more dangerous, Many street gangs reditite the person wanting to leave the gang to endure a "beat out. This beating is often more severe than the beating taken to become a gang member. CK, a gang member for five years, knows it’s high time he got out. ‘I look at the way I live, and realise all the things I've done. I've had enough of this life of violence. I can’t sleep at night, you know? Whenever I close my eyes, I see the faces of the people T've hurt. I had better move on. I'd rather be back at school, or maybe | could get a job. But I know there'll be a ‘beat out’ I'l just have to deal with it, I guess’ Social workers emphasise that the most important thing for young people to understand is that becoming a gang member is a lifetime commitment to crime. They stress that schools and parents must teach young people that being a gang member does not gain respect from your peers and that dying is not romantic.[BJ Read the article again and answer the questions 1 How many gang members is it possible that there are in the USA? 2. How old do gang members tend to be? 3° What are two of the reasons why young people join gangs? 4 How do some parents find out that their children are involved in gang 5 Why does Taj’s mother regret not asking her daughter some serious questions? 6 Why is it dangerous when people want to get out of a gang? 7 What does CK want to do in the near future? 8 What do young people need to learn from their parents and schools? Vocabulary Link [3}_ Find words in the article which have the following meanings. 1 the total number of people belonging to a club, society, etc (para 1) 2 work (para 2) 3. easily recognised (para 2) 4 not planned; done because you suddenly want to (para 2) 5 anumber of (para 3) iz 6 person the same age or status as yourself (para 3) 7 goes through; suffers (para 3) 8 hit with your fist (para 3) 9 lack of knowledge (para 4) 10 refusal to believe something (para 4) 11 demanded that something happens (para 4) 12 character (para 5) UNIT 17 Relationships (148)Gl Read the paragraph and complete the family tree. Write the names on the top line in each box. _____ Terry's Family Tree Terry is an only child, His aunt is called Kay and her husband is John. Terry's grandmother, Helen, has two children: Kay and David. Sarah, who is married to David, and Kay are sisters- in-law. Terry also has a cousin called George. George has a brother-in-law called Ben and a grandfather called Ken. Terry also has twin cousins called Nancy and Paula, Paula's nephew is called Charlie and her niece is called Olivia, —— =maried to DD = female = male (G}_ Now imagine you are Nancy. What relation is everyone to you? Write their relationship on the second line in each box. aunt brother cousin daughter father grandfather grandmother husband mother sister son uncle 144) UNIT 17 Relationships»k at these examples from the article. wish I had insisted on meeting her new friends, . «. [wish I knew what to do .. Twish someone would help me save my son. ich example(s): refer to the present or the future? EEE eee refers to the past? ‘expresses dissatisfaction with another person’s behaviour? his followed by a past perfect tense when we talk about the and by a past tense when alk about the or the . When we talk about other people's, aviour we don't like, we use wish with __and the infinitive without to. er tc ce ok at these examples from the article. CK, .. knows it’s high time he got out. Thad better move on. I'd rather be back at school, .. Do the above examples refer to the present or the pas \ich of the phrases in bold: expresses a preference? says what is advisable? expresses that something should happen as soon as possible? ich form of the verb do we use after phrases like it’s high time? ich form of the verb do we use after had better and ’d rather? idy the Grammar Reference for Unit 17 on page 188-189 before you do the tasks. plete the letter with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Dear Sally, T thought it was high time 1 (1) (write) to you as it seems like ages since I've done so. Thave not been very happy lately as 1 fell out with my cousin, Julie, last week. really wish we (2) a (not argue). It was all my fault. Now she won't speak to me. I wish she (3) __ (let) me explain that I'm sorry. Twas going to wait for her to phone me but I think I'd rather (4) (ring) her frst Tknow I'd feel betier if I could make up with Julie. Perhaps I'd better (5) (go) and see her at the weekend and apologise. Well, that's about all for now, but I promise to write again and tell you how it went with Julie. Love, Anna UNIT 17 Relationships (145) re{EB Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the given word and write between two and five words. 1 The young man was sorry he gave in to peer pressure. wishes | The young man Hy in to peer pressure. 2 You really should send those party invitations. time Its those party invitations. 3 The boy said he wished he was not a member of the gang. would The boy said he ‘a member of the gang. 4 Twould like my dad to be a famous film star. wish 1 a famous film star. 5 I don’t want you to argue with your sister again. rather I argue with your sister again. Listening Link a@= Ins. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer, 1 Aman and awoman are talking. The woman says she has a similar personality to her father. b_ looks like her mother ¢ physically resembles her father. 2 Two friends are talking about a couple. What did the couple recently decide to do? a get married b_ break off their engagement © get divorced 3 Listen to this conversation. The girl thinks the boy is a insensitive. b jealous. © untrustworthy. 4 Listen to this conversation. Who are the girls talking about? a teachers b_ babysitters © parents 5 Two people are writing an advertisement to place in a newspaper. Which section will it be in? a jobs available b jobs wanted ¢ flatmate wanted 6 Two friends are shopping, The woman is annoyed because the man is a impatient. b_ indecisive. © dishonest. 7 Listen to this conversation, Why is the woman tired? a Her neighbours upstairs were shouting all night. b_ The dog across the road was barking all night, € The people next door were having a noisy party. 8 A mother is talking about her son. How does she feel? a. She's proud of him. b- She's angry with him. She's worried about (146) UNIT 17 RelationshipsSpeaking Link Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. Student A Would you describe yourself as an outgoing person? Why/Why not? What other words would you use to describe yourself? Do your family members live near one another? Do you see each other regularly, or just on family occasions? Student B You can choose your friends but you can't choose your family. What is your reaction to this statement? Do you like to have friends who are similar or different to you? Do you think having a good sense of humour is important? What qualities do you think a parent should have? ur 17 astasarisnnse (ia7)Writing Link aes a Furthermore In this unit, you are going to learn to write an essay about (b Ho ee advantages and disadvantages. apes 7 © On the whole Read the question and complete the essay with a word or ite, phrase from the box. In spi Your teacher has asked you to write an essay discussing the For i advantages and disadvantages of young people living on their own. ‘These days more and more young people are choosing to leave home and live on their own. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this trend, @_), it’s great for young people to be independent. having their own flat or house means they can come and go as they please. @{__), young people can invite their friends round whenever they feel like it. EL_), the biggest disadvantage is the lack of support. @[__) the fact that they fee! grown up, young people might find it difficult to cook and clean for themselves on a daily basis. @__) to this, some young people miss the company of living with their parents, brothers and sisters. @ this isn’t always the case. Family members can be annoying sometimes, especially if they're always asking questions like ‘Where are you going?’ or ‘What time will you be home?” €_). I think it’s a good thing for young people to live on their own as long as they take the responsibility seriously, GD Now write an essay. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) Sin Paragraph 1 Say what you're writing about and, if possible, make a general statement about the subject. Paragraph 2 Give one side of your argument — either the advantages or the disadvantages. Paragraph 3 Give the other side of your argument, Paragraph 4 Sum up by saying what your overall opinion is (148) UNIT 17 Relationships ee eTUnit (18) Whodunnit? ay Learning Link In this unit you will learn words and phrases to help you talk about crime. ‘to compare and contrast photographs and to give your opinion, «to write an essay on a set text. +10 talk about the past, the present and the future, Match the fictional crime fighters to their names. Sherlock Holmes Hercule Poirot Inspector Jacques Clouseau (_) Batman co) J Zorro iC) , James Bond a er What qualities do you think are necessary in a detective? Do you think you could ever become a successful crime fighter? UNIT 18 Whodunnit? (149)Reading Link You are going to read an extract from a novel featuring Sherlock Holmes called The Valley of Fear. A crime has been committed and people are being questioned. Read the extract quickly and say which crime has been committed Mrs Douglas thought carefully before she answered. was the tame - Bodymaster McGinty. After he had “Yes, she said at last, ‘Thave always felt that he was | recovered, Tasked him who Bodymaster McGinty was in some kind of danger. He refused to discuss it with and whose body he was master of. ‘Never of mine, me — he did not want me to become concerned. He thank goodness!” he answered with a laugh, ‘That was thought I would become anxious if knew about it and all he told me but there was a connection between so he remained stent. Bodymaster McGinty and the Valley of Fear.” “How did you know, then? “There is one other point; said Inspector McDonald, Mrs Douglas’ face lit up as she smiled “You met Mr Douglas in London and got engaged “Can a husband ever keep a secret from a wife who to him there, did you nor? Was there any romance, truly loves him? I knew about the danger because anything secret or mysterious about the wedding?” of his refusal to talk about everything that had | “There was romance. There islways romance. There happened to him in America. 1 knew about it because ‘was nothing mysterious.” of certain precautions he took and because he never “Arid he had no rival? trusted strangers. I knew about it from some things F$2 ‘No, Iwas fr he said by mistake. I was certain that he had some “You have heard, no doubt, that his wedding ring powerful enemies, that he believed they were going to has been taken, Does that suggest anything to you? come after him, and that he was always on his guard Suppose that some enemy from his old life had against them, tracked him down and committed the crime, what “May Task, said Holmes, which words attracted your possible reason could he have had for taking the attention?” ‘wedding ring?” “The Valley of Fear, the lady answered. “That was an “Treally cannot tell” she answered. “It is certainly a expression he used when I questioned him. ‘I have ‘most extraordinary thing been in the Valley of Fear. Iam not out of ityet.’ ‘Will “Well, we will not detain you any longer and we are We ever get out of the Valley of Fear?” I used to ask Sorty to have put you to this trouble at such a time,’ him when he was more serious than usual. ‘Sometimes said the inspector. T think we never shall’ he would reply. She stood up and glanced at us, trying to get an idea of ‘Surely, you asked him what he meant by the Valley how we had reacted to her evidence. Then, with abow, of Fear? she Teft the room, “I did, but he would become pale and just shake his Holmes, who had been sitting with his head in hishands head. ‘It is bad enough that one of us has been in in deepest thought, stood up and rang the bel. its shadow,’ he said. Tam certain, though he did not [= “Ames,” he said when the butler entered, what is Mr tell me directly, that it was a real valley in which he Cecil Barker doing now?” hhad lived and in which something really terrible had ‘Til see, sir’ happened, but I can tell you no more. ‘He eame back in a moment to say that Mr Barker was ‘And did he mention any names?” in the garden. ‘Yes, He wasdeliriouswithfeverafteraluntingacsident “Can you remember, Ames, what Mr Barker had on his three years ago. remember that he kept on repeating fect lastnight when you joined him in the study?” ‘name. He spoke it with anger and horror. Met ‘Yes, Mr Holmes. He was wearing a pair of slippers. 1 brought him his boots when he went forthe police. ‘Where are the slippers now “They are stil under the chair in the hal” Very good, Ames. It is, of course, important for us to know whieh tracks are Mr Barker's and which are from outside.” "Yes, sir. I noticed that the slippers were stained with blood and so, indeed, were my own.”[i Read the extract again and choose the best answer 2, b,c or d for each question. 1 Why didn’t Mr Douglas talk to his wife about the danger he was in? a He wasn’t confident enough. 1b He wanted everyone to remain silent. He didn’t want his wife to worry. d_ He wasn't sure about the danger he faced. 2. Mrs Douglas knew her husband had a secret because a he was often suspicious of people he didn't know. he had hired bodyguards to protect him. he had once spent time living in America. she had found threatening letters from his enemies. 3. What did Mr Douglas say about the Valley of Fear? a He was unsure whether he would ever escape from it, b_ It was somewhere he had once lived. ¢ It caused him to shake with fear whenever he mentioned it d_ [twas where something horrible had happened. eer 4 Mr Douglas kept on saying the name ‘McGinty, ‘a because he was angry with him about the accident. b_ when he talked about the Valley of Fear. ¢ ata time when he was ill, d_ when he made a joke about being a master of bodies. Vocabulary Link 5 According to Mrs Douglas, Bodymaster McGinty had something to do with. a Mr Douglas. b Holmes. cher. the Valley of Fear. ‘What did Mrs Douglas mean when she said: ‘No, I was free.’ (line 52) a Nobody told her what to do. b There was no other man in her life. ¢ She was no longer in prison. d_ She didn’t have any secrets to hide. What did Mrs Douglas say about the missing wedding ring? ‘a One of Mr Douglas's enemies probably 100k it b- She wasn’t able to give an explanation. ¢ A thief must have murdered her husband to get it. d_ She can’t remember exactly what it looked like. (| Match the words from the extract to their meanings, The words are in the same order as they xtract. <> remained appear in the precautions on his guard got engaged rival extraordinary glanced slippers eas hee ee ae anes soft ‘shoes’ worn indoors unusual promised to marry stayed looking out for; ready for competitor safety measures i looked quickly unit sawnoduneit? (151)(Circle the correct words. ‘The old lady was sadly stolen / robbed of her life savings. ‘The gang member was arrested for / with different criminal activities. The woman on trial had committed / done three different crimes. Joseph was given a fine / find because he had parked his car illegally. Lee had committed fourteen bank burglaries / robberies before he was finally caught. Tve been accused for / of theft, but I’m innocent. There was only one eye / first witness who claimed she'd seen everything, eae He was sentenced to three years in jail by the lawyer /judge @ watch the phrasal verbs to their meanings. ies <> 1 break into a escape from 2 come after b investigate 3° get out of © make tired 4 look into say ‘no’ to something 3 turn down € enter a building with force 6 wear out f find someone in order to harm them GG] _ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from task G. 1 Someone my house last week and stole my jewellery, 2 I've always been interested in the law, so when a friend offered to take me to see a court case, Tcouldn’t her 3° The prisoners Jail by digging a tunnel under the wall. 4 Chasing the thief through the streets the policeman 51 you!” threatened the criminal 6 Are the police the theft of two paintings from the local art gallery? (952) uN 18 wnodunnit2r Grammar Link Look at these examples from the extract. 1 Thave always felt that 2... a wife who truly loves him. 3 After he had recovered, I asked hint 4 You met Mr Douglas in London and got engaged to him... 5 Holmes, who had been sitting ... 6... what is Mr Cecil Barker doing now? 7 Til see, sir. 8 He was wearing a pair of slippers. Find the full sentences in the novel extract form and underline them. Which example talks about: ‘two actions happening one after the other in the past? something happening at the moment of speaking? an action that was completed before another action in the past? something which started in the past and continues to the present? ‘continuous activity which took place before another action in the past? something being described at a particular moment in the past? ‘a decision to do something made at the time of speaking? a general truth? Roe eacse Study the Grammar Reference for Units 1-3 on pages 175-178 before you do the tasks. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. More than one answer may be possible. A Terrible Mistake 10) (have) a Jong hard time in this horrible prison and, believe me, 1) (look forward to) being free agai When the robbery (3) (happen) ten years ago, I knew then it was a mistake. We @) (dream) of becoming rich for months and then the big day arrived. As we drove along the road, we (5) (talk) about how we would spend all the money. The gang leader said, I (6) (buy) a new car for myself and then I M (have) a holiday on a tropical island’. John, another member of the gang, said (8) (decide) to buy a yacht and sail around the world with my money.” “My wife (9) (want) me to take her to Disneyland, said another and everyone started laughing, ‘Oh yes!” said Tom, our leader, You (10) ____ (have) a great time there!” ‘As we neared the bank, I became more nervous and realised that I was making a terrible mistake. UNIT 18 Whodunnit? (153)Batch the beginnings of the sentences to their endings. The police are going to set up a he was sentenced to two years in jail ‘The mayor has arranged a meeting b with the chief of police. 1 2 3° Incourt, the criminal said far too much violence. 4 Nowadays, many television programmes contain 4 in jail for ten years. 5 After the burglar was found guilty, € roadblocks all over the city. 6 The murderer has been f that they will soon catch the gang. 7 The police believe & until he became a private detective. 8 James had been working as a policeman h that he hadn't robbed the bank. Listening Link 0 EQ _You will hear part of a television programme called CrimeWatch. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences. Tonight CrimeWatch need help with an (1) ison the corner of (2) __. The National Bank concerned wa a and Station Road. The gunmen went into the bank at 3) The registration number of the van involved was (4) - One of the gang members was called (5) __. The (6) is ____ of the gang was a woman, She had a rose-shaped tattoo on her (7) The public have recently given the police information about (8) Green Street area. (9) een in the _________ homes were burgled in the last few weeks. Fortunately, a lot of the (10) _ has been returned. (454) unit 18 wnocunnie?_ speaking Link | Work with a partner. One of you should look at photos A and B and the other at C and D. Compare and contrast them and say how you think the people responsible should be punished. Then discuss the questions below. Don't worry if you can't remember a word, or if you don't know what an object is called. Say something like: Actually I don't know what this is called’ or im sorry, but I've forgotten the word for this thing’ You could explain what the item is used for or where it would be found, instead. A In your opinion, which of the crimes is the most serious? Should any of them not be treated as crimes? unit 1awnodunnit? (188)Writing Link In this unit, you are going to learn to write an essay about one aspect of a set text. {Qi} Read the question and complete the essay with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Think of a book you have read recently. Decide which character in the book you would most like to be, and why. Write about the character and give your reasons for wanting to be himiher. 1a) (love) all crime mysteries, but Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie is one of my favourite books. If | (2) (have to) choose one character to be, I would choose Hercule Poirot, the Belgian detective. Hercule Poirot is such a clever man, even though he often (3) (give) the impression of being a bit stupid. What I like about him is that he always seems to suddenly cy (come up with) a brilliant idea and you realise that he 6) (think) about the crime all the time and working out what happened. In the book, Poirot investigates the murder of an unpleasant businessman, The man, whose name is Sam Ratchett, (6) (poison) and then stabbed twelve times. Poirot takes charge of the investigation and (7) (question) all the passengers. Of course he (8) (solve) the mystery, ‘The main reason why I would like to be him is because, after he (9) (solve) the crime he does something unexpected. He decides it would be better not to tell the police the truth about what (10) (happen). 1 think that makes him a very unusual detective. Now write an essay. Use the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) HINTS: | you intend to answer this type of question, be sure you know + the story. ‘the characters, * the places. ‘= your opinions and views on all of the above. ‘When you write about the events in a book (or a ea Paragraph 1 Say which character you are going to write about, Paragraph 2 Describe the character. Say what it is you like about the character. Paragraph 3. Refer to something in the story your character does that you like. Paragraph 4 Summarise your opinions about the character. ), remember to use present tenses. 36) Unt 18 whodunnit? Se eeit ® Get the Message Learning Link In this unit you will learn + words and phrases to help you talk about di * to discuss who you should invite to a semin: + to write a letter of complaint. * to give advice using should, ought 10 and shall | photography and the media. § What kind of information is communicated in the following ways? advertisements photographs websites radio programmes newspaper articles television letters UNIT 19 Get the Message (157)Reading Link What is a digital photograph? A digital photograph is a photo, produced with computer techniques, made up of hundreds of thousands or millions of tiny squares of colour. @{__) Ifyoulook at a digital photograph through a magnifying glass you can see the separate dots of colour. The quality of any digital photo depends on the number of pixels per square centi- metre - the more pixels, the better the photo, which is why you should always try to buy the best digital camera you can afford. Why should | ‘go digital’? There are many reasons why people ought to consider changing from ordinary cameras to digital Photography. @__}You don't waste time going to the shops for your films or photos, and you don’t have to spend money on films. There is algo the advantage that digital photography is instant. You can view your pictures immediately ~ allowing you to decide which photos you want to keep and which you don't. 158) UNIT 10 Get the Message GB Mead the article quickly and find five advantages of using a digital camera. Digital Photography No more wondering if you should have taken a photo or not - with digital cameras you can take the picture first anddecide later whether or not you want it. Of course, with digital technology you are able to change your picture so that it looks great anyway - that's another huge plus when it comes to digital cameras. Lastly, and something we all ought to think about, is the fact that digital photography doesn't Use toxic chemicals that often end up in our rivers and lakes. How does it work? You don't need to be a computer wizard to use digital cameras. Put simply, what happens is that the camera produces your picture in digital format - ie, made up of pixels ~so that it can then be ‘read! by your computer. @[_) They can be saved until you want to use them, included in letters you've written on your computer or sent to friends and family in an e-mail Which type of digital camera should | buy? First of all, when you're looking at digital cameras and thinking, ‘Which one shall | buy?, bear in mind that new digital cameras are being developed all the time, so there are lots of strange shapes and sizes.) Secondly, there isthe cost. At the cheaper end of the market, there are the ‘point and shoot’ cametas. These| cameras are fully automatic and anybody just starting digital photography - or just buying ‘a camera for the first time - should begin with one of these: They're so simple that after only a couple of weeks, you should have learnt all you need to know about how. to use the camera. @{__) Some of these are a bit too complicated for everyday use. At the top end of the price scale are professional cameras, and digital video cameras - very expensive and only necessary for the serious photographer. Chechlist If you're buying a digital camera for the first time, you can easily get confused. Therefore, before, spending your money you should think about why you want the ‘camera and what you are planning to use the pictures for. Will you be taking pictures indoors or outside? What kind of pictures do you want to take - landscapes, portraits, Sports shots, etc? GI) All these: questions affect the kind of camera you should choose. When you've ‘thought about all these questions, you should be ready to make your choice ‘jadiiJ There are six sentences missing from the arti! Read through it again and choose from sentences [AG the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use. A. Once your photos are stored on your computer, you can decide what you want to do with them. B You can change these pictures with your digital camera if you follow the instructions. However, the design doesn't make any difference to the camera’s performance and you shouldn't be too influenced by this. D_ The technical name for these squares is picture-clements or pixels. For more money you can buy one of the cameras with lots of megapixels which produce better quality photos by using more pixels, F Do you want to take pictures of things close up or far away? G _Forastart, digital cameras save you both time and money. focabulary Link 3) Find these words and phrases in the article and circle the correct mear 1 produced (para 1) a printed b made 2 techniques (para 1) a methods b machines 3. magnifying glass (para 1) a piece of glass that makes things look bigger b__ piece of glass that makes things look different 4 consider (para 2) a discuss with others b think about carefully 5 instant (para 2) a cheap b immediate 6 plus (para 2) a advantage b disadvantage 7. wizard (para 3) ‘someone who can do magic b someone who can do very clever things 8 bear in mind (para 4) a think about the fact, bask about the fact 9 scale (para 5) a step b range 10 portraits (para 6) a pictures of the countryside b pictures of a person LL shots (para 6) a events b__ photographs 12 influenced (extract C) a worried b affected UNIT 18 Get the Message (159)GB Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 He spends a lot of money on equipment because he always wants to take the best pictures. PHOTOGRAPH 2 This camera adjusts depending on how much light there is. AUTOMATIC 3 Francis works asa photographer for a magazine. PROFESSION Much of the credit for the programme must go to the Who won an award for his efforts. DIRECT 5. Since the of satellite TV, more and more people have access to more and more TV channels. INTRODUCE 6 The of newspaper articles is decided by the editors. LONG Sandra is a freelance reporter, so she has the to decide what she writes about. FREE Our started when we worked together on the same radio show. FRIEND 9 Having practical experience is very when you're looking for a job as a photographer. ADVANTAGE 10 It’s not easy when there’s so much choice, but you have to make a asto which camera you want to buy! DECIDE IL Isita that more megapixels don’t necessarily mean better results when you've printed the photos? FACTUAL 12. She's a beginner, so she really doesn’t need a camera. COMPLICATION Complete the paragraph with these prepositions. You need to use some of them more than once. about for from in on to up Harriet and Tim | Harriet is very interested (1) current affai 80 she spends quite a lot of money (2) newspapers and magazines, She also tries to watch current affairs programmes (3) TV but only when she’s alone. “Why? you might ask. Well, | @) a start, her husband, Tim, never lets her have the remote control. He uses it to change channels all the time. This really annoys Harriet because they end © seeing nothing at all. Secondly, when she insists (6) watching something (7) beginning (8) end, he gets confused ” the programme and asks Harriet lots of questions. She misses what the people say and can’t follow the programme properly. Still, Tim goes to play football two evenings a week, so she stays at home and catches (10) with what's happening in the world | 10) UNIT 19 Get the Messagerammar Link ar Look at these examples from the article 1... people ought to consider changing from ordinary cameras to digital photography. 2 No more wondering if you should have taken a photo or not .. 3 Which one shall I buy? 4... you should think about why you want the camera Which example asks for advice? Which example refers to the past? Which examples give advice in the present or future? and Weuse and___when we want to give advice in the present or future. We use _ when we want to ask for advice. We use and a past participle to criticise our own behaviour or somebody else's. Study the Grammar reference for Unit 19 on page 189 before you do the tasks. J Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use should/ought to, should have or shall. 1 Ifyou are not pleased with your home cinema, you (complain) to the manager. 2 think Naomi (buy) a more powerful lens, as the long distance shots she took with hers are not very clear. 3° There’s Dad! I think we (tell) him now that we forgot to buy his newspaper. 4) We have broken the camera! What on earth (we / do) now? 5 You (not leave) the lens cover off the camera! Now it is scratched! 6 How (L/explain) to my grandmother what happened to her camera? 7 Iprobably (not ask) for this camera for my birthday. It was very expensive when my Dad bought it for me 8 You (get) some advice before you decide what to buy. UNIT 19 Get the Message (161)GB} Write a sentence for each of the situations below. Use the words given to help you. Some of the sentences will need a negative form. should leave magazine outside Oh, no! What shall do now should carry heavy weights ought 10 read article should take photos: here istening Link o@= @B You wit! hear five people talking about the news and the media. Choose from the list (a-f) the sentence which best describes what each speaker says, Use each letter only once. There is one extra letter that you do not need to use. a I disapprove of the way the media reports the news. Sometimes I force myself to watch the news. Speaker 1 ¢ Lam no longer interested in the news. Speaker 2 | dT don’t think the news is suitable for all viewers. Speaker 3 re € Igo online to keep up with the news, Speaker 4 = f _ Istill use the daily paper to find out the news. Speaker 5 & (162) UNIT 19 Get the Messagespeaking Link FJ Work with a partner. Imagine you are helping to organise a seminar for young people called ‘Working in the Media’. You have the opportunity to invite two speakers to talk to the students. Look at the pictures below and decide which two speakers would be most interesting to invite. Give reasons for your answers. In this unit you are going to learn to write Have your digital photographs developed by eee PERFECT PRINTS [@ Read the question. Then read the advertisement and SoS) the notes you have made. dark, some : You sent your holiday ba ot! pictures to be developed by % Cop quality prints a company in London that you had seen advertised. % Fast service prints delivered Unfortunately, there were withinghred working days a number of problems with 1 waited. the service you received. more than %* Discount coupop for every Look carefully at the 2 wks! einer advertisement and your notes. Write a letter to the company complaining and ee Send your digital photos on ed tot saying what you expect ne Perfect Prints thom to do. 2 29.31 King’s Hil London NW3 5Q) UNIT 19 Get the Message (163Match the informal sentences 1 I'm writing to tell you about the a photos you just sent me. b 2 You've made a mess of them. z 3 Tam absolutely furious. a 4 Write back immediately. 5 You'd better do something quickly. wae G) which sentences from Task L are suitable for this kind of letter of complaint? GB Now write a letter of complaint. Use the polite sentences from Task L, the hints and the outline to help you. (160-180 words) oar ae Greeting Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 Closing Paragraph Signing off (164) UNIT 19 Get the Message You must give me my money back. Let me know what you 1 I wish I'd never given you my photos. e t ink. iF h Dear Sir or Madam, Say exactly why you are writing — give all the necessary information, Explain what has happened and why you are not happy. Give more information about the problem — for example, say how you column | to the formal sentences in column Il. Took forward to hearing from you. Lam very disappointed, I would be grateful if you could take some action. I'm writing in connection with the photographs I recently received. They are not acceptable. I'd be grateful for your views on this matter. I now regret sending your company my film. I would like you to arrange a refund for me. know that the camera and the digital photos weren't at fault, Say what you expect the company to do to remedy the situation ~ you might ask for a refund or a credit note. Say you want their views. Say you hope to hear from them very soon. Yours faithfully, (your name) nee eat a) The Performing Arts Learning Link In this unit you will learn # words and phrases to help you talk about the performing arts. * to ask and answer questions about films, plays or concerts you have seen or would like to see. * to write a letter giving information *# to use the gerund and the infinitive. Look at these different kinds of performing arts. Which do you enjoy? Is there a particular kind that you wouldn't like to see? {E}_ Which would you recommend for the following types of people? 1 grandparents who want to take their young grandchildren somewhere 2. parents who have promised their 11-year-old son and one of his friends an outing for his birthday 3 amiddle-aged couple wanting to enjoy an evening out UNIT 20 The Performing Arte (168)Read the article quickly and find out what Tableau Vivant is. Everybody knows that watching plays is not a new idea, Audiences have enjoyed going to the theatre for many centuries. What is perhaps a little more surprising is that the theatre had become a popular form of entertainment even before humans developed language and found a way of communicating with each other using words. ‘How?' you might ask. Well, rather cleverly, primitive people managed to show what they wanted by using what we call ‘mime*— they used signs and gestures to get their message across without actually speaking, B In time, when spoken language had developed and people had begun 10 talk, they no longer needed to use mime to express their thoughts and wishes. But the ancient Greeks, instead of forgetting all about mime, went on to develop it into a form of theatre. They began performing everyday scenes and they tried to teach moral lessons to the people who watched these short plays. In the fifth and fourth centuries BC ‘much longer mimes were performed at the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens. Groups of actors used to wear masks and perform the ‘silent plays’ in front of audiences of up to 10,000 at festivals in honour of Dionysus, the god of the theatre. G As time went by, mime spread throughout the western world ~ first to Italy and later to other European countries, It is now a form of theatre that’s popular all over the world. The great thing ‘about mime is that language is no barrier. As no words are used, it doesn’t matter if the actors are African, English or Finnish. As long as they are good enough, everybody can understand the story or message, UNIT 20 The Performing Arts different ways. Sometimes mime is used with dance, and D eee Another advantage of mime is that the actors don't need: lot of equipment. Afier many months of rehearsing, so ‘mime artists stan performing on the streets of big cities They don't need any props and often all they do is wear some unusual clothes and make-up, As long as they are goad at miming, that’s really all that mauters, E Over the centuries people have learnt 10 use mime in many “sometimes itis us artists manage to tell type of mime that is v io make people laugh. Other mime ) sad stories using mime. One lar and which you can see instance, Charlie Chaplin or Napole they stand very still on a busy street com exactly like a statue. In fact, you can't help wo they really are statues! However, if you give the some money, he siants moving foryou. It's a clever idea and small children love to watch the statues ‘come to life. Ut something they will member seeing fora long time. F Mime has now become so popular that specia schools have opened in some countries ~ Fray America, for example. The schools help stude learn all the different types of mime by teaching not acting but also dancing and clowning. Mime has now changed so much that some mime artists even include ‘speech in their performances. Some people think this is a good idea, but there are others who believe the old- Jashioned mime is the best and that a top-class mime artist should never need to say a word. G Despite the different opinions about modern mime, there is ‘one thing that mosi people agree on. Mime has comea long way since the days of the ancient Greeks, and it will go on being « popular form of theatre for many years to come.—— [5} Read the article again and answer the questions. Choose from paragraphs A-G In which paragraph of the article do we find out that plays tried to show people the correct way to behave? that it can be quite cheap for somebody to become a mime artist? that people used to use mime instead of talking? 6868 that mime is found worldwide? that mime artists used to hide their faces? 6 that mime artists often dress differently from other people? that mime can be used for both comedy and tragedy? that mime artists now talk in some of their performances? that future generations are likely to enjoy mime? what the word ‘mime’ means’ that the nationality of mime artists is not important? about people being taught the art of mime? that miming is sometimes combined with dancing? that children find mime artists especially memorable? BAsasaAsdse about miming performances in ancient Greece? Vocabulary Link [9 Find words and phrases in the article wi have the following meanings. people who watch a film, a play ete (part A) belonging to a very simple society, without industry (part A) movements of the body, usually the hands and arms (part A) ethical (part B) people who perform (part B) to show respect to (part B) problem (part C) 7 practising (part D) ee raaneone objects used by actors in film or play (part D) 10 _ for example (part E) : 11 a figure of a person (or animal) made of stone, metal, ete (part E) 12. one of the best (part F) UNIT 20 The Performing Arts (167Use the words in capitals at the end of each sentence to make words which fit in the spaces. 1 There's nothing better than watching a film for a good night's ENTERTAIN 2 I thought the mayor's before the concert was very touching. SPEAK 3) What are your on the subject of the National Ballet being sold? THINK 4 The great thing about this theatre group is that we travel abroad and meet actors of other - NATION S Ican’t make lunch tomorrow; I'll be for my new play. REHEARSAL 6 The atmosphere at the children’s pantomime was MAGIC 7 The wonderful soundtrack made the film MEMORY 8 He's so funny that he really should be a . COMEDY Complete the sentences with these words. ballet cast costumes performances reviews scenery showing _ special effects 1 For their end-of-year play, all the children wore that had been made by their parents. 2 Itwas an excellent show; all the actors gave wonderful 3 Itwas a mainly unknown apart from Kevin Costner, who played the detective. 4° Swan Lake was the first Tever saw. 3 What's at the local cinema this weekend? 6 Unfortunately, his new play got really bad in the papers. Still, you can’t always trust what the critics 7 The was so realistic, you could imagine just what it was like living in a poor part of London hundreds of years ago. 8 That new science fiction film has so many wonderful that it must have cost a fortune to make. (768) UNIT 20 The Performing ArtsLook at these examples from the article 1 Audiences have enjoyed going to the theatre ... 2... found a way of communicating with each other... 3... primitive people managed to show what they wanted .. Which form of the verb follows enjoyed? Which form of the verb follows managed? Which form of the verb do we use after prepositions? Study 20.1 and 20.2 of the Grammar Reference on pages 189-190 before you do the task. EF}. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 When he was a child, Marcel Marceau never imagined (become) one of the most famous mime artists in the history of theatre. 2 The boy asked the actor how he managed (learn) so many lines so well. 3° Lam afraid we cannot afford (get) tickets for this performance. 4° TWsnot worth 7 (book) tickets at the cinema: there’s always plenty of empty seats. 5 He offered (book) the tickets for the concert. 6 We look forward to (see) you when you come to our show in Athens. 7 The director volunteered (resign) when the film went over budget. 8 How about (come) to the circus with us this weekend? 9 Andy considered (train) to become an actor, but then changed his mind. 10 ‘Pretend (cry), the director told the actor. Look at these examples from the article. «people had begun to talk, They began performing ... Is there a change in meaning if the verb begin is followed by a gerund or an infinitive? Look at these examples from the article. «the ancient Greeks... went on to develop it... Mime... will go on being a popular form... Is there a change in meaning if the phrasal verb go on is followed by a gerund or an infinitive? Study 20.3 of the Grammar Reference on page 190 before you do the task. UNIT 20 The Performing Arts (168)GB Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. More than one answer may be possible. 1 When he was interviewed, Charlie Chaplin said that he didn’t remember in east London as a child. _ (live) 2° Itstarted (rain) as we were just about to leave the house. Did you try (get) the star’s autograph after the performance last night? 4 Most children love (watch) cartoons on television. They say that Marilyn Monroe often forgot (appear) for film shoots. 6 Stop (talk) now; the performance is about to be; 7 Ifyou continue (behave) like that, the theatre manager will ask you to leave 8 The agent regretted (shout) at the actress yesterday morning and has apologised to her. 9 Toy (talk) to the ballet teacher in the morning, but I’m not sure I'll find her, 10 Did you remember (buy) the book about performance in primitive societies? I After a 3-hour rehearsal, they stopped (take) a break. 12 Hove (watch) old films on DVD. Listening Link 1G BB ou will hear two people discussing three different summer camps. Each summer camp specialises in a particular area of interest. For questions 1-8, choose the correct answer a, b or c. 1 Which summer camp is located about an hour According to the information provided, how from London? many camps offer sports activities? athe theatre camp a one the music camp b two © the film-making camp © three 2° What does Sarah not like about the 6 film-making course? In Tim's opinion, Sarah should attend the ‘music summer camp in order to athe regulations regarding language level a play different instruments. b the minimum age b_ improve her English. ¢ the location of the school © meet students from other countries. 3 Why does Tim decide to go to the theatre camp? 7 a Itis not too expensive. How long is the course specialising in music? a about a fortnight b He wants to become a professional actor. The course dates are most suitable. 4° Attheatre camp, you can learn how to a design special effects, b_ bea director. © use a camera, 170) UNIT20 The Performing Arts b nearly three weeks € about four weeks 8 Sarah decides against the music summer ‘camp because she'll miss her family while she’s away, b she promised her parents she'd go on holiday with them, €_ the dates of the course don't suit her.€ [speaking Link (£9 Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. Have you ever been to a concert or the theatre? If so, did you enjoy it? If not, would you like to go? ‘Many people say that they prefer to see live theatre rather than a film Why do you think they might feel this way? ‘What advantages does film have over theatre? In general, film stars carn much more money than stage actors, Do you think this is fair? Some people believe that actors receive too much attention/publicity Do you agree? If you could spend a week watching a play being rehearsed or a film being made, which would you choose? Why? Use the hints and the expressions in the box below to help you. ‘Avoid just soying ‘Yes’ or No’. Try fo answer questions as fully {as possible, explaining and justitying where appropriate. 1 think people like/enjoy ‘The main advantage is .. It’s probably because... agree that ... but [ also think that I disagree I don’t think ... is fairiright. Vd rather ... than ( Now report back to the class. Unit 20 Te Performing arte (7)Writing Link Im this unit, you are going to learn to write an informal letter giving information. Read the question. Then read the letter and choose the correct answer, a, b orc for each gap. Write a letter to your cousin telling him/her about a concert, play or fim you have seen, Dear Lynne, Sony 1) forages. I've been busy tors of homework and revision. How are ‘you anyway? hope you're OK. I bet you've @ hard too, | 1@_eell you about the famastic film I saw the other evening called ‘Joe Parker’. It is about a young boy who wants @ his life. He's been a real problem for his parents and has into all kinds of trouble. In the film he is tying to @__) for everything by (hard at school | fo get good marks. He's decided he is [be a doctor instead ofa criminal! Honestly, Lynne, | it was brilliant Lfelt very GI) because the ending is GI) sad that I started to ery. It didn't matter, | E>), because when the lights in the cinema went on everyone else was & ny to see it if it comes to your local cinema, | Well, I'd better go now. Try EL) soon and tell me all your news. Love, Janet 1 a wrote b haven'twritten don’t write 2 a making b_ being ¢ doing 3 a working been working © work 4 a must bought © have 5 a change b changing © to change 6 a got b gone © went 7 a make out b- make do © make up 8 a towork working having work 9 a to b going © going to 10a embarrassed db excited © exhausted 1a such b sort of © so 12a although b though © even 13 a cried b tocry © crying 14a ought b should had to 15 a towrite b> written © writing GD Now write a eter Use the outine to help you. (160-180 words) Greeting Dear (Lynne), Paragraph 1 General ‘chat Paragraphs 2 and.3_ Tell your cousin about the concertiplay/tiim ~ the story, the characters and ‘where you saw it, Recommend the concert/ play/ film to your cousin. Closing paragraph Ask your cousin to write soon, | Signing off Love,/Bye for now, Ganet) 472) unt 20 The Pectorming arts Look back a the Learning Link and alc about whet you hare eeeReview 6 Vocabulary y ‘or questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d. A burglar a looked into b got out of ¢ broke into came after their house while they were out. | How can young people in gangs pressures and dangers they face? a consider b remain insist endure | They hadn’t thought about it before. It was a decision. a primitive 1b spontancous c a _ all the distinctive numerous {Jenny is having her a gesture b shot © portrait d statue painted on Saturday. Social help young people deal with their problems and difficulties. a members b workers officers rivals § The bank robber was sent to prison by the _ a police b_ prisoner © judge d private detective 7 My purse was a robbed b sentenced © committed d_ stolen 8 Several a first b scale © eye d_ glance ___ from my bag. _witnesses saw the accident. 9 10 uw 2 B 14 15 16 With digital photography the results are a instant b- moral © digital d_ toxic Some teenagers do things they shouldn't because oa presure | a peer b fenorance | © gang d__ personality ‘You don't have to be a computer touse this camera! a editor b wizard ¢ technique actor My cousin is a freelance a. reporter b director precaution d_ barrier for a newspaper. ‘The cast are doing eight aweek at the ‘moment, which is very tiring. a special effects b performances ¢ props reviews J can't decide yet, but I will bear your ideas __ a for instance b_ inhonour © on my guard d inmind Olly’s __ for the play. a producing b_ rehearsing, ¢ influencing d_ operating ‘The ___ really enjoyed the performance. a membership b denial © audience slippers REVIEW 5 Units 17-20 (17:1 Lwish I Polly some advice before she left, a had been given b had given © gave was giving 2 That box looks heavy, carry it? a Should b Ought © Shouldn't have d_ Ought to 3) Twisht a was feeling b_ had felt © been feeling feeling 4 wish Kate a driven b drive © driving wouldn't drive 5 Pete, who and left, a. sitting b_ will sit © sat d_ had been sitting __Lask for help to better. I want to go out tonight. so fast. _ by the fire, suddenly jumped up 6 Tenjoy a acting b toact © act acted fei a eat b_ had been eating © ate was eating ___ onstage. my dinner then washed the dishes, 8 Ifyou are feeling ill, you doctor. ought should shall shouldn't togoand sea ange 174) REVIEW 5 Units 17-20 6 Grammar For questions 1-16, choose the correct answer, a, b, c, or d. 9 10 I R 14 15, 16 Ineed. a torelax b relax © torelaxing d_ relaxing so Lam going on hi I buy this digital camera, or not? What do you think? a Ought not to b Ought © Shall d_ Shouldn't It’s high time we a insisting b toinsist insisted insist ‘on some changes at work. You ____ brought the dog inside the house. a should b shouldn't have © ought to a shall The man on trial ‘was caught. a commits b had committed © iscommitting was committing ‘The robber a had appeared bis appearing ¢ appeared d_ has been appearing Td better a toleave b leaving © leave have left Stop __, please; the film is about to start, a to talk b talk talking has talked __ several crimes before he in court later today. now. Its getting lateReference Grammar eal We use this tense for © things which are true in general. the laws of science and nature. ‘how often something happens. This tense is used with the stative verbs below, which normally appear in simple forms. (See 1.3 for more about stative verbs.) ‘© emotion: adore, dislike, fear, forgive, hate, like, love, need, want, wish © measurement: cost, equal, measure, weigh © mental activity: appear, believe, depend, doubt, expect, forget, guess, hope, imagine, know, meon, mind, prefer, realise, remember, seem, suppose, think, understand * possession: belong to, have, owe, own, possess senses: feel, hear, notice, recognise, see, smell, sound, taste Large cities are very busy places. Fish live in water. My parents plant new flowers in our garden ‘every spring. I absolutely adore your apartment. How much does this flat cost? He doesn’t understand why she moved house. That house belongs to my grandfather. — Do you hear the dog barking? — eo) We use this tense for © actions that are in progress at the time of speaking. * actions that are in progress around the time of speaking. This tense can also be used with words like always, forever and continuously to complain about habitual behaviour. At the moment, I am cleaning my room. John’s uncle is building a house near the sea. Martin’s neighbours are always making too ‘much noise. Eo Some stative verbs can be used in continuous forms, but there is always a change in meaning. Instead of fescribing a state, they describe an activity. four house appears to need a coat of paint. Yost houses have solid foundations. "see that you got a new fence, Vhen we cook food on our barbeque, it always astes fontastic. Ve think your designs are very good. The famous architect is now appearing at the town hall. Angela is having problems with her landlord. We are seeing a plumber about the central heating problems. Lam tasting the cheese because it smells funny. We are thinking of moving from this area. Grammar Reference (175)neces! We use this tense for * completed actions and states when the time is not important. There is always a connection with the present. '* actions and states that started in the past and still continue, * giving new information or announcing a recent event. ‘* saying how many times an action has happened. amaaanreeaaaeeeace Lae Helen has used those builders and she says they're good. He has lived here most of his life. My sister has just bought a new bungalow. Thave never seen such o beautiful house. This tense is used with words like already, just, and yet and with phrases such as It's the first/second/last time ..., this moming/evening (when the period of time hasn't finished), etc. We have just called the estate agent. It’s the first time I have lived in an apartment. This tense can be used with for and since, ‘for + a period of time since + a point in time They have lived here for three years. He has made a (ot of friends since he moved here. Remember: Don't use this tense with words and phrases that refer to specific past time such as yesterday, in 1972, last year, etc, eeouiaeck cue We use this tense for * actions which began in the past and have recently stopped. There is a connection with now. * emphasising how long an action has been in progress. John has been gardening and he now needs to have a shower. We have been painting the house for clmost two weeks. This tense can also be used with for and since. He has been living in London for three years, She has been decorating her house since March. w: ekooure Ae We use this tense for * a state or completed action in the past when the time is important. * a series of completed actions in the past. the main events in a story. * an action which interrupted another action that ‘was in progress in the past. We use this tense for * actions that were in progress at a certain time in the past. ‘two or more actions that were in progress at the same time in the past. * an action that was in progress in the past and was interrupted by another action. * describing things in the past. Sheila was working on a project when her boss asked her to come into his office. Anna was typing the reviews while Sally was entering information into the computer. She was driving home from work when the police stopped her for speeding. The firemen were putting out the fire while the police were asking people what had happened. 176 Grammar ReferenceSe ER We use this tense for an action or state that existed before another event, state, or time in the past, The doctor saw the patient after he had looked at the Xray. This tense is used with words like already, just and yet and with phrases such as It was the first/second/last time .. Thad just closed the door when the telephone rang. Te was the first time Tory had been for an interview This tense can be used with for and since. They had worked together for three years when they decided to start a company together Chris had wanted to become a policeman since he was at school. eee We use this tense for ‘an action that was in progress before another action in the past. an action that had just finished at a certain time in the past but was still relevant at that time. ‘Naomi had been waiting for half an hour when the office manager finally had time to see her. They had been interviewing people for ages ond still couldn't find the right person. eee ee We use used to + bare infinitive to talk about ‘an action that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens. past states. The negative form of used to is didn’t use to. Used to can be replaced by would to talk about actions that happened reguleily in the past. It cannot be replaced by would when it talks about past states. Be used to + noun/gerund talks about habits and states that are not strange or new to us. Get used to + noun/gerund talks about the process of something becoming familiar to us. Secretaries used to use typenriters to write letters but now they have computers, ‘She used to have an office of her own. Women didn’t use to work as often as they do now. He would always have a coffee and look at the Paper before he started work. Martin is used to working overtime at the hospital, She soon got used to taking responsibility for the ‘other members of staff. Een We use this tense for ‘* making predictions, promises, and threats. * offering to do something for someone. * asking someone to do something. + making a sudden decision. Till make the most beautiful dress ever. Iwill help you decide which belt to buy. Will you pass me that checked scarf, please? Iwill take the red dress, please. tis often used with the verbs think, believe, etc and phrases like I am sure ... to make guesses or give our opinion about what will happen in the future. I think long dresses will be in fashion again next year. Em We use this tense to * talk about an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. talk about an arrangement for the future. find out about somebody's plans when we want to ask them a favour. she can't come to lunch. Iwill be shopping for my wedding dress on Saturday. If not, can I borrow it? ‘Mary will be watching the fashion show then, so Will you be wearing your leather jacket tomorrow? Grammar Reference (177)EA We use this tense to talk about something that will, have happened before a certain time in the future. : The fashion show will have ended by the time we get there, eek We use this tense to talk about how long something will have been in progress at a certain time in the future. This time next year, James will have been working for that fashion house for ten years. Pend We use this tense for schedules, timetables and programmed events. re The fashion show starts at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. ce ean) We use this tense for plans and arrangements for the future. There must be a word or phrase in the sentence that talks about future time unless this can be understood from the context, We are attending a fashion show in the centre of town tomorrow evening. Ear We use be going to + bare infinitive for * plans and arrangements for the future. ‘+ making a prediction for the future based on a present situation. Sandra is going to meet me at the boutique, She is going to become a very successful designer one day. Ec ed Future tenses cannot be used in a future clause with when, We use a present tense. The same is true of future clauses with as soon as, after, before, until, while, by the time, and no matter what/who/where/etc. Note that we use the Present Perfect when we need to emphasise that one action must be completed before the next one starts. When you see Ruth, will you tell her to call me? TIL look for a new bag when I'm shopping later. ‘As soon as you see her new haircut, tell her it Looks nice, ‘No matter where we go, I'l wear my new suit, Iwill give you back the pencil when I have finished with it, Set ceca need * We use can to talk about ability in the present or future. It is followed by a bare infinitive. The negative form of can is cannot (can't). ‘© We use could to talk about a general ability in the past, It is followed by a bare infinitive. ‘+ The negative form of could is could not (couldn't). * Other forms of can are formed using the verb be able to, Young people can have a great time on adventure holidays in the countryside, The travel agent can’t change your flight dates. L used to have lots of free time, so T could go away Jor short breaks. In the past, people couldn't go on package holidays. TU be able to meet you in London next Saturday. Sony, but I wasn’t able to book the flight to Paris, FB) cracnrar remsconeeS St * We use must and have to to talk about obligation and necessity. They are followed by a bare infinitive. * The negative forms of must and have to are ‘must not (mustn't) and do not (don't) have to. ‘Mustn’t means that you are not allowed to do something, but don’t have to means you can choose whether you do something or not. ‘+ The past form of must and have to is had to. * The negative form of had to is didn’t have to You must be careful when you cross the road. You have to take your passport when you travel abroad, You mustn't park near the crossroods. You don’t have to take a taxi. Take the bus instead. We had to tun right as the road was blocked. You didn’t have to stay in the most expensive hotel in the city. * We use need to to talk about something that is necessary, It is followed by a bare infinitive, * The negative form is don’t need to. We can also use needn't. ‘The past form is needed to. * We use didn’t need to when somebody knew that it was not necessary to do something. * We use needn’t have + past participle when somebody did something unnecessary in the past, but they didn't know it was unnecessary at the time. You need to buy « camera to take pictures when we're om holiday. The guide says that we don’t need to/needn’t take umbrellas with us. We needed to wait for the local ferry to take us across the river He didn’t need to be home early so he drove along the coast road. You needn't have taken so many photographs as there are some beautiful postcards available ot the sift shop. 6 Passive | The passive is made with the verb be and a past participle. We change an active sentence into a passive sentence in the following way. The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb. The verb be is used in the correct form together with the past participle of the active verb. Their best player scored the goal. The goal was scored by their best player. The table below shows how active verb forms change to passive verb forms. <= Ges Simple Present give/gives Present Continuous am/are/is giving Past Simple gave Past Continuous Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple Future Simple Future Perfect Simple was/were giving have/has given had given will give will have given am/are/is given ‘am/ate/is being given was/were given was/were being given have/has been given hrad been given will be given will have been given Modals should give should be given Modals (past) should have given should have been given Infinitive to give to be given Gerund aiving being given ‘be going to am/are/is going to give am/are/is going to be given The Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, and Future Perfect Continuous tenses are not usually used in the passive form. Sometimes we want to know who or what was responsible for the action (the agent). In a passive sentence the word by comes before this information, The team is managed by the best manager in the world. We use the word with when we want to say what the agent used to do something. The swimming pool was cleaned with special chemicals. Unit Grammar Reference 179)nit 2 AR eased We make comparatives and superlatives in the following ways: © We add -e1/-est to adjectives/adverbs with one or two syllables. The last consonant is doubled for one syllable adjectives/adverbs with consonant vowel-consonant. For one or two syllable adjectives/adverbs that end in -y, the y changes to 7 and then we add -er/-est. We use more/most or less/least with adjectives/ adverbs of more than two syllables. short shorter the shortest clever cleverer the cleverest big bigger the biggest crazy crazier the craziest comfortably more/less_ the most/least comfortably comfortably Some adjectives/adverbs are irregular and the compa must be learned. ative and superlative forms shown in the table below Eee eee a lot of more the most bad/badly worse the worst far ‘fartier/further the farthest/furthest few fewer the fewest good/well better the best ill worse the worst little (ess/smaller the least/smallest many ‘more the most much more the most old older/elder the oldest/eldest ‘+ We use than with the comparative when two People, groups, places, or things are compared. ‘Slightly, a bit, much and a lot can be used with the comparative form to give us more information. A Ferran is faster than a Renault Clio, It's slightly more expensive to travel by train than ‘by bus. It was a bit cheaper to go from Athens to Ciete by ferry than by plane It is much more comfortable to travel first class on the plane. There are a lot more cars in Lordon than in Dover. ER ee * (ot) as + adjective/adverb + as '* the + comparative, the + comparative ‘* comparative + and + comparative © prefer + gerund/noun + to + gerund/noun would rather + bare infinitive + than + bare infinitive The new departure [ounge at the airport is not as comfortable as the old one. The faster he drives, the sooner he will get home. Cars are getting faster and faster. Some people prefer taking the metro to driving to the city. She prefers her Ford to her husband's Porsche. Many passengers on the bus would rather stand than sit: (780) Grammar ReterenceSiena Believe, consider, expect, hope, know, report, say, think, etc can be used in the following passive structures: © Impersonal Structure It + passive verb + that + clause Personal Structure subject + passive verb + full infinitive Tes believed that the problem of litter is getting worse. The problem of litter is believed to be getting worse. Pee Some active verbs have two objects. We usually use the personal object as the subject in a passive sentence. Note the use of the word to when the impersonal object becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The villagers sent the minister letters of protest. The minister was sent letters of protest by the villagers. Letters of protest were sent to the minister by the villagers. Eee Questions tags are short questions at the end of a positive or negative sentence. They are formed with modal and auxiliary verbs, We use questions tags * when we want someone to agree with what we are saying. © to make sure that what we are saying is right. Note the way the following tags are formed: © Iam... aren't I? Let's ..., shall we? Imperative ..., will you?/won't you? This/That is «.., isn’t it? These/Those are ..., aren't they? You exercise every day, don’t you? Those pills give pain relief, don’t they? He can't pay by check, can he? She used to work in that hospital, didn’t she? I’m in good shape, are ‘ Let's go jogging, shall we? Call the doctor, will you/won't you: This is the medicine the c pe rere ee Those are bad habits that made him il, aren't they? 9.2 Subject/Object Questions When who, what, or which is the object of a question, the word order changes. Who did she see about her sore tooth? What did the doctor tell him? When who, what, or wihich is the subject of a question, the word order does not change. What made her do that? Who called the ambulance? i PRM ‘An indirect question is a question introduced by one of the following phrases: Could you let me know ...? Can you tell me ...? Do you know ...? Have you any idea ...? Twould like to know Twonder if you know ... . T would like to ask you Tdon't suppose you know Could you let me know how much it costs? Do you know what kind of treatment they gave the patient? IT wonder if you know where I can find a dentist. I would like to ask you what I should do if I feel out of breath. Note that the word order of a direct question changes when it becomes an indirect question. “CE. Where is the hopital? When should she take the medicine? Why did the nurse speak so rudely? Can you tell me where the hospital is? i I like to know when she should take the medicine. Have you ary idea why the nurse spoke so rudely? Grammar Reference (181Eker We make negative questions with not. Didn't you take the doctor's advice? We use negative questions © to express surprise. Didn't the dentist take the tooth out in the end? * to show we are annoyed, Didn't I tell you to call me if she needed any help? ‘* when we expect the answer to be yes. Dicin’t we see the surgeon last year? BIT 10.1 Reported Speech - Statements D ities the reporting verb is in a past tense, the tenses used by the speaker change as follows: Direct Speech Gece Simple Present ‘Simple Past ‘T work at the local tibrary,’ she said. She said (that) she worked at the local library. Present Continuous Past Continuous ‘We are meeting the social worker soon," Mark said. | Mark said they were meeting the social worker soon. Present Perfect Past Perfect ‘He has wanted that job for ages,' she said, She said he had wanted that job for ages. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous ‘Thave been waiting for the repair man,’ he said, He said he had been waiting for the repair man. Simple Past Past Perfect ‘T renewed my library card,' she said. She said she had renewed her library card. | Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous } ‘She was waiting for two hours,’ he said, She said she had been waiting for two hours to see the mayor. Cintra | n could | ‘Tan help you," she said. She said she could help me. may might ‘I may be able to visit her, he said, He said that he might be able to visit her must had to ‘You must see the dentist about your tooth,’ He said I had to see the dentist about my tooth. he said, will would ‘Twill help you raise the money for charity," He said he would help me raise the money for charity. he said, don't not to ‘Don’t expect the police to help you,’ she said, She told me not to expect the police to help me If we report something and we know that itis still | ‘have a lovely niece," he said. ‘true, we do not need to change the verb tenses. He said he has a lovely niece. "The police are there to help,’ they said. They said the police are there to help. When direct speech talks about a law of science ‘The Earth goes around the Sun,’ said the library assistant. and nature, the tenses do not change when The library assistant said the Earth goes around the it is reported. isin 482) Grammar ReterenceSometimes there are time and place changes in reported speech. Changes are as follows: Eres Enc today that day ‘Twill be available to see you today,' he said. He said he would be available to see me that day. yesterday the day before 'She gave some money to charity yesterday," he said. He said she had given some money to charity the day before. last week/month/year, etc ‘We met John last week,’ they said. the week/month/year before, ete They said they had met John the week before. tomorrow 'We can go to the town hall tomorrow,’ they said. the following day They said they could go to the town hall the {following day. next week/month/year, etc "You can expect the letter from the organisation next the following week/month/year, etc He said I could expect the letter from the week,” he said. organisation the following week. this/these that/those "These are my library books,’ he said. He said those were his library books. go before "We went to the health center two weeks ago,’ they said. They said they had gone to the health center two weeks before. now 'We need the money now," he said. then He said they needed the money then, here ‘Twill be here tomorrow,’ he said. there He said he would be there the next day. at the moment ‘Tam too busy to see you at the moment,’ said the manager. at that moment The manager said she wos too busy to see me at that moment. eer The changes in tenses are the same as the ones we make in reported statements. When a direct question has a question word like who, what, how, etc., this word is used in the reported question. 'Where is the police station?" I asked. asked where the police station was. When a direct question doesn’t have @ question word like who, what, how, ete, if/whether is used in the reported question. ‘Do you do any voluntary work?" he asked. He asked me if/whether I did any voluntary work. Remember: In reported questions, the verb follows the subject, as in ordinary statements. We do not use question marks. ciatePe Wio en hoard Sometimes we use verbs other than say, ask or tell to report speech. agree/refuse/decide/offer + full infinitive "es, I can see you tomorrow, ' she said. She agreed to see me the next day, Twill not allow you to volunteer for that job,’ he sai. He refused to allow me to volunteer for that job. apologize + for + gerund ‘Tam sony for making such a mistake,’ he said. He apologized for making such a mistake, ‘accuse + object + of + gerund ‘You broke the window on purpose,' they said. They accused me of breaking the window on purpose. blame + object + for + gerund ‘It was Andrew who started the fire,’ said David. David blamed Andrew for starting the fire, congratulate + subject + on + gerund ‘You did a wonderful jot,’ she said to the policeman, She congratulated the policeman on doing a wonderful job. suggest (that) + subject + (should) + bare infinitive ‘Let's collect some money for the poor people in our town,’ they said. They suggested (that) they (should) collect some ‘money for the poor people in their town. suggest (that) + subject + verb in Past Simple ‘Why don't we visit Polly,' he suggested. He suggested (that) they visited Polly. Note that suggest can be followed by a gerund when the speaker is involved in the action. ‘let's buy charity cards,' said John. John suggested buying charity cards. HAT 11 Relative Clauses | D Relative clauses give more information about the subject or the object of a sentence. Relative clauses are introduced by the following words (relative pronouns and adverbs): who for people which for things whose for belongings when for time where for places There are people who have survived natural disasters. The flood which happened last month was the worst in a decade. Those are the children whose money was sent to the Flood victims. Thete comes a time when we need to offer our support to those in need, The building where they keep the fire engines is spotlessly clean, A) ranma Reteronceapron This type of relative clause gives us information that we need to be able to understand who or what the speaker is talking about. We do not use commas to separate it from the rest of the sentence. Decne This type of relative clause gives us extra information. We use commas to separate it from the rest of the sentence. In some relative clauses, the information is necessary and in others it is extra, Defining relative clauses Unit The man who told us about the hotel was very helpful. There are many vacations avcilable that aren't too expensive. The woman whose sister is my best friend has been working in Africa for two yeas. Iremember a time when holidays abroad were not common. My father who travels a lot on business, has visited ‘many countries, While we were in Santorini we saw the black sand, which is a result of a volcanic eruption thousands of years ago. The offices of Go Tours, whose holidays are really good, are next to the town hall. 1972, when I first went to France, was the year ‘my brother was born. She went to the Caribbean, where she enjoyed the natural beauty all around her. PERM ey Etienne Conditional sentences talk about the results of real or imagined actions or states. The zero conditional talks about habitual facts in the present or the future. When can be used instead of if. If/When + present tense, present tense If Angela goes jogging. she takes a bottle of woter with her When she has a problem with her weight, she tries to do more exercise. First Conditional The first conditional talks about things that will probably happen now or in the future. If + present tense, will/can/may + bare infinitive Note that unless can be used in this conditional. Unless means the same as if not. Second Conditional Uf Anna continues to eat lots of chocolate, she will put on weight. If John gets himself fit, he can play for us next week. You may hurt yourself if you try to lift those weights. We'll go swimming unless it rains. ‘We use the second conditional to talk about things * that probably won't happen now or in the future. © we know will not happen. If + past tense, would/could/might + bare infinitive Third Conditional If you ate less, you might be thinner. If you wanted, you could take up termis. If L were asked to play for Manchester United, it would be o dream come true. We use the third conditional to talk about the past. Tt always talks about hypothetical things because we cannot change the past. If + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle If they had scored that penalty, they would have won the cup last year. My grandfather could have been an cthlete if he'd trained harder. She might have been the best tennis player in the world, if she had not had so many injuries. ccsmsnarnetrci(705)13.2 as long as, even if, in case and provided We can use provided (that) and as long as in the first conditional instead of if Provided (that) the referee arrives on time, the game will start at seven, Twill let you borrow my exercise bike as tong as you promise to be careful with it. We can use even if in the first, second, and third conditional to mean it doesn’t matter I won't play with her again even if she changes her style. Even if he changed tactics, the team would never win, They wouldn't have beaten Real Madrid even if they hhad had the best players in the world. We use in case to explain that somebody does something because it is possible that something else might happen. In case can be used to talk about the present, the future, or the past. It is not. followed by a future tense, jn case + present tense (present/future time) in case + past tense (past time) Take your jacket when you go jogging in case it starts raining later. ‘She advised her son to wear two pairs of socks in case the weather changed. d A/ Anis used * with singular countable nouns. ‘* to mean per/each, in expressions of frequency. + to mention something for the first time. (When we continue talking about it we use the.) © to show job, status, etc. J would like a can of lemonade, please. We buy meat once a week, usually on Saturday. I had a sandwich for lunch. (The sandwich hod chicken and tomato in it.) She works as @ dietician in a health club. The is used with singular and plural, countable and. uncountable nouns, to talk about something spe- cific when the noun is mentioned for a second time. I made a cake and some cookies yesterday. The cake had been eaten by lunchtime! It is also used before © unique nouns ‘* names of cinemas, theaters, ships, hotels, etc. ‘* names of rivers, deserts, mountain ranges, and. ames or nouns with of. * musical instruments. © nationalities. ‘adjectives used as nouns. ‘superlatives. * beach, countryside, station, jungle, etc. ‘+ morning, afternoon, evening, night, The sun was shining for our picnic. The Titanic had the finest restaurants ever built on a ship. The Amazon is the largest river in the world, although it is not the longest. Would you play the piano for us after dinner, Simon? The Italians are famous for their pizza, It is important that the young eat a balanced diet. That is the finest wine we have ever drunk. Let's take sandwiches to the beach with us. In the morning, Nancy likes to eat toast. 188) Grammar ReferenceThe is not used before proper nouns. names of sports, games, colours, days, months, drinks, holidays, meals, and languages (not followed by the word language). subjects of study. names of countries (but the USA, the Netherlands), Cities, streets (but the M5, the High Street), squares, bridges (but the Golden Gate Bridge), parks, stations, individual mountains, islands, lakes, continents, bed, church, school, hospital, prison, university, college, court when we talk about the reason they exist. (Work never takes the). means of transportation in expressions like by car, etc (in the car). Christopher prefers eggs for breakfast. Lunch will be served at one o'clock, so don’t be (ate, A friend of mine is studying food science at college. You will find a magnificent bistro halfway along George Street. She's taking a catering course at university and wants to open her own restaurant one day. When we went out for a meal last Saturday, we went by taxi to the restaurant. eee Both is used with plural nouns and means one and the other. Both fruit and vegetables should be eaten to maintain a healthy diet, None (of) is used with plural nouns and means not any of. None of the dishes was particularly tasty. AIL is used with a personal pronoun. All goes before the main verb but after the verb be. We don’t usually use all in sentences where we can use everyone or everything. All has the same meaning as whole but the word order is different. They all/All of them liked the pasta. ‘Mum made some cakes and the children ate them all/all of them. The customers all agreed thot the service was good. The customers are all satisfied with the service. Everyone loved her recipes. All the villoge came to the wedding reception. The whole village came to the wedding reception. Either is used with or to mean one or the other. It can also be used with a singular noun or pronoun. Either we eat in a restaurant or we stay at home; T don't mind. Would you like either a mug or a cup? Neither is used with nor to mean not one or the other. The verb should be singular. It can also be used as the negative equivalent of both. Neither James nor Anthony objects to helping lay the table. L asked her which of the two she wanted and she said neither. Each is used with a singular noun. It can also be used with of and plural nouns but takes a singular verb form. Each boy has to help with the preparations. Each of the children eats their dessert after lunch. Grammar RetrenceInit 5 ee) Deed May and might are used to talk about possibil ‘* When they talk about the present or future, they are followed by a bare infinitive. ‘+ When they talk about the past, they are followed by have and a past participle. es Education may become more expensive in the future I might study maths, but I'm not sure This book might have helped you to do your homework. Paul may have been able to help you with your school Project. Must and can’t are used to talk about certainty. ‘Must means that we ate sure something happens, will happen or did happen and can’t means we are sure something doesn’t happen, won’t happen or didn’t happen. ‘* When they talk about the present or the future, they are followed by a bare infinitive, ‘* When they talk about the past, they are followed by have and a past participle. It’s one o'clock. The meat must be ready. ‘Maria can’t know the answer or she would tell us. She must have left the milk out of the fridge all night as it has gone off. Penny can’t have eaten all that cake by herself. ees We use the causative * to say that we arrange for somebody to do something for us. * to talk about an unpleasant action that happens to somebody. We use have/get + object + past participle. We have our air conditioning system serviced once a year He is having a satellite dish installed next week. I had my mobile phone stolen last week. it 9 DY wisn is used to talk about a situation or an action we are sorry about. * Wish is followed by a past tense when it talks about the present or the future. Wish is followed by a past perfect tense when it talks about the past. Wish is followed by would and a bare infinitive when it talks about other people's annoying habits, or to say that we would like something to be different in the future. We use it for actions, not states. Twish I had a brother or a sister. My sister wishes she had studied harder for her examinations last month. I wish my neighbours would stop shouting. Remember: We cannot use would when we talk about our own behaviour.17.2 It's high time, had better, would rather We use It's high time when we want to say that It’s high time you wrote to your grandmother and something should happen immediately or should really | thanked her for your present. have happened already. It’s (high) time + subject + past tense Had better + bare infinitive is used to give somebody | You'd better apologise to your father. advice or say what somebody should do. We use would rather to talk about preference. would rather + bare infinitive Td rather go and visit my friend. would rather + subject + past tense Td rather you didn’t invite Sheila next weekend, Perea © Should and ought to are used ta give advice. She should apply for that job as a newsreader. They are followed by a bare infinitive. T think you ought to try and read mare books. The negative forms are should not (shouldn't) He shouldn't buy a video camera yet. and ought not to. You ought not to throw those magazines away. We use should + have + past participle when we You should have asked me for some help with criticise our own behaviour or somebody else's. that article The negative form is shouldn't + have + past participle. | He shouldn't have written thot letter to We use it when we want to say that something the newspaper. happened although it wasn’t a good idea. We use shall + bare infinitive to ask for advice. What shall T do about this problem? (exKcrma unit Here are some common verbs that can be followed ® by a verb in the gerund form admit enjoy mind We are considering going to see that new eid fancy ai play at the theatre next week. consider feel like practise He keeps telling me how good the film was delay finish recommend last week. deny imagine risk Do you mind listening to the concert an the discuss keep suggest radio tonight? Here are some expressions that are followed by a verb in the gerund form: Its (not) worth ... There's no point trying to get tickets for the It’s no use/good . pop concert; it’s sold out. There's no point... Tcan’t help thinking that you should have ; been a comedian. .- con't help. .- can't stand .. Note that we often use the gerund form He's interested in becoming an actor. attet Pre postU Ds T’m looking forward to seeing the reviews of my play. crammarReterance (168)Here are some common verbs that can be followed by the full infinitive afford demand prepare agree deserve pretend allow expect promise appear fail refuse arrange hope seem ask learn threaten attempt ‘manage volunteer clair offer wait decide plan want ‘He's agreed to work on the new play in the autumn, Actors deserve to be paid well for what they do. She promised to take her children to the pantomime ‘at Christmas. They refused to give us our money back even though the show was cancelled. COTE Some common verbs can be followed by either a gerut nd or a full infinitive without a change in meaning. begin dislike intend love continue hate ike start ‘Some actors hate having/to have their photograph in the newspapers. She's started taking/to take singing lessons. Some other common verbs can also be followed by a ve change in meaning, rerb in the gerund or a full infinitive, but. there is a forget © forget what happened Ti never forget seeing that comedy last year. 90 on * continue an activity He went on teaching drama for the rest of his Uf regret * be sorry about what happened She regrets leaving the theatre club remember ‘© remember what happened I remember seeing that actor in London once, stop * no longer do something The singer stopped taking lessons when she was 25, ty * do something to see if it is successful I tried taking singing lessons, but 1 was ternble, + forget to do something 1 forgot to buy the theatre tickets. ‘* stop one thing to do something else He went on to become an actor * be sorry to have to give unpleasant information J regret to tell you that the has performance hhas been cancelled. © remember what to do Il remember to collect the tickets for the opera after work today. * stop an activity to start something new The singer stopped to have a break. ‘© make an attempt to do something I tried to sing, but I couldn't. 190) Grammar ReterenceAnswers to Units 8 and 9 Unit @ The World Around Us 1 Achurch singer invented Post-it® notes. Arthur Fry, who worked as a chemist, sang in his church choir. He loved singing but hated it when hhis bookmarks fell out of his song book when he stood up to sing. ‘Another man who worked with Fry had developed a glue that wasn't very sticky and never dried. The two men got together and came up with Post-it® notes. 2. An artist who worked as a secretary invented Liquid Paper®. Bette Graham, an artist, was working as a secretary. She decided to make a small bottle of ‘paint’ to cover her typing mistakes. Soon other secretaries where she worked wanted one. Liquid Paper® became so popular that she stopped working as 2 secretary and started her own company. By the mid-1970s, her company had sold 25 milion bottles! 3 Aman who went hunting with his dog invented Velcro”. George de Mestral had been hunting with his dog and when they got home, he tried to get a particular type of seed (prickly burrs) off his dog's fur. He found it very difficult, so he looked at a seed under his microscope and discovered that it was covered in tiny hooks. He borrowed money from the bank and tried to create the same effect with material. He succeeded with nylon and came up with Velcro®. 4 A tailor who had a difficult customer invented the riveted pockets on jeans. Jacob Davis was a tailor who bought material from Levi Strauss in San Francisco. One of Davis’ customers kept tearing the pockets off his trousers so Davis came up with the idea of putting small pieces of metal (rivets) at the corners of the pockets to make them stronger. The trousers became very popular and he decided to get a patent to stop other people stealing his idea. He didn’t have the money to apply for one so he asked Levi Strauss to be his business partner. They opened a factory producing these jeans and in about 1890 these trousers were given the number 501, which they are still called today.3» CENGAGE = Learning” Link Up Upper Intermediate Course Book Sees Editors Angela Cussons Francesca Stafford Senior Acquisitions Editor: Themis Hatzikos Director of Content Development: Sarah Bideleux Development Editor: Francesca Stafford Media Editor: Liz Hammond ‘ket Director: Natasa Arsenidou ltustrator: Panagiotis Angeletakis Textlcover designer: Natasa Arsenidou cover image: Shutterstock.com Compositor: Sophia loannidou Acknowledgments Contributing writers: Sarah Bideleux, judy Boyle, Rachel Finnie, Gill Mackie, Patrick McGavigan, Nicholas Stephens Recording and production at GFS-PRO Stuio by George Flamouridis ‘We are grateful to the following for permission to adapt and reproduce copyright materia The Big Wind Kite Factory for Unit 6, swvcmolokaicom/kites _Mole-Aith Foundation» for Unit 10, woww.wish org, wwrw.worldwish.org and www.makeawish gr ‘The publishers would like to thank Visual Hellas for permission to reproduce copyright photographs, Printed in Greece by Bakis AEBE 23456789 10-1615 1413 12 (© 2009 Cengage Learning? 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