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VOLUME: 10 ISSUE: 07
JULY 2019
BLOCKCHAIN
The Distributed Digital Ledger
MTBiz
MONTHLY BUSINESS REVIEW
VOLUME: 10 ISSUE: 07
JULY 2019
Contents BLOCKCHAIN
The Distributed Digital Ledger
International
Economic Forecast 20
Wells Fargo Monthly Outlook 23
Financial Glossary 24
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ARTICLE OF THE MONTH
The transaction The new block is then added to Once verified, the transaction is
If someone wants to alter transaction
is complete. the existing blockchain, in a way
that is permanent and unalterable.
combined with other transactions
to create a new block of data records, they would have to access every
for the ledger.
node (computer) on the blockchain,
which is virtually impossible.
Source: PwC, Blockchain Survey, 2018
02 MTBiz
ARTICLE OF THE MONTH
That understanding is key to discerning the difference
Industries seen as leaders in blockchain
in how enterprise digital (legacy) organizations view
blockchain in comparison to their digital enterprise Financial services
(emerging disruptors) compatriots. For legacy organiza- Industrial products and manufacturing
tions like well-established financial institutions and Energy and utilities
traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, a change in Healthcare 12%
approach toward blockchain is becoming visible. Government 12%
Retail and consumer 8% 11%
The financial services sector is one of the first industries 4%
Entertainment and media 1%
to explore blockchain and is recognized globally as an
industry with high potential to be truly impacted by
blockchain technology. After years of looking at block-
chain as something of a curiosity, the financial services
sector has now begun to expand its view of blockchain
both as a threat and an opportunity.
At a practical level, decentralized and distributed ledger
technologies have the potential to fundamentally
redesign the ways in which financial institutions 46%
interact with each other, regulators, and their custom-
Source: PwC, Blockchain Survey, 2018
ers. Historically, use cases for blockchain technology in
financial services include trade finance, customer
onboarding, regulatory reporting, and cross-border Greatest disruption resulting from blockchain
initiatives in the next three years
payments. Moving forward, revenue-generation use
cases for crypto-trading services, loyalty programs,
securities-lending services, and others have started to
loT processes
(e.g., tracking software upgrades, product refills, warranties, etc.) 27%
come into focus.
HOW BLOCKCHAIN CHANGES BUSINESS
22%
Trading
(e.g., platforms for small business)
03 MTBiz
ARTICLE OF THE MONTH
CHALLENGES FOR TRUST IN BLOCKCHAIN Since Cryptocurrencies don’t have any intrinsic value of
their own, the holders of currency may face greater risk
Blockchain, by its very definition, should engender
associated with price volatility and liquidity. In order to
trust. But in reality, companies confront trust issues at
reap the benefits of blockchain technology, many
nearly every turn. For one, users must build confidence
central banks across the globe has started developing a
in the technology itself. As with any emerging
digital version of their fiat currency. For example, the
technology, challenges and doubts exist around
Central bank of Canada has developed CADcoin as a
blockchain’s reliability, speed, security and scalability.
digital version of Canadian Dollar, Dutch central bank is
And there are concerns regarding a lack of
experimenting with DNB coin virtual currency.
standardisation and the potential lack of
interoperability with other blockchains. Trade Finance: It is the most suggested application of
blockchain technology. The information is shared on
Also contributing to the blockchain trust gap is a lack of the privately distributed ledger by the exporters,
understanding. Even now, many executives are unclear importers and their respective banks. After satisfying
on what blockchain really is and how it is changing all certain conditions the trade deal can be automatically
facets of business. Although the public narrative has executed through various smart contracts. The
moved beyond bitcoin, even the more recent focus and respective parties can view data as well as actions
hype around ICOs only hint at the potential impact. performed on their systems. Barclays and an
Blockchain’s role as a dual-pronged change agent — as Israel-based start-up company have successfully
a new form of infrastructure and as a new way to executed a trade transaction using Blockchain in less
digitise assets through tokens, including cryptocurrency than four hours which generally takes 7 to 10 days. The
— is not easy to explain. Bank of America, Merrill Lynch, HSBC and the
Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore has
applied blockchain in processing trade transaction
using a paper-less letter of credit.
Supply Chain Financing: Small and medium-sized
enterprises (SME) faces a lot of issues in accessing
credit due to lack of sufficient collateral and credit
history. Blockchain can boost supply chain finance by
providing greater security, efficiency and better
decision making. According to the Global Trade Review,
a number of institutions including Standard Chartered
Bank, DBS Bank, and Infocomm Development Authority
Another challenge for blockchain is building trust in the of Singapore are developing a blockchain-based invoice
network. It is perhaps ironic that a technology meant to trading platform.
bring consensus hits a stumbling block on the early
need to design rules and standards. Take payment
systems and mechanisms in banking. Though everyone
plays by the rules of existing systems today, they don’t
necessarily agree on how an alternative
blockchain-based model should be designed and
operated.
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN BANKING
Digital Currency: Cryptocurrency acts as a medium of
exchange making use of cryptography to make the Monitoring of Consortium Accounts: One of the most
transaction more secure and to regulate the creation of important applications of blockchain technology is to
additional units of currency. Some of the most popular prevent the diversion of funds. In traditional system,
cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, the end use of funds is not tracked by the lender as the
Litecoin, etc. Cryptocurrencies help us to overcome the borrower makes multiple transactions in moving funds
identity theft as users have control over their from one bank to another. Blockchain technology helps
transactions. It protects the merchant from the risk of in monitoring of end use of funds of a borrower funded
fraud as the transactions cannot be reversed once by a consortium of banks. It will lead to a reduction in
executed and do not possess any personal information non-performing assets (NPA) as the banks can have an
with them. eye on the end use of funds.
04 MTBiz
ARTICLE OF THE MONTH
The State Bank of India (SBI) has become the first Indian BLOCKCHAIN BREAKTHROUGH IN
bank in establishing a financial Blockchain consortium SINGAPORE
of ten commercial banks, IBM, Microsoft, Skylark and
The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the
KPMG in 2017. The consortium completed its first
Singapore Exchange (SGX) have successfully developed
project in June 2017, enabling its members to share
an automated settlement solution for tokenized assets.
Know Your Customer (KYC), and AML and Anti Money
Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism MAS, Singapore's financial regulator, has said that the
(CTF) details over a Blockchain. Delivery versus Payment (DvP) mechanism will allow for
the settlement of tokenized assets across a range of
Know Your Customer (KYC): Presently, banks have to blockchain platforms.
upload the KYC data to the central registry that can be
accessed by banks to perform due diligence for existing The collaborative effort, developed with technology
or a new customer. This duplication of efforts would be partners Anquan, Deloitte, and Nasdaq, marks the
removed by blockchain technology. All clients’ updates latest phase of MAS' Project Ubin initiative, aimed at
will be available to all banks in near real-time. It will investigating how distributed ledger technology (DLT)
help in a reduction of frauds and non-Performing Assets can be utilized in the clearing and settlement of
(NPA) with which banking sector is struggling over a payment and securities.
period of time. Top banks of India such as ICICI Bank,
Yes Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank and Axis Bank are Sources:
increasingly recognizing the immense potential of https://assets.kpmg
Blockchain. https://www.pwccn.com/
https://www2.deloitte.com
https://dzone.com
https://yourstory.com
https://www.cnet.com
Mutual Trust Bank Limited (MTB) signed an agreement with Fintech Innovations International DMCC, UAE recently
at the bank’s Corporate Head Office, MTB Centre, 26 Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka 1212. Under this agreement, MTB
becomes a subscriber of Trade Assets, the first blockchain-powered trade finance e-Marketplace, which will enable
MTB to enhance its capabilities in reaching out to all foreign financial institution members of the platform, directly,
with a view to executing trade finance related transactions instantly in a highly secured manner.
05 MTBiz
THE CENTRAL BANK
NATIONAL NEWS
BB warns orgs against misuse of scope BB opens GTF for all sectors
Bangladesh Bank (BB) Bangladesh Bank recently
recently warned entities opened up its Green
or organisations not to Transformation Fund
misuse the investment (GTF) for all
scope in the national manufacturing and export
savings certificates from oriented entities
institutional funds. The irrespective of sector.
central bank issued the instruction as it found huge Earlier, the BB only allowed three sectors — textile,
investments in NSCs by different entities in the name of leather and jute — to access fund from the GTF to import
capital machinery and accessories for implementing
provident funds. The investment information from such
specified green or environment-friendly initiatives.
funds came to the central bank’s knowledge after the
However, other conditions to get refinance fund from
introduction of ‘National Savings Scheme Online
GTF would remain unchanged, a BB circular issued said.
Management System’ that became functional across
In January, 2016, BB introduced a refinance scheme
the country from June 30 this year. According to the
namely GTF amounting to USD 200 million for the export
latest BB data, the net NSC sales increased to BDT oriented industries of the textile and leather sectors to
43,474.48 crore in the first 10 months of FY19 from BDT set up environment friendly infrastructures. In October,
40,063.19 crore in the same period of FY18, much 2017, the facility of accessing fund from the GTF was
higher than the government’s initial target of collection extended to the Jute sector. In 2017, the BB as part of its
BDT 29,197 crore. The BB in its circular also specified move to widen the scheme reduced the interest rate of
that the NSCs could be purchased with the money from the scheme to six-month USD LIBOR plus 1 per cent
the provident funds certified by the tax commissioner. instead of six-month USD LIBOR plus 2.25 per cent.
The BB also asked the managing directors of all
BB issues guidelines on foreign transactions by HTP
scheduled banks to ensure compliance with the Savings
enterprises
Certificates Regulations 1977 while purchasing NSCs in
favour of their clients. Bangladesh Bank issued
for banks separate
School banking deposits increase to BDT 15.46b guidelines on foreign
Deposits with the exchange transactions
school banking by enterprises operating
accounts at 55 in the country’s Hi-Tech
scheduled banks parks. According to BB
increased to around officials, there are guidelines on forex transactions by
BDT 15.46 billion at banks for entities located in export processing zones
the end of March and economic zones and the central bank felt the
2019. The central bank’s latest quarterly report on necessity for issuing separate guidelines for Hi-Tech
financial inclusion shows that around BDT 15.46 billion park entities. For HTPs, enterprises would be
was deposited with 19,54,231 school banking accounts categorised in three categories based on their foreign
till March 31 this year, reports BSS. According to the and local share holdings. The BB circular issued by its
report, the school banking service is more popular in foreign exchange policy department said that foreign
the cities than in the rural areas as 12,37,458 school investors or joint venture companies would be allowed
banking accounts were opened in the cities against to invest in the HTPs upon taking registration from the
7,16,773 accounts in the rural areas. The banking is also Bangladesh High-Tech Park Authority. Central bank’s
more popular among the male students than the foreign exchange investment department must be
female as 11,44,775 school banking accounts were informed within 14 days of shares issuance to
opened by male students against 8,09,456 by female. non-resident investors. Similarly, transfer of shares of
“Bangladesh Bank launched the programme in the companies not listed with the stock exchange, from
November 2010 for school students to help them save resident to non-resident, non-resident to resident and
up for the future, learn financial literacy at an early age non-resident to non-resident must be informed to BB
and build the habit of saving,” a BB official said. along with required documents.
06 MTBiz
THE CENTRAL BANK
NATIONAL NEWS
Remittances hit record USD 16.42b in FY' 19 ADR of pvt banks rises to 86.2pc in March
The flow of Advance-to-deposit
remittances grew ratio (ADR) of the
by 9.65 per cent to country’s private
a record USD 16.42 commercial banks
billion in the increased further by
just-concluded 0.3 percentage
fiscal year (FY) as points at the end of
the exchange rate March this year amid a slow growth in deposits and
of local currency weakened against the US dollar. The rising non-performing loans in the banks. As per the
figure jumped from USD 14.98 billion in FY 2017-18, Bangladesh Bank’s January-March quarter report
according to the central bank's latest statistics. published recently, ADR of the PCBs increased to 86.2
Bangladesh received USD 12.77 billion in remittance in per cent at the end of March this year from 75.9 per
FY '17 and USD 14.93 billion in FY '16. The remittance cent three months ago. High ADR represents high risks
inflow was estimated at USD 1.37 billion in June last, for the banks and that’s why the BB lowered the ADR of
down by USD 387.54 million from that of the previous the banks to save them from financial risks as many of
month. In May 2019, the amount stood at USD 1.75 the banks had issued credit aggressively in the year of
billion. Bangladesh's current account deficit continues 2017 to maximise profits, BB officials said. The BB
to pose risks to the macroeconomic stability despite its report also showed that the private commercial banks
35 per cent fall in the July-April period of FY '19. The gap (excluding the Islamic banks) faced BDT 620 crore in
stood at USD 5.06 billion between July last year and shortfall in maintaining cash reserve ratio (CRR) at the
April this year, the BB data showed. The country's forex end of March this year due to a poor growth in
reserve rose to USD 32.57 billion from USD 32.53 deposits. Banks are supposed to keep 5.5 per cent of
billion. deposits they receive from customers with the central
bank as CRR.
Private sector credit growth rebounds
The private sector Deposit in farmers’ bank accounts drops by 9pc in Q1
credit growth Deposit in the
bounced back in farmers’ bank
May, following accounts,
higher trade opened with
financing due to BDT 10, fell by
the holy month of 8.99 per cent or
Ramadan, after BDT 27.26 crore
maintaining a falling trend in the previous seven during the January-March quarter this year despite a
consecutive months, officials said. The growth in moderate increase in number of the accounts. As per
private sector credit flow rose to 12.16 per cent in May
the Bangladesh Bank data released recently, deposit in
2019 on a year-on-year basis from 12.07 per cent a
the accounts dropped to BDT 276.11 crore at the end of
month ago, according to the central bank's latest
March this year from BDT 303.37 crore three months
statistics. The growth, however, was 4.34 percentage
ago. On the other hand, the number of farmer bank
points lower than the Bangladesh Bank's (BB) target of
accounts witnessed a modest 1.04 per cent or 1.03 lakh
16.50 per cent for the second half (H2) of last fiscal year
(FY), 2018-19. The declining trend in the private sector increase. Number of such bank accounts increased to
credit growth started in October 2018 that continued 99.9 lakh at the end of January-March quarter this year
until April 2019. In October 2018, the private credit from 98.87 lakh in December last year. The central bank
growth was 14.72 per cent. The banks provided higher in 2010 asked the banks to allow farmers to open
trade financing to settle import payment obligations in accounts with BDT 10 to ensure transparent
May, particularly for essentials, the central banker distribution of farm loans and subsidies and to bring
explained. farmers’ savings into the banking channel.
07 MTBiz
BUSINESS & ECONOMY
NATIONAL NEWS
BIMSTEC free trade deal likely this year BD economic growth continues to be strong: IMF
16
Sustainable the inflation rate below 5.5 per cent.
PEACE, JUSTICE
AND STRONG development
SUSTAINABLE Bangladesh among four countries to win US-China
INSTITUTIONS goals (SDGs)
DEVELOPMENT trade war
G ALS cannot be fully
achievable by Bangladesh is set to
2030, leaving sign at least two loan
out SDG 16 agreements involving
that focuses on inclusive societies, democracy, strong USD 1.7 billion for two
institutions, justice and rule of law. SDG 16 is the key power grid projects
goal and the driver of all other sustainable goals. If it during the upcoming
visit of Prime Minister
fails, overall SDGs will be a failure, speakers told a
(PM) Sheikh Hasina to
dialogue recently. They said growing economic
China. During the visit, the PM will meet Chinese
inequality, partially functioning democracy, the President Xi Jin Ping, and the loan deals will be signed in
weakening of some major institutions and presence of both the leaders, high officials told. The
non-inclusive growth are the major challenges in number of projects with Chinese loan may increase, as
achieving SDG 16. The observations were made at a the line ministries concerned are still brushing up
dialogue styled 'What type of democratic practices are details of the PM's visit. Funding of eight other projects,
suitable for achieving the SDGs?' hosted by the Centre for which China has pledged support, is pending, the
for Policy Dialogue in a city hotel. SDG 16-peace, justice officials added. The total amount involving these
and strong institutions-is one of the 17 SDGs projects is around USD 5.0 billion, a senior official of the
established by the United Nations in 2015. It has 12 Economic Relations Division (ERD) told. Chinese EXIM
targets to be achieved by 2030. Progress towards the Bank earlier wanted to provide the loan as commercial
targets. credit at an interest rate of 4.5 per cent.
08 MTBiz
BUSINESS & ECONOMY
NATIONAL NEWS
EU-Vietnam FTA to hit BD foreign trade hard Export earnings hit record USD 40.5b in FY19
Bangladesh is likely to The country’s export
EXPORT EARNINGS IN PAST 10 YEARS
45
($ billion)
25 22.93 24.3
concluded financial year of
27.03
competitor country 20
15
16.2 2018-19 stood at record
Vietnam signed a 10
5
USD 40.53 billion, growing
free-trade agreement 0
by 10.54 per cent from
9
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
(FTA) with the USD 36.66 billion in the
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
FY
European Union (EU), analysts said recently. The EU previous fiscal year. The amount of export earnings in
signed the free-trade deal with Vietnam on June 30, FY19 was USD 1.53 billion higher than the
paving the way for tariff reduction on 99 per cent of government-set target of USD 39 billion for the financial
goods, traded between the bloc and the Southeast year, according to the provisional data of Export
Asian country. The trade deal of the EU, the first of its Promotion Bureau to be released recently. Export
kind with a developing country in Asia, will be effective earnings grew by a paltry 5.8 per cent in FY18. The
after approval of the European Parliament. Local trade overall export in FY19 increased by USD 3.86 billion from
analysts said Bangladesh will face a serious blow, as its that of the previous fiscal year. According to the
strong trade opponent Vietnam signed the FTA with the provisional data, earnings from readymade garment
EU. They said the challenges for Bangladesh will swell export in FY19 grew by 11.50 per cent to USD 34.13
further when it will graduate as a developing nation billion from USD 30.61 billion in FY18. The readymade
after 2024. Bangladesh, as a least developed country garment export also exceeded by USD 1.44 billion the
(LDC), now gets "zero tariff" facility in exporting its government-set target of USD 32.68 billion for FY19.
products to Europe under the Generalised System of Export earnings from woven increased to USD 17.24
Preferences (GSP). Europe is the largest destination of billion from USD 15.42 billion. Knitwear export rose to
Bangladesh's garment export, as it made a shipment of USD 16.18 billion in FY19 from USD 15.18 billion in FY18.
USD 19.63 billion in 11 months (July-May) of the last USD 33m to be invested for women, girls
fiscal year (FY), 2018-19.
The government has joined hands
RMG industry keeps dominance in export earning with UNDP to implement a USD
Country’s readymade 33m project in Satkhira and Khulna
garments (RMG) districts benefitting almost 7 lakh
industry is continuing people mostly women and adoles-
its dominance in cent girls to help them adapt
earning foreign better to climate change. The
currency, contributing six-year project is mainly financed
85 percent to the total by the Green Climate Fund (GCF),
export earnings in the world’s largest multilateral fund
outgoing fiscal year 2018-19. According to the sources for climate change action. This is
at Export Promotion Bureau (EPB), Bangladesh has the first time when the Ministry of
earned USD 40.2 billion foreign currency during the last Women and Children’s Affairs,
fiscal year. The amount is USD 1.2 percent higher than provided USD 8 million and GCF, which is providing the
the target set by the government. During the last fiscal rest as a co-financer to plan, implement, and manage
year, RMG industry has earned USD 34.13 billion climate-resilient solutions. The inception workshop of
foreign currency. The industry saw 11.49 percent the project titled ‘Enhancing Adaptive Capacities of
growth in the fiscal. It bagged USD 30.61 billion foreign Coastal Communities, Especially Women, to cope with
currency in the 2017-18 fiscal year, EPB sources said. Climate Change Induced Salinity’ was held in the city
The industry exceeded the export target by 4.42 recently. The project will provide assistance to women
percent, as the estimated earnings were set at USD and girls in Satkhira and Khulna to adopt resilient
32.68 billion for 2018-19 FY. Of the USD 34.13 billion livelihoods, while ensuring reliable, safe drinking water
export earnings from apparel sector, knitwear products through community-managed rainwater harvesting
fetched USD 16.88 billion, which is 11.19 percent higher solutions, according to United Nations Development
than last fiscal year. Programme (UNDP).
09 MTBiz
MTB NEWS & EVENTS
10 MTBiz
MTB NEWS & EVENTS
Mutual Trust Bank Limited (MTB) and Sylhet Club Limited (SCL) have recently launched an exclusive MTB-SCL Visa
Signature Credit Card for the members of the club. The launching ceremony was held on June 27, 2019 at a local hotel
in Sylhet 3100.
Ariful Haque Chowdhury, Mayor, Sylhet City Corporation, Syed Tariquzzaman, Executive Director, Bangladesh Bank,
Haseen Ahmed, President, SCL, Mohammad Hafiz Ahmed, Airport Manager, Osmani International Airport (OIA), Sylhet
and Md. Hedayetullah, Chairman, Anis A. Khan, Managing Director & CEO, Syed Rafiqul Haq, Deputy Managing Director
& Chief Business Officer, Mohammad Anwar Hossain, Head of Cards and Azam Khan, Group Chief Communications
Officer, MTB along with elite of the city, club members and bank officials were also present at the ceremony.
MTB will offer the cardholders with exclusive benefits for example, reduced fees, free access to MTB Air Lounge, free
Priority Pass, free insurance benefits and many more.
MTB has opened its Smart Banking KIOSK at Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital at Dhaka 1215 on June 18,
2019. M. Salman Ispahani, Chairman, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital inaugurated the new MTB Smart
Banking KIOSK as the Chief Guest at a simple inauguration ceremony. Sheikh Kabir Hossain, Vice Chairman, Mridul
Kumar Sarkar, Chief Executive Officer, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital and Anis A. Khan, Managing Director
& CEO and Md. Rabiul Alam, Head of Alternate Delivery Channel, MTB along with other senior officials of both the
organizations also attended the event.
11 MTBiz
MTB NEWS & EVENTS
MTB and Sylhet Station Club Limited (SSCL) have recently launched an exclusive MTB-SSCL Visa Signature Credit Card
for the members of the club. The launching ceremony was held at a local hotel in Sylhet 3100 on June 27, 2019.
E. U. Shahidul Islam, President, SSCL and Md. Hedayetullah, Chairman, Anis A. Khan, Managing Director & CEO, Syed
Rafiqul Haq, Deputy Managing Director & Chief Business Officer, Mohammad Anwar Hossain, Head of Cards and Azam
Khan, Group Chief Communications Officer, MTB along with elite of the city, club members and bank officials were
also present at the ceremony.
MTB will offer the cardholders with exclusive benefits for example, reduced fees, free access to MTB Air Lounge, free
Priority Pass, free insurance benefits and many more.
12 MTBiz
MTB NEWS & EVENTS
13 MTBiz
MTB NEWS & EVENTS
MTB organized its first ever Agent Banking Conference at the Samson H. Chowdhury Auditorium at MTB Tower, 111
Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka 1000 on June 26, 2019. AHM Rafiqul Islam, Joint Director, Department of Financial
Inclusion, Bangladesh Bank graced the occasion as the Special Guest.
Anis A. Khan, Managing Director & CEO, Syed Rafiqul Haq, Goutam Prosad Das and Tarek Reaz Khan, Deputy Managing
Directors, Madan Mahan Karmoker, Head of Agent Banking and Azam Khan, Group Chief Communications Officer, MTB
were also present at the conference.
14 MTBiz
MTB NEWS & EVENTS
15 MTBiz
INDUSTRY APPOINTMENTS
NATIONAL NEWS
Mercantile Bank gets new Chairman NRB Bank re-elects Chairman
Lawmaker Morshed Alam has Mohammed Mahtabur
been elected Chairman of Rahman has recently been
Mercantile Bank Limited. re-elected Chairman of NRB
Alam is the founder Bank Limited. He is the
Chairman of the Bengal
Chairman and Managing
Group of Industries,
Director of Al Haramain
Chairman of private satellite
television channel RTV and a Perfumes Group of
former Chairman of National Companies. He is the founder
Life Insurance Company. President of Bangladesh
Alam is a member of the trustee board of the Peoples Business Council in Dubai and the NRB CIP Association
University of Bangladesh. in Bangladesh. He is Chairman of Al Haramain Tea
Badiuzzaman re-elected NRB Bank EC Chair Company and Al Haramain Hospital in Bangladesh.
16 MTBiz
DASHBOARD
Number of Subscribers
Digital Payments Mobile phone 160.83 million
Internet 94.45 million
Mobile Internet 88.66 million
Plastic
cards (number)
16.6 million
Transactions Credit
Debit (BDT in million)
cards cards
Credit Debit Prepaid
Subscribers
Internet Banking 2.19 million
7% 91% 2% Mobile Banking 68.28 million
E-commerce E-commerce
Transaction Transaction
BDT 1,002.00 BDT 455.8
million No. of ATM No. of POS
million
10,644 50,393
RANGPUR
668 15%
Jan - Mar 2018
9.49 9.50 9.46
5%
KHULNA CHATTOGRAM
949 2302
BARISHAL
505
0%
Feb 2019 Mar 2019 Apr 2019
17 MTBiz
DASHBOARD
Global
Rice Palm Oil Sugar Soybean Oil
USD 409.00 / metric ton USD 742.53 metric ton USD 273.37 / metric ton USD 772.82 / metric ton
May 2019 May 2019 May 2019 May 2019
Source: The World Bank
Pulse
Monthly Price Change (%)
Domestic
18 MTBiz
DASHBOARD
19 MTBiz
ECONOMIC FORECAST
INTERNATIONAL NEWS
World Bank’s Global Outlook: Weak Momentum, Heightened Risks
Global growth in 2019 has been downgraded to 2.6 per Global economic activity continued to soften at the
cent, 0.3 percentage point below previous forecasts, start of 2019, with trade and manufacturing showing
reflecting weaker-than-expected international trade signs of marked weakness (Figures 1.1.A and B).
and investment at the start of the year. Growth is Heightened policy uncertainty, including a recent
projected to gradually rise to 2.8 percent by 2021, re-escalation of trade tensions between major
predicated on continued benign global financing economies, has been accompanied by a deceleration in
conditions, as well as a modest recovery in emerging global investment and a decline in confidence (Figure
market and developing economies (EMDEs) previously 1.1.C). Activity in major advanced economies particularly
affected by financial market pressure. However, EMDE in the Euro Area as well as in some large emerging
growth remains constrained by subdued investment, market and developing economies (EMDEs) has been
Figure 1.1 Global growth prospects
A. Global growth B. Global manufacturing and new export orders
Percent Index, 50+=expansion Manufacturing
World Advanced economies EMDEs
8 55 New export orders
54
6 53
52
4 51
50
2
49
48
0
Jan-18
Apr-18
Jul-18
Oct-18
Jan-19
Apr-19
Jan-16
Apr-16
Jul-16
Oct-16
Jan-17
Apr-17
Jul-17
Oct-17
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Source: Haver Analytics, J.P Morgan, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank.
which is dampening prospects and impeding progress weaker than previously expected. Recent high frequency
toward achieving development goals. Risks are also indicators suggest this period of weakness may be
firmly on the downside, in part reflecting the possibility receding; however, global activity remains subdued.
of destabilizing policy developments, including a Amid low global inflation and a deterioration of the
further escalation of trade tensions between major growth outlook, the prospect that the U.S. Federal
economies; renewed financial turmoil in EMDEs; and Reserve and other major central banks will tighten
sharper-than-expected slowdowns in major monetary policy in the near term has faded, leading to
100 0
2018
2019
2020
2021
2018
2019
2020
2021
2018
2019
2020
2021
recent China
pressure
Source: Haver Analytics, J.P Morgan, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank.
economies. Efforts to strengthen access to markets and an easing in global financing conditions and a recovery
technology while boosting the quality of infrastructure of capital flows to EMDEs.
and governance should be prioritized and be Global growth in 2019 has been downgraded to 2.6
implemented through cost-effective and percent 0.3 percentage point below previous
private-sector-led solutions. projections—reflecting the broad-based weakness
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ECONOMIC FORECAST
observed during the first half of the year, including a between major economies and stability in commodity
further deceleration in investment amid rising trade prices. (Figure 1.1.E).
tensions. In particular, global trade growth in 2019 has Subdued investment will weigh on EMDE growth
been revised down a full percentage point, to 2.6 prospects directly through slower capital deepening
percent—slightly below the pace observed during the and indirectly through its dampening impact on
2015-16 trade slowdown, and the weakest since the productivity, which will make achieving the Sustainable
global financial crisis.
Figure 1.1 Global growth prospects
E. Per capita growth and share of EMDEs with F. investment growth in EMDEs
widening income gaps in 2019
Percent 2000-18 average
Percent Per capita growth Percent 8
Share of EMDEs with widening 6
6 income gaps (RHS) 80
4
4 60 2
2 40 0
-2
2018
2019
2020
2021
2018
2019
2020
2021
2018
2019
2020
2021
0 20
-2 0 EMDEs EMDEs under Others excl.
SAR EAP ECA LAC SSA MNA recent China
pressure
Source: Haver Analytics, J.P Morgan, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank.
As recent softness abates, global growth is projected to Development Goals more difficult. Amid a low
edge up to 2.7 percent in 2020 and to 2.8 percent in probability of substantial near-term policy
2021. Slowing activity in advanced economies and China improvements in major economies, risks remain firmly
is expected to be accompanied by a modest cyclical on the downside (Figure 1.2.A).
recovery in major commodity exporters and in a number Confidence and investment could be markedly
of EMDEs affected by recent pressure related to varying impacted by a sudden rise in policy uncertainty
degrees of financial market stress or idiosyncratic triggered, for instance, by substantial new trade
headwinds such as sanctions (Figure 1.1.D).
Figure 1.2 Global risks and policy challenges
A. Probalility distribution around global B. Average import tariffs in G20 countries
growth forecasts
Percent Percent Percent 2017 Additional 2018
5 5 10 Additional 2019 Considered
G20 average
4 4 8
6
3 3
4
2 50 percent 2
80 percent 2
1 90 percent 1 0
Baseline
Brazil
EU
United
India
China
States
Japan
Mexico
0 0
2017 2018 2019 2020
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ECONOMIC FORECAST
A weakening of financial market sentiment could lead to key to meet large infrastructure needs in electricity,
sudden increases in risk premiums and be amplified by transport, water supply and sanitation, and climate
high and rising debt levels, corporate sector change prevention and mitigation.
vulnerabilities, and increasing refinancing pressures in Estimates of the infrastructure spending required to meet
many EMDEs (Figure 1.2.C). The risk of a the Sustainable Development Goals in those areas by
sharper-than-expected deceleration in major 2030 range between 4.5 to 8.2 percent of EMDE GDP,
economies—such as the Euro Area, the United States, or depending on policy choices. Improving access to reliable
China—would result in considerably weaker global and and affordable electricity, enhancing the quality of
EMDE growth (Figure 1.2.D). Meanwhile, climate change logistics and transport infrastructure, leveraging digital
poses ever-growing risks to various EMDE regions. technologies, and improving institutional quality could
Figure 1.2 Global risks and policy challenges
C. International bond redemptions in EMDEs D. Impact of 1 percenage point growth slowdown
in the United States, Euro Area and China
Percent of GDP
0.8 Sovereign Corporate Percentage points
0.4 EMDEs excl. China World
0.6 0.0
-0.4
0.4 -0.8
0.2 -1.2
-1.6
0.0 -2.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2.4
Year 1 Year 2
In EMDEs, policymakers need to use the opportunity amid soft growth prospects and heightened risks, both
provided by still benign financing conditions to rebuild advanced economies and EMDEs need to be prepared
fiscal and monetary policy buffers to confront future to undertake coordinated policy action in the event of a
shocks. Amid adverse debt dynamics and narrowing severe global slowdown that threatens to inflict major
fiscal space. economic losses and set back progress on poverty
While growth prospects are subdued, there is a alleviation. International coordination would magnify
substantial upside potential from the implementation of the effectiveness of available fiscal and monetary policy
structural reforms that improve the business climate and buffers. International financial institutions and the G20
encourage job creation. Increased public sector efficiency can play an important role in fostering such
and measures to foster private sector investments will be coordination.
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WELLS FARGO MONTHLY OUTLOOK
2% 2%
3.0% 3.0%
0% 0%
2.0% 2.0%
-2% -2%
-4% -4%
1.0% 1.0%
-6% -6%
0.0% 0.0%
-8% -8%
Global GDP: 2018 @ 3.6%
Average 1980-Present: 3.5%
-10% -10% -1.0% -1.0%
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Source: U.S Department of Commerce, International Monetary Fund and Wells Fargo Securities
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FINANCIAL GLOSSARY
S
O
S
G
L
A
R
G O O S S
Y
L A A R R Y Y
Capital Gain: The amount by which an asset's selling Money Market: A market in which money and other
price exceeds its initial purchase price. A realized liquid assets such as bills of exchange and Treasury
capital gain is an investment that has been sold at a bills, generally of less than 12 months maturity, can
profit. An unrealized capital gain is an investment that be lent and borrowed in order to satisfy the
hasn't been sold yet but would result in a profit if short-term (from overnight to several months) cash
sold. Capital gain is often used to mean realized flow requirements of banks and other institutions.
capital gain. For most investments sold at a profit, Personal investors with large sums of money to
including mutual funds, bonds, options, collectibles, deposit can also gain access to the money market via
homes, and businesses, the IRS is owed money called the commercial banks.
capital gains tax. Junk Bonds: Bonds which offer high rates of interest
CMO: Collateralized Mortgage Obligation. A but with correspondingly higher risk attached to the
mortgage-backed, investment-grade bond that capital. In the US they carry a credit rating of BB and
separates mortgage pools into different maturity below. Junk bonds fell into disrepute in the late
classes. Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMO) 1980s, and are now termed ‘high yield bonds’.
are backed by mortgage-backed securities with a Quote/Quotation: The bid price and the offer price of
fixed maturity. They can eliminate the risks associated a security quoted in a market at a particular time, but
with prepayment because each security is divided not necessarily the price at which a deal will be done.
into maturity classes that are paid off in order. As a
Parity: A term used to describe an option contracts
result, they yield less than other mortgage-backed
total premium when that premium is the same amount
securities. The maturity classes are called tranches,
as its intrinsic value. For example, when an options
and they are differentiated by the type of return.
theoretical value is equal to its intrinsic value, it is said
Amortization: Amortization is the paying off of debt to be worth parity. When an option is trading for only
with a fixed repayment schedule in regular its intrinsic value, it is said to be trading at parity. Parity
installments over a period of time for example with a may be measured against the stocks last sale, bid, or
mortgage or a car loan. It also refers to the spreading offer. The term is also used loosely to describe two
out of capital expenses for intangible assets over a currencies that are trading at one-for-one. For
specific period of time (usually over the asset's useful example, the euro has sometimes traded at parity with
life) for accounting and tax purposes. the US dollar when one euro equals one dollar.
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